阅读说明：本技术 一种复合型电-激光加热辅助加工装置 (Compound electricity-laser heating auxiliary machining device ) 是由 吴雪峰 于福瑞 李明 梅三林 周迁明 张楷越 于 2021-09-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明专利公开了一种复合型电-激光辅助加工装置,包括激光头冷却系统、电接触电阻加热系统、自动机械夹爪位置调节机构、机械夹爪辅助机构；该激光头冷却系统包括水箱、活性炭过滤器、冷却管、循环水泵、冷热交换器；该电接触电阻加热系统包括自耦变压器、降压变压器、支柱式电流互感器、电流表、电压表、压力传感器、碳刷、绝缘层；该自动机械手位置调节机构包括丝杆、滑套、红外测距传感器、限位器、步进电机；该机械夹爪辅助机构包括驱动电机、专用机器人夹爪。本发明专利利用电接触加热切削原理和激光加热辅助切削技术相结合的方式,从而达到了改变材料的加工性能,达到减小刀具磨损、延长刀具使用寿命、增加加工质量及提高加工效率的目的。(The invention discloses a composite electric-laser auxiliary processing device, which comprises a laser head cooling system, an electric contact resistance heating system, an automatic mechanical clamping jaw position adjusting mechanism and a mechanical clamping jaw auxiliary mechanism, wherein the laser head cooling system is connected with the electric contact resistance heating system through a cable; the laser head cooling system comprises a water tank, an activated carbon filter, a cooling pipe, a circulating water pump and a cold-heat exchanger; the electric contact resistance heating system comprises an autotransformer, a step-down transformer, a pillar type current transformer, an ammeter, a voltmeter, a pressure sensor, a carbon brush and an insulating layer; the automatic manipulator position adjusting mechanism comprises a screw rod, a sliding sleeve, an infrared distance measuring sensor, a limiter and a stepping motor; the mechanical clamping jaw auxiliary mechanism comprises a driving motor and a special robot clamping jaw. The invention utilizes the mode of combining the electrical contact heating cutting principle and the laser heating auxiliary cutting technology, thereby achieving the purposes of changing the processing performance of materials, reducing the abrasion of cutters, prolonging the service life of the cutters, increasing the processing quality and improving the processing efficiency.)

1. The utility model provides a compound electricity-laser heating auxiliary machining device which characterized in that: the device comprises a laser head cooling system, an electric contact resistance heating system, an automatic mechanical clamping jaw position adjusting mechanism and a mechanical arm auxiliary mechanism; the laser head cooling system comprises a water tank (12), a filter (13), a three-way one-way valve (16), a cooling pipe (11), a circulating water pump (14) and a cold-heat exchanger (15); the top and the bottom of the water tank (12) are respectively provided with a water injection port (17) and a water outlet (18), the top ends of the water injection port (17) and the water outlet (18) are in threaded connection with a water tank cover, the upper end of the activated carbon filter (13) is connected with the water tank (12), the lower end of the activated carbon filter is connected with a cooling pipe water inlet pipe (19), the activated carbon filter (13) is arranged at the bottom of the protective shell (21), and the activated carbon filter and the protective shell are connected through screws; the three-way check valve (16) is installed at the top end of the cooling pipe water inlet pipe (19) and the top end of the cooling pipe water outlet pipe (20) in threaded connection, and the two three-way check valves (16) are installed in opposite directions and are installed anticlockwise.

2. A cooling tube (11) according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cooling pipe (11) is made of carbon steel and is fixed on the laser head (3) through a fixing frame (22), one side of the cooling pipe (11) in contact with the laser head (3) is flat, the contact area of the cooling pipe and the laser head (3) is increased, and the heat dissipation efficiency is improved; the circulating water pump (14) and the cold-heat exchanger (15) are both arranged at the bottom of the protective shell (21).

