阅读说明：本技术 一种吸波纳米空腔碳胶囊的制备装置及方法 (Preparation device and method of wave-absorbing nano-cavity carbon capsule ) 是由 李雪琪 于 2021-09-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及纳米材料技术领域,具体涉及一种吸波纳米空腔碳胶囊的制备装置及方法；密封法兰与爆轰管拆卸连接,加热系统与爆轰管固定连接,第一导气管与爆轰管连通,第一气阀与第一导气管转动连接,气化容器与第一导气管连通,第二导气管与爆轰管连通,点火电极与密封法兰固定连接,加热系统加热气化容器和爆轰管,第一导气管往爆轰管导入气化的五羰基铁,第二导气管往爆轰管导入乙炔气体和氧气,点火电极点燃混合气体后,第一气阀打开第一导气管排气,打开密封法兰回收固体粉末得到所合成空腔型纳米碳胶囊,简单、高效、廉价并大量制备轻质空腔型纳米碳胶囊。(The invention relates to the technical field of nano materials, in particular to a device and a method for preparing a wave-absorbing nano cavity carbon capsule; sealing flange and detonation tube are dismantled and are connected, heating system and detonation tube fixed connection, first air duct and detonation tube intercommunication, first pneumatic valve rotates with first air duct to be connected, gasification container and first air duct intercommunication, second air duct and detonation tube intercommunication, ignition electrode and sealing flange fixed connection, heating system heats gasification container and detonation tube, the gasified iron pentacarbonyl is led into toward the detonation tube to first air duct, the second air duct is led into acetylene gas and oxygen toward the detonation tube, after the mixed gas was lighted to the ignition electrode, first air duct exhaust was opened to first air duct, open sealing flange and retrieve solid powder and obtain synthetic cavity type nanometer carbon capsule, and is simple, high-efficient, low-priced and prepares light cavity type nanometer carbon capsule in a large number.)

1. A preparation device of wave-absorbing nano-cavity carbon capsules, which is characterized in that,

including detonation tube, heating system, two sealing flanges, first pneumatic valve, first air duct, vacuum gauge, second pneumatic valve, second air duct, ignition electrode, gasification container and connecting pipe, two sealing flanges respectively with the detonation tube dismantles the connection, is located respectively detonation tube one side, heating system with detonation tube fixed connection all is located in the detonation tube, the detonation tube has gaseous detonation chamber, gaseous detonation chamber is located the detonation tube inside wall, first air duct with the detonation tube intercommunication, and run through the detonation tube, first pneumatic valve with first air duct rotates and connects, and runs through first air duct, gasification container with first air duct intercommunication, and is located first air duct keeps away from detonation tube one side, the second air duct with the detonation tube intercommunication, and run through the detonation tube, and be located and keep away from first air duct one side, ignition electrode with sealing flange fixed connection, and run through sealing flange, and be located and be close to second air duct one side, the second pneumatic valve with the second air duct rotates to be connected, and runs through the second air duct, the vacuum gauge with detonation tube fixed connection, and run through the detonation tube, the connecting pipe with the second air duct intercommunication, and be located the second air duct is close to second pneumatic valve one side.

2. The preparation method of the wave-absorbing nano-cavity carbon capsule is to use the preparation device of the wave-absorbing nano-cavity carbon capsule as claimed in claim 1, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the heating system heats the detonation tube and heats the gasification container, the gasification container contains iron organic matters, and the second valve is rotated to ensure that the connecting tube vacuumizes a gas detonation cavity of the detonation tube;

the first gas guide pipe guides the organic iron source gasified in the gasification container into the gas detonation chamber, and the second gas guide pipe guides acetylene gas into the gas detonation chamber;

the second gas guide pipe introduces oxygen into the gas detonation cavity, and the ignition flower detonates the mixed gas;

and cooling the detonation tube, opening the first gas guide tube by the first valve to remove mixed gas in the gas detonation cavity, opening the sealing flange, taking out a product, and cleaning to obtain the nano cavity carbon capsule.

