阅读说明：本技术 用于中小型污水处理厂粗格栅间长方形结构沉井的工法 (Construction method for rectangular open caisson between coarse grids of small and medium-sized sewage treatment plants ) 是由 幸志勇 李顺明 蒙晓莲 朱立宏 汪友 童鑫 程海东 李明 蔡甲锟 李相宏 于 2021-09-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了用于中小型污水处理厂粗格栅间长方形结构沉井的工法,包括如下步骤：施工前的准备；基坑放坡施工,搅拌桩施工加固；依次铺粗砂垫层与素砼垫层；刃脚模板施工,砌筑砖胎膜；第一节沉井制作与下沉；第二节沉井制作与下沉；第三节沉井制作与下沉：封底前清理及封底施工；井筒内其余结构施工以及井上部的建筑和辅助设施施工,最后回填土。通过将采用沉井并分为三节,依次进行下沉的方法应用于中小型污水处理厂粗格栅间长方形结构的建造中,当前一节下沉至离地30厘米高时,后一节接高继续下沉,实现了减少了施工时间,降低施工难度,沉井过程中的垂直度易检测控制,减少沉井下沉倾斜的风险的效果,在结构外四个角20毫米间距弹出墨线。(The invention discloses a construction method for a rectangular open caisson between coarse grids of a small and medium-sized sewage treatment plant, which comprises the following steps: preparation before construction; carrying out foundation pit slope releasing construction and reinforcing construction of a mixing pile; paving a coarse sand cushion layer and a plain concrete cushion layer in sequence; constructing a blade foot template, and building a brick moulding bed; manufacturing and sinking a first section of open caisson; manufacturing and sinking a second section of open caisson; and (3) manufacturing and sinking a third section of open caisson: cleaning before bottom sealing and bottom sealing construction; and constructing other structures in the shaft, constructing buildings and auxiliary facilities at the upper part of the well, and finally backfilling soil. The method of sequentially sinking the open caisson is applied to the construction of the rectangular structure between the coarse gratings of the small and medium-sized sewage treatment plants by dividing the open caisson into three sections, when the former section sinks to the height of 30cm from the ground, the latter section is connected to the height and continues to sink, so that the construction time is reduced, the construction difficulty is reduced, the verticality in the open caisson process is easy to detect and control, the risk of the open caisson sinking and inclining is reduced, and ink lines are popped out at the four corners of the structure at intervals of 20 mm.)

1. A construction method for a rectangular open caisson between coarse grids of a small and medium-sized sewage treatment plant is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) preparation before construction: the device equipment is conveyed to the site, and the axis and the elevation control point of the open caisson are arranged on the site to complete the positioning and measuring work of the open caisson;

2) carrying out slope releasing construction on a foundation pit of the open caisson, and carrying out construction and reinforcement on a stirring pile at the bottom of a region to be subjected to the open caisson;

3) paving a coarse sand cushion layer and a plain concrete cushion layer in sequence from bottom to top on site to prevent the blade foot and the well wall from generating destructive cracks due to larger uneven settlement generated in the open caisson manufacturing process and keep the well body vertical;

4) constructing a blade foot template, and building a brick moulding bed;

5) manufacturing a first section of open caisson: sequentially binding reinforcing steel bars, supporting a formwork, concrete tamping, formwork stripping and maintenance of the first section of the open caisson, forming a blade profile of the open caisson by adopting a brick molding bed, and increasing the wall of the first section of the open caisson by 10-20mm according to the periphery of the design size;

6) sinking the first section of open caisson: before sinking, chiseling off the brick bed film by adopting a rock drill symmetrically, sinking without draining, keeping the water level in the well higher than the water level outside the shaft by 1m, gradually sinking the soil in the shaft to the elevation required by design, rechecking the axis and the elevation in the sinking process, and monitoring and controlling the position and the verticality of the sunk well;

7) after the first section of open caisson sinks to be in place, sand is banked on the inner side of the blade foot to prevent the soil from arching, and the original soil is backfilled on the excavation surface to tamp the first section of open caisson;

8) manufacturing a second section of open caisson: sequentially binding reinforcing steel bars, supporting a formwork, concreting, removing the formwork and maintaining of the second section of the open caisson, wherein the size of the second section of the open caisson wall keeps the design requirement unchanged;

9) sinking the second section of open caisson: after the second open caisson reaches the age, excavating and tamping backfilled original soil of the first open caisson, recovering the excavation surface, gradually sinking the excavated soil, open drainage and deep well precipitation in the shaft of the second open caisson to the elevation required by the design, and treating the construction joint between the first open caisson and the second open caisson;

10) and (3) manufacturing a third open caisson: after the second open caisson is sunk in place, backfilling original soil on the excavation surface, and after the second open caisson is stabilized, sequentially binding reinforcing steel bars, supporting a formwork, tamping concrete, removing the formwork and maintaining the third open caisson, wherein the periphery of the wall of the third open caisson is reduced by 10-20mm according to the design size;

11) sinking a third open caisson: after the third open caisson reaches the age, digging and tamping backfilled original soil of the second open caisson, recovering the digging surface, gradually sinking the water of the third open caisson to the elevation required by the design, and treating the construction joint between the second open caisson and the third open caisson;

12) cleaning before bottom sealing: floating mud within the range of the bottom is not more than 10cm during cleaning, and the clay on the well wall and the bottom surface of the partition wall within the height of the bottom sealing cushion layer to be sealed is cleaned as much as possible;

