阅读说明：本技术 一种利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖制备的方法 (Method for preparing high-performance insulating brick by utilizing solid waste sludge ) 是由 周云龙 胡志彪 张夏红 于 2021-09-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种利用固废淤泥制备高性能保温砖制备的方法,具体步骤为：(1)将煤矸石、铁尾矿、页岩和硼镁泥混合后加入至固废淤泥中搅拌均匀后制得混合淤泥；(2)将混合淤泥部分脱水后加入助熔剂和成孔剂,混合均匀后放入液压成型机中制成砖坯；(3)将砖坯烘干后放入炉窑中烧制即可制得所述保温砖。本发明所提供的制备方法以外加成孔剂制作保温砖,克服了淤泥等固体废弃物原料活性低、成型困难的难题,为淤泥基烧结砖提高附加值,拓宽其应用范围。本发明所提供的制备方法制得的保温砖还具有优异的保温性能和抗压性能,利用淤泥制砖,不仅消除污染,还节约了资源,保护了城市环境,有效地实现废物再次利用,能够带来良好的经济效益。(The invention discloses a method for preparing a high-performance insulating brick by utilizing solid waste sludge, which comprises the following specific steps: (1) mixing coal gangue, iron tailings, shale and boron-magnesium mud, adding the mixture into the solid waste sludge, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed sludge; (2) dehydrating the mixed sludge, adding a fluxing agent and a pore-forming agent, uniformly mixing, and putting into a hydraulic forming machine to prepare a green brick; (3) and drying the green bricks and then putting the dried green bricks into a kiln to be fired to obtain the heat-insulating brick. The preparation method provided by the invention uses the pore-forming agent to prepare the insulating brick, overcomes the problems of low activity and difficult molding of solid waste raw materials such as sludge and the like, improves the added value of the sludge-based sintered brick and widens the application range of the sludge-based sintered brick. The insulating brick prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention also has excellent insulating property and compression resistance, and the brick is made by using sludge, so that the pollution is eliminated, the resource is saved, the urban environment is protected, the waste is effectively recycled, and good economic benefit can be brought.)

1. A method for preparing a high-performance insulating brick by utilizing solid waste sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) mixing coal gangue, iron tailings, shale and boron-magnesium mud, adding the mixture into the solid waste sludge, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed sludge;

(2) dehydrating the mixed sludge, adding a fluxing agent and a pore-forming agent, uniformly mixing, and putting into a hydraulic forming machine for hydraulic forming to prepare a green brick;

(3) and drying the green bricks and then putting the dried green bricks into a kiln to be fired to obtain the heat-insulating brick.

2. The method for preparing high-performance insulating bricks by using solid waste sludge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the sludge in the step (1) is river sludge; the moisture content of the sludge is 60-70%.

3. The method for preparing high-performance insulating bricks by using solid waste sludge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the boron content in the boron magnesium mud is 0.1-1.5%.

4. The method for preparing high-performance insulating bricks by using solid waste sludge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the weight parts of the raw materials in the step (1) are as follows: 10-12 parts of coal gangue, 13-15 parts of iron tailings, 7-10 parts of shale, 3-7 parts of boron-magnesium mud and 200 parts of silt.

5. The method for preparing high-performance insulating bricks by using solid waste sludge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the fluxing agent is quicklime, and the pore-forming agent is waste in calcium silicate production.

6. The method for preparing high-performance insulating bricks by using solid waste sludge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the pressure of the hydraulic forming in the step (2) is 25-30 MPa.

7. The method for preparing high-performance insulating bricks by using solid waste sludge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fluxing agent and the pore-forming agent in the step (2) are as follows in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of fluxing agent and 2-8 parts of pore-forming agent.

8. The method for preparing high-performance insulating bricks by using solid waste sludge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the drying in the step (3) is microwave heating drying.

9. The method for preparing high-performance insulating bricks by using solid waste sludge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the firing temperature is 900-1000 ℃, and the firing time is 6-10 h.

10. An insulating brick prepared by the method for preparing a high-performance insulating brick by using solid waste sludge according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the main raw materials of the insulating brick are coal gangue, iron tailings, shale, boron-magnesium mud and solid waste sludge; the insulating brick also contains waste materials in the production of quicklime and calcium silicate.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste sludge recycling, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a high-performance insulating brick by using solid waste sludge.