3. The method for preparing the wave-absorbing nanometer hollow-cavity carbon capsule according to claim 2,

the organic iron source in the gasification container is one or a mixture of pentacarbonyl iron, nonacarbonyl diiron, dodecacarbonyl triiron, ferrocene and acetylacetone iron.

4. The method for preparing the wave-absorbing nanometer hollow-cavity carbon capsule according to claim 2,

the oxygen introduced by the second air duct is pure oxygen, and air or a mixture of oxygen and inert gas is not available.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of nano material synthesis, in particular to a device and a method for preparing a wave-absorbing nano cavity carbon capsule.

Background

The carbon capsule has the advantages of wide source, low price, small density, large specific surface area, many surface active sites and easy chemical modification, and is an excellent light electromagnetic wave absorbing material. According to multiple reflection effect, the hollow structure has higher loss to the electromagnetic wave, and when the carbon capsule overlaps, there is reasonable hole between the carbon layer, forms electromagnetic wave energy consumption structure, can effectual loss electromagnetic energy. In addition, based on a mature carbon material surface modification mechanism, the nano carbon capsule is easy to be prepared into electromagnetic wave absorption coating, so that the nano carbon capsule has good electromagnetic wave application potential.

At present, the method for synthesizing the nano carbon capsule is limited, the synthesis cost is high, and the main synthesis method comprises the following steps: arc discharge, chemical vapor deposition, explosive detonation, and the like. The arc discharge method has strict requirements on equipment, and the energy loss of the arc discharge method is large, so that the nano carbon capsule material is difficult to industrially produce; through long-time technical progress of the chemical vapor deposition method, the synthesized nanoparticle technology is mature, but high-temperature pyrolysis of organic and carbon-containing gas is required in the synthesis process of the carbon capsules, so that a large amount of energy is still consumed, and a plurality of carbon impurities are generated; although the explosive detonation method has simple process and high synthesis efficiency and can approach the industrial production, the explosive is required to be used for explosion in the synthesis process, and certain safety problems exist. In addition, due to the need of using explosive formulations, impurities are easily brought in, and the method is not suitable for synthesizing high-purity substances such as biomedicine. Therefore, it is important to develop a method for synthesizing nanocarbon capsules with high efficiency, high speed and high yield. Therefore, the invention adopts the acetylene and oxygen mixed gas doped with iron pentacarbonyl to synthesize the nano-carbon capsule by the gas detonation method, and can synthesize a large amount of light cavity type nano-carbon capsules in a very short time.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a device and a method for preparing a wave-absorbing nano-cavity carbon capsule, and aims to prepare a light cavity type nano-carbon capsule simply, efficiently and cheaply in a large scale.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a device for preparing a wave-absorbing nanocavity carbon capsule, comprising a detonation tube, a heating system, two sealing flanges, a first air valve, a first air duct, a vacuum gauge, a second air valve, a second air duct, an ignition electrode, and a gasification vessel, wherein the two sealing flanges are detachably connected to the detonation tube and located at one side of the detonation tube respectively, the heating system is fixedly connected to the detonation tube and located in the detonation tube, the detonation tube has a gas detonation chamber located at the inner side wall of the detonation tube, the first air duct is communicated with the detonation tube and penetrates through the detonation tube, the first air valve is rotatably connected to the first air duct and penetrates through the first air duct, the gasification vessel is communicated with the first air duct and located at one side of the detonation tube, the second air duct with detonation tube intercommunication, and run through detonation tube, and be located and keep away from first air duct one side, ignition electrode with sealing flange fixed connection, and run through sealing flange, and be located and be close to second air duct one side, the second pneumatic valve with the second air duct rotates to be connected, and runs through the second air duct, the vacuum gauge with detonation tube fixed connection, and run through detonation tube, the connecting pipe with the second air duct intercommunication, and be located the second air duct is close to second pneumatic valve one side is filled with the mixed of the iron pentacarbonyl of gasification and acetylene gas and oxygen in the detonation tube, after lighting the mist, retrieve solid powder and obtain synthetic cavity type nanocarbon capsule promptly.

