阅读说明：本技术 一种大穗、大粒小麦种子的育种方法 (Breeding method of large-ear and large-grain wheat seeds ) 是由 程魁 于 2021-09-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于小麦育种技术领域,具体为一种大穗、大粒小麦种子的育种方法,该大穗、大粒小麦种子的育种方法包括低茎麦种的基因突变、低茎麦种的定向培育、大穗麦种和大粒麦种的杂交、易倒伏大穗大粒麦种的选取、易倒伏大穗大粒麦种和新型低茎麦种的杂交以及新型抗倒伏大穗大粒麦种的选取,通过辐照使得低茎麦种的基因发生突变,进而可以获得麦茎更矮的小麦,随后将其与易倒伏大穗大粒麦种进行杂交,可以获得新型抗倒伏大穗大粒麦种,通过降低麦茎高度,可以使大穗、大粒小麦重新获取抗倒伏的能力。(The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding big ears and big grain wheat seeds, which comprises gene mutation of low-stem wheat seeds, directional culture of low-stem wheat seeds, hybridization of big ear wheat seeds and big grain wheat seeds, selection of easily lodging big ear and big grain wheat seeds, hybridization of easily lodging big ear and big grain wheat seeds and novel low-stem wheat seeds, and selection of novel lodging-resistant big ear and big grain wheat seeds.)

1. A breeding method of big ear and big grain wheat seeds is characterized in that: the breeding method of the large-ear and large-grain wheat seeds comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: selecting low-stem wheat seeds, placing the low-stem wheat seeds into an X-ray source for irradiation treatment to obtain primary low-stem wheat seeds, then cultivating the primary low-stem wheat seeds to obtain primary low-stem wheat, then carrying out cross breeding on the primary low-stem wheat seeds to obtain second-generation low-stem wheat seeds, and then cultivating the second-generation low-stem wheat seeds to obtain second-generation low-stem wheat;

step two: selecting wheat with the stem height of 50-60 cm from second-generation low-stem wheat, performing self-breeding, then performing directional cultivation until the progeny of the wheat is not subjected to character separation, and then taking wheat seeds bred by the wheat with the stem height of 50-60 cm in the wheat as novel low-stem wheat seeds;

step three: selecting big ear wheat seeds and big grain wheat seeds for cultivation, then carrying out cross breeding on the big ear wheat seeds, and obtaining first generation big ear and big grain wheat seeds, then carrying out self breeding on the first generation big ear and big grain wheat seeds, then cultivating the first generation big ear and big grain wheat seeds to obtain second generation big ear and big grain wheat, and selecting the wheat with the ear length of more than 20cm and the dry weight of more than 45g from the second generation big ear and big grain wheat as third generation big ear and big grain wheat seeds;

step four: cultivating the third-generation large-ear large-grain wheat seeds, and then carrying out selfing breeding to obtain the lodging-prone large-ear large-grain wheat seeds;

step five: cultivating the lodging-resistant large-ear large-grain wheat seeds and the novel low-stem wheat seeds, then carrying out hybrid breeding to obtain the novel primary wheat seeds, then cultivating the novel primary wheat seeds, then carrying out self-breeding and cultivating the same, and then using the wheat seeds cultivated by the wheat with the ear length of more than 20cm, the dry weight of the wheat seeds of more than 45g and the stem height of 50-60 cm in the wheat as the novel lodging-resistant large-ear large-grain wheat seeds.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the irradiation condition in the first step is that the irradiation dose rate is 15Gy/min, the irradiation distance is 25cm, and the irradiation time is 3 min.

3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the second step, when the heights of all the wheat stalks in the second-generation low-stalk wheat are more than 60cm or less than 50cm, repeating the first step until the wheat stalks in the second-generation low-stalk wheat are 50-60 cm high.

4. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the breeding process of the novel lodging-resistant large-ear large-grain wheat seeds, the breeding temperature of wheat is 12-16 ℃, the illumination intensity is 2000Lx, and the illumination time per day is 12.5 h.

5. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the breeding process of the novel low-stem wheat seeds, the planting density of the wheat is 144-169 cm²A strain ofIn the breeding process of the easy-lodging big-ear big-grain wheat seeds, the planting density of the wheat is 256-289 cm²The planting density of the novel lodging-resistant large-ear large-grain wheat seeds is 225-256 cm in the breeding process²Strain/strain.

6. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: after the breeding of the novel lodging-resistant large-ear large-grain wheat seeds is completed, the novel lodging-resistant large-ear large-grain wheat seeds are cultivated, and during cultivation, the planting density of wheat is 144-289 cm²Strain/strain.

7. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the selection process of the novel lodging-resistant large-ear large-grain wheat seeds, the length of the wheat ears is 20-25 cm, and the dry weight of the wheat grains is close to 45-50 g.

8. A method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the type of the low-stem wheat seeds is Panmai 803, the type of the big-ear wheat seeds is Jingmai 9, and the type of the big-grain wheat seeds is Mesojou 875.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of wheat breeding, in particular to a breeding method of large-ear and large-grain wheat seeds.

Background

Wheat breeding refers to the purposeful and planned acquisition of new wheat varieties required by people by using gene recombination (excellent characters are separated or various excellent characters are gathered together through gene separation, free combination or linkage exchange) according to own wishes. Common excellent properties of wheat comprise big ear, big grain, dense ear, disease resistance, lodging resistance and the like, and the excellent properties can improve the yield of the wheat. The large-spike wheat has few spikes, large corresponding field gaps, and is beneficial to ventilation of wheat, so that the wheat has fewer diseases in the growing season, and the dense-spike wheat has more spikes, is dense in the field and is easy to cause diseases in the later period; and the large ear type wheat stalks have low lodging resistance and strong lodging resistance, and the dense ear type wheat stalks are high and easy to lodging. Therefore, the big ear type wheat seeds are more popular with growers at the present stage.

The existing wheat with big ears and big grains reaches a certain standard, and along with the increase of wheat grains and wheat ears, when air flows, the wheat is easy to blow down, so that the lodging phenomenon occurs, and the lodging of the wheat can reduce the yield of the wheat, so that the wheat needs to be re-bred, the height of wheat straws is reduced, and the wheat with big ears and big grains has the characteristic of lodging resistance again.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a breeding method of big ear and big grain wheat seeds, which solves the problem that the height of the wheat straw of the existing big ear and big grain wheat is higher in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a breeding method of big ear and big grain wheat seeds comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: selecting low-stem wheat seeds, placing the low-stem wheat seeds into an X-ray source for irradiation treatment to obtain primary low-stem wheat seeds, then cultivating the primary low-stem wheat seeds to obtain primary low-stem wheat, then carrying out cross breeding on the primary low-stem wheat seeds to obtain second-generation low-stem wheat seeds, and then cultivating the second-generation low-stem wheat seeds to obtain second-generation low-stem wheat;

step two: selecting wheat with the stem height of 50-60 cm from second-generation low-stem wheat, performing self-breeding, then performing directional cultivation until the progeny of the wheat is not subjected to character separation, and then taking wheat seeds bred by the wheat with the stem height of 50-60 cm in the wheat as novel low-stem wheat seeds;

step three: selecting big ear wheat seeds and big grain wheat seeds for cultivation, then carrying out cross breeding on the big ear wheat seeds, and obtaining first generation big ear and big grain wheat seeds, then carrying out self breeding on the first generation big ear and big grain wheat seeds, then cultivating the first generation big ear and big grain wheat seeds to obtain second generation big ear and big grain wheat, and selecting the wheat with the ear length of more than 20cm and the dry weight of more than 45g from the second generation big ear and big grain wheat as third generation big ear and big grain wheat seeds;

step four: cultivating the third-generation large-ear large-grain wheat seeds, and then carrying out selfing breeding to obtain the lodging-prone large-ear large-grain wheat seeds;

step five: cultivating the lodging-resistant large-ear large-grain wheat seeds and the novel low-stem wheat seeds, then carrying out hybrid breeding to obtain the novel primary wheat seeds, then cultivating the novel primary wheat seeds, then carrying out self-breeding and cultivating the same, and then using the wheat seeds cultivated by the wheat with the ear length of more than 20cm, the dry weight of the wheat seeds of more than 45g and the stem height of 50-60 cm in the wheat as the novel lodging-resistant large-ear large-grain wheat seeds.