3. The combined type electric-laser heating auxiliary processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the electrical contact resistance heating system comprises: the device comprises an autotransformer (24), a step-down transformer (25), a pillar type current transformer (26), an ammeter (27), a voltmeter (28), a carbon brush (23), a pressure sensor (38) and an insulating layer (29); one end of the autotransformer (24) and one end of the step-down transformer (25) are connected with the carbon brush (23), and the other end of the autotransformer and the step-down transformer are connected with the cutter (1); one side of the strut type current transformer (26) is connected to the side of the step-down transformer (25), and the other side is connected to the measuring instrument ammeter (27); the carbon brush (23) is arranged in a rigid frame (37) at the bottom of the mechanical clamping jaw; the pressure sensor (38) is mounted with the carbon brush; four grooves are reserved in the middle of the rigid frame (37) at the bottom of the mechanical clamping jaw, and the carbon brush (23) is fixed at the back of each groove through screws, so that the carbon brush (23) is convenient to mount and dismount.

4. The method of mounting a pressure sensor of claim 3, wherein: the pressure sensor (38) is arranged in a middle groove of a rigid frame (37) at the bottom of the mechanical clamping jaw; the pressure sensor (38) is arranged at the bottom of the carbon brush (23); the carbon brushes (23) are in contact stress with the workpiece (2), signals are transmitted out, and the opening and closing of the circuit system are controlled after the signals are processed, so that the related electrification of each carbon brush (23) is controlled.

5. The combined type electric-laser heating auxiliary processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the automatic mechanical clamping jaw position adjusting mechanism comprises: the device comprises a stepping motor (5), a screw rod (4), a sliding sleeve (7), an infrared distance measuring sensor (39) and a limiter (6), wherein the stepping motor (5) is fixedly arranged on the outer side of a connecting rod (9); the connecting rod is in threaded connection with the connecting rod base (31); the connecting rod base (31) is fixedly connected with the protective shell (21) through screws; an output shaft of the stepping motor (5) is fixedly connected with a screw rod (4); the lower end of the sliding sleeve (7) is fixedly installed with the infrared distance measuring sensor (39).

6. The method of installing an infrared ranging sensor as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the infrared distance measuring sensor (39) is arranged at the right lower end of the sliding sleeve (7); the infrared distance measuring sensor (39) sends a signal to the signal processor by using an infrared distance measuring principle, so that the distance of the mechanical clamping jaw auxiliary mechanism can be automatically adjusted; a driving motor (8) of the mechanical clamping jaw auxiliary mechanism is arranged on the side surface of the lower end of the sliding sleeve (7); the output shaft of the driving motor (8) is connected with the special robot clamping jaw (10) through a coupler (32).

7. Dedicated robot jaw (10) according to claim 6, characterized in that: a mounting gear (34) is fixed at the middle part of the mechanical clamping jaw upper bracket (33) through a screw; the three parts of the supporting plate (35) behind the gear (34) are fixed through screws; the supporting plate (35) and a rigid frame (37) at the bottom of the mechanical clamping jaw are fixed through a connecting spring (36) in a screw mode, and the connecting spring (36) can be elastically fixed according to different diameters of workpieces (2).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of laser heating auxiliary cutting, in particular to a composite electric-laser heating auxiliary processing device.

Background

With the development of the industries such as aerospace industry, weapon industry, chemical industry, electronic industry and the like, higher requirements are placed on the performance of product part materials, and various engineering materials with high strength, high hardness and high brittleness are produced. The improved material performance brings difficulty to processing. For example, high temperature alloys have excellent thermal strength properties, thermal stability and thermal fatigue properties at high temperatures, and machining tools wear severely and have poor surface quality at normal temperatures. The engineering ceramic has high strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, is usually ground at present, and has low production efficiency, high cost and limited processing geometry. The heating auxiliary cutting technology appeared in recent years is an effective method for solving the processing of difficult-to-process materials. The heat sources commonly used at present are plasma arc, oxyacetylene flame, laser and the like. Compared with other heat sources, the laser has small spot size, high energy density, good controllability on energy distribution and time characteristics, and is more and more widely applied to heating auxiliary processing.

The principle of the electric contact resistance heating cutting technology is that a large current (120-180A) is conducted between a cutter and a workpiece, heat is generated by means of contact resistance between the cutter and the workpiece, a cutting point material is softened, and the machinability of the workpiece material is improved. Turning tests carried out by electrifying, heating and assisting cutting show that the temperature of a cutting point can reach 1100 ℃. The temperature of the cutting area of the surface of the workpiece is determined by the magnitude of the current passing through and the contact state of the workpiece cutter. The electric heating can improve the surface roughness of the workpiece, inhibit the generation of built-up edges and phosphorus burrs, and reduce the work hardening and residual stress of the material.