13) constructing a bottom sealing cushion layer: firstly, observation and inspection are carried out, bottom sealing construction is carried out after the stability of the open caisson is confirmed to meet the design and the specification, a guide pipe poured underwater is adopted, the lower opening of the guide pipe is lowered to a position 30-50cm away from the surface of a substrate, then concrete is poured uniformly, after the underwater pouring is finished, the soft part of the top surface of the bottom sealing cushion layer and the bottom plate cushion layer of the leakage stopping seat are removed, anti-floating measures are taken for the bottom sealing cushion layer, the settling height of the open caisson is monitored, and the bottom sealing plate construction can be carried out when the bottom sealing cushion layer sinks to be less than 10mm within 8 hours;

14) construction of a bottom sealing plate: binding reinforcing steel bars, and pouring concrete at one time to form a bottom sealing plate, wherein the thickness of the bottom sealing plate concrete is 600mm by using C35 concrete;

15) and constructing other structures in the shaft, constructing buildings and auxiliary facilities at the upper part of the well, and finally backfilling soil.

2. The construction method for the rectangular structure open caisson between the coarse grids of the small and medium-sized sewage treatment plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that: and 6) in the steps 11), adopting a long-arm excavator to excavate soil, a diver holds a high-pressure water gun to flush soil and a suction dredge to suck soil, and performing sinking work of the open caisson in a matched manner, wherein four walls in the shaft are uniformly, symmetrically and vertically excavated and sunk, and the height difference of each wall of each open caisson per se is controlled to be less than 0.5 m.

3. The construction method for the rectangular structure open caisson between the coarse grids of the small and medium-sized sewage treatment plant according to claim 2 is characterized in that: and 6) in the steps 11), the long-arm excavator is constructed in a mode that the middle of a well barrel is firstly excavated, then soil on the side of the edge of the blade foot is excavated to form a pot bottom, and the soil is symmetrically constructed in a mode that the middle of the well barrel is firstly excavated, then the side wall of the well barrel, the pot bottom is firstly excavated, and the blade foot is secondly excavated by a soil suction machine.

4. The construction method for the rectangular structure open caisson between the coarse grids of the small and medium-sized sewage treatment plant according to claim 3 is characterized in that: and 6) in the steps 11), the suction dredge comprises a slurry pump, an underwater soil suction device and a rubber pipe for connecting the slurry pump and the underwater soil suction device, the soil suction device is provided with a cable, the position of the soil suction device is controlled through the cable, and when the suction dredge sucks soil, the water level in a shaft is kept 1-2m higher than the underground water level.

5. The construction method for the rectangular structure open caisson between the coarse grids of the small and medium-sized sewage treatment plant according to claim 4 is characterized in that: and 6) in steps 11), after the end of flushing the edge foot part of the open caisson, allowing the diver to leave water for rest, starting pumping water to reduce the water level in the shaft, observing when pumping water, stopping pumping water when the water level in the shaft is lower than the underground water level, observing the sinking speed and deviation condition of the open caisson, performing pumping water after the open caisson is basically stable, pumping water when the water in the shaft is pumped to a certain position and the open caisson does not sink any more, adding water into the shaft at the moment, controlling the water level to be above the underground water level, repeating the steps until the water level is sunk to a designed elevation 2m away from the open caisson.

6. The construction method for the rectangular structure open caisson between the coarse grids of the small and medium-sized sewage treatment plant according to claim 5 is characterized in that: and 6) in the steps 11), entering a final sinking stage when the open caisson sinks to the designed elevation of 2m, slowing down the soil flushing and absorbing speed in the final sinking process, arranging the soil flushing and absorbing range according to the uniform and symmetrical principle, controlling the numerical value of each monitoring control point of the open caisson to be stable, and timely correcting the deviation, wherein the deviation correcting method is to adjust the soil absorbing speed and position.

7. The construction method for the rectangular structure open caisson between the coarse grids of the small and medium-sized sewage treatment plant according to claim 6 is characterized in that: and 6) in the steps 11), in the final sinking process, when the elevation of the tread of the blade foot of the open caisson is 25mm higher than the design height, immediately stopping flushing and sucking soil, closely observing and measuring, finishing the final sinking of the open caisson to the position after meeting the standard requirement, and continuously observing elevations of four corners at intervals of 6 hours to verify that the open caisson meets the stability requirement.

8. The construction method for the rectangular structure open caisson between the coarse grids of the small and medium-sized sewage treatment plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that: and 6) in the steps 11), a mud pit and a sedimentation tank are arranged on site, mud water generated in the excavation and sinking processes of each section of open caisson is collected and precipitated, clear water obtained by precipitation in the sedimentation tank is discharged through a guide pipe, and mud precipitated in the mud pit is transported to a designated place to be stacked.

9. The construction method for the rectangular structure open caisson between the coarse grids of the small and medium-sized sewage treatment plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step 13), the anti-floating measure for the bottom sealing cushion layer is specifically that four or six steel pipes are embedded when the bottom sealing cushion layer is subjected to concrete pouring, the bottom of each steel pipe penetrates into the soil layer and is not less than 0.5m, the top of each steel pipe is not lower than the top surface of the open caisson, water in the shaft is led out of the open caisson through the steel pipes, and the buoyancy is reduced through pressure relief.

10. The construction method for the rectangular structure open caisson between the coarse grids of the small and medium-sized sewage treatment plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that: and in the steps 13) and 14), pouring the bottom sealing cushion layer and the bottom sealing bottom plate in a sequence of synchronous construction with the circumferential direction of the shaft firstly and then the central symmetry.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of engineering construction, in particular to a construction method for a rectangular structure open caisson between coarse grids of small and medium-sized sewage treatment plants.

