阅读说明：本技术 一种基于超声波的油页岩颗粒破碎装置 (Oil shale particle crushing device based on ultrasonic waves ) 是由 杨双春 郑佳冰 潘一 张金辉 李沼萱 娄旭 李晋 贺泓瑞 翟征博 庞皓天 于 2021-08-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明设计了一种基于超声波的油页岩颗粒破碎装置,包括超声波发生器集合仓,超声波联合高频切削齿破碎仓,油页岩颗粒储料仓及油页岩颗粒“V”形出料区,破碎仓内振协板背板接受超声波发生器、位移放大器高频电信号的驱动,压电陶瓷换能器从而产生高频震动,六组振协板齿槽配合破碎仓内切削轮与切削叶片,块状油页岩同时受到超声波能量冲击与叶片切削强应力,油页岩颗粒疲劳损伤积累,可实现块状油页岩粒径逐级减小,油页岩颗粒储料仓下端配合重力感受器,“V”形出料仓实现不间断出料,本发明优化油页岩破碎效果、提升油页岩破碎效率。(The invention designs an oil shale particle crushing device based on ultrasonic waves, which comprises an ultrasonic generator collecting bin, an ultrasonic wave combined high-frequency cutting tooth crushing bin, an oil shale particle storage bin and an oil shale particle V-shaped discharging area, wherein a vibration assisting plate back plate in the crushing bin is driven by high-frequency electric signals of an ultrasonic generator and a displacement amplifier, a piezoelectric ceramic transducer generates high-frequency vibration, six groups of vibration assisting plate tooth grooves are matched with a cutting wheel and a cutting blade in the crushing bin, massive oil shale is simultaneously subjected to ultrasonic energy impact and blade cutting strong stress, fatigue damage accumulation of oil shale particles can realize gradual reduction of the particle size of the massive oil shale, the lower end of the oil shale particle storage bin is matched with a gravity sensor, and the V-shaped discharging bin realizes uninterrupted discharging.)

1. An oil shale particle crushing device based on ultrasonic waves comprises a block-shaped oil shale feeding area (1), a crushing bin fixing protective shell (2), an ultrasonic generator collecting bin (3), an ultrasonic wave combined high-frequency cutting tooth crushing bin (4), an oil shale particle storage bin (5), an oil shale particle V-shaped discharging area (6), a dustproof baffle (7), an energy converter shell (8), a power supply lead (9), a vibration assisting plate (10), a crushing cutting wheel (11), cutting blades (12), an ultrasonic generator (13), a feeding channel (14), an annular lead channel (15), an ultrasonic exciter (16), a displacement amplifier (17), a piezoelectric ceramic energy converter (18), a first tooth groove (19), a second tooth groove (20), a filter sieve plate (21), a storage bin shell (22), a gravity sensor (23) and a V-shaped discharging bin (24), the device is characterized in that an opening and closing dustproof baffle (7) is arranged at the straight part of the lower end of a feeding channel (14) of the block-shaped oil shale feeding area (1); the upper disc of the crushing bin fixing protective shell (2) is fixed with an oil shale feeding area (1), and the lower disc of the crushing bin fixing protective shell is fixed with an ultrasonic generator collecting bin (3); six groups of ultrasonic generators are arranged in the ultrasonic generator collection bin (3).

2. The ultrasonic-based oil shale particle fracturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic generator set bin (3) is fixed with an ultrasonic and high-frequency cutting tooth crushing bin (4) on the lower disc, and a power supply lead (9) and an annular lead channel (15) are embedded in a transducer shell (8) to convert and transmit high-frequency electric signals; an ultrasonic exciter (16) is internally tangent to the annular lead channel (15); a displacement amplifier (17) is arranged on the 3/4 spherical vertical section of the ultrasonic exciter (16); the tail ends of a group of vibrating needles of the displacement amplifier (17) are fixed with piezoelectric ceramic transducers (18); the inner wall of the transducer shell (8) is provided with six groups of vibration assisting plates (10), a piezoelectric ceramic transducer (18) is embedded in the back plate, a first tooth groove (19) and a second tooth groove (20) are arranged on the front surface of the transducer shell, the first tooth groove (19) end of each vibration assisting plate (10) is fixed on the wall surface of the transducer shell (8), and the second tooth groove end (20) is a free end; a crushing and cutting wheel (11) is fixed on the middle shaft of the ultrasonic wave combined high-frequency cutting tooth crushing bin (4), and a cutting blade (12) is fixed on the main shaft of the crushing and cutting wheel (11).

3. The ultrasonic-based oil shale particle fracturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: a filter sieve plate (21) is arranged at the bottom of the ultrasonic wave combined high-frequency cutting tooth crushing bin (4); an oil shale particle storage bin (5) is arranged below the filter sieve plate (21); a gravity sensor (23) is arranged below the space of the oil shale particle storage bin (5); the bottom of the oil shale particle storage bin (5) is connected with a V-shaped discharging bin (24).