The method aims to solve the problem of processing of materials difficult to process and achieve the aims of reducing tool abrasion, increasing processing quality and improving processing efficiency. The invention provides a composite electric-laser heating auxiliary processing device which organically combines a laser heating auxiliary cutting technology and an electric contact resistance heating cutting technology.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to a hybrid electric-laser heating auxiliary processing apparatus to solve the above-mentioned problems.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a compound electricity-laser heating auxiliary machining device which characterized in that: the device comprises a laser head cooling system, an electric contact resistance heating system, an automatic mechanical clamping jaw position adjusting mechanism and a mechanical arm auxiliary mechanism; the laser head cooling system comprises a water tank, a filter, a three-way one-way valve, a cooling pipe, a circulating water pump and a cold-heat exchanger; the top and the bottom of the water tank are respectively provided with a water filling port and a water outlet, the top ends of the water filling port and the water outlet are in threaded connection with a water tank cover, the upper end of the activated carbon filter is connected with the water tank, and the lower end of the activated carbon filter is connected with a cooling pipe water inlet pipe; the activated carbon filter is arranged at the bottom of the protective shell and is connected with the protective shell through a screw; the three-way check valves are installed at the top ends of the cooling pipe water inlet pipe and the cooling pipe water outlet pipe in threaded connection, the installation directions of the two three-way check valves are opposite, and the two three-way check valves are installed anticlockwise; the cooling pipe is made of carbon steel and fixed on the laser head through the fixing frame, and the side, in contact with the laser head, of the cooling pipe is flat, so that the contact area with the laser head is increased, and the heat dissipation efficiency is improved; the circulating water pump and the cold-heat exchanger are both arranged at the bottom of the protective shell.

The electrical contact resistance heating system comprises: the transformer comprises an autotransformer, a step-down transformer, a strut type current transformer, an ammeter, a voltmeter, a carbon brush, a pressure sensor and an insulating layer; one end of the autotransformer and the step-down transformer is connected with the carbon brush, and the other end of the autotransformer and the step-down transformer is connected with the cutter; one side of the strut type current transformer is connected beside the step-down transformer, and the other side of the strut type current transformer is connected on a measuring instrument ammeter; the carbon brush is arranged in a rigid frame at the bottom of the mechanical clamping jaw; four grooves are reserved in the middle of the rigid frame at the bottom of the mechanical clamping jaw, and the back of each groove is fixed with a carbon brush through a screw, so that the carbon brush is convenient to mount and dismount; the pressure sensor is arranged in a groove in the middle of a rigid frame at the bottom of the mechanical clamping jaw; the pressure sensor is arranged at the bottom of the carbon brush; after the carbon brushes are in contact with a workpiece and stressed, signals are transmitted out, and after the signals are processed, the opening and closing of a circuit system are controlled, so that the related electrification of each carbon brush is controlled.

The automatic mechanical clamping jaw position adjusting mechanism comprises: the device comprises a stepping motor, a screw rod, a sliding sleeve, an infrared distance measuring sensor and a limiter; preferably, the stepping motor is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the connecting rod; preferably, the connecting rod is in threaded connection with the connecting rod base; the connecting rod base is fixedly connected with the protective shell through a screw; preferably, an output shaft of the stepping motor is fixedly connected with a screw rod; preferably, the infrared distance measuring sensor is arranged at the right lower end of the sliding sleeve; preferably, the infrared distance measuring sensor sends a signal to the signal processor by using an infrared distance measuring principle, so that the distance adjusting function of the mechanical clamping jaw auxiliary mechanism is achieved automatically; preferably, a driving motor of the mechanical clamping jaw auxiliary mechanism is installed on the side face of the lower end of the sliding sleeve; preferably, the output shaft of the driving motor is connected with the special robot clamping jaw through a coupling; preferably, the special robot clamping jaw, the middle part of the upper bracket of the mechanical clamping jaw, is fixedly provided with a gear by a screw, the gear has the function of opening and closing the mechanical clamping jaw, and the supporting plate behind the gear is fixed by the screw; preferably, the support plate is fixed with a rigid frame at the bottom of the mechanical clamping jaw) through a connecting spring screw; preferably, the connecting spring can be elastically fixed according to different diameters of workpieces;

compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the scheme, the laser-head-type electric-contact-resistance-based cutting machine is provided with the laser head cooling system, the electric-contact-resistance heating system, the automatic mechanical clamping jaw position adjusting mechanism and the mechanical clamping jaw auxiliary mechanism, and the electric-contact-resistance-based cutting machine combines the electric-contact-resistance heating technology and the laser-heating auxiliary cutting technology, so that the working efficiency is greatly improved. The principle of the electric contact resistance heating system is that a low-voltage large current is applied between a cutter and a workpiece, because the cutter and the workpiece have large resistance and small contact area, the cutter and the workpiece are heated in a cutting micro-area, so that the cutting is smooth, and the laser heating auxiliary cutting technology is used for improving the temperature of local materials and changing the material structure through laser, so that the purposes of facilitating the cutting, reducing the cutter abrasion, increasing the processing quality and improving the processing efficiency are achieved. A pressure sensor is arranged at the bottom of a carbon brush of the electric contact resistance heating system, and signals transmitted by the carbon brush after the carbon brush is in contact with a workpiece and stressed are processed to control the on-off of a circuit system, so that the related electrification of each carbon brush is controlled, and certain cost is saved. The automatic mechanical clamping jaw position adjusting mechanism adopts an infrared distance measuring sensor to measure the position of a workpiece, so as to send a signal to a signal processor, and finally drives a stepping motor to adjust the position of a mechanical clamping jaw. The mechanical clamping jaw auxiliary mechanism selects a special robot clamping jaw, and the clamping jaw is provided with a gear and a spring which can meet the requirements of grabbing workpieces of different types and different diameter sizes.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a left side view and a right side view of the structure of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a dedicated robot gripping jaw.

Fig. 4 is a front view and a plan view of a carbon brush mounting position.

Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of an electrical contact resistance heating system.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention will be clear and complete by combining the attached drawings in the embodiment of the invention

In the description, it is to be understood that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. Based on

The embodiments of the present invention, all others that a person of ordinary skill in the art would obtain without inventive faculty

The embodiments are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in figures 1 to 5: the invention provides a composite electric-laser heating auxiliary processing device, which comprises a laser head cooling system, an electric contact resistance heating system, an automatic mechanical clamping jaw position adjusting mechanism and a mechanical arm auxiliary mechanism, wherein the laser head cooling system is connected with the electric contact resistance heating system through a transmission mechanism; the laser head cooling system comprises a water tank 12, a filter 13, a three-way one-way valve 16, a cooling pipe 11, a circulating water pump 14 and a cold-heat exchanger 15; the top and the bottom of the water tank 12 are respectively provided with a water filling port 17 and a water outlet 18, and the top ends of the water filling port 17 and the water outlet 18 are in threaded connection with a water tank cover. The upper end of the activated carbon filter 13 is connected with the water tank 12, the lower end of the activated carbon filter 13 is connected with the cooling pipe inlet pipe 19, the activated carbon filter 13 is arranged at the bottom of the protective shell 21, and the activated carbon filter and the protective shell are connected through screws; the three-way check valves 16 are installed at the top ends of the cooling pipe water inlet pipe 19 and the cooling pipe water outlet pipe 20 in threaded connection, and the two three-way check valves 16 are installed in opposite directions and are installed anticlockwise. Furthermore, the cooling pipe 11 is made of carbon steel and fixed on the laser head 3 through a fixing frame 22, and one side of the cooling pipe 11, which is in contact with the laser head 3, is flat, so that the contact area of the cooling pipe 11 and the laser head 3 is increased, and the heat dissipation efficiency is improved; the circulating water pump 14 and the cold-heat exchanger 15 are both arranged at the bottom of the protective shell 21.