Background

The open caisson is a structure which is formed by using reinforced concrete to make a shaft-shaped structure with an upper opening and a lower opening and a closed periphery as a support of a pit wall of a foundation pit on the ground or in the pit, using machinery and manpower to excavate and transport soil in layers after the shaft concrete reaches a certain strength, overcoming the frictional resistance between the shaft concrete and the soil wall by virtue of the dead weight of the shaft concrete along with the gradual reduction of the soil surface in the pit to subside, and sealing the bottom after the shaft concrete sinks to the designed elevation in the soil. The single body of the open caisson structure has low cost, the concrete of the main body is poured on the ground, the quality is easy to ensure, the waterproof effect is good, and a transverse main rib can be adopted to form a more economic structure system.

At present, China has a large population and rapid economic development, and brings great pressure to the global environment. Due to the environmental protection, the sewage treatment capacity is increased, besides large sewage treatment plants constructed in each city, the number of small and medium-sized sewage treatment plants constructed in each area is increased, at present, the small and medium-sized sewage treatment plants are mostly constructed in a mode of adopting pit bases and densely arranged pile foundations as supporting structures, and the mode has the defects of slow construction, high safety risk, high engineering cost and the like. At present, no case exists in which the open caisson construction method is applied to the construction of the rectangular structure between the coarse grids of the small and medium-sized sewage treatment plants.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to at least solve one technical problem in the prior art, and therefore, the invention provides a construction method for a rectangular structure open caisson between coarse grids of a small and medium-sized sewage treatment plant, which comprises the following steps:

1) preparation before construction: the device equipment is conveyed to the site, and the axis and the elevation control point of the open caisson are arranged on the site to complete the positioning and measuring work of the open caisson;

2) carrying out slope releasing construction on a foundation pit of the open caisson, and carrying out construction and reinforcement on a stirring pile at the bottom of a region to be subjected to the open caisson;

3) paving a coarse sand cushion layer and a plain concrete cushion layer in sequence from bottom to top on site to prevent the blade foot and the well wall from generating destructive cracks due to larger uneven settlement generated in the open caisson manufacturing process and keep the well body vertical;

4) constructing a blade foot template, and building a brick moulding bed;

5) manufacturing a first section of open caisson: sequentially binding reinforcing steel bars, supporting a formwork, concrete tamping, formwork stripping and maintenance of the first section of the open caisson, forming a blade profile of the open caisson by adopting a brick molding bed, and increasing the wall of the first section of the open caisson by 10-20mm according to the periphery of the design size;

6) sinking the first section of open caisson: before sinking, chiseling off the brick bed film by adopting a rock drill symmetrically, sinking without draining, keeping the water level in the well higher than the water level outside the shaft by 1m, gradually sinking the soil in the shaft to the elevation required by design, rechecking the axis and the elevation in the sinking process, and monitoring and controlling the position and the verticality of the sunk well;

7) after the first section of open caisson sinks to be in place, sand is banked on the inner side of the blade foot to prevent the soil from arching, and the original soil is backfilled on the excavation surface to tamp the first section of open caisson;

8) manufacturing a second section of open caisson: sequentially binding reinforcing steel bars, supporting a formwork, concreting, removing the formwork and maintaining of the second section of the open caisson, wherein the size of the second section of the open caisson wall keeps the design requirement unchanged;

9) sinking the second section of open caisson: after the second open caisson reaches the age, excavating and tamping backfilled original soil of the first open caisson, recovering the excavation surface, gradually sinking the excavated soil, open drainage and deep well precipitation in the shaft of the second open caisson to the elevation required by the design, and treating the construction joint between the first open caisson and the second open caisson;

10) and (3) manufacturing a third open caisson: after the second open caisson is sunk in place, backfilling original soil on the excavation surface, and after the second open caisson is stabilized, sequentially binding reinforcing steel bars, supporting a formwork, tamping concrete, removing the formwork and maintaining the third open caisson, wherein the periphery of the wall of the third open caisson is reduced by 10-20mm according to the design size;

11) sinking a third open caisson: after the third open caisson reaches the age, digging and tamping backfilled original soil of the second open caisson, recovering the digging surface, gradually sinking the water of the third open caisson to the elevation required by the design, and treating the construction joint between the second open caisson and the third open caisson;

12) cleaning before bottom sealing: floating mud within the range of the bottom is not more than 10cm during cleaning, and the clay on the well wall and the bottom surface of the partition wall within the height of the bottom sealing cushion layer to be sealed is cleaned as much as possible;

13) constructing a bottom sealing cushion layer: firstly, observation and inspection are carried out, bottom sealing construction is carried out after the stability of the open caisson is confirmed to meet the design and the specification, a guide pipe poured underwater is adopted, the lower opening of the guide pipe is lowered to a position 30-50cm away from the surface of a substrate, then concrete is poured uniformly, after the underwater pouring is finished, the soft part of the top surface of the bottom sealing cushion layer is removed, anti-floating measures are taken for the bottom sealing cushion layer, the settling height of the open caisson is monitored, and bottom sealing bottom plate construction can be carried out when the sinking is less than 10mm within 8 hours;

14) construction of a bottom sealing plate: binding reinforcing steel bars, and pouring concrete at one time to form a bottom sealing plate, wherein the thickness of the bottom sealing plate concrete is 600mm by using C35 concrete;

15) and constructing other structures in the shaft, constructing buildings and auxiliary facilities at the upper part of the well, and finally backfilling soil.

Has the advantages that: the method for sequentially sinking the open caisson is applied to the construction of the open caisson with the rectangular structure between the coarse grids of the small and medium-sized sewage treatment plant by dividing the open caisson into three sections, when the former section sinks to the designed elevation, the latter section is connected to the height to continue sinking, so that the construction time is reduced, the construction difficulty is reduced, the verticality in the open caisson process is easy to detect and control, and the risk of the open caisson sinking and inclining is reduced.