Preferably, the irradiation condition in the first step is that the irradiation dose rate is 15Gy/min, the irradiation distance is 25cm, and the irradiation time is 3 min.

Preferably, in the second step, when the heights of all the wheat stalks in the second generation of low-stalk wheat are more than 60cm or less than 50cm, the first step is repeated until the wheat stalks in the second generation of low-stalk wheat have the heights of 50-60 cm.

Preferably, in the breeding process of the novel lodging-resistant large-ear large-grain wheat seeds, the breeding temperature of wheat is 12-16 ℃, the illumination intensity is 2000Lx, and the illumination time per day is 12.5 h.

Preferably, the planting density of the wheat is 144-169 cm in the breeding process of the novel low-stem wheat seeds²The planting density of wheat is 256-289 cm in the breeding process of the easily lodging big ear big grain wheat seeds²The planting density of the novel lodging-resistant large-ear large-grain wheat seeds is 225-256 cm in the breeding process²Strain/strain.

Preferably, the novel lodging-resistant large-ear large-grain wheat seeds are cultivated after the breeding is finished, and the planting density of the wheat is 144-289 cm during cultivation²Strain/strain.

Preferably, in the selection process of the novel lodging-resistant large-ear large-grain wheat seeds, the length of the wheat ears is 20-25 cm, and the dry weight of the wheat grains is close to 45-50 g.

Preferably, the type of the low-stem wheat is Panmai 803, the type of the big-ear wheat is Jingmai 9, and the type of the big-grain wheat is Mesojou 875.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) the gene of the wheat with low stem is mutated through irradiation, so that the wheat with shorter stem can be obtained, and then the wheat is hybridized with the wheat with big ear and grain which are easy to fall down, so that a novel lodging-resistant big ear and grain can be obtained, and the lodging-resistant capability of the big ear and grain can be obtained again by reducing the height of the wheat stem;

2) compared with the traditional gamma ray-induced mutation of the seed gene, the X ray can also induce the seed gene to generate mutation, and the X ray is less harmful to human bodies.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a table showing the cultivation conditions of the novel low-stem wheat seeds of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a table showing the cultivation conditions of the easy-to-fall large-ear large-grain wheat seeds of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a table showing the cultivation conditions of the novel lodging-resistant large-ear large-grain wheat seeds of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a table showing the planting density of the novel lodging-resistant large-ear large-grain wheat seeds of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a table showing the fineness of the novel lodging-resistant large ear and large grain wheat seeds of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-5, the present invention provides a technical solution: a breeding method of big ear and big grain wheat seeds comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: selecting low-stem wheat seeds, placing the low-stem wheat seeds into an X-ray source for irradiation treatment, so that primary low-stem wheat seeds can be obtained, then cultivating the primary low-stem wheat seeds, so that primary low-stem wheat can be obtained, and compared with high stem, low-stem wheat in the wheat is recessive gene, so that the wheat stalks of the primary low-stem wheat are all higher, then carrying out cross breeding on the primary low-stem wheat, so that secondary low-stem wheat seeds can be obtained, then cultivating the secondary low-stem wheat seeds, so that secondary low-stem wheat can be obtained, the shape of the filial generation can be separated, and the wheat stalks of the secondary low-stem wheat can be different in height;

step two: selecting wheat with the stem height of 50-60 cm from second-generation low-stem wheat, wherein the wheat is not beneficial to the harvest of the wheat due to too low wheat stem, the lodging resistance of the wheat is weakened due to too high wheat stem, carrying out self-breeding, then carrying out directional culture on the wheat, namely, selecting wheat with the stem height of 50-60 cm in the later generation to perform selfing breeding again until the later generation does not have character separation, since the progeny of homozygote will not produce trait segregation, homozygote and heterozygote can be distinguished, gene mutation caused by irradiation will inherit several generations, that is, the gene of the wheat seed in several generations is easy to generate gene mutation, and the gene of the wheat seed can be stabilized by multi-generation cultivation, then, using wheat seeds bred by the wheat with the height of the wheat stem of 50-60 cm in the wheat as novel low-stem wheat seeds, wherein the novel low-stem wheat seeds are homozygotes;