In a second aspect, the preparation method of the wave-absorbing carbon nanocavity capsule comprises the following steps,

the heating system heats the detonation tube, heats the gasification container, gasifies iron-containing organic matters in the gasification container, and rotates the second valve to ensure that the connecting tube vacuumizes a gas detonation cavity of the detonation tube;

the first gas guide pipe guides the organic iron source gasified in the gasification container into the gas detonation chamber, and the second gas guide pipe guides acetylene gas into the gas detonation chamber;

the second gas guide pipe introduces oxygen into the gas detonation cavity, and the ignition flower detonates the mixed gas;

and cooling the detonation tube, opening the first gas guide tube by the first valve to remove mixed gas in the gas detonation cavity, opening the sealing flange, taking out a product, and cleaning to obtain the nano cavity carbon capsule.

Wherein the organic iron source in the gasification container is one or a mixture of iron pentacarbonyl, iron nonacarbonyl, ferroferric dodecacarbonyl, ferrocene and iron acetylacetonate.

The oxygen introduced by the second air duct is pure oxygen, and air or a mixture of oxygen and inert gas is not available.

The invention relates to a device for preparing a wave-absorbing nano cavity carbon capsule, wherein a heating system heats a detonation tube with the capacity of 10L to 135 ℃, a connecting tube is connected with a vacuumizing assembly, an acetylene storage box and an oxygen storage box, a second air valve is rotated to communicate a second air duct with the vacuumizing assembly through the connecting tube, so that the vacuumizing assembly vacuumizes a gas detonation cavity, when a vacuum gauge shows that the air pressure in the gas detonation cavity of the detonation tube reaches 0.05KPa, the second air valve 8 stops vacuumizing, the gasification container is heated to 135 ℃, so that liquid iron pentacarbonyl or iron nonacarbonyl powder in the gasification container is gasified, the second air valve is rotated to communicate the second air duct with the acetylene storage box through the connecting tube, and the second air duct injects 0.13mol of acetylene into the gas detonation cavity of the detonation tube, rotate the first pneumatic valve, make the gasification container with first air duct intercommunication, to the detonation tube gaseous detonation chamber pours into the already gasified iron pentacarbonyl, and the injection volume is 0.5g, rotates the second pneumatic valve, makes the second air duct passes through connecting pipe and oxygen storage box intercommunication make the oxygen storage box past inject 0.03mol oxygen into in the gaseous detonation chamber, keep warm for several minutes, treat gaseous natural mixing back in the gaseous detonation chamber, heating system stops the heating, through ignition electrode electric spark produces the mixed gas of detonation tube in the gaseous detonation chamber, the detonation finishes treating gaseous detonation chamber cools off the back, rotates the second pneumatic valve, makes the second pneumatic valve switch to exhaust state, makes the mixed gas in the gaseous detonation chamber through the second air duct discharges, opens the sealing flange will the detonation tube opens, collecting powder products deposited on the gas detonation cavity, cleaning and drying the powder products by absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain the cavity type nano carbon capsule.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a connection diagram of a device for preparing a wave-absorbing nanocavity carbon capsule provided by the invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for preparing the wave-absorbing nanocavity carbon capsule provided by the invention;

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of example 1;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of example 2;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of example 3;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of example 4.

In the figure: the device comprises a detonation pipe 1, a gas detonation cavity 2, a heating system 3, a sealing flange 4, a first air valve 5, a first air duct 6, a vacuum gauge 7, a second air valve 8, a second air duct 9, an ignition electrode 10, a gasification container 11 and a connecting pipe 12.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships illustrated in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Further, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.

Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the present invention provides a method for preparing a wave-absorbing nanocavity carbon capsule, including a detonation tube 1, a heating system 3, two sealing flanges 4, a first gas valve 5, a first gas guide tube 6, a vacuum gauge 7, a second gas valve 8, a second gas guide tube 9, an ignition electrode 10, a gasification container 11 and a connecting tube 12, wherein the two sealing flanges 4 are respectively detachably connected to the detonation tube 1 and respectively located at two sides of the detonation tube 1, the heating system 3 is fixedly connected to the detonation tube 1 and located in the detonation tube 1, the detonation tube 1 has a gas detonation chamber 2, the gas detonation chamber 2 is located at an inner side wall of the detonation tube 1, the first gas guide tube 6 is communicated with the gas detonation chamber 2 and penetrates through the detonation tube 1, the first gas valve 5 is rotatably connected to the first gas guide tube 6 and penetrates through the first gas guide tube 6, gasification container 11 with 6 intercommunications of first air duct, and be located first air duct 6 is kept away from 1 one side of detonation tube, second air duct 9 with 2 intercommunications in gaseous detonation chamber, and run through detonation tube 1, ignition electrode 10 with 4 fixed connection of sealing flange, and run through sealing flange 4, and be located and be close to second air duct 9 one side, second pneumatic valve 8 with 9 rotations of second air duct are connected, and run through second air duct 9, vacuum gauge 7 with 1 fixed connection of detonation tube, and run through detonation tube 1, connecting pipe 12 with 9 intercommunications of second air duct, and be located second air duct 9 is close to second pneumatic valve 8 one side.

In this embodiment, the heating system 3 heats the volume of 10L to 135 ℃ in the gas detonation chamber 2 of the detonation tube 1, the connecting tube 12 is connected with a vacuumizing assembly, an acetylene storage box and an oxygen storage box, the second gas valve 8 is rotated to make the second gas guiding tube 9 pass through the connecting tube 12 and the vacuumizing assembly to communicate with each other, so that the vacuumizing assembly vacuumizes the gas detonation chamber 2, when the vacuum gauge 7 displays that the pressure in the gas detonation chamber 2 of the detonation tube 1 reaches 0.05KPa, the second gas valve 8 stops vacuumizing to heat the gasification container 11 to 135 ℃, so as to gasify liquid iron pentacarbonyl or iron nonacarbonyl powder in the gasification container 11, the second gas valve 8 is rotated to make the second gas guiding tube 9 pass through the connecting tube 12 and the acetylene storage box to communicate with each other, the second gas guiding tube 9 injects 0.13mol of acetylene gas into the gas detonation chamber 2 of the detonation tube 1, rotate first air valve 5, make gasification container 11 with first air duct 6 intercommunication, to detonation tube 1 gaseous detonation chamber 2 pours into the pentacarbonyl iron that has gasified into, and the injection volume is 0.5g, rotates second air valve 8 makes second air duct 9 passes through connecting pipe 12 and oxygen storage box intercommunication make the oxygen storage box toward inject 0.03mol oxygen in gaseous detonation chamber 2, keep warm for several minutes, treat after the natural mixing of the gas in gaseous detonation chamber 2, heating system 3 stops heating, through ignition electrode 10 produces the electric spark and detonates mixed gas in gaseous detonation chamber 2, the detonation finishes treating gaseous detonation chamber 2 cools off the back, rotates second air valve 8 makes second air valve 8 switches to exhaust state, makes the mixed gas in gaseous detonation chamber 2 through second air duct 9 discharges, opening the sealing flange 4 to open the detonation tube 1, collecting the powder product deposited on the gas detonation cavity 2, cleaning and drying with absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain the cavity type nano carbon capsule.