In some embodiments of the invention, in steps 6) to 11), a long-arm excavator is used for excavating soil, a diver holds a high-pressure water gun for flushing soil, and a suction dredge is used for sucking soil, and the sinking operation of the open caisson is performed in a matching manner, the four walls in the shaft are uniformly, symmetrically and vertically excavated and sunk, and the height difference of each wall of each open caisson is controlled to be less than 0.5 m.

In some embodiments of the invention, in steps 6) to 11), the long-arm excavator is constructed by excavating the middle of the well barrel firstly and excavating soil on the side of the edge of the blade foot later to form a pan bottom, and the soil suction machine is constructed symmetrically by excavating the middle of the well barrel firstly, excavating the side wall of the well barrel later, excavating the pan bottom firstly and excavating the blade foot later.

In some embodiments of the invention, in steps 6) to 11), the suction dredge comprises a mud pump, an underwater soil sucker and a rubber pipe connecting the mud pump and the underwater soil sucker, the soil sucker is provided with a cable, the position of the soil sucker is controlled by the cable, and the water level in the shaft is kept 1-2m higher than the underground water level when the suction dredge sucks the soil.

In some embodiments of the invention, in steps 6) to 11), after the end of flushing the edge foot part of the caisson is finished, the diver goes out water to rest, starts pumping water to reduce the water level in the shaft, pays attention to observation during pumping water, stops pumping water when the water level in the shaft is lower than the underground water level, observes the sinking speed and deviation condition of the caisson, performs pumping operation after the caisson is basically stable, and stops pumping water when the water in the shaft is pumped to a certain position and the caisson does not sink any more, and at this time, the caisson has no sinking gap, and adds water into the shaft, and the water level is still controlled at a position above the underground water level, and the operation is repeated until the distance from the caisson sinks to the designed elevation 2 m.

In some embodiments of the invention, in steps 6) to 11), the open caisson enters a final sinking stage when sinking to a designed elevation of 2m, in the final sinking process, the soil flushing and absorbing speed is reduced, the soil flushing and absorbing range is arranged according to a uniform and symmetrical principle, each monitoring control point of the open caisson is controlled to be stable in value, and the correction is performed in time by adjusting the soil absorbing speed and position.

In some embodiments of the invention, in steps 6) to 11), in the final sinking process, when the elevation of the tread of the edge foot of the open caisson is 25mm higher than the design height, the soil flushing and suction are immediately stopped, the observation and the measurement are closely carried out, after the requirements of the specification are met, the final sinking of the open caisson is finished in place, and then the elevations of four corners are continuously observed at intervals of 6 hours, so that the open caisson is verified to meet the stability requirement.

In some embodiments of the invention, in steps 6) to 11), a mud pit and a sedimentation tank are arranged on site, mud water generated in the soil excavation and sinking processes of each section of open caisson is collected and precipitated, clear water obtained by precipitation in the sedimentation tank is discharged through a conduit, and sludge precipitated in the mud pit is transported to a designated place to be stacked.

In some embodiments of the invention, in step 13), the anti-floating measure for the bottom-sealed cushion layer is specifically that four or six steel pipes are embedded during the concrete pouring of the bottom-sealed cushion layer, the bottom of each steel pipe extends into the soil layer and is not less than 0.5m, the top of each steel pipe is not lower than the top surface of the open caisson, water in the shaft is led out of the open caisson through the steel pipes, and the buoyancy is reduced through pressure relief.

In some embodiments of the invention, in steps 13) and 14), the sequence of pouring the bottom-sealing cushion layer and the bottom-sealing bottom plate is the synchronous construction of the circumferential direction of the shaft and the central symmetry.

Drawings

The invention is further described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from these drawings without inventive effort.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a coarse sand cushion and a plain concrete cushion laid during the fabrication of a first section of open caisson in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first section of open caisson after sinking in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second section of the open caisson after it has been lowered in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a third open caisson after sinking in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the invention, wherein a diver holds a high-pressure water gun to flush soil and a suction dredge to suck soil, and carries out sinking work of an open caisson in a matching manner;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a measurement scale and control point arrangement for an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a bottom sealing pad anti-floating measure.

In the figure: the device comprises a coarse sand cushion layer 10, a plain concrete cushion layer 20, a first section of open caisson 30, a second section of open caisson 40, a third section of open caisson 50, a diver 60, a bottom sealing cushion layer 70, a steel pipe 80, a high-pressure water gun 90, a slurry pump 91, a rubber pipe 92 and a slurry output pipe 93.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the present invention is given for the purpose of better understanding technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art, and the present description is only exemplary and explanatory and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention in any way.

It will be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "bottom", "top", "inner", "outer", and the like, as used herein, refer to orientations or positional relationships illustrated in the drawings, which are used for convenience in describing the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be considered limiting of the present invention.

Herein, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used for distinguishing different objects, not for describing a particular order. As used herein, the terms "a", "an", and "the" are used interchangeably, and the term "a" and "an" are used interchangeably.

It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly limited, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific contents of the technical solutions.

Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.

Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the method for constructing the rectangular open caisson between the coarse grids of the small and medium-sized sewage treatment plants in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

1) preparation before construction: and (4) conveying each device to the site, and setting the axis and the elevation control point of the open caisson on the site to complete the positioning and measuring work of the open caisson.

2) And carrying out slope releasing construction on the foundation pit of the open caisson, and carrying out construction and reinforcement on the stirring pile at the bottom of the area to be subjected to the open caisson.

