阅读说明：本技术 一种蓝莓种植用土的调酸处理方法 (Acid adjusting treatment method for blueberry planting soil ) 是由 冯建国 于 2021-09-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种蓝莓种植用土的调酸处理方法,该方法选择符合条件的沙壤土作为种植用土基质。将该种植用土基质整体取出,进行灭菌后处理后暴晒3～5天,然后利用球磨机碾细,并加水将碾细后的泥粉调制成泥浆料,并在泥浆料中加入H-(2)SO-(4)作为酸性调整剂；然后将泥浆料进行浓缩,浓缩后加入红壤土搅拌均匀后平铺于槽型容器中,并在槽型容器中利用缓释管将硫磺粉稀释液注入浓缩泥浆料中,进行陈化后自然风干,取出粉碎得到调制土,然后在调制土中拌入草木灰、火山灰、膨润土以及丙烯酰胺即得到调酸处理后的营养土。本发明可对蓝莓种植用土进行集中处理,得到符合蓝莓生长特征的营养土,以增加蓝莓产量和品质。(The invention discloses an acid regulating treatment method of soil for blueberry planting. Taking out the whole planting soil matrix, sterilizing, exposing to the sun for 3-5 days, grinding by using a ball mill, adding water to prepare mud powder into mud slurry, and adding H into the mud slurry 2 SO 4 As an acidity regulator; then concentrating the slurry, adding laterite after concentration, evenly stirring, paving in a groove-shaped container, injecting the sulfur powder diluent into the concentrated slurry by using a slow release pipe in the groove-shaped container, ageing, naturally drying, taking out and crushing to obtain modified soil, and then mixing plant ash and volcanic ash into the modified soilBentonite and acrylamide to obtain the acid-regulated nutrient soil. The method can be used for carrying out centralized treatment on the blueberry planting soil to obtain the nutrient soil meeting the growth characteristics of the blueberries so as to increase the yield and quality of the blueberries.)

1. An acid adjusting treatment method of blueberry planting soil is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:

s1, selecting sandy loam with the soil pH value below 6.0 and the organic matter content of 6-10% as a planting soil matrix;

s2, taking out the whole planting soil matrix, sterilizing, exposing to the sun for 3-5 days, grinding by using a ball mill, adding water to prepare mud powder into mud slurry with the mass concentration of 10-20%, and adding H into the mud slurry₂SO₄As an acidity regulator, controlling H in the slurry₂SO₄The mass concentration of the mixture is 5-7%, and the mixture is continuously stirred for 24-45 hours;

s3, concentrating the mud slurry treated in the step S2 into concentrated mud with the mass concentration of 30-40%, adding sterilized red loam into the concentrated mud, controlling the addition of the red loam to be 15-20% of the mass of the concentrated mud, and uniformly stirring;

s4, spreading the concentrated slurry evenly stirred in the step S3 in a groove-shaped container, evenly arranging slow release pipes in the groove-shaped container, injecting the sulfur powder diluent into the concentrated slurry through the slow release pipes, aging the concentrated slurry in the groove-shaped container, and naturally drying the concentrated slurry;

s5, taking out the air-dried mixed slurry from the trough-type container and crushing to obtain prepared soil, and then mixing plant ash accounting for 8-12% of the weight of the prepared soil, volcanic ash accounting for 3-5% of the weight of the prepared soil, bentonite accounting for 1-3% of the weight of the prepared soil and acrylamide accounting for 0.5-1.2% of the weight of the prepared soil into the prepared soil to obtain the nutrient soil after acid adjustment treatment.

2. The method for adjusting acid of soil for blueberry planting according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the soil matrix for planting is sterilized by high temperature steam or chemical agent.

3. The acid adjusting treatment method for the blueberry planting soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the particle size of the planting soil matrix after being ground by the ball mill is controlled to be 0.3 mm-0.8 mm.