In a second aspect, the preparation method of the wave-absorbing carbon nanocavity capsule comprises the following steps,

s101, a heating system 3 heats a detonation tube 1, heats a gasification container 11, gasifies iron-containing organic matters in the gasification container 11, and rotates a second valve 8 to enable a connecting tube 12 to vacuumize a gas detonation cavity 2 of the detonation tube 1;

heating system 3 is 10L with capacity detonation tube 1 gaseous detonation chamber 2 heats to 135 ℃, gasification container 11 heats iron-containing organic matter wherein to 135 ℃, makes the gasification system of liquid iron pentacarbonyl or nine carbonyl di-iron powder in the gasification container 11 obtains the organic iron source, connecting pipe 12 is connected with evacuation subassembly, acetylene bin and oxygen bin, rotates second pneumatic valve 8 makes second air duct 9 passes through connecting pipe 12 and evacuation subassembly intercommunication make the evacuation subassembly right gaseous detonation chamber 2 carries out the evacuation, works as vacuum table 7 shows detonation tube 1 when gaseous detonation chamber 2 internal gas pressure is to 0.05KPa, second pneumatic valve 8 stops the evacuation.

S102, the first gas-guide tube 6 guides the organic iron source gasified in the gasification container 11 into the gas detonation cavity 2, and the second gas-guide tube 9 guides acetylene gas into the gas detonation cavity 2;

rotate second valve 8 makes second air duct 9 toward detonation tube 1 inject 0.13mol acetylene gas in the gaseous detonation chamber 2, first air valve 5 is opened first air duct 6, to detonation tube 1 gaseous detonation chamber 2 injects the iron pentacarbonyl who has gasified.

S103, introducing oxygen into the gas detonation chamber 2 through the second gas guide pipe 9, and detonating the mixed gas by the ignition spark;

second pneumatic valve 8 switches to oxygen, and past 0.03mol oxygen is injected into in gaseous detonation chamber 2, keeps warm for several minutes, treats gaseous natural mixing in gaseous detonation chamber 2 is back, heating system 3 stops the heating, through ignition electrode 10 produces the electric spark and detonates detonation tube 1 the mist in gaseous detonation chamber 2.

S104, cooling the detonation tube 1, opening the first gas guide tube 6 by the first valve to remove mixed gas in the gas detonation cavity 2, opening the sealing flange 4 to take out a product, and cleaning to obtain the carbon capsule with the nano cavity.

After detonation is finished, the gas detonation cavity 2 is cooled, the second gas valve 8 is rotated, the second gas valve 8 is switched to an exhaust state, mixed gas in the gas detonation cavity 2 is discharged through the second gas guide tube 9, the sealing flange 4 is opened, the detonation tube 1 is opened, powder products deposited on the gas detonation cavity 2 are collected, and after the powder products are cleaned and dried by absolute ethyl alcohol, the cavity type nano carbon capsule is obtained.

Further, the organic iron source in the gasification vessel 11 is one or a mixture of iron pentacarbonyl, iron nonacarbonyl, iron dodecacarbonyl, ferrocene and iron acetylacetonate.

In the present embodiment, the organic iron source in the gasification vessel 11 is widely available at low cost and is suitable for mass production.

Further, the oxygen introduced by the second gas-guide tube 9 is pure oxygen, and air or a mixture of oxygen and inert gas is not available.

In the embodiment, the mixture of air or oxygen and inert gas is introduced into the prepared wave-absorbing nano-cavity carbon capsule, so that impurities are easily brought in, and the method is not suitable for synthesizing high-purity substances such as biological medicines.

The above-described solution is illustrated below using different embodiments.

Example 1:

s11, heating a detonation tube of 10L by a heating system 3 to 1-135 ℃, heating a gasification container 11 to 135 ℃, gasifying 0.5g of liquid iron pentacarbonyl in the gasification container 11, and rotating a second valve 8 to vacuumize a connecting tube 12 until the air pressure is 0.05 KPa;

liquid iron pentacarbonyl in the gasification vessel 11 can also be replaced by nine-carbonyl-iron powder, the heating system 3 is 10L with the capacity the gas detonation tube 1 the gas detonation chamber 2 is heated to 135 ℃, will the gasification vessel 11 is heated to 135 ℃, the connecting tube 12 is connected with evacuation subassembly, acetylene storage box and oxygen storage box, rotates the second gas valve 8, makes the second gas pipe 9 pass through the connecting tube 12 communicates with the evacuation subassembly for the evacuation subassembly is right the gas detonation chamber 2 is vacuumized, works as the vacuum gauge 7 shows the detonation tube 1 the gas detonation chamber 2 internal gas pressure is to 0.05KPa when, the second gas valve 8 stops the evacuation.