3) With continued reference to fig. 1, a coarse sand cushion layer 10 and a plain concrete cushion layer 20 are sequentially paved on the site from bottom to top, so that the phenomenon that the blade foot and the well wall generate destructive cracks due to large uneven settlement generated in the open caisson manufacturing process is prevented, and the well body can be kept vertical.

4) Constructing a blade foot template and building a brick moulding bed.

5) Manufacturing a first section of open caisson 30: and (3) sequentially binding reinforcing steel bars, supporting a formwork, concreting, removing the formwork and maintaining the first section of the open caisson 30, forming the blade profile of the open caisson by adopting a brick molding bed, and enlarging the cylinder wall of the first section of the open caisson 30 by 10-20mm according to the periphery of the design size.

6) With continued reference to fig. 2, the first section of open caisson 30 is lowered: before sinking, chiseling off the brick bed film by adopting rock drill symmetry, sinking without draining water, keeping the water level in the well higher than the water level outside the shaft by 1m, gradually sinking the soil in the shaft to the elevation required by design, rechecking the axis and the elevation in the sinking process, and monitoring and controlling the position and the verticality of the sunk well.

7) With continued reference to fig. 2, after the first section of open caisson 30 is sunk into position, sand is built inside the blade foot to prevent the soil from arching, and undisturbed soil is backfilled on the excavated surface to tamp the first section of open caisson 30.

8) And (3) manufacturing a second section of open caisson 40: and (4) sequentially binding reinforcing steel bars, supporting a formwork, concreting, removing the formwork and maintaining the second section of the open caisson 40, wherein the size of the cylinder wall of the second section of the open caisson 40 keeps the design requirement unchanged.

9) With continued reference to fig. 3, the second open caisson 40 is lowered: and after the second open caisson 40 reaches the age, excavating and tamping backfilled original soil of the first open caisson 30, recovering the excavation surface, gradually sinking the excavated soil, open drainage and deep well precipitation in the shaft of the second open caisson 40 to the elevation required by the design, and treating the construction joint between the first open caisson 30 and the second open caisson 40.

10) And (3) manufacturing a third open caisson 50: and after the second open caisson 40 is sunk in place, backfilling original soil on the excavation surface, and after the second open caisson 40 is stabilized, sequentially binding reinforcing steel bars, supporting a formwork, tamping concrete, removing the formwork and maintaining the third open caisson 50, wherein the periphery of the cylindrical wall of the third open caisson 50 is reduced by 10-20mm according to the design size.

11) With continued reference to fig. 4, the third caisson 50 is lowered: and after the age of the third open caisson 50 is reached, excavating and tamping backfilled original soil of the second open caisson 40, recovering the excavation surface, gradually sinking the third open caisson 50 to the elevation required by the design, and treating the construction joint between the second open caisson 40 and the third open caisson 50.

With reference to fig. 5, preferably, the sinking mode of each sinking well adopts a long-arm excavator to dig soil, a diver 60 holds a high-pressure water gun 90 to flush soil and a suction dredge to suck soil, and the sinking operation of the sinking well is carried out in a matching manner, four walls in the shaft are uniformly, symmetrically and vertically dug and sunk, and the height difference of each wall of each sinking well is controlled to be less than 0.5 m.

The long-arm excavator is constructed in a mode of firstly excavating the middle of a shaft and then excavating soil on the side edge of a blade foot to form a pot bottom, and the soil suction machine is constructed symmetrically in a mode of firstly excavating the middle of the shaft, then excavating the side wall of the shaft, firstly excavating the pot bottom and then excavating the blade foot. Preferably, the pan bottom is 1m lower than the blade foot. The open caisson can sink by the dead weight of the open caisson, and the soil below the blade foot is extruded to the bottom of the central pot and then continues from the well hole. The open caisson can continue to sink, but the soil can be washed loose by a water jetting pipe when part of the soil below the blade foot can not be squeezed away, the sinking speed is reduced when the open caisson sinks to about 2 meters away from the designed elevation to prevent over-sinking, and the sinking record is made when the open caisson sinks too heavily.

The suction dredge comprises a mud pump 91, an underwater soil suction device and a rubber pipe 92 connecting the mud pump 91 and the underwater soil suction device, and the other side of the mud pump 91 is connected with a mud output pipe 93 for discharging the sucked mud out of the well barrel. The soil suction device is provided with a cable, the position of the soil suction device is controlled by the cable, and when the soil suction machine sucks soil, the water level in the shaft is kept 1-2m higher than the underground water level.

Diver 60 washes open caisson sword foot position after finishing, diver 60 goes out the water rest, begin to draw water and reduce to the interior water level of pit shaft, pay attention to the observation during drawing water, stop drawing water when the interior water level of pit shaft is less than ground water level, observe the sunken speed and the deviation condition of open caisson, the operation of drawing water again after treating the open caisson basic stabilization, draw water to a certain position open caisson no longer sinking when the pit shaft water, the open caisson has not sunk space this moment, add water again in the pit shaft, the position that the water level still controlled more than ground water level, from this relapse, stop when sinking to design elevation 2m apart from the open caisson.

And entering a final sinking stage when the open caisson sinks to the designed elevation of 2m, slowing down the soil flushing and absorbing speed in the final sinking process, arranging the soil flushing and absorbing range according to the uniform and symmetrical principle, controlling the numerical value of each monitoring control point of the open caisson to be stable, and timely correcting the deviation, wherein the correcting method is to adjust the soil absorbing speed and position.

