阅读说明：本技术 组合物 (Composition comprising a metal oxide and a metal oxide ) 是由 罗伯特·洛 于 2020-02-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种组合物,所述组合物包含(a)约6至约18重量％的R-1132a,(b)约5至约35重量％的R-32,和(c)约47至约89重量％的R-1234yf。还提供这种组合物在车辆,优选电动车辆的热泵系统中作为工作流体的用途。(The present invention provides a composition comprising (a) from about 6 to about 18 weight percent R-1132a, (b) from about 5 to about 35 weight percent R-32, and (c) from about 47 to about 89 weight percent R-1234 yf. There is also provided the use of such a composition as a working fluid in a heat pump system of a vehicle, preferably an electric vehicle.)

1. A composition, comprising:

(a) about 6 to about 18 weight percent R-1132a

(b) About 5 to about 35 weight percent R-32

(c) About 47 to about 89 weight percent R-1234 yf.

2. The composition of claim 1, comprising from about 6 to about 15 wt%, such as from about 7 to about 12 wt%, for example from about 7 to about 10 wt% R-1132 a.

3. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, comprising from about 6 to about 30 wt.%, such as from about 7 to about 20 wt.%, such as from about 8 to about 15 wt.%, preferably from about 9 to about 13 wt.% of R-32.

4. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising from about 55 to about 88 wt% R-1234yf, such as from about 60 to about 87 wt%, such as from about 75 to about 85 wt%, preferably from about 78 to about 84 wt%.

5. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the composition comprises from about 6 to about 10 wt% R-1132a, such as from 6 to about 7 wt%.

6. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the composition comprises from about 6 to less than about 30 wt% R-32, such as from about 7 to less than about 30 wt%.

7. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the composition comprises from about 55 to about 87 wt.%, such as from about 60 to about 84 wt.%, preferably from about 75 to about 84 wt.% R-1234 yf.

8. The composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises about 8 wt% R-1132a, about 11 wt% R-32, and about 81 wt% R-1234 yf.

9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises from about 6 to about 9 wt%, e.g., from about 6 to about 8 wt%, of R-1132 a.

10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises from about 7 to about 28 wt.%, such as from about 10 to about 25 wt.%, such as from about 12 to about 23 wt.%, preferably from about 14 to about 21 wt.%, even more preferably from about 15 to about 19 wt.% R-32.

11. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises from about 63 to about 85 wt.%, such as from about 67 to about 83 wt.%, preferably from about 69 to about 82 wt.%, even more preferably from about 72 to about 81 wt.% of R-1234 yf.

12. The composition of claims 1 and 9-11, wherein the composition comprises about 6 wt% R-1132a, about 20 wt% R-32, and about 74 wt% R-1234 yf.

13. A composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the tolerance (preferably manufacturing tolerance) for R-1132a is about ± 0.5 wt.%, the tolerance for R-32 is about ± 1 wt.% and the tolerance for R-1234yf is about ± 1.5 wt.%.

14. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, consisting essentially of the recited components.

15. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition has:

(ii) a higher lower flammability limit than R-1132a alone; (b) higher ignition energy; (c) higher auto-ignition temperatures; and/or (d) a lower burning rate.

16. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition has a burn rate of less than about 10cm/s, such as less than about 9cm/s, such as less than about 8cm/s, determined according to ASHRAE standard 34: 2019.

17. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is classified as weakly flammable ("class 2L") as determined according to ASHRAE standard 34: 2019.

18. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition has a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of less than about 400, such as less than about 150, preferably less than about 140.

19. A composition comprising a lubricant and the composition of any of the preceding claims, preferably wherein the lubricant is selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, silicone oil, polyalkyl benzenes (PABs), polyol esters (POE), polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), polyalkylene glycol esters (PAG esters), polyvinyl ethers (PVEs), poly (alpha-olefins), and combinations thereof, for example wherein the lubricant is selected from the group consisting of polyol esters (POE), polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), and combinations thereof.

20. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition has a temperature glide in an evaporator or condenser of less than about 12K, such as less than about 10K, such as less than about 5K.

21. The composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition can be operated in a heat pump mode at a temperature of less than about-15 ℃, such as less than about-20 ℃.

22. A composition according to any preceding claim, having a heat capacity greater than or about equal to R-1234 yf.

23. A composition according to any preceding claim having a volumetric cooling capacity greater than or about equal to R-1234 yf.

24. The composition of any one of the preceding claims having a cycle efficiency (coefficient of performance (COP)) greater than or about equal to or greater than R-1234 yf.

25. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is operated at a temperature of less than about-30 ℃.

26. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition condenses at a temperature above about 40 ℃.

27. The composition of any preceding claim, wherein the composition has a compressor discharge temperature within about 15K, preferably about 10K or about 5K, of an existing refrigerant fluid it replaces, optionally wherein the existing refrigerant fluid is R-1234 yf.

