阅读说明：本技术 一种用于减磨加工可转位车铣复合刀片 (Indexable turning and milling composite blade for antifriction processing ) 是由 程耀楠 马春杰 关睿 张剑宇 周欢 盖小羽 于 2021-08-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种用于减磨可转位车铣复合刀片,属于重型切削领域。本发明主要解决重型切削过程中存在切削力大、断屑排屑困难、刀具磨损严重和切削效率低,以及刀具受机热-械载荷冲击引起受力状况差,切削热堆积在切削区域,散热条件差导致的刀-屑粘结,换刀次数频繁,辅助时间长等问题。本发明刀片为四棱台形状,刀片上表面中部区域设有波浪形凸台,与前刀面形成梯形导屑断屑槽；刀片切削刃设计为负倒棱切削刃,负倒棱切削刃附近设有多个水滴形凸起；每两条切削刃相交处为圆弧刃,每个圆弧刃处分布V形沟槽微织构,靠近V形沟槽微织构处设有三角形断屑凸台；主、副后刀面设有条形微织构,刀片上表面波浪形凸台几何中心处设有与车刀杆或铣刀盘连接的紧固螺钉孔,刀片底部设有圆环形散热槽。本发明用于以水室封头为典型零件的大型锻件车铣复合加工。(An indexable turning and milling composite blade for reducing abrasion belongs to the field of heavy cutting. The invention mainly solves the problems of large cutting force, difficult chip breaking and removal, serious cutter abrasion, low cutting efficiency, poor stress condition caused by mechanical heat-mechanical load impact on the cutter, accumulation of cutting heat in a cutting area, cutter-chip adhesion caused by poor heat dissipation condition, frequent cutter changing times, long auxiliary time and the like in the heavy cutting process. The blade is in a quadrangular frustum pyramid shape, and the middle area of the upper surface of the blade is provided with a wave-shaped boss which forms a trapezoidal chip guide and breaking groove with a front cutter surface; the cutting edge of the blade is designed into a negative chamfer cutting edge, and a plurality of water drop-shaped bulges are arranged near the negative chamfer cutting edge; the intersection of every two cutting edges is an arc edge, a V-shaped groove micro-texture is distributed at each arc edge, and a triangular chip breaking boss is arranged at the position close to the V-shaped groove micro-texture; the main and auxiliary rear cutter faces are provided with strip micro-textures, the geometric center of the wave-shaped boss on the upper surface of the blade is provided with a fastening screw hole connected with a turning cutter rod or a milling cutter disc, and the bottom of the blade is provided with an annular heat dissipation groove. The method is used for turning and milling combined machining of the large forging with the water chamber end enclosure as a typical part.)

1. The utility model provides a be used for compound blade of antifriction transposition turn-milling which characterized in that: the blade is designed in an integral structure, the shape of the blade is a quadrangular frustum pyramid shape, the horizontal section of the blade is centrosymmetric, and the blade is fixed on a lathe tool bar or a milling cutter disc through a fastening screw hole (8) at the geometric center; the blade is provided with negative chamfer cutting edges (3), an arc edge (5) is arranged at the intersection of every two negative chamfer cutting edges (3), V-shaped groove microtextures (4) are distributed near each arc edge (5) in an arrayed manner, and a triangular chip breaking boss (6) is arranged near each V-shaped groove microtexture (4); the upper surface of the blade is provided with a wave-shaped boss (7) which forms a trapezoid chip guide and breaking groove (9) with the front blade surface (1); the front knife face of the blade is provided with linearly arranged water drop-shaped bulges (2), the main knife face and the auxiliary knife face are distributed with strip-shaped microtextures (10), and the bottom of the blade is provided with a circular heat dissipation groove (11).

2. An indexable turning and milling composite insert for reducing wear according to claim 1, wherein: according to the bionics principle, the blade is provided with V-shaped groove microtextures (4) which are distributed in an array mode and have opening angles of 79 degrees, intervals of 260 mu m, widths of 135 mu m, lengths of 2.615mm and depths of 50 mu m at the position of the arc edge (5), so that the flow resistance of chips can be reduced, and a good anti-attrition effect is achieved.

3. An indexable turning and milling composite insert for reducing wear according to claim 1, wherein: the distance between the water drop-shaped bulge (2) and the adjacent negative chamfered cutting edge (3) is 45 degrees, and when the main deflection angle is 45 degrees in the cutting process, the feeding direction of the blade is parallel to the long axis direction of the water drop-shaped bulge (2).