In the final sinking process, when the elevation of the tread of the blade foot of the open caisson is 25mm higher than the design height, immediately stopping flushing and absorbing soil, closely observing and measuring, finishing the final sinking of the open caisson to the position after meeting the standard requirement, and continuously observing elevations at four corners every 6 hours, thereby verifying that the open caisson meets the stability requirement.

In other embodiments of the invention, a mud pit and a sedimentation tank are arranged on site before the open caisson sinks, and are used for collecting and settling mud water generated in the excavation and sinking processes of each open caisson, clear water obtained by sedimentation in the sedimentation tank is discharged through a guide pipe, and mud settled in the mud pit is transported to a designated place to be stacked.

The control of various parameters in the sinking process of the open caisson is as follows:

one, blade foot height difference control

When the water is drained and sinks, the pot bottom with the height difference of the cutting edge feet is formed and moved more intuitively because no water is used for operation, and the size, depth and plane position of the pot bottom can be effectively changed according to the height difference, so that the height difference of the cutting edge feet is controlled.

Sinking speed control of open caisson

And (3) popping a horizontal line at a measuring point around the outer wall of the shaft, or popping a ruler at four side surfaces on the outer wall of the shaft by using ink lines, and observing the settlement value in time by using a level gauge every 20 mm. The method is mainly carried out according to the following principles:

firstly, when the height difference of the edge feet of the open caisson is not large (within 0.5 percent of the horizontal distance), the sinking speed of the open caisson is higher as better;

secondly, the sinking speed of the open caisson is uniform;

thirdly, when the open caisson sinks in soil layers which are easy to cause sand gushing, such as silt, the sinking speed is increased.

Three, open caisson plane displacement control

The control of the planar displacement of the open caisson is mainly realized by controlling the height difference of the open caisson cutting edge, and if the height difference of the open caisson cutting edge is not large, the planar displacement of the open caisson is easy to control. The relationship between them is not calculated quantitatively, but there are some relations, as follows:

firstly, when the sunk well sinks fast at any angle (namely the cutting edge is lower), the sunk well can shift to any direction;

secondly, when the height difference of the edge foot of the open caisson is large, the open caisson displacement is large;

and thirdly, when the open caisson sinks under the blade foot height difference in the same direction all the time, the open caisson displacement is large.

Concrete analysis of specific conditions is needed in the construction process, and corresponding methods and measures are determined to be adopted.

With continued reference to fig. 6, the open caisson measurement control method is as follows:

a. controlling the position and elevation of the open caisson: the open caisson is characterized in that a longitudinal and transverse cross center line and a leveling base point are arranged on the ground outside the open caisson and the top of the well wall, and the purpose of controlling the position and the elevation of the open caisson is achieved through frequent measurement and rechecking of a theodolite and a leveling instrument.

b. Controlling the verticality of the open caisson: vertical axes are marked in a shaft according to trisections, each suspension wire pendant is aligned with a target plate at the lower part of the suspension wire pendant one by one to control the verticality, and two theodolites are regularly adopted to carry out vertical deviation observation. When the soil is excavated, the verticality of the open caisson should be observed at any time, and when the line drop is 50mm away from the marking plate ink line or the elevations around are inconsistent, correction measures should be taken in time.

c. Controlling the sinking of the open caisson: and (3) popping a horizontal line at a measuring point around the outer wall of the shaft, or popping a ruler at four side surfaces on the outer wall of the shaft by using ink lines, and observing the settlement value in time by using a level gauge every 20 mm.

d. Measurement control measures in the open caisson process: when the open caisson sinks, the position, the perpendicularity and the elevation (a sinking value) of the open caisson are observed, and each work shift is measured at least twice (measured in the shift and after each sinking). When the open caisson is close to the designed bottom elevation, the observation is enhanced, and the ultra-sinking is prevented once every 2 hours.

e. Laying a measurement control net: and setting a measurement control net and a leveling point according to the plane position requirement of a design drawing, positioning and setting out, and determining the axis, the central line and the foundation pit contour line pile position of the open caisson as the basis for manufacturing and sinking positioning of the open caisson.

The protection measures in the sinking process of the open caisson are as follows:

the measures for preventing the sinking of the open caisson from being too fast in the sinking construction process of the open caisson are that when the open caisson sinks, part of earthwork excavated by the excavator is backfilled to the periphery of the well wall and is uniformly filled, so that the frictional resistance when the open caisson sinks is similar and sinks uniformly.

And (3) observing the sinking condition of the open caisson by using a level gauge, stopping the excavator when the center of the open caisson hole is 2m away from the elevation difference, and continuing excavating and sinking if the sinking is not obvious or not after 24 hours of observation. If the sinking is too fast, part of water can be poured into the well and then observed.

When the center of the open caisson hole is 1 meter away from the standard height, stopping the near excavator, observing for 12 hours, and then continuing to excavate soil until the near excavator sinks 30cm away from the standard height, and filling water into the open caisson; if the sinking well sinks too fast by self weight, water is poured into the well immediately.

Secondly, the open caisson can generate sudden sinking or super sinking of the well body when meeting soft soil layers, pumping water for a long time, flowing sand or liquefying soil outside the open caisson, and the prevention measures and the treatment method are as follows:

a. supporting the positioning cushion frame by using a wood stack, and readjusting excavation, wherein the blade does not dig under the foot or does not dig partially;

b. tamping the soil outside the well cylinder to increase the frictional resistance, and filling broken stones for treatment if the soil outside the open caisson is liquefied to generate a virtual pit;

c. the height of each section of the cylinder body is reduced, and the dead weight of the open caisson is reduced.

d. The observation and data analysis in the sinking process are enhanced, and the inclination is found to be corrected in time; backfilling and tamping with sand or gravel in time;

e. soil taking is enhanced on the side with the higher edge, less or no soil is dug on the side with the lower edge, and the soil is taken in layers after the edge is righted;

f. the lower side of the edge leg is properly backfilled with sand stone or stone blocks to delay the sinking speed.