4. The ultrasonic-based oil shale particle fracturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic generator set bin (3) is fixed on the lower disc of the crushing bin fixing protective shell (2), the ultrasonic exciter (16) is embedded in the transducer shell (8), and the transducer shell (8) transmits high-frequency electric signals along the embedded power supply wire (9) and the annular wire channel (15).

5. The ultrasonic-based oil shale particle fracturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: six groups of vibration assisting plates (10) are arranged on the inner wall surface of the transducer shell (8); the vibration assisting plate back plate is supported by the displacement amplifier (17), and the ultrasonic exciter (16) is connected with the displacement amplifier (17) to play a pushing role.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of oil shale pyrolysis, in particular to a technical method for crushing and feeding particles before oil shale pyrolysis based on ultrasonic waves.

Background

The oil shale is an important unconventional oil and gas resource in China, and the development and utilization of the oil shale have great significance for relieving the problem of energy shortage in China. During the pyrolysis of the oil shale particles, gas products diffuse inside the particles and secondary reactions occur, and the process is influenced by the particle size of the particles. The cracking device for optimizing the oil shale raw material improves the cracking reaction condition of the oil shale, has important significance for improving the yield and the quality of products, the particle size of particles is one of important parameters influencing the pyrolysis process, the temperature rise rate of the particles can be influenced even the volatilization analysis rate of the particles, and further the whole pyrolysis process is influenced. Generally, the smaller the particle size of the sample, the greater the heat transfer coefficient, and the more pyrolysis is favored.

The ultrasonic crushing technology has the characteristic of high vibration frequency (up to 20 kHz), resonance can be generated when the excitation frequency is close to the natural frequency of the oil shale and reaches the same frequency, the strength of the oil shale is sharply reduced under the action of ultrasonic vibration load, the expansion efficiency of original cracks of the oil shale is increased, and the damage is increased; the piezoelectric ceramic material can effectively drive the vibration assisting plate to vibrate axially at high frequency, and the oil shale crushing energy is greatly improved. The traditional mechanical crushing device has the outstanding defects of low speed, large abrasion, incomplete crushing and the like, so that the combined ultrasonic impact crushing device is provided, the requirement of ultrasonic crushing on cutting is lower than that of the conventional technology, the average cutting force of ultrasonic vibration cutting is 20.5 percent less than that of conventional cutting, the oil shale particle crushing can be more thorough, the crushing efficiency is improved, the abrasion of mechanical cutting blades is reduced, and meanwhile the protection of the device is realized.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an oil shale particle crushing device based on ultrasonic waves.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

the oil shale particle crushing device based on ultrasonic waves comprises a massive oil shale feeding area, a crushing bin fixing and protecting shell, an ultrasonic generator collecting bin, an ultrasonic wave combined high-frequency cutting and crushing bin, a powdery particle storage bin and an oil shale particle V-shaped discharging area; an opening and closing dustproof baffle is arranged on the straight part of the lower end of a feeding channel of the massive oil shale, the feeding channel is opened and closed downwards under the action of particle gravity in the feeding process, and the feeding channel is automatically closed when standing is finished, so that fine particle powder in a crushing bin is prevented from overflowing; six groups of ultrasonic generators are fixed on the lower plate of the crushing bin protective shell, each group of ultrasonic generators is vertically downwards connected with an ultrasonic exciter through a cable along the shell of the transducer, and a numerical control power supply in the crushing bin protective shell generates a high-frequency alternating current signal through the ultrasonic generators to drive the ultrasonic transducers to generate high-frequency vibration; the crushing bin is provided with a cutting wheel, cutting blades, an ultrasonic exciter, an annular wire channel, a displacement amplifier and a piezoelectric ceramic transducer, the cutting wheel rotates along the axial direction to drive the cutting blades to rotate at a high speed, and the cutting wheel is matched with a vibration assisting plate carrying a tooth socket to be in nonlinear contact with blocky particles in the bin, so that the reasonable resonance is utilized to crush the internal oil shale particles.

According to the technical scheme, six vibration assisting plates are distributed on the inner wall of the transducer, first tooth grooves of the vibration assisting plates are fixed on the inner wall of a shell of the transducer, free circular arc motion can be conducted at the ends of second tooth grooves, massive oil shale which does centrifugal motion acts on inner groove surfaces of the vibration assisting plates, uneven outward pushing force is applied to the tooth groove surfaces of the vibration assisting plates, the tooth groove surfaces of the vibration assisting plates can do circular arc motion outwards along pressure in different degrees, the back of the vibration assisting plates are supported by an ultrasonic exciter and a displacement amplifier, 3/4 spheres are matched with a vibration needle to conduct in-situ small-amplitude inclination, displacement yielding perpendicular to the axial direction is given to the vibration assisting plates to contact the massive oil shale, the massive oil shale can be excited and crushed through the first tooth grooves, the massive oil shale is driven to the second tooth grooves through rotation, then the massive oil shale rotates to the next vibration assisting plate, and particle blockage of cutting blades and the vibration assisting plates is prevented, and the device is damaged.

