阅读说明：本技术 具有驱动系统的开关装置和用于驱动开关装置的方法 (Switching device with a drive system and method for driving a switching device ) 是由 K·艾克斯迈尔 E·纳格尔 E·策尔 于 2020-04-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：开关装置包括开关(17)和用于开关(17)的伺服驱动系统。所述伺服驱动系统具有用于驱动开关(17)的马达(12)、用于给马达(12)供给能量的功率部件(11)以及用于根据至少一个额定值来操控功率部件(11)的、实施成可编程的安全控制器的控制单元(10)。(The switching device comprises a switch (17) and a servo drive system for the switch (17). The servo drive system comprises a motor (12) for driving a switch (17), a power component (11) for supplying energy to the motor (12), and a control unit (10) which is designed as a programmable safety controller and is used for controlling the power component (11) according to at least one rated value.)

1. Switching device (1) comprising a switch (17) and a servo drive system (2) for the switch (17), the servo drive system (2) comprising:

a motor (12) for driving the switch (17);

a power unit (11) for supplying energy to the motor (12); and

a control unit (10) designed as a programmable safety controller for controlling the power components (11) as a function of a setpoint value.

2. The switching device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the control unit (10) comprises a first and a second processor unit (6, 7); and

is designed to execute a program for implementing switching instructions for the switch (17), which program is executed in parallel by the first and second processor units (6, 7).

3. The switching device (1) according to claim 2, wherein the control unit (10) is designed to implement at least one correction between the first and second processor units (6, 7) during execution of the program.

4. The switching device (1) according to claim 3, wherein the control unit (10) is designed to introduce a safety measure depending on the result of the at least one correction.

5. The switching device (1) according to claim 4, wherein the safety measure comprises triggering a power switch (20) to disconnect an operating means associated with the switch (17) from the grid.

6. The switching device (1) according to any of claims 4 or 5, wherein the safety measure comprises safely stopping the motor (12).

7. The switching device (1) according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the safety measure comprises shutting down or locking the power component (11).

8. The switching device (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the control unit (10) is designed to carry out a comparison between the process image of the first processor unit (6) and the process image of the second processor unit (7) during the execution of the program.

9. The switching device (1) according to any of claims 2 to 8, wherein the hardware of the first processor unit (6) is different from the hardware of the second processor unit (7).

10. The switching device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a control unit (10) is designed for checking a blocking condition of two or more components of the switching device.

11. The switching device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the control unit (10) has an input and an output, which are designed as a clocked input or output.

12. The switching device (1) according to claim 11, wherein the control unit (10) is designed to check the presence of a lateral connection by means of an input signal applied to the input and/or an output signal applied to the output.

13. The switching device (1) according to any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the switch (1) is an on-load tap changer or an on-load diverter switch or a selector or a double commutator or a pre-selector or a power switch or a load switch or a circuit breaker.

14. A method for driving a switching device, the method comprising:

operating the power components (11) of the switching device according to a target value by means of a programmable safety controller; and is

-realizing a switching command for a switch (17) of the switching device;

wherein the program is executed in parallel by the two processor units (6, 7) in order to implement the switching instruction.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a switching device having a switch and a drive system for the switch, and to a method for driving the switch.

Background

In a substation, there are a plurality of switches for different tasks and with different requirements. In order to actuate the respective switches, these switches must be actuated by means of a drive system. These switches are in particular on-load tap changers, on-load change-over switches, selectors, double commutators, preselectors, power switches, load switches or circuit breakers.

Thus, on-load tap changers are used, for example, for the uninterrupted changeover between different winding taps of an electrically operated device (for example, a power transformer or an adjustable choke valve). This allows, for example, the transmission ratio of the transformer or the inductance of the choke to be varied. The double commutator is used to reverse the polarity of the windings during operation of the power transformer.

All these switches are high-level safety-relevant components of the electrically operated device, since the switching takes place during operation of the operated device and correspondingly, for example, are connected to the power grid. In extreme cases, a failure at run-time can have serious technical and economic consequences.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved concept for a drive switch, in particular an on-load tap changer, an on-load diverter switch, a selector, a double commutator, a preselector, a power switch, a load switch or a circuit breaker, by means of which the safety of operation is increased.

The object is achieved by the corresponding subject matter of the independent claims. Other embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

The improved concept is based on the idea that the drive system is designed as a servo drive system and that the drive system is equipped with a programmable safety controller, by means of which the power components of the drive system are controlled or regulated.

According to a further development of the invention, a switching device is provided which comprises a switch and a servo drive for the switch. The servo drive system has a motor for driving a switch, a power component for supplying energy to the motor, and a control unit designed as a programmable safety controller for actuating the power component as a function of at least one setpoint value.

