阅读说明：本技术 一种髋臼骨折四边体固定装置及使用方法 (Acetabulum fracture quadrangular body fixing device and using method ) 是由 李明 刘潇 刘建恒 刘鐘阳 成俊遥 韩振川 高建朋 张珑 赵燕鹏 张里程 唐佩福 于 2021-07-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种髋臼骨折四边体固定装置及使用方法,固定装置包括稳定板、第一固定板和第二固定板,稳定板的上端设有间隔分布的第一棘轮和第二棘轮,第一固定板和第二固定板之间设有夹角,第一固定板的下端设有第一连接座,第一连接座的两侧板对应卡在第一棘轮的两端且使两者通过第一销轴铰接,第一固定板上安装有与第一棘轮配合的第一棘爪,第二固定板的下端设有第二连接座,第二连接座的两侧板对应卡在第二棘轮的两端且使两者通过第二销轴铰接,第二固定板上安装有与第二棘轮配合的第二棘爪。固定装置具有结构简单、使用方便、固定可靠、适应性强、安全性高的优点。使用方法具有工序少、效率高、可控性强、安全可靠的优点。(The invention relates to a fixing device for a quadrilateral body for acetabular fracture and a using method thereof, the fixing device comprises a stabilizing plate, a first fixing plate and a second fixing plate, the upper end of the stabilizing plate is provided with a first ratchet wheel and a second ratchet wheel which are distributed at intervals, an included angle is arranged between the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate, the lower end of the first fixing plate is provided with a first connecting seat, two side plates of the first connecting seat are correspondingly clamped at two ends of the first ratchet wheel and are hinged through a first pin shaft, the first fixing plate is provided with a first pawl matched with the first ratchet wheel, the lower end of the second fixing plate is provided with a second connecting seat, two side plates of the second connecting seat are correspondingly clamped at two ends of the second ratchet wheel and are hinged through a second pin shaft, and the second fixing plate is provided with a second pawl matched with the second ratchet wheel. The fixing device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in use, reliability in fixing, strong adaptability and high safety. The using method has the advantages of few working procedures, high efficiency, strong controllability, safety and reliability.)

1. A fixing device for a quadruped body of acetabular fracture is characterized by comprising a stabilizing plate (1), a first fixing plate (2) and a second fixing plate (3), wherein the stabilizing plate (1) is provided with a radian matched with the quadruped body, the upper end of the stabilizing plate (1) is provided with a first ratchet wheel (11) and a second ratchet wheel (12) which are distributed at intervals, an included angle is arranged between the first fixing plate (2) and the second fixing plate (3), the lower end of the first fixing plate (2) is provided with a U-shaped first connecting seat (21), two side plates of the first connecting seat (21) are correspondingly clamped at two ends of the first ratchet wheel (11) and are hinged with each other through a first pin shaft, a first pawl (4) matched with the first ratchet wheel (11) is installed on the first fixing plate (2), the lower end of the second fixing plate (3) is provided with a U-shaped second connecting seat (31), two side plates of the second connecting seat (31) are correspondingly clamped at two ends of the second ratchet wheel (12) and are hinged with each other through a second pin shaft, a second pawl (5) matched with the second ratchet wheel (12) is arranged on the second fixing plate (3).

2. The acetabulum fracture tetragon fixing device according to claim 1, wherein the first pawl (4) is provided with a first mounting plate (41), the upper half of the first mounting plate (41) is provided with a first elastic sheet (42) integrated with the first mounting plate, and the first elastic sheet (42) is located between the first mounting plate (41) and the first fixing plate (2); the upper half part and the first elastic sheet (42) of the first mounting plate (41) are provided with first connecting holes, first connecting screws (6) which are arranged on the first fixing plate (2) in a rotating mode are arranged in the first connecting holes, the lower half part of the first mounting plate (41) is provided with first fastening holes, and first fastening screws (7) which are arranged on the first fixing plate (2) in a rotating mode are arranged in the first fastening holes.

