阅读说明：本技术 一种测量标尺和检测构件表面裂缝的方法 (Measuring scale and method for detecting surface cracks of component ) 是由 吴善能 李坤 于 2021-08-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请涉及土木结构工程测量仪器及检测应用方法,提出一种测量标尺和检测构件表面裂缝的方法。该申请利用透明卡状标尺上不同宽度的裂缝标线(1)比对识别裂缝宽度,通过不同位置的裂缝宽度变化帮助判断裂缝延伸方向,拍摄记录时可贴放在构件表面用黑白正方形色块(2)作标识,满足土木结构工程试验观测、既有建筑损伤检测及长期使用性能监测需要。在满足精度要求的基础上,与常用裂缝宽度测量设备相比,本申请中的工具标尺轻薄便携,检测方法简单,测量速度快,范围介于0.1-100mm之间,可辅助拍摄记录；与新型裂缝监测设备相比,本申请不需要电源及数据记录传输系统,检测结果稳定可靠,适用于监测结构构件裂缝长期变化趋势。(The application relates to a civil structure engineering measuring instrument and a detection application method, and provides a measuring scale and a method for detecting surface cracks of a component. The crack marking (1) of different widths on the transparent card-shaped scale is compared and the crack width is identified, the crack extending direction is judged by the aid of the change of the crack width at different positions, the crack marking can be pasted on the surface of a component to be marked by a black and white square color block (2) during shooting and recording, and the requirements of civil structure engineering experiment observation, existing building damage detection and long-term use performance monitoring are met. On the basis of meeting the precision requirement, compared with common crack width measuring equipment, the tool ruler is light, thin and portable, the detection method is simple, the measuring speed is high, the range is between 0.1mm and 100mm, and shooting records can be assisted; compared with the novel crack monitoring equipment, the crack monitoring equipment does not need a power supply and a data recording and transmitting system, has stable and reliable detection results, and is suitable for monitoring the long-term change trend of the cracks of the structural member.)

1. A measurement scale, characterized by:

the scale is in a card type shape;

the scale is made of transparent materials;

the upper end of the scale is provided with crack marked lines (1), the width of the crack marked lines is different, and the crack marked lines are used for measuring the surface cracks of the component with the width of 0.1-10 mm;

the lower end of the scale is provided with a scale (3) of millimeter and centimeter and is used for directly measuring a 1-100mm width crack;

a black and white square color block (2) with the thickness of 10 multiplied by 10mm is arranged in the middle of the ruler;

the length of the scale is 2 times the width.

2. A measurement scale according to claim 1, wherein the slit reticle width values on the scale are 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 10.0mm in order from thin to wide.

3. A method for detecting cracks on the surface of a component is characterized by comprising the following steps:

designing a scale as a measuring tool; the scale is the scale of claim 1;

comparing and measuring the width of the crack by using crack marked lines with different widths on the scale and scales of millimeters and centimeters;

and (3) marking lines at the set interval, wherein the marking lines are vertical to the crack direction, the crack width at the positions of 3 marking lines is measured by using a ruler, and the crack extension direction is judged according to the principle from wide to thin.

4. A method of detecting cracks in a surface of a component as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the scale can be carried about and can be repeatedly used; the process of component damage development is determined by comparing the widths of cracks at the same position at different times, the trend of long-term change of the structure is monitored in an assisting manner, and the requirements of laboratory component tests and field house structure detection and monitoring are met.

Technical Field

The application relates to a civil engineering measuring instrument and a detection application method, which are suitable for structural member crack detection and long-term stress performance monitoring.

Background

With the development of urban construction, the basic construction of China has entered the stage of new construction and modification, maintenance and co-operation, in order to ensure that the existing house can be used safely and normally, the service life of the structure is prolonged moderately, the service function of the building is effectively improved, the detection and evaluation of structural components have become the key technology of house maintenance and modification, and the engineering project monitoring has been taken as the necessary technical measure for guaranteeing the construction safety. According to the national standard GBT50344 for detecting the structural structure, detecting the cracks of the structure or the component is an important method for finding out the stress state and the damage degree of the concrete and masonry structures, and is also necessary technical data for recording the test piece damage process in a laboratory. Aiming at each crack visible to the naked eye on the surface of the component, the detection work mainly comprises recording the position and the shape of the crack and measuring the length and the width of the crack. In order to determine the stress and deformation state of the component, the width of 3 cracks is generally required to be measured along the crack direction, the extending direction of the crack is judged according to the principle from wide to thin, the maximum width is the first cracking position, and the measurement result of the maximum width is a key index for evaluating whether the component can be normally used. During engineering monitoring, the crack development rule is generally mastered by observing the crack width change of the same measuring point or installing monitoring equipment.