Background

The water network with numerous rivers and complicated complexity in China brings rich water resources and convenient transportation to people; but are affected by environmental and human factors, such as: along with the increasing of urban population, a large amount of garbage and sludge are easily accumulated in river channels, and the increase of sludge in the river channels can not only obstruct the flow of river water, but also possibly cause flood disasters in the rainwater flood season, thereby threatening the safety of people around; therefore, one of the major tasks in river treatment is the cleaning of river sludge (Xuyang, Hades, Yandes, Yan, Chi Zhou Tian, Shaoyong, Ruiyang Red. urban river sludge characteristics and improvement test initial exploration [ J ]. hydrogeological engineering geology, 2013,01: 110-. However, as the river cleaning work is carried out, the generated large amount of sludge can not only damage the surrounding water and soil environment again, but also seriously affect the environmental appearance of the city if the sludge is treated by the traditional treatment method (such as open-air stacking, deep burying and the like).

In recent years, human beings have entered the era of exploring sustainable development of social economy, and China also puts forward a way to save development. In order to achieve the goal of sustainable development, not only natural resources are to be saved and ecological environment protection is to be enhanced, but also the promotion of the energy-saving and environment-friendly green building material industry is to be encouraged. The river sludge is used for making bricks, so that pollution is eliminated, resources are saved, the urban environment is protected, and waste reutilization is effectively realized; in addition, the insulating brick manufactured by the river sludge also has better heat insulation and heat preservation performance and durability (Wangzaiyu, Wengjingjingjingjiu, Tuhaoshi, Lilubao, Wangweisan. basic research on the production of sintered bricks by the river sludge [ J ]. novel building material, 2010,06: 24-26.). At present, more and more achievements have been made on the research on the thermal insulation bricks manufactured by using river sludge, but various problems of low sludge utilization efficiency, poor performance of the manufactured thermal insulation bricks and the like still exist. Therefore, it is very significant to develop a method for preparing the insulating brick with better performance by using various industrial wastes (such as iron tailings, coal gangue and the like) and river sludge as main raw materials.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a high-performance insulating brick by utilizing solid waste sludge.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is:

a method for preparing a high-performance insulating brick by utilizing solid waste sludge comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing coal gangue, iron tailings, shale and boron-magnesium mud, adding the mixture into the solid waste sludge, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed sludge;

(2) dehydrating the mixed sludge, adding a fluxing agent and a pore-forming agent, uniformly mixing, and putting into a hydraulic forming machine to prepare a green brick;

(3) and drying the green bricks and then putting the dried green bricks into a kiln to be fired to obtain the heat-insulating brick.

Preferably, the sludge in step (1) is river sludge; the moisture content of the sludge is 60-70%.

Preferably, the content of boron in the boron magnesium mud in the step (1) is 0.1-1.5%.

Preferably, the weight parts of the raw materials in the step (1) are as follows: 10-12 parts of coal gangue, 13-15 parts of iron tailings, 7-10 parts of shale, 3-7 parts of boron-magnesium mud and 200 parts of silt.

Preferably, the fluxing agent in the step (2) is quicklime, and the pore-forming agent is waste material in calcium silicate production.

Preferably, the pressure of the hydroforming in step (2) is 25 to 30 MPa.

Preferably, the weight parts of the fluxing agent and the pore-forming agent in step (2) are as follows: 1-5 parts of fluxing agent and 2-8 parts of pore-forming agent.

Preferably, the drying in step (3) is microwave heating drying.

Preferably, the firing temperature in the step (3) is 900-.

The insulating brick prepared by the method for preparing the high-performance insulating brick by utilizing the solid waste sludge has the main raw materials of coal gangue, iron tailings, shale, boron-magnesium mud and solid waste sludge; the insulating brick also contains waste materials in the production of quicklime and calcium silicate.

Compared with the existing method for preparing the high-performance insulating brick by utilizing the solid waste sludge, the method has the following principle and gain effects:

1. the method for preparing the high-performance insulating brick by utilizing the solid waste sludge selects the river sludge, the coal gangue, the iron tailings, the boron-magnesium sludge and the shale as basic raw materials and is mainly based on the following points: first, the iron tailings are the largest amount of iron ore waste at present, and have high silicon content, and some iron tailings are SiO₂The content of the heat-insulating brick can reach 75 percent, and the strength of the heat-insulating brick can be greatly improved by adding the heat-insulating brick into river sludge. Secondly, China is a big coal country, a large amount of coal gangue which cannot be treated is generated in the coal mining and processing processes, the coal gangue is added into river silt to be used as an internal fuel of a brick blank, the internal and external heating rates of the brick blank are more uniform in the firing process of the heat-insulating brick, the cracking and deformation of the brick blank caused by the internal and external temperature difference in the firing process are avoided, the energy consumption in the firing process is effectively reduced, and resources are saved. Thirdly, shale is cheap and easily available stone, and the shale is granulated and added into river sludge to increase the strength of the prepared brick body. Fourthly, the boron-magnesium mud is waste residue generated in the borax production process of the boron-magnesium ore, the main component of the boron-magnesium mud is magnesium oxide, and the boron-magnesium mud also contains calcium oxide, aluminum oxide and trace borax, and the boron-magnesium mud is added into the river sludge, so that the heat insulation performance of the prepared brick blank can be effectively improved, and the strength of the brick blank can be further improved.