28. Use of a composition according to any preceding claim as a working fluid in a vehicle heat pump system, optionally wherein the vehicle is an electric vehicle.

29. Use of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 27 as a working fluid in an air conditioning system of a vehicle, such as an electric vehicle or a vehicle operating on an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE).

30. Use of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 27 as a replacement for an existing heat transfer fluid in a refrigeration or air conditioning system, preferably wherein the existing fluid is R-407C.

31. A heat transfer device comprising the composition of any of claims 1 to 27, preferably wherein the heat transfer device is a refrigeration device or an air conditioning device, for example wherein the heat transfer device comprises a residential or commercial air conditioning system, an air conditioning system of a train or bus, a heat pump, or a commercial or industrial refrigeration system.

32. A method for cooling an article, the method comprising condensing the composition of any one of claims 1 to 27, and thereafter evaporating the composition in the vicinity of the article to be cooled.

33. A method for heating an article, the method comprising condensing a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 27 in the vicinity of the article to be heated, and thereafter evaporating the composition.

Examples

A thermodynamic model of the R-1132a/R-32/R-1234yf fluid system was developed using the Span-Wagner equation of state implemented in the NIST REFPROP9.1 software. The pure fluid model of R-1132a was derived by measuring its vapor pressure from boiling point to critical point, determining the critical point, measuring the compressed liquid and vapor densities, and measuring the enthalpy content and heat capacity of the fluid in the liquid and vapor states. Next, the gas-liquid equilibrium behavior of a binary mixture of R-1132a with R-32 and R-1234yf was measured using a volumetric apparatus to measure the vapor pressure of a series of binary compositions over a range of temperatures and pressures from about-50 ℃ to +70 ℃. These data are then normalized to provide binary interaction parameters suitable for modeling the performance of the ternary mixture as a refrigerant using standard cycle modeling techniques.

Subsequently, a refrigeration/heat pump cycle was constructed in Microsoft Excel, linked to REFPROP software to provide thermodynamic characterization data of the mixture. The model was used to evaluate the performance of R-1234yf in air conditioning mode and heat pump mode. This model is then used to evaluate the performance of the fluid of the invention at the same delivered cooling or heating capacity.

Example 1: cooling mode performance

The compositions of the invention were modeled in cooling mode with R-1234yf as reference. The cycling conditions used were as follows:

table 1: circulation modeling conditions (Cooling mode)

The performance of selected compositions of the present invention in the cooling mode is given in tables 1 to 8 below. In the modeling, the expected pressure drop in the composition components was evaluated by reference to the specified pressure drop for R-1234 yf. The compressor displacement required to deliver a specified cooling capacity is calculated for each fluid and compared to R-1234 yf.

As can be seen from the performance data, the compositions of the present invention provide the following:

(a) improved energy efficiency (expressed as coefficient of performance) compared to R-1234 yf;

(b) higher volumetric cooling capacity than R-1234 yf. This allows the use of a smaller displacement compressor (thereby saving weight and/or space) or the use of a compressor that operates at a lower speed. The ability to run air conditioning at low compressor speeds is an important advantage of EV systems because lower compressor speeds translate into lower transmission noise for the cabin air conditioning system, further improving passenger comfort;

(c) moderate temperature glide in the evaporator and condenser.

Example 2: performance in heating mode

This model was then used to simulate the performance of selected compositions of the invention using the following cycle input conditions

Table 2: loop modeling Condition (heating mode)

The evaporator and condenser temperatures selected correspond to the desired air delivery temperature of the cabin operating at about-10 ℃ in the outside ambient air and about 50 ℃.

The performance of selected compositions of the present invention in the heating mode is shown in tables 9 to 16 below.

As can be seen from the performance data, the compositions of the present invention have the following advantages:

(a) a much higher heating capacity than R-1234 yf;

(b) improved energy efficiency (expressed as COP) compared to R-1234 yf;

(c) a higher suction pressure, thereby allowing it to operate the heat pump at lower ambient temperatures than are feasible/practicable with R-1234 yf;

(d) moderate temperature glide (typically less than about 10K).

Example 3: experimental testing

Compositions containing 8 wt% R-1132a, 11 wt% R-32 and 81 wt% R-1234yf were tested in an air conditioning/heat pump system of a Nissan Leaf electric vehicle under a range of cooling mode and heating mode conditions. The test was conducted according to SAE J2765 mobile air conditioning system performance evaluation criteria. The blends were tested in two states: first, the same compressor speed as R-1234yf was used; second, the compressor speed is adjusted to provide the blend with equivalent cooling or heating capacity.

The performance in both the cooling and heating modes is shown in fig. 1 and 2. Legend symbols show the compressor speed (idle/medium/high) and ambient temperature for each test point. The ambient temperature in the refrigeration mode is 25 ℃ to 60 ℃; the heating mode is-20 ℃ to 0 ℃.

It can be seen that the blend significantly improves energy efficiency in the cooling mode and heating capacity at low ambient temperatures in the heating mode, consistent with the modeling results of examples 1 and 2.