At present, equipment such as a reading microscope, a crack width gauge and the like are mainly adopted in engineering sites and laboratories to measure cracks with the width of less than 2mm on the surface of a component, and the cracks with larger width can be inspected by a wedge-shaped vernier feeler gauge. In order to monitor the change of the crack width of the set measuring point, a crack monitoring device is installed by a common method of surface adhesion and mechanical anchoring, and the requirements of engineering monitoring can be basically met by matching with regular manual observation or electronic signal acquisition. Recently, with the development of digital image processing and machine vision calibration technologies, methods such as camera monitoring and two-dimensional code crack identification continuously obtain national patent authorization. Although a new measurement method breaks through continuously in theory and new equipment tries continuously in engineering, the distribution positions of cracks on the surface of an actual engineering member are changed, the positions of the cracks and the development of the cracks are uncertain in the loading process of a test piece, and in addition, the use requirements of a special detection patch or equipment meet certain conditions, so that the published method is still limited in use range and cannot be popularized in large areas of engineering. In order to meet the requirements of on-site rapid and low-cost detection, the application provides a measuring scale and a method for measuring the width of a crack on the surface of a component. Through search, the national intellectual property office does not publish similar patents or similar patent applications at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the application is to overcome the defect that the prior art cannot detect and monitor the width of a crack with low cost and high efficiency, and a special detection method is realized through the provided card-shaped transparent scale. Determining measuring points on the crack by adopting a method of scribing at two ends of the scale, determining the width of the crack between 0.1mm and 10mm by comparing crack marking lines of the transparent scale, and measuring the width of the crack over 10mm by using scales of millimeters and centimeters; judging the crack developing direction by measuring the width of the crack at different positions; and recording the development process of the crack by comparing the width change of the same measuring point at different moments. The method is simple, the equipment is portable and easy to use, the method is suitable for the requirement of rapid detection under complex conditions, the cost is low, and the requirements of laboratories and field detection are met.

The purpose of the application can be realized by the following technical scheme:

a measurement scale, characterized by:

the scale is in a card type shape;

the scale is made of transparent materials;

crack marked lines are arranged at the upper end of the scale, and the crack marked lines are different in width and used for measuring cracks on the surface of the component with the width of 0.1-10 mm;

the lower end of the scale is provided with millimeter and centimeter scales for directly measuring 1-100mm width cracks;

a black and white square color block with the size of 10 multiplied by 10mm is arranged in the middle of the ruler;

the length of the scale is 2 times the width.

The scale is transparent so as to compare and identify the crack width; crack marked lines with different widths are arranged on the scale so as to measure fine cracks on the surface of the concrete member to be measured; the scale is provided with millimeter and centimeter scales so as to measure the cracks on the surface of the member to be measured of the masonry; the length of the scale is 2 times the width so that the scale marks at set intervals when detecting.

The widths of the marked lines on the transparent scale are 0.1mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5mm, 1.0mm, 2.0mm, 3.0 mm, 5.0 mm and 10.0mm from thin to wide in sequence, wherein 0.3(0.4) mm is the crack width limit value of the dangerous component of the concrete structure, and the other 0.5mm, 1.0mm and 2.0mm are the crack width limit values of the dangerous component of the masonry structure.

The scale on the transparent scale should have millimeter and centimeter scale in order to mark cracks on large components that are greater than 1.0mm in width.

The length of the transparent scale is 2 times of the width; the vertical upper and lower ends of the vertical ruler can be marked with the length of the crack measuring area, the horizontal ruler is aligned with the lower end of the crack measuring area, and the upper end of the horizontal ruler is the midpoint position of the crack measuring area.

A method of detecting cracks in a surface of a component, comprising:

firstly, designing a scale as a measuring tool; the scale is a card-shaped transparent scale, and crack marked lines with different widths and scales of millimeters and centimeters are arranged on the transparent scale;

secondly, comparing crack marked lines with different widths on the ruler with scales of millimeters and centimeters and measuring the width of the crack;

meanwhile, the mark lines at the set intervals are perpendicular to the crack direction, the crack width of 3 mark lines is measured by a ruler, and the crack extension direction is judged according to the principle from wide to thin.

The scale can be carried about and can be repeatedly used; the process of component damage development is determined by comparing the widths of cracks at the same position at different times, the trend of long-term change of the structure is monitored in an assisting manner, and the requirements of laboratory component tests and field house structure detection and monitoring are met.

Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:

1. this application instrument formula scale is convenient for survey crack width under the complex environment through comparing direct determination component surface crack.

2. The tool type scale is light in weight, can be carried about for use, and does not need auxiliary equipment or a matched power supply. The device is not only suitable for observing the surface cracks of the test piece in a laboratory, but also can be flexibly used for on-site detection and monitoring of a house.

3. This application instrument formula scale can be used to marking off the marking point, is convenient for judge crack extending direction and monitor and set for position crack width variation trend.

4. This application instrument formula scale is portable and used repeatedly. All detected components can adopt the same scale to measure the width of the crack, and errors caused by measurement of different tools are avoided. The scale does not need to be buried in the engineering site in the monitoring stage, and the scale is prevented from being damaged.

5. This application instrument formula scale can attach on the component surface, and the on-the-spot record of shooing of being convenient for is fit for the many complicated operational environment of on-the-spot detection volume.

6. The tool type scale is low in manufacturing cost and reliable in performance. Before the intelligent robot detection and crack digital image recognition technology is not mature, the method for measuring the cracks on the surface of the higher component by adopting the ruler is the most efficient detection method.

Compared with the commonly used crack measuring equipment and the published patent technical scheme, the crack measuring device has the following advantages:

1) compared with a large number of optical reading microscopes, the tool type scale is light, thin and portable, and the size and the weight of the tool type scale are far smaller than those of the microscopes; the scale can be directly compared to determine the width of the crack, the focal length does not need to be adjusted, and auxiliary illumination is not needed.

2) Compared with various crack width gauges, the tool type scale can directly measure the crack width at the scribing position without frequently adjusting the position and the angle of a camera of the width gauge; the scale is light and thin portable, does not need to carry portable power source's equipment, is convenient for work under narrow and complicated environment.

3) Compare with SMD crack monitoring system, this application instrument formula scale can remove after measuring, need not paste the paster on the component surface, has avoided the impaired destruction of long-term monitoring in-process paster. In addition, the method is different from a house wall crack patch and a house crack monitoring method (CN108180813) in that a magnifying glass is not required to be arranged on the patch; the crack width increment is measured and calculated without a mechanical turntable or a turntable corner, so that the monitoring deformation range is larger; compared with a hairspring with a 1mm distance on a reading sticking card (CN210981113U) for crack monitoring, the tool type scale has the reading precision reaching 0.1mm and can meet the evaluation requirement of concrete dangerous members.

4) Compare with installation formula crack monitoring patent technical scheme, this application instrument formula scale does not need the anchor, avoids the installation to destroy the component, reduces the nail anchor and arouses the risk of component surface fracture, and width measurement direction is perpendicular with the crack, reduces the installation deviation. In addition, the device and the method are different from a 'concrete member crack width qualitative and quantitative monitoring device and method' (CN109883292A) in that expansion bolts or epoxy resin anchoring points are not needed to be used on two sides of the crack, and a dial indicator is not needed to measure and read the converted crack increment; the method is mainly different from a concrete structure crack width monitoring ruler (CN208432189U) in that a vernier auxiliary ruler is not needed to measure and read the crack width change, so that the influence of environmental action on the monitoring result is avoided.

5) Compared with the technical scheme of photoelectric crack monitoring, the tool type scale does not need to install image sensing equipment on the surface of a component (crack change monitoring device, CN110261383A), and does not need to set wire pulling points on two sides of a crack (intelligent wire pulling crack monitoring instrument, CN210108203U), and the measurement precision and the sensitivity are far higher than those of an electric measurement method (a novel crack width monitoring instrument, CN209459615U), so that the adverse effect of weather conditions on outdoor laser ranging can be reduced (a digital surface crack monitoring device and a detection method thereof, CN108168452A), and the interference of environmental dust on crack monitoring data is avoided (a contact type image sensor and a crack change monitoring device, CN 210922515U).

6) Compared with the photogrammetry type patent technical scheme, the tool type scale is simple and easy to use, and can be used immediately after being trained by common technicians. The crack digital image recognition technology needs to be continuously developed by combining with artificial intelligence development (a building crack recognition and recognition effect optimization method based on deep learning, CN111223086A), and the crack width can be obtained only by subsequent calculation processing after two-dimensional code measurement (a method for identifying the crack width based on machine vision calibration two-dimensional code, CN 110675367A).