Thirdly, the anti-seepage construction of the open caisson mainly focuses on:

a. the anti-leakage of the well wall template comprises the following specific working steps: water stop split bolt, plastic cushion block installation → installation template → concrete pouring → plastic cushion block removal → bolt cutting → watering wetting → inner and outer side plugging → water proof additional layer → water proof layer and protection → inner decoration surface;

b. the joint parting treatment comprises the following specific work:

firstly, the circumferential ribs at the upper end of the well wall of each section of the open caisson are reinforced by reinforcing steel bars, the sections are required to avoid the opening of the hole, and the section height is required to ensure the stability and operability of the open caisson so that the open caisson can smoothly sink under the dead weight.

Secondly, the formwork at the joint seam is removed cleanly, and no sawdust can be left.

And thirdly, removing cement laitance, loose sand, weak concrete, oil stains and the like on the surfaces of the joints.

Fourthly, removing the hammer, the floating slurry and the oil stain on the surface of the steel bar.

Fifthly, properly roughening the surface of the old concrete.

Sixthly, washing the surface of the old concrete with clear water to keep the new concrete moist before pouring.

And seventhly, before the new concrete is poured, a layer of cement mortar with the thickness of 20-30 mm is paved on the surface of the joint, and the components of the cement mortar are the same as those of the concrete.

And eighthly, finely tamping the concrete at the joint seams.

Ninthly, checking the leakage stoppage condition of the joint at any time in rainy days;

c. well wall maintenance, the concrete work includes: covering the concrete surface and watering and maintaining within 4-6 hours after the concrete is poured, hanging a gunny bag after the side wall mold of the well wall is removed, watering and maintaining, and watering times every day to keep the concrete in a wet state. The watering and curing time is not less than 14 days.

d. The construction of the polymer waterproof mortar comprises the following specific work:

firstly, before the waterproof mortar is smeared, the strength of the base layer concrete and the mortar is not lower than 80 percent of the design value.

Secondly, the base layer is smooth, firm and clean, has no floating dust and sundries and cannot have loose and sunken parts; checking whether leakage points exist or not, and if the leakage points exist, performing leakage stoppage treatment in advance.

Thirdly, before construction, the surface of the base layer needs to be fully wetted by water, and construction can be carried out when no water is accumulated.

And fourthly, stirring the waterproof mortar on site by using a mortar stirrer or a portable electric drill and matching with stirring teeth. The stirring time is prolonged by 2-3 minutes compared with the common mortar, the mortar is firstly stirred for 2 minutes in advance, is stood for 2 minutes and is then stirred for 2 minutes for the second time so as to be fully and uniformly stirred. The mortar is not stirred too much at one time, stirring is carried out according to the plastering speed, and the stirred mortar is used up within 1 hour. In the construction, proper amount of water can be added due to the influence of factors such as environmental temperature, wind power and the like, and the thickness of the mixture is based on the thickness of the mixture mixed in a standard proportion.

Fifthly, strengthening treatment is carried out on the detailed structures such as the root of the pipe, the floor drain opening, the structure corner and the like. A groove with the width and the depth of about 1 cm is preferably cut on the base layer around the root of the pipe, the polymer cement waterproof mortar is coated once after being embedded, and a layer of grid cloth is pressed in. And then polymer cement waterproof mortar plastering is carried out on the surface.

Sixthly, when the waterproof mortar is constructed, the thickness of plastering is consistent. Each plastering layer is tightly attached, and each layer is suitable for continuous construction; if the stubble needs to be left, the step slope-shaped stubble is adopted, but the distance between the male corner and the female corner is 200 mm; the stubble is connected according to the sequence of layers, the lap joint is tight layer by layer, and the lap joint width is not less than 100 mm.

The total thickness of the plastering is determined according to the waterproof grade: 12 mm. The plastering method comprises the steps of surviving for three times, wherein the thickness of each layer of plastering is 4mm, finishing plastering of the first layer, drying to form a film (not less than 5 hours), and then performing plastering of the second layer. And compacting and leveling the surface of the final layer of plastering. The mortar consumption per square meter was about 2.0 kg/mm.

And eighthly, naturally curing the polymer cement waterproof mortar after the polymer cement waterproof mortar is condensed, wherein the curing temperature is not lower than 5 ℃.

12) Cleaning before bottom sealing: the underwater water in the well of the diver 60 cleans the soil layer under the blade foot to form a bottom sealing pot pit. During cleaning, water jetting and mud sucking are alternately carried out, and during cleaning, the mud surface height is controlled and the soil layer under the movable blade is not disturbed excessively so as not to cause sand casting or sinking. The loose soil of the floating mud within the range of the bottom is not more than 10cm during cleaning, and the clay on the well wall and the bottom surface of the partition wall within the height of the bottom sealing cushion layer 70 to be carried out is cleaned as much as possible. The borehole bottom surface elevation is determined by both diver 60 and the survey crew.

If the bottom of the pan is deep, after the floating mud is clear, the block stone and the broken stone are lifted into the well by a crane. The filling of the hollow part is carried out by a diver 60, then the filling is carried out in a large range, and the filling is carried out by filling broken stones and leveling, so as to prevent the concrete from being mixed with mud and reduce the strength of the concrete.