According to the technical scheme, the bulk oil shale is subjected to high-frequency ultrasonic vibration from the vibration assisting plate in the moving process from the first tooth groove to the second tooth groove, the bulk oil shale bears the high-frequency periodic dynamic load, the fatigue fracture plays a role at the moment, the internal weak area of the bulk oil shale is gradually damaged and accumulated under the action of strain force, and further tiny cracks are generated.

According to the technical scheme, the vibration assisting plate is matched with the cutting blades to realize mechanical crushing, and when the high-frequency impact cutting blades and the vibration assisting plate are simultaneously contacted with the oil shale, the blade surface acts on a very small area to generate strong instantaneous impact stress; the first tooth socket and the second tooth socket are arranged without specification teeth, the impact contact area generates tensile stress and shearing force with different sizes under the rotation effect, meanwhile, the ultrasonic vibration effect drives the vibration assisting plate to vibrate axially, and synchronous rotary cutting and high-frequency ultrasonic energy impact are carried out, so that oil shale particles with different sizes and particle sizes reach the crushing effect, and the particle size of the oil shale particles is gradually reduced.

According to the technical scheme, the bottom of the crushing bin is provided with the filter sieve plate, crushed oil shale particles are sieved to enter the particle storage bin, the lower end of the storage bin is provided with the gravity sensor, the gravity sensor for collecting quantitative particles of the oil shale is opened downwards, and the opening and closing frequency is matched with the subsequent oil shale pyrolysis rate.

According to above-mentioned technical scheme, the broken storehouse of oil shale granule is connected "V" and is gone out the feed bin, goes out the feed bin inner space and reduces from the top down bore gradually, and the slow seepage flow of granule in the storehouse effectively controls the interior oil shale granule ejection of compact flow velocity of feed bin, realizes the incessant ejection of compact that lasts of lower part device when upper portion device intermittent type is broken, lasts the pyrolysis for follow-up oil shale and provides the condition.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the six groups of ultrasonic devices, the high-frequency alternating-current pulse integrated device, the cutting teeth and the like provide conditions for oil shale crushing, and the six groups of ultrasonic devices are cooperatively matched, so that the fatigue damage of oil shale particles is accelerated, the crushing output time is shortened, the particle crushing effect is optimized, and the oil shale crushing efficiency is improved.

2. The cutting wheels and the cutting blades are arranged on the shaft part in the crushing bin, six groups of vibration assisting plates are arranged in a ring hexagon, and the pushing action of the vibration assisting plates is combined with the rotating shearing force of the cutting wheels, so that the vibration assisting balance performance of the device in the high-speed rotating crushing process of the dispersed blocky shale is ensured.

3. The caliber of the V-shaped discharging bin at the lower part of the invention is gradually reduced from top to bottom, particles slowly seep, the discharge hole continuously discharges materials while the upper part is intermittently crushed, and the subsequent uninterrupted pyrolysis of the oil shale is ensured.

4. The invention adopts the technology of ultrasonic high-frequency crushing of oil shale particles, the ultrasonic action on the vibration assisting plate is easy to realize, the particle crushing efficiency is improved by utilizing reasonable resonance energy, the mechanical energy consumption of the cutting wheel is reduced, the abrasion of blades is reduced to a certain extent, and the energy consumption is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an oil shale particle crushing device based on ultrasonic waves

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a feeding structure of block oil shale

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a crushing bin of a high-frequency crushing main body of massive oil shale under the action of ultrasonic waves

FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of an ultrasonic generator collecting bin at the top of a crushing main body

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic transducer housing of an apparatus for breaking oil shale particles by implementing ultrasonic waves

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a crushing branch structure for crushing oil shale particles by implementing ultrasonic waves

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cutting teeth and the vibration cooperating plate in the main crushing device by the action of ultrasonic waves

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a filter plate at the bottom of an oil shale particle crushing bin

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a structure of an oil shale particle storage silo

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a "V" shaped discharge zone for oil shale particles

FIG. 11 is a side sectional view of a V-shaped discharge bin for oil shale particles