3. The acetabulum fracture tetragon fixture according to claim 2, wherein the second pawl (5) is provided with a second mounting plate (51), the upper half of the second mounting plate (51) is provided with a second elastic sheet (52) integrated with the second mounting plate, and the second elastic sheet (52) is located between the second mounting plate (51) and the second fixing plate (3); the upper half part of the second mounting plate (51) and the second elastic sheet (52) are provided with second connecting holes, second connecting screws (8) which are rotatably arranged on the second fixing plate (3) are arranged in the second connecting holes, a second fastening hole is arranged on the lower half part of the second mounting plate (51), and a second fastening screw (9) which is rotatably arranged on the second fixing plate (3) is arranged in the second fastening hole.

4. An acetabular fracture tetragon fixture according to claim 3, wherein a first transition part (13) is provided between the first ratchet (11) and the stabilizing plate (1), an included angle is provided between the first transition part (13) and the stabilizing plate (1), and the inclination direction of the first transition plate (13) relative to the stabilizing plate (1) is opposite to the inclination direction of the first ratchet teeth.

5. An acetabular fracture tetragon fixture according to claim 4, wherein a second transition portion (14) is provided between the second ratchet (12) and the stabilizing plate (1), an included angle is provided between the second transition portion (14) and the stabilizing plate (1), and the inclination direction of the second transition plate (14) relative to the stabilizing plate (1) is opposite to the inclination direction of the second ratchet teeth.

6. The acetabulum fracture tetragon fixing device according to claim 5, wherein the first fixing plate (2) is provided with first fixing holes (22) distributed at intervals, and two sides of the bottom of the first fixing plate (2) are respectively provided with first gaps (23) distributed at intervals; the second fixing plate (3) is provided with second fixing holes (32) distributed at intervals, and two sides of the bottom of the second fixing plate (3) are respectively provided with second notches (33) distributed at intervals.

7. A method of using the fixture of claim 6, comprising the steps of:

s1, loosening the first set screw (7) and the second set screw (9) to adjust the angle of the first fixing plate (2) and the second fixing plate (3) relative to the stabilizing plate (1);

s2, attaching the stabilizing plate (1) to the quadrangular body from the inner side of the pelvis, and pressing the first fixing plate (2) and the second fixing plate (3) to attach the stabilizing plate and the second fixing plate to the ilium;

s3, fixing the first fixing plate (2) and the second fixing plate (3) on the ilium through fixing screws respectively;

s4, pressing the end parts of the stabilizing plate (1) and the first fixing plate (2) far away from the first ratchet wheel (11) and screwing the first set screw (7) at the same time;

s5, pressing the end parts of the stabilizing plate (1) and the second fixing plate (3) far away from the second ratchet wheel (12) and screwing the second set screw (9).

Technical Field

The invention relates to a fracture fixing device, in particular to a fixing device for an acetabulum fracture quadrangle body and a using method of the fixing device.

Background

The acetabulum quadrilaterals fracture is one of the most complicated and intractable fracture types in orthopedics, is mostly caused by the impact of femoral heads on the inner side during injury, and poor restoration can directly affect the flatness of acetabulum articular surfaces, further cause traumatic arthritis and seriously affect the life quality of patients. Because the acetabulum has deep anatomic position and thin sclerotin, the periphery is adjacent to important nerve vessels, especially dead crowns, the existing fixing modes of steel plates, screws and the like are unreliable in fixing, the screws can easily penetrate through the quadrilateral body to accidentally injure the peripheral important nerve vessels, and the dead crowns are accidentally injured in the operation, so that the great bleeding which is difficult to control can be caused, and the life of a patient is directly endangered. Aiming at the fixation of the tetragon fracture, no effective technical means exists in the field at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a fixing device for acetabulum fracture quadrangular bodies and a using method, wherein the fixing device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in use, reliability in fixing, strong adaptability and high safety; the using method has the advantages of few working procedures, high efficiency, strong controllability, safety and reliability.