Further, the electrical contact resistance heating system includes: the self-coupling transformer 24, the step-down transformer 25, the pillar type current transformer 26, the ammeter 27, the voltmeter 28, the carbon brush 23, the pressure sensor 38 and the insulating layer 29; referring to fig. 5, which is a schematic circuit diagram of an electrical contact resistance heating system, the autotransformer 24 and the step-down transformer 25 are connected to the carbon brush 23 at one end and to the tool 1 at the other end. One side of the strut type current transformer 26 is connected to the side of the step-down transformer 25, and the other side is connected to the measuring instrument ammeter 27; in the carbon brush installation position shown in fig. 4, the carbon brush 23 is installed in the rigid frame 37 at the bottom of the mechanical clamping jaw, four grooves are reserved in the middle of the rigid frame 37 at the bottom of the mechanical clamping jaw, and the carbon brush 23 is fixed at the back of each groove by using screws, so that the carbon brush 23 is convenient to install and detach. Further, the pressure sensor 38 is arranged in a middle groove of a rigid frame 37 at the bottom of the mechanical clamping jaw. Further, the pressure sensor 38 is arranged at the bottom of the carbon brush 23; after the carbon brushes 23 are in contact with the workpiece 2 and stressed, signals are transmitted and processed to control the opening and closing of the circuit system, so that the related electrification of each carbon brush 23 is controlled. Further, the robot gripper position adjustment mechanism comprises: step motor 5, lead screw 4, sliding sleeve 7, infrared distance measuring inductor 39, stopper 6. The stepping motor 5 is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the connecting rod 9; the connecting rod is in threaded connection with the connecting rod base 31; the connecting rod base 31 is fixedly connected with the protective shell 21 through screws; an output shaft of the stepping motor 5 is fixedly connected with a screw rod 4. Further, the infrared distance measuring sensor 39 is installed at the right lower end of the sliding sleeve 7; the infrared distance measuring sensor 39 sends a signal to the signal processor by using an infrared distance measuring principle, so that the distance of the mechanical clamping jaw auxiliary mechanism can be automatically adjusted. Further, a driving motor 8 of a mechanical clamping jaw auxiliary mechanism is arranged on the side face of the lower end of the sliding sleeve 7; the output shaft of the driving motor 8 is connected with the special robot clamping jaw 10 through a coupling 32. Further, as shown in the schematic diagram of the dedicated robot gripping jaw shown in fig. 3, a gear 34 is fixedly mounted on the middle part of the mechanical gripping jaw upper bracket 33 by screws; the three parts behind the gear 34 and the supporting plate 35 are all fixed through screws; the connecting spring 36 can be elastically fixed according to the diameter of the workpiece 2.

The working principle is as follows: the innovation point of the invention is that the laser heating auxiliary cutting technology and the electric contact resistance heating cutting technology are organically combined, the device mainly effectively cools the laser head 3 by arranging a laser head cooling system, and the electric contact resistance heating system applies a low-voltage large current between the cutter 1 and the workpiece 2, and because the resistance between the cutter and the workpiece is large and the contact area is small, the cutter is heated in a cutting micro-area, so that the cutting becomes smooth. The automatic mechanical clamping jaw position adjusting mechanism is provided with an infrared ranging sensor 39 which sends a signal to a signal processor by using an infrared ranging principle, so that the automatic mechanical clamping jaw position adjusting mechanism has the function of automatically adjusting the distance of the mechanical clamping jaw auxiliary mechanism. The special robot clamping jaw 10 is provided with a gear 34 fixedly installed on the middle part of a mechanical clamping jaw upper part bracket 33 through screws; the three parts behind the gear 34 and the supporting plate 35 are all fixed through screws; the connecting spring 36 can be elastically fixed according to the diameter of the workpiece 2.

When in processing, the automatic mechanical clamping jaw position adjusting mechanism drives the special robot clamping jaw 10 to grab the workpiece 2 through the infrared distance measuring sensor 39 to automatically position the driving motor 8 after the workpiece 2 is fixed. The carbon brushes 23 on the rigid frame 37 at the bottom of the mechanical clamping jaw are subjected to contact stress through the workpiece 2, and then signals are transmitted out, processed and then the opening and closing of the circuit system are controlled, so that the related electrification of each carbon brush 23 is controlled. And starting the laser heating auxiliary cutting system, the electric contact resistance heating system and the laser head cooling system. The cutter 1 works to solve the problem of processing of difficult-to-process materials, and the aims of reducing cutter abrasion, increasing processing quality and improving processing efficiency are fulfilled.