In the figure: 1. feeding block oil shale into a material feeding area; 2. the crushing bin is fixed with a protective shell; 3. an ultrasonic generator collection bin; 4. the ultrasonic wave is combined with the crushing bin of the high-frequency cutting teeth; 5. an oil shale particle storage bin; 6. the oil shale particle V-shaped discharging area; 7. a dust-proof baffle plate; 8. a transducer housing; 9. a power supply lead; 10. a vibration assisting plate; 11. crushing the cutting wheel; 12. cutting a blade; 13. an ultrasonic generator; 14. a feeding channel; 15. an annular wire channel; 16. an ultrasonic exciter; 17. a displacement amplifier; 18. a piezoelectric ceramic transducer; 19. a first tooth slot; 20. a second tooth slot; 21. a filter sieve plate; 22. a storage bin housing; 23. a gravity sensor; a "V" shaped discharge bin.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are described below in detail and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The specific working principle is as follows: as shown in fig. 1-11, the oil shale particle crushing device based on ultrasonic waves comprises a block-shaped oil shale feeding port 1, a sound wave generator collecting bin 3, an ultrasonic wave combined high-frequency cutting tooth crushing bin 4, an oil shale particle storage bin 5 and an oil shale particle V-shaped discharging area 6; the lower part of an oil shale feeding port 1 is connected with a crushing bin fixing protective shell 2, an opening and closing dustproof baffle 7 is placed at the straight part of the lower end of the feeding port 1, the dedusting baffle 7 is opened in the feeding operation process, and the dedusting baffle 7 is automatically closed after the feeding operation is finished; the massive oil shale enters an ultrasonic wave combined high-frequency cutting crushing bin 4 through a feeding area 1, the crushing function is realized by the combined action of a crushing cutting wheel 11, cutting blades 12 and six groups of vibration assisting plates 10, an ultrasonic generator set bin 3 is fixed on the lower disc of a crushing bin protective shell 2, the six groups of ultrasonic generators are arrayed in the set bin 3, the six groups of ultrasonic generators are connected with a hexagonal annular wire channel 15 arranged in a transducer shell 8 through a power supply wire 9, six groups of ultrasonic exciters 16 are arranged on the hexagonal annular wire channel 15 in a tangent mode to transmit ultrasonic signals, each ultrasonic exciter consists of 3/4 spheres, a right-angle tangent plane is connected with a displacement amplifier 17, the ultrasonic waves are gradually amplified along the displacement amplifier 17 and are transmitted to a piezoelectric ceramic transducer 18 connected with the tail end of a vibration needle in a branching direction, and the piezoelectric ceramic transducer 18 is arranged in a groove in the back of the vibration assisting plates 10; in the crushing process, a numerical control power supply in the fixed protective shell 1 of the crushing bin converts conventional 220V (50 Hz) current into high-frequency (more than 20 kHz) high-voltage (more than 1000V) electric signals, the displacement amplifier 17 conducts and amplifies the high-frequency electric signals under the driving of the ultrasonic exciter 13, the piezoelectric ceramic transducer 18 converts the high-frequency high-voltage electric signals into high-frequency ultrasonic vibration after receiving high-frequency voltage signals, the external vibration assisting plate 10 receives the high-frequency ultrasonic vibration and amplifies the high-frequency ultrasonic vibration through the front tooth groove ultrasonic vibration assisting effect, so that the front second tooth groove end of the vibration assisting plate 10 is driven to do high-frequency vertical axial arc high-frequency vibration, and the vibration assisting plate obtains high-frequency axial impact energy from the ultrasonic exciter 16.

The crushing and cutting wheel 11 in the crushing bin 4 of the composite ultrasonic wave combined high-frequency cutting teeth drives the external cutting blade 12 to rotate axially at a high speed, and the massive oil shale is physically cut and crushed; the massive oil shale in the main body crushing bin is subjected to ultrasonic high-frequency vibration and is simultaneously subjected to the auxiliary crushing effect of the cutting blades 12, so that the massive oil shale is forced to overturn and be crushed under the rotating action force of the cutting blades 12, and the massive oil shale is gradually crushed into oil shale particles under the combined action of internal stress and external cutting force.

The crushed fine oil shale particles enter the oil shale particle storage bin 5 after being screened by the filter sieve plate 21, and the incompletely crushed fine oil shale particles can continue to move under the driving of the cutting blades; the bottom of the storage bin is provided with a gravity sensor 23 which collects quantitative fine powder particle oil shale, the gravity sensor is opened and closed downwards at four corners, and the opening and closing frequency is consistent with the subsequent oil shale pyrolysis efficiency; the lower part of the oil shale fine powder particle storage bin 5 is connected with an oil shale particle discharging bin 5, the inner space of the discharging bin is in a V shape, the diameter of the opening from top to bottom is gradually reduced, and the flow rate of fine powder particles is slowed down, so that the upper part is intermittently crushed, and meanwhile, the lower part is continuously discharged.