step three: selecting big ear wheat seeds and big grain wheat seeds for cultivation, then carrying out cross breeding on the big ear wheat seeds, and being capable of primarily generating big ear and big grain wheat seeds, then cultivating the primarily generated big ear and big grain wheat seeds to obtain primarily generated big ear and big grain wheat, wherein big ears and big grains in the wheat are recessive genes relative to small ears and small grains, so that the primarily generated big ear and big grain wheat as heterozygote also needs to be bred again, carrying out self breeding on the primarily generated big ear and big grain wheat, then cultivating the wheat to obtain the second generation big ear and big grain wheat, and because of the character separation, the second generation big ear and big grain wheat can generate big ear and big grain, small ear and small grain and small ear, and wheat, at the moment, selecting wheat with ear length more than 20cm and dry grain weight more than 45g from the second generation big ear and big grain wheat as the third generation big ear and big grain wheat, wherein the wheat refers to the total weight of 30 grains in the wheat plant at random, at the moment, the length of the wheat ear is more than 20cm, and the dry weight of the wheat grain is more than 45g, namely the wheat with large ear and large grain is taken as homozygote, and the characteristic separation of the progeny of the wheat can not be generated under the normal state;

step four: cultivating the third-generation large-ear large-grain wheat seeds, and then carrying out selfing breeding to obtain the lodging-prone large-ear large-grain wheat seeds;

step five: cultivating the lodging-prone big ear big grain wheat seeds and the novel low stem wheat seeds, then carrying out cross breeding, obtaining the novel wheat seeds of the first generation, wherein the novel wheat seeds of the first generation are heterozygotes, then cultivating the novel wheat seeds of the first generation, then carrying out self breeding and cultivating the novel wheat seeds, then cultivating the novel lodging-resistant big ear big grain wheat seeds by using the wheat seeds bred by the wheat with the ear length of the wheat being more than 20cm, the dry weight of the wheat grains being more than 45g and the height of the wheat stem being 50-60 cm, wherein the characters are invisible genes, and the wheat with the three characters is homozygote.

The irradiation condition of the first step is that the irradiation dose rate is 15Gy/min, the irradiation distance is 25cm, and the irradiation time is 3 min.

In the second step, when the heights of all the wheat stalks in the second-generation low-stalk wheat are more than 60cm or less than 50cm, repeating the first step until the wheat stalks in the second-generation low-stalk wheat are 50-60 cm in height, and the genetic mutation has an anisotropy, so that the step may need to be repeated for many times.

In the breeding process of the novel lodging-resistant large-ear large-grain wheat seeds, the breeding temperature of wheat is 12-16 ℃, the illumination intensity is 2000Lx, and the illumination time per day is 12.5 h.

The novel low-stem wheat seeds are planted in the breeding process, the planting density of the wheat is 144-169 cm 2/plant, the novel low-stem wheat seeds are less shielded by sunlight, the planting area can be reduced by improving the density, the lodging-resistant big-ear big-grain wheat seeds are planted in the breeding process, the planting density of the wheat is 256-289 cm 2/plant, the novel lodging-resistant big-ear big-grain wheat seeds are planted in the breeding process, the planting density of the wheat is 225-256 cm 2/plant, both the lodging-resistant big-ear big-grain wheat seeds and the lodging-resistant big-grain wheat seeds need more sunlight, and therefore the planting is sparse.

After the breeding of the novel lodging-resistant large-ear large-grain wheat seeds is completed, the novel lodging-resistant large-ear large-grain wheat seeds are cultivated, the planting density of the wheat is 144-289 cm 2/plant during cultivation, and the optimal planting density of the large-ear large-grain wheat seeds are determined through multiple groups of experiments.