4. The acid adjusting treatment method of soil for blueberry planting according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, an inorganic additive accounting for 3-5% of the mass of the soil matrix for planting is further added during preparation of the slurry, and the inorganic additive is a mixture of acid-activated charcoal and/or acid-activated fly ash and soluble phosphorus salt.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the sterilized red loam is a soil type red loam in Yunjiang or Fujian Longyan mountain area in Jiangxi in step S3.

6. The acid adjusting treatment method for the blueberry planting soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of sulfur in the sulfur powder diluent is 15-25 g/L, and the injection amount of the sulfur powder diluent is such that the pH value of the prepared nutrient soil is maintained between 3.8-5.5.

7. The acid adjusting treatment method for blueberry planting soil as defined in claim 1, wherein the aging time of the concentrated slurry is not less than 15 days, and the slow release time of the sulfur powder diluent is not less than 10 days and is included in the aging time of the concentrated slurry.

8. The acid adjusting treatment method for the blueberry planting soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient soil is directly filled in a planting pot for use, or is proportionally mixed into soil of a blueberry planting area for backfill use, or is directly paved on a soil layer surface layer of the blueberry planting area for use.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of blueberry cultivation in a fruit tree cultivation technology, in particular to an acid adjusting treatment method of soil for blueberry planting.

Background

The blueberry is a perennial shrub tree species of the genus Vaccinium of the family Ericaceae, the fruit is edible, and is rich in anthocyanin, has important value in nutrition, health care and medicine, and has the functions of preventing cranial nerve aging, protecting eyesight, strengthening heart, resisting cancer, softening blood vessels, enhancing human body immunity, etc. In recent years, with the increasing demand of blueberry in the consumer market, the blueberry planting industry in China is developed rapidly.

At present, certain defects and shortcomings exist in blueberry cultivation, particularly in mountainous and hilly areas, soil quality is poor, and modification and improvement treatment is needed; in addition, nearly 200 blueberry varieties used for artificial planting in China are suitable for being cultivated under the climate conditions of different regions in China, it can be mainly divided into three major types of highbush blueberries, lowbush blueberries and rabbit-eye blueberries, but no matter which type of blueberry is used, the pH value of soil is higher, particularly the pH value of high-cluster blueberries, the optimal pH value of the soil is 4.5-4.8, and for the problems, the common mode is to use sulfur powder to adjust the acid, after the sulfur powder is applied to soil, sulfur powder is oxidized into sulfuric anhydride by using sulfuration bacteria, the sulfuric anhydride is converted into sulfuric acid, the effect of adjusting the pH value is achieved to meet the requirement of blueberry growth, however, the method has higher soil improvement cost, the dosage of the sulfur powder is difficult to control, the use of the sulfur powder is easy to cause soil hardening, the risk is high, and a case of failure caused by the fact that the soil acidity is not met in a plurality of areas also occurs; and the acid adjusting mode needs to be improved by adding sawdust or common nutrient soil after the acid adjustment, so that the soil improving effect is poor, the blueberry fruiting rate is low, the yield is low, the fruit is small, and the yield, the quality and the benefit of the blueberry are seriously lost.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an acid adjusting treatment method of blueberry planting soil, which aims to overcome the defects in the technical background.

The technical problem solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

an acid adjusting treatment method of blueberry planting soil comprises the following operation steps:

s1, selecting sandy loam with the soil pH value below 6.0 and the organic matter content of 6-10% as a soil substrate for planting.

S2, taking out the whole soil matrix for planting, sterilizing, then exposing to the sun for 3-5 days, then grinding by using a ball mill, adding water to grindThe mud powder is prepared into mud slurry with the mass concentration of 10-20%, and then H is added into the mud slurry₂SO₄As an acidity regulator, controlling H in the slurry₂SO₄The mass concentration of the mixture is 5-7%, and the mixture is continuously stirred for 24-45 hours.

S3, concentrating the mud slurry treated in the step S2 into concentrated mud with the mass concentration of 30-40%, adding sterilized red loam into the concentrated mud, controlling the adding amount of the red loam to be 15-20% of the mass of the concentrated mud, and uniformly stirring.