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a quadruped fixing device for acetabular fracture, which comprises a stabilizing plate, a first fixing plate and a second fixing plate, the stabilizing plate is provided with a radian matched with the quadrilateral body, the upper end of the stabilizing plate is provided with a first ratchet wheel and a second ratchet wheel which are distributed at intervals, an included angle is formed between the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate, a U-shaped first connecting seat is arranged at the lower end of the first fixing plate, two side plates of the first connecting seat are correspondingly clamped at two ends of the first ratchet wheel and hinged to the first ratchet wheel through a first pin shaft, a first pawl matched with the first ratchet wheel is installed on the first fixing plate, a U-shaped second connecting seat is arranged at the lower end of the second fixing plate, two side plates of the second connecting seat are correspondingly clamped at two ends of the second ratchet wheel and hinged to the second ratchet wheel through a second pin shaft, and a second pawl matched with the second ratchet wheel is installed on the second fixing plate.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a fixing device for a quadrilateral body of acetabular fracture, wherein the first pawl is provided with a first mounting plate, the upper half part of the first mounting plate is provided with a first elastic sheet integrated with the first mounting plate, and the first elastic sheet is positioned between the first mounting plate and the first fixing plate; the first mounting plate is provided with a first elastic sheet, a first connecting hole is formed in the first elastic sheet, a first connecting screw is arranged on the first fixing plate in a screwing mode, a first fastening hole is formed in the lower half portion of the first mounting plate, and a first fastening screw is arranged on the first fixing plate in the screwing mode.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a fixing device for a quadrilateral body of acetabular fracture, wherein a second pawl is provided with a second mounting plate, the upper half part of the second mounting plate is provided with a second elastic sheet integrated with the second mounting plate, and the second elastic sheet is positioned between the second mounting plate and a second fixing plate; the first half part of the second mounting plate and the second elastic sheet are provided with second connecting holes, second connecting screws which are arranged on the second fixing plate in a rotating mode are arranged in the second connecting holes, a second fastening hole is arranged on the lower half part of the second mounting plate, and a second fastening screw which is arranged on the second fixing plate in a rotating mode is arranged in the second fastening hole.

Furthermore, the acetabulum fracture tetragon fixing device is characterized in that a first transition portion is arranged between the first ratchet wheel and the stabilizing plate, an included angle is formed between the first transition portion and the stabilizing plate, and the inclination direction of the first transition portion relative to the stabilizing plate is opposite to the inclination direction of the first ratchet wheel teeth.

Furthermore, the acetabulum fracture quadrilateral body fixing device is characterized in that a second transition part is arranged between the second ratchet wheel and the stabilizing plate, an included angle is formed between the second transition part and the stabilizing plate, and the inclination direction of the second transition plate relative to the stabilizing plate is opposite to the inclination direction of the teeth of the second ratchet wheel.

Further, the acetabulum fracture quadrangular body fixing device is characterized in that first fixing holes are arranged on the first fixing plate at intervals, and first notches are arranged on two sides of the bottom of the first fixing plate at intervals; the second fixing plate is provided with second fixing holes distributed at intervals, and two sides of the bottom of the second fixing plate are respectively provided with second openings distributed at intervals.

The invention provides a using method of the fixing device, which comprises the following steps:

s1, loosening the first set screw and the second set screw to adjust the angle of the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate relative to the stabilizing plate;

s2, attaching the stabilizing plate to the quadrangular body from the inner side of the pelvis, and pressing the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate to attach the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate to the ilium;

s3, fixing the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate on the ilium through fixing screws respectively;

s4, pressing the end parts of the stabilizing plate and the first fixing plate far away from the first ratchet wheel at the same time and screwing a first set screw;

s5, pressing the end of the stabilizing plate and the second fixing plate away from the second ratchet wheel and tightening the second set screw.