13) Constructing a bottom sealing cushion layer 70: and observing and checking, and performing bottom sealing construction after the stability of the open caisson is confirmed to meet the design and specification. The concrete of the back cushion layer 70 adopts C20 concrete. The diameter of the conduit is 200-300mm, the length of each section is 1-2m, and the sections are connected by flanges to prevent slurry leakage and water leakage. Before use, the pressure test is carried out on the guide pipe with the whole length. The top of the conduit is provided with a concrete mixture funnel with the volume of 0.8-1 cubic meter. The funnel and the guide pipe are hoisted by using hoisting equipment. The lower opening of the conduit is provided with a valve and a piston, the lower opening is hung by a rope or a lead wire from the middle of the conduit and is used for plugging the conduit before pouring. The piston may be made of wood, rubber or steel.

In other embodiments of the present invention, in order to provide sufficient strength and good workability to the concrete poured into the under-water bottom-sealing cushion 70, the materials and the mixing ratio are required to be the same, and the cement is made of ordinary portland cement, no less than 32.5 in designation, and the setting time of the cement is tested. In order to ensure the concrete strength, the water cement ratio is not more than 0.6, the concrete mixture slump is 180-210mm, the coarse aggregate can be pebbles, and the maximum particle size should not exceed 1/8 of the pipe diameter.

The catheter nozzle is lowered to a position 30-50cm away from the surface of the substrate, and the catheter nozzle is easy to block when being too close. The amount of concrete mixture poured into the conduit for the first time is calculated in advance, the poured concrete is required to seal the pipe orifice and be 0.5-1m higher than the pipe orifice, and the top surface of the concrete in the pipe is required to be 2.5m higher than the water surface so as to press the concrete into the water. When the volume and height of the concrete in the pipe meet the requirements, the lead wires are cut off, and the concrete mixture reopens the plug and enters the water. And then, the guide pipe is slowly lifted while the concrete is evenly poured, and the lower opening of the guide pipe is kept above the surface of the concrete all the time, so that the upper layer of concrete and the lower layer of concrete are prevented from being separated by mud, and the pouring quality is prevented from being influenced. After the underwater pouring is finished, the soft part with the thickness of 20cm on the top surface of the bottom sealing cushion layer 70 is removed, anti-floating measures are taken for the bottom sealing cushion layer 70, the sinking height of the open caisson is monitored, and bottom sealing plate construction can be carried out when the sinking is less than 10mm within 8 hours.

With continued reference to fig. 7, preferably, the anti-floating measure for the bottom sealing cushion layer 70 is specifically that four or six steel pipes 80 are embedded when the concrete of the bottom sealing cushion layer 70 is poured, the bottom of each steel pipe 80 extends into the soil layer to be not less than 0.5m, the top of each steel pipe 80 is not lower than the top surface of the open caisson, water in the shaft is led out of the open caisson through the steel pipes 80, and the buoyancy is reduced through pressure relief. Preferably, four steel pipes 80 are embedded when the open caisson is a round well. Preferably, the steel pipe 80 is a national standard drain pipe with a diameter of 100 mm.

14) Construction of a bottom sealing plate: binding reinforcing steel bars, and using a guide pipe to pour concrete once to form the bottom sealing bottom plate, wherein the pouring is symmetrical and synchronous as much as possible, so that the stability of the open caisson is facilitated. The concrete for the bottom sealing plate is C35 concrete, the impermeability strength is p8, and the thickness is 600 mm. And after the concrete pouring of the bottom sealing plate is finished, timely leveling and plastering, covering the straw bags, and watering and maintaining for no less than 14 d.

Preferably, the sequence of pouring the bottom-sealing cushion layer 70 and the bottom-sealing bottom plate is the synchronous construction of the circumferential direction of the shaft first and the central symmetry later. In general, when the sinking coefficient of the open caisson is large, the open caisson is preferably constructed by radiating from the center to the periphery, namely, when the open caisson is stabilized after the bottom sealing of the center, the residual soil and the bottom sealing can be removed from the periphery. When the sinking coefficient of the open caisson is not large and the periphery of the open caisson is basically free of residual soil, the open caisson is constructed from the periphery to the center of the open caisson. The open caisson sealing bottom of the embodiment of the invention is constructed according to the sequence of the well circumference and the center, is symmetrical and synchronous, and is properly adjusted in combination with the conditions of the pot bottom and the residual soil in the well on site.

The inclination deviation of the open caisson can occur in the open caisson process, and the inclination deviation of the open caisson can be corrected by the following two methods:

firstly, high-pressure grouting and jacking are carried out under the bottom sealing plate, namely, grouting pipes (water stop welding sheets) are embedded in the lower part of the bottom sealing plate in advance during the manufacturing of the bottom sealing plate, or drilling and grouting are carried out after concrete of the bottom sealing plate is poured and tamped. And when the strength of the bottom sealing plate concrete reaches the design requirement and is subjected to grouting buoyancy checking calculation, high-pressure cement slurry is injected, the grouting pressure is from low to high, and grouting and observation are carried out simultaneously.

And secondly, flushing water to remove soil under the bottom sealing plate, namely embedding a soil removing steel pipe in the position with higher elevation of the bottom sealing plate and welding a water stop sheet, and flushing the soil with high-pressure water after the concrete of the bottom sealing plate meets the design requirement to form slurry. The two methods can also be applied comprehensively.

15) And constructing other structures in the shaft, constructing buildings and auxiliary facilities at the upper part of the well, and finally backfilling soil.

The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts of the present invention. It should be noted that there are no specific structures but a few objective structures due to the limited character expressions, and that those skilled in the art may make various improvements, decorations or changes without departing from the principle of the invention or may combine the above technical features in a suitable manner; such modifications, variations, combinations, or adaptations of the invention using its spirit and scope, as defined by the claims, may be directed to other uses and embodiments.