S4, spreading the concentrated slurry evenly stirred in the step S3 in a groove-shaped container, evenly arranging slow release pipes in the groove-shaped container, injecting the sulfur powder diluent into the concentrated slurry through the slow release pipes, and naturally drying the concentrated slurry after aging in the groove-shaped container.

S5, taking out the air-dried mixed slurry from the trough-type container and crushing to obtain prepared soil, and then mixing plant ash accounting for 8-12% of the weight of the prepared soil, volcanic ash accounting for 3-5% of the weight of the prepared soil, bentonite accounting for 1-3% of the weight of the prepared soil and acrylamide accounting for 0.5-1.2% of the weight of the prepared soil into the prepared soil to obtain the nutrient soil after acid adjustment treatment.

Further, in step S2, the soil matrix for planting is sterilized by high temperature steam sterilization or chemical agent sterilization.

In a further limitation, in step S2, the particle size of the soil matrix for planting after ball milling is controlled to be between 0.3mm and 0.8 mm.

In step S2, an inorganic additive, which is a mixture of acid-activated charcoal and/or acid-activated fly ash and soluble phosphorus salt, is added in an amount of 3-5% by mass of the planting soil matrix during preparation of the slurry.

By way of further limitation, in step S3, the sterilized red loam is a soil sub-type red loam in the shanxi yujiang river or fujian Longyan mountain area.

The mass ratio of sulfur in the sulfur powder diluent is further limited to 15-25 g/L, and the injection amount of the sulfur powder diluent is enough to keep the pH value of the prepared nutrient soil between 3.8-5.5.

By way of further limitation, the aging period of the concentrated slurry is not less than 15 days, and the slow release period of the sulfur powder diluent is not less than 10 days and is contained within the aging period of the concentrated slurry.

As a further limitation, the nutrient soil is directly filled in a planting pot for use or is proportionally mixed into soil of a blueberry planting area for backfill use or is directly paved on the surface layer of the soil layer of the blueberry planting area for use when in use.

Has the advantages that: the invention discloses an acid-regulating treatment method of soil for blueberry planting, which can be used for directly improving sandy soil to obtain nutrient soil which can be directly used for blueberry potting or soil planting, and the method can be used for pulping the sandy soil meeting conditions, pre-acidifying the sandy soil in mud by using H2SO4, effectively reducing the using amount of sulfur powder, refining the nutrient soil, promoting the root growth of blueberries while not damaging the root systems of the blueberries, improving the content of iron elements and partial trace elements in the nutrient soil by doping red loam to modify the sandy soil, effectively improving the defects of slow growth speed, low fruit bearing rate and small fruit grains of the blueberries, improving the yield of the blueberries and increasing the economic benefit.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.

In the acid adjusting treatment method of the blueberry planting soil in the embodiment, a planting soil matrix is selected firstly and is used as a base material in the acid adjusting treated nutrient soil, the planting soil matrix needs sandy soil with the pH value below 6.0 and the organic matter content of 6% -10%, the planting soil matrix can be used as blueberry planting soil, but complex acid adjusting operation with low fault tolerance rate is needed, and even if proper acid adjusting treatment is carried out, the fruit bearing rate and yield of the planting soil matrix during blueberry planting are low, and soil hardening phenomena with different degrees can occur after 3-5 years of planting, so that use defects exist.

In this embodiment, sandy loam with a pH value of 5.5 and an organic matter content of 7% is selected as a planting soil matrix to be subjected to conditioning and acid-adjusting treatment, and the treatment method specifically includes the following operation steps:

firstly, taking out the soil matrix for planting according with the conditions as a whole for sterilization treatment, wherein the sterilization treatment can adopt a common sterilization and disinfection mode of planting soil on the market, such as chemical reagent disinfection, high-temperature steam disinfection and the like, the sterilization mode of planting soil adopted in the embodiment is that high-temperature steam disinfection is carried out through supersaturated high-temperature steam, and after the treatment is finished, the planting soil is exposed for 4 days, on one hand, the moisture in the soil matrix for planting is removed, and on the other hand, the sterilization effect can be solidified, then the exposed soil matrix for planting is ground to be fine by a ball mill until the particle size is between 0.3mm and 0.5mm, then water is added to modulate the ground mud powder into mud slurry with the mass concentration of 16%, and then H is added into the mud slurry to prepare the mud slurry₂SO₄As an acidity regulator, controlling H in the slurry₂SO₄The mass concentration of (2) is 5%, and stirring is continued for 36 h. In another embodiment, in consideration of the balance of nutrients in the prepared nutrient soil, if the soil matrix for planting as a raw material has a single nutrient, the slurry may be prepared by adding a mixture of acid-activated biochar and/or acid-activated fly ash, which accounts for 3-5% of the mass of the soil matrix for planting, and soluble phosphorus salt as an inorganic additive to the slurry and stirring the mixture.

And then concentrating the stirred mud slurry into concentrated mud with the mass concentration of 35%, adding laterite into the concentrated mud, and carrying out sterilization pretreatment before adding the laterite, wherein the sterilization pretreatment method is the same as the sterilization treatment method of the soil matrix for planting. In the embodiment, in order to improve the nutrients of the prepared nutrient soil and make the nutrient soil more suitable for planting blueberries, the laterite in the embodiment is soil type laterite in Fujian Longyan mountain areas, the addition amount of the laterite is controlled to be 20% of the mass of the concentrated slurry, the concentrated slurry is poured into a plurality of groove-shaped containers after being uniformly stirred, the pH value of the concentrated slurry is detected after the concentrated slurry is leveled in the groove-shaped containers, and the dosage of the sulfur powder diluent for acid adjustment is adjusted according to the pH value of the concentrated slurry. In the embodiment, the mass ratio of the sulfur in the sulfur powder diluent is 20g/L, and the dosage is calculated according to the calculated amount when the pH value of the prepared nutrient soil is kept at 4.5. And (3) filling the sulfur powder diluent into a slow release system, and uniformly inserting a plurality of slow release pipes serving as the discharge ends of the slow release system into the concentrated slurry in the groove-shaped container.

In this embodiment, the slow release system is controlled so that the slow release time of the sulfur powder diluent in the concentrated slurry in the tank container is 12 days, the concentrated slurry is aged for 27 days in the process of slow release of the sulfur powder diluent, and the concentrated slurry is naturally air-dried until the water content is less than 7%.

And taking out the air-dried mixed slurry from the groove-shaped container and crushing to obtain prepared soil, and then mixing plant ash accounting for 10% of the weight of the prepared soil, volcanic ash accounting for 4% of the weight of the prepared soil, bentonite accounting for 2% of the weight of the prepared soil and acrylamide accounting for 1% of the weight of the prepared soil into the prepared soil to obtain the nutrient soil after acid adjustment treatment, wherein the final pH value of the nutrient soil is 4.6.

When the nutrient soil prepared by the method is used, the blueberry can be directly filled in the planting pot to realize potting, the surface soil can be taken out from the blueberry planting area of the planting field and is mixed and backfilled for use, and the nutrient soil can be directly paved on the surface layer of the soil layer of the blueberry planting area for use.

In the embodiment, the prepared nutrient soil is directly potted in blueberries in a planting pot, meanwhile, the planting soil matrix as the raw material is used as a planting medium to perform blueberry potting in the planting pot as a first comparative example, and the planting soil matrix as the raw material is directly subjected to acid regulation treatment by utilizing sulfur powder to form a planting medium with the pH value of 4.6 to perform blueberry potting in the planting pot as a second comparative example; ten groups of plants were planted under the conditions of this example, comparative example one, and comparative example two, respectively.

The average value of the fruiting rate of the nutrient soil for planting in the embodiment in the second year under the same planting condition is 27% higher than that of the first proportion and 9% higher than that of the second proportion; the average value of the yield is 30% higher than that of the first comparison ratio and 12% higher than that of the second comparison ratio; therefore, compared with the first comparative example and the second comparative example, the nutrient soil prepared by the embodiment has the effects of improving the fruit bearing rate of the blueberries and improving the quality of the single blueberries.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.