4. An indexable turning and milling composite insert for reducing wear according to claim 1, wherein: the strip-shaped micro-texture (10) is arranged in the main flank and the auxiliary flank of the blade, the strip-shaped micro-texture with the length of 2.4mm, the width of 144 mu m, the pit depth of 20 mu m and the distance of 155 mu m is distributed below the negative chamfering cutting edge (3), the friction coefficient between the cutter and a workpiece is reduced, and the wear of the flank is slowed down.

5. An indexable turning and milling composite insert for reducing wear according to claim 1, wherein: the blade is provided with a triangular chip breaking boss (6) at a position close to the V-shaped groove microtexture (4), and has the capability of increasing the strength of the circular arc edge (5) and resisting tipping.

6. An indexable turning and milling composite insert for reducing wear according to claim 1, wherein: the geometric center of the wave-shaped boss (7) on the upper surface of the blade is provided with a fastening screw hole (8) connected with a turning cutter rod or a milling cutter head, and the bottom of the blade is provided with a circular ring-shaped heat dissipation groove (11).

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of cutting machining tools, and particularly relates to an indexable turning and milling composite blade for antifriction machining.

Background

The water chamber end enclosure is used as a key part of the nuclear island evaporator and is made of high-strength 508 III steel. The blank is formed by integral forging, the size, the weight and the machining allowance are very large, and the condition of the surface to be machined is severe. The 508 III steel is a typical difficult-to-machine material, has the phenomena of poor cutting performance, severe work hardening, low heat conductivity coefficient and the like, and has the problems of large cutting force at cutting temperature, high cutting temperature, difficult chip removal, severe cutter abrasion and the like in the cutting process so as to always restrict the efficient machining of parts of the nuclear island evaporator. When heavy milling or turning is carried out, the cutting force is large, the temperature of a cutting area is high, the abrasion, the damage and the bonding phenomena of the cutter are severe, the service life of the cutter is shortened, and the blade is frequently replaced. One of the effective ways for improving the cutting performance of the cutter is to change the parameters of the cutter, design a new chip breaking, chip removal and strengthening structure, arrange a reasonable surface micro-texture, play the effects of reducing abrasion and resisting wear, design a cutter which is composite in turning and milling, good in wear resistance and wide in application range, further improve the quality of a processed surface, reduce the abrasion of the cutter and reduce the processing cost, and have important practical application significance for solving the processing problem of the water chamber end enclosure.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an indexable and antifriction composite turning and milling blade, which mainly solves the problems that cutting force is large, cutting temperature is high, chip breaking and chip removal are difficult, cutting heat is accumulated in a contact area in the cutting process, heat dissipation conditions are poor, cutter-chip adhesion is caused, a cutter is seriously abraded, the number of times of tool changing is frequent and the like. The invention is designed with a multi-part chip breaking and removing and strengthening structure, so that the chip breaking and removing are easy in the cutting process, the abrasion of the cutter can be effectively reduced, the strength and the service life of the cutter are improved, and the cutting performance and the machining efficiency of the cutter are improved.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a composite blade for reducing wear, turning and milling is characterized in that the blade is in a quadrangular frustum pyramid shape, a wavy boss is arranged in the middle area of the upper surface of the blade, and the side surface of the wavy boss and the front cutter surface of the blade form a trapezoidal chip guide and breaking groove; the outer edges of four straight lines of the front cutter surface of the blade are designed as negative chamfered cutting edges, the intersection of every two cutting edges is an arc edge, and a plurality of linearly arranged water-drop-shaped bulges are respectively arranged near the negative chamfered cutting edges; v-shaped groove micro-textures are distributed at each arc edge, and a triangular chip breaking boss is arranged at the position close to the V-shaped groove micro-textures; the main knife face and the auxiliary knife face of the blade are provided with strip micro-textures, the geometric center of a wave-shaped boss on the upper surface of the blade is provided with a fastening screw hole connected with a turning knife rod or a milling cutter head, and the bottom of the blade is provided with an annular heat dissipation groove.

The invention has the advantages of

1. The blade adopts an integral structural design, the service life of the cutter can be prolonged, the wavy bosses are arranged on the upper surface of the blade, the effect of uniformly distributing stress can be achieved, the integral structural strength of the blade can be enhanced, and the shock resistance of the blade can be improved; when machining is carried out by using larger cutting parameters, the blade can bear larger thermal-mechanical load impact.