S12, introducing the pentacarbonyl iron gasified in the gasification container 11 into the gas detonation chamber 2 through the first gas guide pipe 6, and introducing 0.13mol of acetylene gas into the gas detonation chamber 2 through the second gas guide pipe 9;

rotate first air valve 5 makes gasification container 11 with 6 intercommunications of first air duct, to detonation tube 1 gaseous detonation chamber 2 pours into the iron pentacarbonyl that has gasified into, and the injection volume is 0.5g, rotates second air valve 8 makes second air duct 9 passes through connecting pipe 12 and acetylene bin intercommunication, second air duct 9 is toward detonation tube 1 0.13mol acetylene gas is injected into in the gaseous detonation chamber 2.

S13, leading 0.03mol of oxygen into the gas detonation chamber 2 through the second gas guide pipe 9, and igniting to detonate the mixed gas;

second pneumatic valve 8 switches to oxygen, and past 0.03mol oxygen is injected into in gaseous detonation chamber 2, keeps warm for several minutes, treats gaseous natural mixing in gaseous detonation chamber 2 is back, heating system 3 stops the heating, through ignition electrode 10 produces the electric spark and detonates detonation tube 1 the mist in gaseous detonation chamber 2.

S14, cooling the detonation tube 1, opening the first gas guide tube 6 by the first valve to remove mixed gas in the gas detonation chamber 2, opening the sealing flange 4 to take out a product, and cleaning to obtain the carbon capsule with the nano cavity;

after detonation is finished, the gas detonation cavity 2 is cooled, the second gas valve 8 is rotated, the second gas valve 8 is switched to an exhaust state, mixed gas in the gas detonation cavity 2 is discharged through the second gas guide tube 9, the sealing flange 4 is opened, the detonation tube 1 is opened, powder products deposited on the gas detonation cavity 2 are collected, and after the powder products are cleaned and dried by absolute ethyl alcohol, the cavity type nano carbon capsule is obtained.

Example 2:

s21, heating a detonation tube 1 of 10L by a heating system 3 to 135 ℃, heating a gasification container 11 to 135 ℃, and vacuumizing a gas detonation cavity 2 of the detonation tube 1 by a connecting tube 12 until the air pressure is 0.05KPa by rotating a second valve 8, wherein 0.5g of liquid iron pentacarbonyl is in the gasification container 11;

heating system 3 is 10L with capacity detonation tube 1 gaseous detonation chamber 2 heats to 135 ℃, will gasification container 11 heats to 135 ℃, makes the gasification of liquid iron pentacarbonyl or nine carbonyl di-iron powder in the gasification container 11, connecting pipe 12 is connected with evacuation subassembly, acetylene bin and oxygen bin, rotates second pneumatic valve 8 makes second air duct 9 passes through connecting pipe 12 and evacuation subassembly intercommunication make the evacuation subassembly right gaseous detonation chamber 2 carries out the evacuation, works as vacuum table 7 shows detonation tube 1 when gaseous detonation chamber 2 internal gas pressure is to 0.05KPa, second pneumatic valve 8 stops the evacuation.

S22, introducing the pentacarbonyl iron gasified in the gasification container 11 into the gas detonation chamber 2 through the first gas guide pipe 6, and introducing 0.13mol of acetylene gas into the gas detonation chamber 2 through the second gas guide pipe 9;

rotate first air valve 5 makes gasification container 11 with 6 intercommunications of first air duct, to detonation tube 1 gaseous detonation chamber 2 pours into the iron pentacarbonyl that has gasified into, and the injection volume is 0.5g, rotates second air valve 8 makes second air duct 9 passes through connecting pipe 12 and acetylene bin intercommunication, second air duct 9 is toward detonation tube 1 0.13mol acetylene gas is injected into in the gaseous detonation chamber 2.