2. The method for preparing the high-performance insulating brick by using the solid waste sludge provided by the invention utilizes waste materials (such as cutting scraps and grinding dust) in the calcium silicate production process as pore-forming agents, so that the open pores of the prepared insulating brick can be effectively increased, and the volume density of the brick is reduced.

3. The method for preparing the high-performance heat-insulating brick by utilizing the solid waste sludge provided by the invention utilizes the solid waste such as the river sludge to prepare the heat-insulating brick, and provides a new way for the comprehensive utilization of the solid waste resources such as the river sludge.

4. The method for preparing the high-performance heat-insulating brick by utilizing the solid waste sludge overcomes the problems of low activity and difficult forming of solid waste raw materials such as sludge and the like, improves the added value of the sludge-based sintered brick and widens the application range of the sludge-based sintered brick.

5. The method for preparing the high-performance insulating brick by utilizing the solid waste sludge, provided by the invention, has the advantages of simple process, mild condition, good repeatability, contribution to industrial popularization and the like, provides a new method for preparing the high-performance insulating brick by utilizing the solid waste sludge industrially, and develops a new idea.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It is also to be understood that the following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and that the particular materials, reaction times and temperatures, process parameters, etc. listed in the examples are exemplary only and are intended to be exemplary of suitable ranges, and that insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention by those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

The microwave drying equipment used in the embodiment of the invention is purchased from Shandong Qianzhong microwave equipment Co.

The waste materials used in the production process of calcium silicate in the embodiment of the invention can be purchased in the market and treated according to the following method after being received: the waste material in the production process of calcium silicate is crushed and sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, and the main components of the powder obtained by analysis and test are xonotlite 86%, the water content is 6%, and the balance is other impurities.

The iron tailings used in the embodiment of the invention are crushed before use, and then a laser diffraction particle size analyzer is used for particle size test, so that the average particle size is 0.416 mu m.

The coal gangue used in the embodiment of the invention needs to be crushed before use, and then a laser diffraction particle size analyzer is used for particle size test, and the average particle size is 0.527 mu m.

The shale used in the embodiment of the invention is crushed before use, and then the laser diffraction particle size analyzer is used for particle size test, and the average particle size is 0.380 μm.

The boron-magnesium mud used in the embodiment of the invention is subjected to ICP-OES detection before use to determine the content of boron, and the result is 0.3%.

The water content of the river sludge used in the embodiment of the invention is detected before use, and the result is 68.5%.

Example 1:

the specific steps for preparing the high-performance insulating brick by utilizing the solid waste sludge are as follows:

(1) mixing 10 parts of coal gangue, 15 parts of iron tailings, 7 parts of shale and 3 parts of boron-magnesium mud, adding the mixture into 200 parts of solid waste sludge, and uniformly stirring the obtained mixture to obtain mixed sludge;

(2) naturally airing the mixed sludge prepared in the step (1) indoors for 2 days, controlling the average temperature to be 26 ℃ and the humidity to be 70% during airing, and measuring the water content in the partially dehydrated mixed sludge to be 29.7% after airing; adding 2 parts of quicklime and 3 parts of waste materials in the calcium silicate production process into the partially dehydrated mixed sludge, uniformly mixing, and putting into a hydraulic forming machine to prepare a green brick under the pressure of 30 MPa;

(3) placing the green bricks prepared in the step (2) into microwave drying equipment for microwave heating and drying, setting the microwave power to be 300W, the microwave heating temperature to be 80 ℃, the microwave heating time to be 1h, and measuring the water content of the green bricks to be 2.4% after drying; and putting the dried green bricks into a kiln, firing for 7 hours at 950 ℃, and taking out of the kiln to obtain the insulating brick.

The prepared insulating brick is characterized according to the national standard GB26538-2011, and the result is as follows: the heat transfer coefficient is 0.13/W (m)²·K)^-1Compressive strength of 131kg/cm³The volume weight is 1.36g/cm³The porosity was 77.1%.