The switch can be configured as an on-load tap changer or an on-load diverter switch or selector or double commutator or preselector or power switch or load switch or circuit breaker.

The drive system that electronically regulates the motor is called a servo drive system, wherein the regulation may comprise: position, angle, or condition adjustment; speed or rotational speed regulation; adjusting acceleration; and/or torque regulation. The term "servo drive system" therefore implies: the drive system has a device for detecting one or more of the regulating variables and for feeding back a corresponding feedback signal to the control unit, and the regulation takes place by means of the feedback signal.

The actuation of the power components as a function of the at least one setpoint value corresponds to a regulation in this sense.

The programmable safety controller is referred to as a controller for short, which comprises two processor units, in particular two programmable memory controllers SPS. The two processor units use the same process image at the input and output of the control unit and execute the application programs stored in the control unit in parallel.

According to at least one embodiment, the application includes a plurality of indications. When the indication is implemented by the control unit, this results in the power component being operated according to the nominal value. The motor and ultimately the switch are thereby driven in order to carry out one or more operations, for example switching between two winding taps of the operating device or a part of the switching, for example load changeover, selector actuation or preselector actuation. According to at least one embodiment, the motor for driving the switch, in particular the on-load tap changer, the on-load diverter switch, the selector, the double commutator, the preselector, the circuit breaker, the load switch, is coupled to the shaft or other components of the switch, in particular the on-load tap changer, the on-load diverter switch, the selector, the double commutator, the preselector, the circuit breaker, the load switch, via one or more gear mechanisms.

According to at least one embodiment, the power component is designed as a converter, in particular a servo converter, or as an equivalent electronic unit, in particular an all-electronic unit, for driving the machine.

According to at least one embodiment, the control unit comprises a first and a second processor unit. The control unit is designed to execute a program, in particular an application program, for implementing the switching instructions for the switches, wherein the first and second processor units execute the program in parallel.

The operational safety of the switching device is increased by the use of a programmable safety controller as a control unit and the redundancy associated therewith.

According to at least one embodiment, the control unit is designed to carry out at least one correction, in particular a continuous correction, between the first and second processor units during the execution of the program.

According to at least one embodiment, the correction comprises a comparison, in particular a loop comparison, of the process image of the first processor unit with the process image of the second processor unit.

According to at least one embodiment, the control unit is designed to introduce safety measures as a function of the result of the at least one correction or process image comparison, in particular in the event of a negative result.

According to at least one embodiment, the safety measures include a safety shutdown of the motor, a locking or shutdown of the power components or the triggering of a power switch which connects or disconnects the operating device to the electrical network. The motor is safely shut down, in particular, in that the on-load tap changer is in a safe position after the safe shut-down. The introducing of the safety measure comprises outputting at least one safety signal.

According to at least one embodiment, said safely shutting down the motor comprises a safety function corresponding to a shut down category according to the industry standard EN602041:2006, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

According to at least one embodiment, the safely shutting down the motor includes a safe torque off STO safety function, a level 1 safety shutdown SS1 safety function, a level 2 safety shutdown SS2 safety function, or a safe operation shutdown SOS safety function.

According to at least one embodiment, the hardware of the first processor unit is different from the hardware of the second processor unit.

This provides a multiplicity of redundancies which further increase the operational safety.

According to at least one embodiment, the control unit is designed to check the blocking condition of two or more components of the switching device.

The components of the switching device may comprise components of a switch, such as an on-load tap changer comprising a selector, a pre-selector, a polarity circuit or an on-load tap changer.

The components of the switching device may also comprise components which are not part of the switch, in particular components of a further switch of the switching device or other switching components of the switching device. In both switches designed as on-load tap changers, these can be, for example, on-load tap changers for different phases of the power network. The other switching components may include, for example, double commutators, power switches, load switches.

In this case, the blocking condition may correspond to the specification that one of the components is allowed to be actuated or not allowed to be actuated only when the other of the components is in a defined state, for example a defined position, a defined switching state or a defined movement state.

According to at least one embodiment, the control unit is designed to introduce safety measures as a function of the result, in particular in the event of a negative result of checking the blocking condition.

The safety of operation can be further increased by checking the blocking condition and, if necessary, introducing safety measures, without the need for special structural measures for the switch, in particular the on-load tap changer or other components, such as mechanical or electromechanical systems, cam switches or the like.

According to at least one embodiment, the switching device is associated with an electrically operated component, for example a power transformer or a phase-shifting transformer.

According to at least one embodiment, the control unit has an input and an output, which are designed as a clocked input or output.

According to at least one embodiment, the control unit is designed to check the presence of a transverse connection by means of an input signal applied to the input and/or by means of an output signal applied to the output.