S23, leading 0.02mol of oxygen into the gas detonation chamber 2 through the second gas guide pipe 9, and igniting to detonate the mixed gas;

second pneumatic valve 8 switches to oxygen, and past inject 0.02mol oxygen in the gaseous detonation chamber 2, keep warm for several minutes, treat gaseous natural mixing back in the gaseous detonation chamber 2, heating system 3 stops the heating, through ignition electrode 10 produces the electric spark and detonates detonation tube 1 the mist in gaseous detonation chamber 2.

S24, cooling the detonation tube 1, opening the first gas guide tube 6 by the first valve to remove mixed gas in the gas detonation chamber 2, opening the sealing flange 4 to take out a product, and cleaning to obtain the carbon capsule with the nano cavity;

after detonation is finished, the gas detonation cavity 2 is cooled, the second gas valve 8 is rotated, the second gas valve 8 is switched to an exhaust state, mixed gas in the gas detonation cavity 2 is discharged through the second gas guide tube 9, the sealing flange 4 is opened, the detonation tube 1 is opened, powder products deposited on the gas detonation cavity 2 are collected, and after the powder products are cleaned and dried by absolute ethyl alcohol, the cavity type nano carbon capsule is obtained.

Example 3:

s31, heating a detonation tube 1 to 135 ℃ of 10L by a heating system 3, heating a gasification container 11 to 135 ℃, gasifying 0.5g of liquid iron pentacarbonyl in the gasification container 11, and rotating a second valve 8 to ensure that a connecting tube 12 vacuumizes a gas detonation cavity 2 of the detonation tube 1 until the air pressure is 0.05 KPa;

heating system 3 is 10L with capacity detonation tube 1 gaseous detonation chamber 2 heats to 135 ℃, will gasification container 11 heats to 135 ℃, makes the gasification of liquid iron pentacarbonyl or nine carbonyl di-iron powder in the gasification container 11, connecting pipe 12 is connected with evacuation subassembly, acetylene bin and oxygen bin, rotates second pneumatic valve 8 makes second air duct 9 passes through connecting pipe 12 and evacuation subassembly intercommunication make the evacuation subassembly right gaseous detonation chamber 2 carries out the evacuation, works as vacuum table 7 shows detonation tube 1 when gaseous detonation chamber 2 internal gas pressure is to 0.05KPa, second pneumatic valve 8 stops the evacuation.

S32, introducing the pentacarbonyl iron gasified in the gasification container 11 into the gas detonation chamber 2 through the first gas guide pipe 6, and introducing 0.13mol of acetylene gas into the gas detonation chamber 2 through the second gas guide pipe 9;

rotate first air valve 5 makes gasification container 11 with 6 intercommunications of first air duct, to detonation tube 1 gaseous detonation chamber 2 pours into the iron pentacarbonyl that has gasified into, and the injection volume is 0.5g, rotates second air valve 8 makes second air duct 9 passes through connecting pipe 12 and acetylene bin intercommunication, second air duct 9 is toward detonation tube 1 0.13mol acetylene gas is injected into in the gaseous detonation chamber 2.

S33, leading 0.15mol of air into the gas detonation chamber 2 through the second air duct 9, and igniting the mixed gas;

second pneumatic valve 8 switches to oxygen, and is past inject 0.15mol air in the gaseous detonation chamber 2, and the several minutes keeps warm waits after the gaseous natural mixing in gaseous detonation chamber 2, heating system 3 stop heating, through ignition electrode 10 produces the electric spark and detonates detonation tube 1 the mist in gaseous detonation chamber 2.