In the selection process of the novel lodging-resistant large-ear large-grain wheat seeds, the length of the ear is 20-25 cm, the dry weight of the wheat grains is close to 45-50 g, the wheat is prone to lodging due to too long ear or too large dry weight of the wheat grains, and meanwhile when the length of the ear is larger than 25cm or the dry weight of the wheat grains is larger than 50g, gene mutation of the wheat possibly occurs in the natural environment, the wheat is not selected at the moment, and heterozygote wheat can be prevented from being mixed into homozygote wheat.

The model of the low-stem wheat is Panmai 803, the model of the big-ear wheat is Jingmai 9, and the model of the big-grain wheat is Mesogen 875.

The first figure is a table of cultivation conditions of novel low-stem wheat seeds, 100 low-stem wheat seeds are selected for irradiation treatment, 50 wheat seeds do not sprout, the height of 45 germinated wheat straws is normal height, the height of 5 germinated wheat straws is higher, then 45 germinated wheat is subjected to cross breeding to obtain second-generation low-stem wheat seeds, 100 second-generation low-stem wheat seeds are selected for cultivation, 59 wheat seeds in the second-generation low-stem wheat seeds sprout and grow, the height of the wheat stems is 50-60 cm, then selfing breeding is performed on the wheat seeds to obtain third-generation low-stem wheat seeds, then 100 third-generation low-stem wheat seeds are selected for cultivation, and the rest can be done until seven-generation low-stem wheat seeds grow, the bred wheat seeds do not have character separation at the moment, and the wheat seeds grown by the seven-generation low-stem wheat seeds are subjected to selfing breeding to obtain the novel low-stem wheat seeds;

FIG. 2 is a table of cultivation conditions of lodging-prone large-ear large-grain wheat seeds, wherein the large-ear wheat seeds and the large-grain wheat seeds are subjected to cross breeding to obtain primary large-ear large-grain wheat seeds, then 100 primary large-ear large-grain wheat seeds are randomly selected, selfing breeding is performed to obtain second-generation large-grain wheat seeds, at the moment, the second-generation large-grain wheat seeds with 100 wheat ears of 20-25 cm in length and wheat grain dry weight of 45-50 g are selected for cultivation and selfing breeding until four-generation asexual separation conditions are reached, and then the wheat seeds are taken as lodging-prone large-ear large-grain wheat seeds;

FIG. 3 is a table showing the cultivation status of novel lodging-resistant large-ear large-grain wheat seeds, which is to perform crossbreeding on lodging-resistant large-ear large-grain wheat seeds and novel low-stem wheat seeds to obtain primary novel wheat seeds, then randomly select 100 primary novel wheat seeds for selfing to obtain second-generation novel wheat seeds, then select 100 wheat seeds from the second-generation novel wheat seeds, wherein the ear length is 20-25 cm, the dry weight of the wheat seeds is 45-50 g, and the stem height is 50-60 cm, and perform cultivation and selfing until the four-generation asexual segregation situation, and then use the wheat seeds as novel lodging-resistant large-ear large-grain wheat seeds;

FIG. 4 is a table showing the planting density of novel lodging-resistant big ear and big grain wheat seeds, and it can be seen from the table that the planting density is 196-225 cm²The yield per mu can reach the highest when the wheat is planted per plant, and the yield per mu can reach 541-579 kg;

FIG. 5 is a subdivision table of novel lodging-resistant big-ear big-grain wheat seeds, wherein group A shows that the dry weight of wheat grains is 45-47.5 g, the height of wheat stem is 50-55 cm, group B shows that the dry weight of wheat grains is 45-47.5 g, the height of wheat stem is 55-60 cm, group C shows that the dry weight of wheat grains is 47.5-50 g, the height of wheat stem is 50-55 cm, group D shows that the dry weight of wheat grains is 47.5-50 g, the height of wheat stem is 55-60 cm, the planting density of four groups of wheat is 196-225 cm, and the planting density of A, B, C, D is respectively²Strain/strain.

While there have been shown and described the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and advantages thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof; the present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.