Compared with the prior art, the acetabulum fracture quadrangular body fixing device and the use method thereof have the following advantages: the invention sets a stabilizing plate, a first fixing plate and a second fixing plate, the stabilizing plate is provided with a radian matched with a quadrilateral body, the upper end of the stabilizing plate is provided with a first ratchet wheel and a second ratchet wheel which are distributed at intervals, an included angle is arranged between the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate, the lower end of the first fixing plate is provided with a U-shaped first connecting seat, two side plates of the first connecting seat are correspondingly clamped at two ends of the first ratchet wheel and are hinged through a first pin shaft, a first pawl matched with the first ratchet wheel is arranged on the first fixing plate, the lower end of the second fixing plate is provided with a U-shaped second connecting seat, two side plates of the second connecting seat are correspondingly clamped at two ends of the second ratchet wheel and are hinged through a second pin shaft, and a second pawl matched with the second ratchet wheel is arranged on the second fixing plate. Therefore, the acetabulum fracture quadrilateral fixing device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in use, reliability in fixing, strong adaptability and high safety. In practical application, firstly, the first pawl and the second pawl are adjusted to be in a loose state, and the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate are in a state of being relatively parallel to the stabilizing plate; then, attaching the stabilizing plate to the quadrangular body from the inner side of the pelvis, and pressing the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate to attach the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate to the ilium; then, fixing the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate on the ilium through fixing screws; finally, pressing the end parts of the stabilizing plate and the first fixing plate far away from the first ratchet wheel and fastening the first pawl; simultaneously pressing the stabilizing plate and the end of the second fixing plate away from the second ratchet wheel and fastening the second pawl. After the fixing device is installed, the four-side body can be supported and stabilized through the stabilizing plate, so that the fracture block can be reset conveniently. According to the invention, the stabilizing plate, the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate are arranged, the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate are respectively connected with the stabilizing plate through the ratchet wheel structure, and when the fixing device is used, the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate are fixed on the ilium, so that the fixation of the fixing screws on the ilium is firmer, and the problems that the screws are not firm due to thinner bone of the quadrilateral body and peripheral nerve and blood vessels are easily injured by mistake by penetrating the quadrilateral body are effectively solved; by adopting the ratchet wheel unidirectional adjustable structure, the angle and the implantation position can be flexibly adjusted on the basis of realizing switching and fixing the stabilizing plate, so that the fixing device is suitable for different patients, and the adaptability and the universality of the fixing device are improved; through the radian that makes the stabilising plate setting and quadrilateral match, improved coincidence degree between them, through setting up first fixed plate and second fixed plate to make and form certain contained angle between the two, improved erection joint's steadiness and reliability, and have characteristics easy and simple to handle, that the controllability is strong, can effectively shorten operation time, be favorable to the patient to resume. The using method of the acetabulum fracture quadrangular body fixing device provided by the invention has the advantages of few working procedures, high efficiency, strong controllability, safety and reliability.

The invention relates to a fixing device for acetabulum fracture quadrangular body and a use method thereof, which are further described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a first schematic structural view of a quadrilateral acetabular fracture fixation device according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a quadrilateral acetabular fracture fixation device of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a view showing the installation and usage of the fixing device for the quadrilateral acetabular fracture.

Detailed Description

First, it should be noted that, the directional terms such as up, down, left, right, front, rear, etc. described in the present invention are only described with reference to the accompanying drawings for easy understanding, and do not limit the technical solution and the claimed scope of the present invention.

Fig. 1 to 3 show an embodiment of a quadrangular body fixing device for acetabular fracture according to the present invention, which comprises a stabilizing plate 1, a first fixing plate 2 and a second fixing plate 3. The stabilizer plate 1 is provided with a radian matching with the quadrilateral body, and the upper end of the stabilizer plate 1 is provided with a first ratchet wheel 11 and a second ratchet wheel 12 which are distributed at intervals. An included angle is formed between the first fixing plate 2 and the second fixing plate 3, a U-shaped first connecting seat 21 is arranged at the lower end of the first fixing plate 2, two side plates of the first connecting seat 21 are correspondingly clamped at two ends of the first ratchet wheel 11 and are hinged through a first pin shaft, and a first pawl 4 matched with the first ratchet wheel 11 is arranged on the first fixing plate 2; the lower end of the second fixing plate 3 is provided with a U-shaped second connecting seat 31, two side plates of the second connecting seat 31 are correspondingly clamped at two ends of the second ratchet wheel 12 and are hinged with each other through a second pin shaft, and a second pawl 5 matched with the second ratchet wheel 12 is arranged on the second fixing plate 3.