A short circuit between connecting wires of two adjacent inputs or outputs is called a transverse connection.

According to at least one embodiment, the control unit is designed to introduce safety measures as a function of the result of the check, in particular if a transverse connection is present.

According to the improved concept, a method for driving a switching device is also presented. The method comprises controlling power components of the switching device according to a setpoint value by means of a programmable safety controller and carrying out a switching command for switching the switching device. The switching instructions are implemented by executing programs in parallel via two processor units.

Other embodiments and embodiments of the method are directly derived from the different embodiments of the switching device. In particular, a single or a plurality of the components described in relation to the switching device and/or the device for carrying out the method can be implemented accordingly.

Drawings

The invention will be explained in detail below with the aid of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. Identical or functionally equivalent parts can be provided with the same reference numerals. The same components or components with the same function can be explained with reference only to the figures, in which they first appear. The explanation is not necessarily repeated in the subsequent drawings.

In the drawings:

fig. 1 shows a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of a switching device according to the improved concept; and

fig. 2 shows a schematic view of another exemplary embodiment of a switching device according to the idea of the improvement.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of a switching device according to the improved concept with a switch 17 and a servo drive system which is connected with the switch 17 via a drive shaft 16. The servo drive system 2 comprises a motor 12 which can drive said drive shaft 16 via a motor shaft 14 and optionally via a transmission 15. The control device 3 of the servo drive 2 comprises a power unit 11, for example comprising a servo converter, for the controlled or regulated energy supply to the motor 12 and a control unit 10 for actuating the power unit 11, for example via a bus 18.

The servo drive 2 can have an encoder system 13 which serves as or is part of a feedback system and is connected to the power component 11. Furthermore, the encoder system 13 is coupled directly or indirectly to the drive shaft 16.

The encoder system 13 is designed to detect the position, in particular the value of the angular position, for example the absolute angular position, of the drive shaft 16 and to generate a feedback signal on the basis thereof. To this end, the encoder system 13 may comprise, for example, an absolute value encoder, in particular a multi-turn absolute value encoder, which is fixed on the drive shaft 16, the motor shaft 14 or another shaft whose position is unambiguously linked to the absolute position of the drive shaft 17. For example, the position of the drive shaft 17 may be unambiguously determined from the position of the motor shaft 14, for example by means of the transmission ratio of the transmission 14. The control device 3, in particular the control unit 10 and/or the power component 11, is provided for controlling or regulating the motor 12 as a function of the feedback signal.

The fixing of the absolute value encoder for example implements a combination of a form-locking connection and a force-locking or material-locking connection.

The control unit 10 is implemented as a programmable safety controller and comprises, for example, a controller 6, 7 of a first and a second programmable memory. In order to implement the switching instructions for the on-load tap changer, the controllers 6, 7 of the programmable memory execute the programs, for example, in parallel.

During execution of the program, the controllers 6, 7 of the programmable memory can be calibrated, in particular cyclically or continuously, to each other. The correction may for example comprise comparing the calculation results, a checksum or the like.

For example, the controllers 6, 7 of the programmable memory comprise different hardware components or are implemented in different types or models.

The inputs and outputs of the control unit 10 can be implemented as clocked inputs and outputs. The control unit can thus recognize beat deviations, for example deviations in the period duration or edges of the signal, from the comparison of the input signal with the output signal. On the basis of the beat deviations, for example, transverse connections can be detected.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of another exemplary embodiment of a switching device according to the improved concept, which is based on the embodiment according to fig. 1.

The switching device here optionally has a switch cabinet 21, inside which the control unit 10, the power components 11 and the optional human machine interface 19 are arranged. The human machine interface 19 is connected with the control unit 10 and can be used, for example, for control, maintenance or configuration purposes.

The motor 12, the motor shaft 14, the encoder system 13 and/or the transmission 15 may be arranged inside or outside the switchgear cabinet.

The switching device, in particular the control unit 10, is coupled to a safety device 20, which comprises, for example, a circuit breaker or a circuit breaker, in order to disconnect the switching device or an electrical operating device associated with the switching device from the power grid, for example, in the event of a fault or a malfunction of the tap changer.

The operating safety of the servo drive system, the on-load tap changer and the operating means is increased by the tap changer arrangement according to the improved concept. This is achieved in particular by the use of a programmable safety controller as a control unit and the redundancy associated therewith.

Reference numerals

1 switching device

2 Servo drive system

3 control device

6 controller of first processor unit/programmable memory

7 controller of second processor unit/programmable memory

10 control unit

11 power component

12 motor

13 encoder system

14 motor shaft

15 driving device

16 drive shaft

17 on-load tap-changer

18 bus

19 human-machine interface

20 safety device

21 switch cabinet