2. A trapezoidal chip guide and breaking groove is formed between the wavy boss on the upper surface of the blade and the front cutter surface, so that chips are curled and broken, the chips are discharged in time, and the cutting process is carried out stably; if under the cutting fluid condition of use, trapezoidal chip guide chip-breaker groove can improve lubricating efficiency, makes the smear metal flow out more smoothly, and the cooling effect is better.

3. Aiming at the characteristics of large heavy cutting depth and high cutting force, the blade adopts a design mode of four negative chamfered cutting edges, so that the strength of the cutting edges can be enhanced, the vibration in the cutting process is reduced, and the cutting is more stable; when a cutting edge is damaged and can not continue to cut, the negative chamfering cutting edge can be rotated by 90 degrees to cut, the cutting edge is protected, the shutdown tool changing time is reduced, the cutting efficiency is improved, and the processing cost is reduced.

4. The arc-shaped edge is arranged at the intersection of every two negative chamfered cutting edges, so that the strength of the cutting edges is enhanced, and the cutting process is more stable; a plurality of water-drop-shaped bulges are respectively arranged near the negative chamfered cutting edge and are uniformly distributed on the front cutter surface, and the distance between each water-drop-shaped bulge and the adjacent negative chamfered cutting edge is 45 degrees, so that the chip breaking capacity of the blade can be improved, and the abrasion of the front cutter surface can be effectively reduced; meanwhile, the contact area of the front cutter face of the blade and the cutting chips is reduced, the heat dissipation area of the blade is increased, and the cutting temperature is effectively reduced.

5. The V-shaped groove microtexture distributed in an array manner is arranged on the front cutter face of the blade close to the arc edge, so that the contact area between the cutter and a workpiece can be reduced, the surface friction of the workpiece can be reduced, the stress distribution of the blade can be improved, and the abrasion of the front cutter face of the blade can be slowed down; meanwhile, in the cutting process, small impurities such as abrasive dust and the like generated by friction can be contained, a small amount of cutting fluid can be stored, the lubricating effect of the cutting fluid is enhanced, the cutting is efficiently and stably carried out, the anti-friction effect is realized, and the quality and the surface integrity of the processed surface are improved.

6. The main cutter face and the auxiliary cutter face of the blade are respectively and uniformly distributed with strip-shaped microtextures, so that the contact area between the cutter and a workpiece is effectively reduced, the cutting heat accumulation is avoided, the cutting temperature is reduced, and the abrasion of the rear cutter face of the blade is slowed down; meanwhile, the micro-texture can balance the cutting force on the cutting edge, play a role in protecting the cutting edge and prolong the service life of the blade.

7. The triangular chip breaking lug boss is arranged near the arc blade of the blade, so that the strength of the tool tip can be enhanced, and the tool tip is prevented from tipping; meanwhile, the chip breaking capacity of the blade can be improved, chips are guided to flow out of the front cutter face, the chips are prevented from being wound to influence normal processing, and the abrasion of the front cutter face is effectively slowed down.

8. The geometric center of the blade is provided with a fastening screw hole, the blade can be arranged on a turning cutter rod or a milling cutter disc, the blade can be quickly turned, and the cutting efficiency is improved; meanwhile, the clamping device can play a role in fixing and clamping, and prevents the blade from rotating or sliding under the action of larger cutting force or friction force in the cutting process.

9. The bottom of the blade is provided with the annular heat dissipation groove, so that the effective heat dissipation area can be increased, and the rapid heat dissipation of the blade is facilitated; when the cutting fluid is used for processing, a small amount of cutting fluid can be contained, the overall temperature of the cutter is reduced to a certain extent, and the cutter blade keeps good cutting performance.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a top view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a front view of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a rear view of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at M;

fig. 6 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 4 at N.

In the drawings, reference numerals

1-a rake face; 2-water drop shaped protrusions; 3-negative chamfer cutting edge; 4-V-shaped groove microtexture; 5-arc edge; 6-triangular chip breaking boss; 7-wave-shaped boss; 8-fastening screw holes; 9-trapezoidal chip guide and breaking groove; 10-strip microtexture; 11-circular ring radiating groove.

Detailed Description

The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 6, and the indexable turning and milling composite insert for antifriction machining is designed in an integral structure, is in a quadrangular frustum pyramid shape, has a centrally symmetrical horizontal section, and is fixed on a turning tool rod or a milling cutter disc through a fastening screw hole (8) at the geometric center. The wavy boss (7) on the upper surface of the blade and the front blade surface (1) form a trapezoidal chip guide and breaking groove (9); the blade is provided with negative chamfer cutting edges (3), an arc edge (5) is arranged at the intersection of every two negative chamfer cutting edges (3), V-shaped groove microtextures (4) are distributed at each arc edge (5) in an arrayed manner, and a triangular chip breaking boss (6) is arranged at a position close to the V-shaped groove microtextures (4); the front knife face of the blade is linearly provided with a plurality of water drop-shaped bulges (2), the main knife face and the auxiliary knife face of the blade are distributed with strip-shaped microtextures (10), and the bottom of the blade is provided with a circular heat dissipation groove (11).