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a scale for measuring the width of a crack on the surface of a component;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a general crack width detection method;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a width detection method when a crack propagates to the edge of a member;

reference numerals:

1-crack marked line, 2-square color block, 3-millimeter and centimeter scale,

4-the central mark line of the widest part of the crack, 5-the first mark line, 6-the second mark line, 7-the common crack, 10-the third mark line, 11-the fourth mark line, 12-the edge of the component, and 13-the crack extending to the edge of the component.

A-the position of the scale laid horizontally for the first time, B-the position of the scale laid horizontally for the second time, C-the position of the scale laid vertically

Detailed Description

The application provides a measuring scale and a method for measuring the width of a crack on the surface of a component. The scale is a transparent caliper and is provided with crack marked lines with different widths and millimeter and centimeter scales. The drawing fixed points are clear, and the comparison method is direct, so that the stress performance of the component can be evaluated; on the basis of meeting the detection and monitoring precision, the requirements of laboratory and engineering field detection can be efficiently solved with low cost.

Preferably, the scale is provided with crack marked lines with different widths and millimeter and centimeter scales, the marked lines can be compared by naked eyes and used for measuring the cracks on the surface of the component with the width of 0.1-10mm, and the scales can directly measure the cracks with the width of 1-100 mm.

Preferably, the scale is made of a transparent material. During measurement, the side printed with the marked line and the ruler is tightly attached to the surface of the component to reduce parallax error.

Preferably, the scale is in a card-type shape; on the premise of meeting the rigidity requirement during scribing, the thickness is reduced as much as possible, and the parallax error is reduced.

Preferably, the scale profile has a length twice the width. When marking 3 measuring points along the crack direction, marking lines with equal spacing can be directly marked along the length direction and the width direction.

Preferably, the scale has a millimeter and centimeter scale. After the crack width exceeds 1mm, the millimeter scale can directly measure the crack width (the estimated reading precision is 0.5 mm). When the length of the crack exceeds the length of the scale, the centimeter scale can help to divide the measuring points on the crack.

Preferably, the scale is provided with a black and white square color block of 10 × 10 mm. When shooting and recording, the scale can be placed on the surface of a test piece, and the two color blocks with obvious contrast can mark the sizes in two directions in a picture, so that the crack information can be conveniently measured and read.

The present application will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples. The present embodiment is implemented by taking the ruler of the present application as a tool, and a detailed implementation and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present application is not limited to the following embodiments.

Example 1: detection of common crack width

In a laboratory or a construction site, in order to measure the width of cracks occurring during test loading or on the surface of a construction site, the present embodiment can be used according to the following steps:

(1) finding a macroscopic crack on the surface of the component, measuring the length of the crack, and finding a measuring point with the largest width along the crack developing direction;

(2) according to the figure 2, a scale is transversely placed, is perpendicular to the direction of the vertical crack, and is used for marking a central marking line 4 at the widest position of the crack along the scale at the measuring point with the largest width;

(3) keeping the scale immovable on the surface of the member, and marking a first marking 5 along the other side of the scale;

(4) the scale is moved upwards to the position of the dotted line, the lower side of the scale is aligned with the original middle line, and a second scale line 6 is marked along the upper side of the scale;

(5) at the three marking positions, visually selecting the marking line with the closest width on the scale, pasting the marking line on the surface of the component along the crack direction for comparison, and marking the closest crack width reading at the measuring point position on the surface of the component;

(6) marking the number of the component on the edge of the crack, attaching a ruler on the surface of the component, selecting a proper position, and shooting and recording the shape of the whole crack and the width values of the three measuring points.

Example 2: width detection when crack develops to component edge

For cracks appearing at the edge of the member, as shown in fig. 3, the inspection process of this example is the same as that of example 1 except that: vertically placing the scale, perpendicular to the direction of the vertical crack, and marking a third marking line 10 at a measuring point position which is 10mm close to the edge of the bottom along the scale; keeping the vertical scale immovable on the surface of the member, and marking a fourth marking line 11 along the other side of the scale; the widths of the cracks at the upper and lower points are measured and recorded.

Example 3: monitoring of cracks

In order to monitor the trend of crack development, the detection process of this example is the same as that of example 1, except that:

(1) during the first monitoring, in the embodiment 1, when the step (1) is implemented, lines are simultaneously drawn at two ends of the crack so as to clarify the starting and stopping positions and the initial length of the crack at the beginning;

(2) at set time, according to the steps (5) and (6) of the embodiment 1, measuring the crack width of the same crack at each measuring point of the component again, and obtaining the crack width value and the change trend thereof;

(3) and detecting the lengths of the two ends of the crack at set time to obtain the extension change trend of the crack.