S34, cooling the detonation tube 1, opening the first gas guide tube 6 by the first valve to remove mixed gas in the gas detonation cavity 2, opening the sealing flange 4 to take out a product for cleaning, and preparing a cavity type nano carbon capsule with partial carbon nano tubes;

after detonation is finished and the gas detonation cavity 2 is cooled, the second air valve 8 is rotated to enable the second air valve 8 to be switched to an exhaust state, mixed gas in the gas detonation cavity 2 is discharged through the second air duct 9, the sealing flange 4 is opened, the detonation tube 1 is opened, powder products deposited on the gas detonation cavity 2 are collected, and after the powder products are cleaned and dried by absolute ethyl alcohol, cavity type nano carbon capsules with partial obtained carbon nano tubes are obtained.

Example 4:

s41, heating a detonation tube 1 of 10L by a heating system 3 to 135 ℃, heating a gasification container 11 to 135 ℃, gasifying 0.8g of ferric acetylacetonate in the gasification container 11, and rotating a second valve 8 to ensure that a connecting tube 12 vacuumizes a gas detonation cavity 2 of the detonation tube 1 until the air pressure is 0.05 KPa;

0.8g of acetylacetone iron in the gasification container 11 can also be replaced by 0.5g of ferrocene, heating system 3 is 10L with capacity detonation tube 1 gaseous detonation chamber 2 heat to 135 ℃, will gasification container 11 heat to 135 ℃, make the gasification of liquid iron pentacarbonyl or nine carbonyl di-iron powder in the gasification container 11, connecting pipe 12 is connected with evacuation subassembly, acetylene bin and oxygen bin, rotates second pneumatic valve 8, makes second pneumatic tube 9 passes through connecting pipe 12 and evacuation subassembly intercommunication for the evacuation subassembly is right gaseous detonation chamber 2 carries out the evacuation, works as vacuum table 7 shows detonation tube 1 gaseous detonation chamber 2 pressure is to 0.05KPa time, second pneumatic valve 8 stops the evacuation.

S42, leading the gasified iron acetylacetonate in the gasification container 11 into the gas detonation chamber 2 through the first gas guide pipe 6, and leading 0.13mol of acetylene gas into the gas detonation chamber 2 through the second gas guide pipe 9;

rotate first air valve 5 makes gasification container 11 with 6 intercommunications of first air duct, to detonation tube 1 gaseous detonation chamber 2 pours into the iron acetylacetonate that has gasified into, and the injection volume is 0.8g (to detonation tube 1 gaseous detonation chamber 2 pours into the ferrocene that has gasified into, and the injection volume is 0.5g), rotates second pneumatic valve 8 makes second air duct 9 passes through connecting pipe 12 and acetylene bin intercommunication, second air duct 9 is toward detonation tube 1 gaseous detonation chamber 2 intussuseption is gone into 0.13mol acetylene gas.

S43, leading 0.03mol of oxygen into the gas detonation chamber 2 through the second gas guide pipe 9, and igniting to detonate the mixed gas;

second pneumatic valve 8 switches to oxygen, and past 0.03mol oxygen is injected into in gaseous detonation chamber 2, keeps warm for several minutes, treats gaseous natural mixing in gaseous detonation chamber 2 is back, heating system 3 stops the heating, through ignition electrode 10 produces the electric spark and detonates detonation tube 1 the mist in gaseous detonation chamber 2.

S44, cooling the detonation tube 1, opening the first gas guide tube 6 by the first valve to remove mixed gas in the gas detonation chamber 2, opening the sealing flange 4 to take out a product, and cleaning to obtain the carbon capsule with the nano cavity;

after detonation is finished, the gas detonation cavity 2 is cooled, the second gas valve 8 is rotated, the second gas valve 8 is switched to an exhaust state, mixed gas in the gas detonation cavity 2 is discharged through the second gas guide tube 9, the sealing flange 4 is opened, the detonation tube 1 is opened, powder products deposited on the gas detonation cavity 2 are collected, and after the powder products are cleaned and dried by absolute ethyl alcohol, the cavity type nano carbon capsule is obtained.

While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.