The second embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described by combining fig. 1 and fig. 5, the blade of the embodiment is provided with V-shaped groove microtexture (4) with an array distribution opening angle of 79 degrees, a spacing of 260 micrometers, a width of 135 micrometers, a length of 2.615mm and a depth of 50 micrometers at an arc edge (5) according to a bionics principle, so that the actual length of the contact between a knife and chips can be reduced, the flowing resistance of the chips can be reduced, a good anti-attrition effect can be achieved, the adhesive abrasion of a front knife surface (1) of the knife can be reduced, and the abrasion of the arc edge (5) can be reduced; the cutting tool has the capability of capturing fine cuttings, can reduce abrasive wear, and can enhance the wear resistance of the cutting tool; the V-shaped groove microtexture (4) can store a small amount of cutting fluid or lubricant, so that the lubricating effect of the cutting fluid is enhanced, and the cutting process is efficiently and stably carried out.

The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, in which the insert rake angle is 13 °, the insert relief angle is 9 °, the insert edge rake angle is 0 °, and the insert thickness S is 6.9 mm.

The fourth concrete implementation mode: the embodiment is described by combining fig. 1-3, the insert rake face (1) of the embodiment is provided with the linearly arranged water drop-shaped protrusions (2) which form 45 degrees with the adjacent negative chamfer cutting edges (3), so that the contact area between the insert rake face and chips can be reduced, and the cutting temperature can be effectively reduced; the front cutter face (1) and the wave-shaped lug boss (7) form a trapezoid chip guide and breaking groove (9), which is beneficial to fast breaking of chips and enables the cutting process to be smoothly and stably carried out.

The fifth concrete implementation mode: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 and 3, and the cutting edge of the insert of the embodiment adopts a negative chamfer cutting edge (3) design mode, so that the strength of the cutting edge can be enhanced, the vibration generated in the cutting process can be reduced, and the cutting is more stable; the arc-shaped edge (5) is arranged at the intersection of every two negative chamfered cutting edges (3), so that the shock resistance of the cutter is improved, and the strength of the cutting edges is enhanced.

The sixth specific implementation mode: the embodiment is described by combining fig. 1, and the triangular chip breaking boss (6) is arranged at the position, close to the wavy boss (7), of the blade in the embodiment, so that the strength of the blade tip can be enhanced, the blade tip is prevented from tipping, the mechanical vibration generated in the cutting process of the blade is reduced, and the quality of the machined surface of a workpiece is improved.

The seventh embodiment: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, 3, 4 and 6, the flank of the embodiment is a region where the blade directly contacts with the workpiece, the strip microtexture (10) is embedded in the main flank and the auxiliary flank, the strip microtexture (10) with the length of 2.4mm, the width of 144 μm, the pit depth of 20 μm and the distance of 155 μm is arranged and distributed below the negative chamfer cutting edge (3), severe friction and extrusion can occur between the machined surface and the flank of the tool, the reasonable microtexture can effectively reduce the contact area between the tool and the workpiece, reduce the friction coefficient between the tool and the workpiece, avoid the cutting force from being too large, effectively prevent the flank of the tool from being worn out prematurely, and prolong the service life of the tool.

The specific implementation mode is eight: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 4, and the bottom of the blade of the embodiment is provided with a circular ring-shaped heat dissipation groove (11), so that the effective heat dissipation area is increased, the cutting heat energy is rapidly dispersed from the bottom of the blade, and the overall temperature of the blade is reduced. The geometric center of the blade is provided with a fastening screw hole (8) which can be used for installing the blade on a lathe tool bar or a milling cutter disc.

In summary, the insert of the present invention is designed with negative chamfer cutting edges, V-shaped groove microtexture, strip microtexture, triangular chip breaking boss, etc., which can effectively improve the structural strength, wear reduction, heat dissipation, chip conduction and chip breaking of the cutter, and can solve the problems of difficult fracture of chips, serious abrasion and damage of the cutter, poor quality of processed surface, frequent tool changing, etc. during the process of processing 508 iii steel by most of the existing milling inserts and turning inserts, thereby improving the cutting efficiency and reducing the processing cost.