Example 2:

the specific steps for preparing the high-performance insulating brick by utilizing the solid waste sludge are as follows:

(1) mixing 12 parts of coal gangue, 13 parts of iron tailings, 10 parts of shale and 7 parts of boron-magnesium mud, adding the mixture into 200 parts of solid waste sludge, and uniformly stirring the obtained mixture to obtain mixed sludge;

(2) naturally airing the mixed sludge prepared in the step (1) indoors for 2 days, controlling the average temperature to be 26 ℃ and the humidity to be 70% during airing, and measuring the water content in the partially dehydrated mixed sludge to be 29.1% after airing; adding 5 parts of quicklime and 8 parts of waste materials in the production process of calcium silicate into the partially dehydrated mixed sludge, uniformly mixing, and putting into a hydraulic forming machine to prepare a green brick under the pressure of 30 MPa;

(3) placing the green bricks prepared in the step (2) into microwave drying equipment for microwave heating and drying, setting the microwave power to be 300W, the microwave heating temperature to be 80 ℃, the microwave heating time to be 1h, and measuring the water content of the green bricks to be 2.1% after drying; and putting the dried green bricks into a kiln, firing for 7 hours at 950 ℃, and taking out of the kiln to obtain the insulating brick.

The prepared insulating brick is characterized according to the national standard GB26538-2011, and the result is as follows: the heat transfer coefficient is 0.11/W (m)²·K)^-1Compressive strength of 129kg/cm³The volume weight is 1.31g/cm³The porosity was 78.2%.

Example 3:

the experimental steps for preparing the high-performance insulating brick by using the solid waste sludge are as in reference example 2, except that the amount of the waste in the calcium silicate production process in the step (2) is adjusted to 2 parts, and the rest steps are the same as those in example 2. The prepared insulating brick is characterized according to the national standard GB26538-2011, and the result is as follows: the heat transfer coefficient is 0.14/W (m)²·K)^-1Compressive strength of 128kg/cm³The volume weight is 1.39g/cm³The porosity was 73.7%.

Example 4:

the experimental steps for preparing the high-performance insulating brick by using the solid waste sludge are as in reference example 2, except that the pressure of a hydraulic forming machine for pressing green bricks in step (2) is adjusted to be 25MPa, and the rest steps are the same as in example 2. The prepared insulating brick is characterized according to the national standard GB26538-2011, and the result is as follows: the heat transfer coefficient is 0.13/W (m)²·K)^-1Compressive strength of 125kg/cm³The volume weight is 1.29g/cm³The porosity was 78.6%.

Comparative example 1:

the experimental steps for preparing the high-performance insulating brick by using the solid waste sludge are as in reference example 2, except that the amount of the boron-magnesium sludge in the step (1) is adjusted to 0 part, and the rest steps are the same as those in example 2. The prepared insulating brick is characterized according to the national standard GB26538-2011, and the result is as follows: the heat transfer coefficient is 0.21/W (m)²·K)^-1The compressive strength is 92kg/cm3, the volume weight is 0.91g/cm3, and the porosity is 65.7%.

Comparative example 2:

the experimental steps for preparing the high-performance insulating brick by using the solid waste sludge are as in reference example 2, except that the amount of the waste in the calcium silicate production process in the step (2) is adjusted to 0 part, and the rest steps are the same as those in example 2. The prepared insulating brick is characterized according to the national standard GB26538-2011, and the result is as follows: the heat transfer coefficient is 0.37/W (m)²·K)^-1The compressive strength is 99kg/cm³The volume weight is 0.82g/cm³The porosity was 51.2%.

Comparative example 3:

the experimental steps for preparing the high-performance insulating brick by using the solid waste sludge are as in reference example 2, except that the amount of the iron tailings in the step (1) is adjusted to 0 part, and the rest steps are the same as those in example 2. The prepared insulating brick is characterized according to the national standard GB26538-2011, and the result is as follows: the heat transfer coefficient is 0.28/W (m)²·K)^-1Compressive strength of 85kg/cm³The volume weight is 0.87g/cm³The porosity was 60.4%.

Comparative example 4:

the experimental steps for preparing the high-performance insulating brick by using the solid waste sludge are as in reference to example 2, except that the microwave heating and drying in step (3) is changed into the traditional heating and drying, the heating temperature is 80 ℃, the water content of the green brick is reduced to 2.1% only after the green brick is dried for 21 hours, and the rest steps are the same as those in example 2. The prepared insulating brick is characterized according to the national standard GB26538-2011, and the result is as follows: the heat transfer coefficient is 0.11/W (m)²·K)^-1Compressive strength of 128kg/cm³The volume weight is 1.30g/cm³The porosity was 78.1%.

The results show that the insulating brick prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has excellent insulating property and compression resistance, and the sludge is used for making bricks, so that the pollution is eliminated, the resources are saved, the urban environment is protected, the waste reutilization is effectively realized, and good economic benefit can be brought.