The acetabulum fracture quadrangular body fixing device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in use, reliability in fixing, strong adaptability and high safety. In practice, first pawls 4 and second pawls 5 are set to a relaxed state, and first fixed plate 2 and second fixed plate 3 are brought into a state of being relatively parallel to stabilizer plate 1. Then, the stabilizing plate 1 is attached to the quadrangular body from the inner side of the pelvis, and the first fixing plate 2 and the second fixing plate 3 are pressed to attach both to the ilium 100. Next, the first and second fixing plates 2 and 3 are fixed to the ilium 100 by fixing screws. Finally, simultaneously pressing the stabilizing plate 1 and the end of the first fixing plate 2 remote from the first ratchet 11 and tightening the first pawl 4; simultaneously pressing the end of the stabilising plate 1 and the second fixing plate 3 remote from the second ratchet wheel 12 and tightening the second pawl 5. After the fixing device is installed, the four-side body can be supported and stabilized through the stabilizing plate 1, so that the fracture block can be reset. According to the invention, the stabilizing plate 1, the first fixing plate 2 and the second fixing plate 3 are arranged, so that the first fixing plate 2 and the second fixing plate 3 are respectively connected with the stabilizing plate 1 through the ratchet structure, and when the fixing device is used, the first fixing plate 2 and the second fixing plate 3 are fixed on the ilium 100, so that the fixation of a fixing screw on the ilium 100 is firmer, and the problems that the screw fixation is not firm due to the fact that the bone of a quadrilateral body is thinner and peripheral nerve and blood vessels are easily injured by mistake due to the fact that the quadrilateral body penetrates through the quadrilateral body are effectively solved; by adopting the ratchet wheel unidirectional adjustable structure, the angle and the implantation position can be flexibly adjusted on the basis of realizing switching and fixing the stabilizing plate 1, so that the fixing device is suitable for different patients, and the adaptability and the universality of the fixing device are improved; through making the radian that steadying plate 1 set up and the four sides body matches, improved coincidence degree between them, through setting up first fixed plate 2 and second fixed plate 3 to make and form certain contained angle between the two, improved erection joint's steadiness and reliability, and have characteristics easy and simple to handle, that the controllability is strong, can effectively shorten operation time, be favorable to the patient to resume.

As an optimized solution, the present embodiment adopts the following mounting manner for the first pawl 4: arranging the first pawl 4 on the first mounting plate 41, arranging the first elastic sheet 42 integrated with the first mounting plate 41 at the upper half part of the first mounting plate 41, and enabling the first elastic sheet 42 to be positioned between the first mounting plate 41 and the first fixing plate 2; first connection holes are formed in the upper half portion of the first mounting plate 41 and the first elastic sheet 42, first connection screws 6 which are screwed on the first fixing plate 2 are arranged in the first connection holes, first fastening holes are formed in the lower half portion of the first mounting plate 41, and first fastening screws 7 which are screwed on the first fixing plate 2 are arranged in the first fastening holes. The first pawl 4 with the structure and the installation mode can keep the first pawl 4 relatively stable under the action of the first elastic sheet 42 by loosening the first set screw 7, and can flexibly adjust the angle between the first fixing plate 2 and the stabilizing plate 1 through rotation; can fasten first pawl 4 at first fixed plate 2 through screwing first holding screw 7 to can realize preventing the reversal purpose through first pawl 4 card on first ratchet 11, have simple structure, simple operation's advantage.

Similarly, the present embodiment adopts the same mounting manner for the second pawl 5 as the first pawl 4: the second pawl 5 is arranged on a second mounting plate 51, a second elastic sheet 52 integrated with the second mounting plate 51 is arranged at the upper half part of the second mounting plate 51, and the second elastic sheet 52 is positioned between the second mounting plate 51 and the second fixing plate 3; second connecting holes are formed in the upper half portion of the second mounting plate 51 and the second elastic sheet 52, second connecting screws 8 which are screwed on the second fixing plate 3 are arranged in the second connecting holes, second fastening holes are formed in the lower half portion of the second mounting plate 51, and second fastening screws 9 which are screwed on the second fixing plate 3 are arranged in the second fastening holes. The second pawl 5 with the structure and the installation mode can keep the second pawl 5 relatively stable under the action of the second elastic sheet 52 by loosening the second set screw 9, and can flexibly adjust the angle between the second fixing plate 3 and the stabilizing plate 1 through rotation; the second pawl 5 can be fastened on the second fixing plate 3 by screwing the second set screw 9, and the purpose of preventing reverse rotation can be realized by clamping the second pawl 5 on the second ratchet wheel 12, and the device also has the advantages of simple structure and convenience in operation.

Preferably, the first transition portion 13 is disposed between the first ratchet 11 and the stabilizing plate 1, and a certain angle is disposed between the first transition portion 13 and the stabilizing plate 1, so that the inclination direction of the first transition portion 13 with respect to the stabilizing plate 1 is opposite to the inclination direction of the first ratchet teeth. This structure provides a certain distance between the first ratchet 11 and the first pawl 4 and the quadrilateral body by the inclined first transition plate 13 so as to adjust the implantation position, thereby improving the adaptability and practicality of the fixture. Similarly, in the present embodiment, the second transition portion 14 is provided between the second ratchet 12 and the stabilizing plate 1, a certain angle is provided between the second transition portion 14 and the stabilizing plate 1, and the inclination direction of the second transition portion 14 relative to the stabilizing plate 1 is opposite to the inclination direction of the second ratchet teeth. This configuration provides a certain distance between the second ratchet 12 and the second pawl 5 and the quadrilateral body by the inclined second transition plate 14 to facilitate adjustment of the implantation position.

As a specific embodiment, the first fixing holes 22 are arranged on the first fixing plate 2 at intervals, so that the flexibility and convenience of connection and fixation are improved; through setting up interval distribution's first opening 23 respectively in the bottom both sides of first fixed plate 2, can effectively reduce the influence that indicates blood supply to the ilium on the basis of guaranteeing to connect the steadiness. In a similar way, the second fixing holes 32 distributed at intervals are arranged on the second fixing plate 3, so that the flexibility and convenience of connection and fixation are improved; through set up interval distribution's second opening 33 respectively in the bottom both sides of second fixed plate 3, can effectively reduce the influence that indicates blood supply to the ilium on the basis of guaranteeing to connect the steadiness.

Based on the same conception, the invention also provides a using method of the acetabulum fracture quadrangular body fixing device, which comprises the following steps:

s1, loosening the first set screw 7 and the second set screw 9 to adjust the angle of the first fixing plate 2 and the second fixing plate 3 with respect to the stabilizing plate 1.

S2, the stabilizing plate 1 is attached to the quadrangular body from the inner side of the pelvis, and the first fixing plate 2 and the second fixing plate 3 are pressed to attach to the ilium.

And S3, fixing the first fixing plate 2 and the second fixing plate 3 on the ilium through fixing screws respectively.

S4, pressing the end of the stabilising plate 1 and first fixing plate 2 away from the first ratchet 11 and tightening the first set screw 7.

S5, pressing the end of the stabilising plate 1 and second fixing plate 3 away from the second ratchet wheel 12 and tightening the second set screw 9.

The using method of the acetabulum fracture quadrangular body fixing device provided by the invention has the advantages of less procedures, high efficiency, strong controllability, safety and reliability, and can effectively shorten the operation time. After the fixing device is installed, the four-side body can be supported and stabilized through the stabilizing plate, so that the fracture block can be reset.

The above examples are only for describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the claimed invention, and various modifications made by those skilled in the art according to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the scope of the invention defined by the claims without departing from the design concept of the present invention.