阅读说明：本技术 多层复合膜的制造方法、多层复合膜及其用途 (Method for producing multilayer composite film, multilayer composite film and use thereof ) 是由 于尔根·米夏埃尔·希夫曼 于 2020-04-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本专利申请涉及一种制造多层复合膜的方法,包括共挤出至少三层(a)、(b)和(c)的步骤,其中,所述层(a)形成所述复合膜的外表面。所述层(c)形成所述复合膜的面向或接触待包装物品的表面。所述层(b)设置在所述层(a)和所述层(c)之间。此外,所述方法还包括：将如此共挤出的所述复合膜进行双轴取向的步骤。其中,所述层(a)包含热塑性树脂或由所述热塑性树脂组成。所述层(b)包含聚偏二氯乙烯(PVdC)树脂或由聚偏二氯乙烯(PVdC)树脂组成。所述层(c)包含树脂,优选为可密封树脂,尤其为可热密封树脂,或者由树脂,优选为可密封树脂,尤其为可热密封树脂组成。其中,在所述复合膜的制造过程中和/或之后,通过放射性辐射,尤其为通过β、γ、X射线和/或电子辐射的所述复合膜的任何交联被省略。(The present patent application relates to a process for manufacturing a multilayer composite film comprising the step of coextruding at least three layers (a), (b) and (c), wherein said layer (a) forms the outer surface of said composite film. The layer (c) forms the surface of the composite film that faces or contacts the item to be packaged. The layer (b) is disposed between the layer (a) and the layer (c). Furthermore, the method further comprises: subjecting the composite film thus coextruded to a step of biaxial orientation. Wherein the layer (a) comprises or consists of a thermoplastic resin. The layer (b) comprises or consists of a polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC) resin. The layer (c) comprises or consists of a resin, preferably a sealable resin, especially a heat sealable resin. Wherein any cross-linking of the composite membrane by radioactive radiation, in particular by beta, gamma, X-ray and/or electron radiation, during and/or after the manufacturing of the composite membrane is omitted.)

1. A method of manufacturing a multilayer composite film, the method comprising at least the steps of:

a step of coextruding at least three layers (a), (b) and (c),

-said layer (a) forms the outer surface of the composite film;

-said layer (c) forms the surface of the composite film facing or contacting the item to be packaged; and

-said layer (b) is arranged between said layer (a) and said layer (c); and

a step of subjecting the composite film thus coextruded to biaxial orientation;

wherein the layer (a) comprises or consists of a thermoplastic resin;

wherein the layer (b) comprises or consists of a polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC) resin;

wherein the layer (c) comprises or consists of a resin, preferably a sealable resin, especially a heat sealable resin;

wherein the thermoplastic resin of the layer (a) has a density of 0.94g/cm³Or higher; and

wherein any cross-linking of the composite membrane by radioactive radiation, in particular by beta, gamma, X-ray and/or electron radiation, during and/or after the manufacturing of the composite membrane is omitted.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the thermoplastic resin of said layer (a) comprises or consists of a polyester, preferably polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polylactic acid or Polylactide (PLA), Polyamide (PA), Polyolefin (PO), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer (EMMA), ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer (EMA), Ionomer (IO) or any mixture thereof; and/or

The sealing temperature of the thermoplastic resin of the layer (a) is equal to or higher than the sealing temperature of the resin of the layer (c); and/or

The thermoplastic resin of the layer (a) has a melting temperature of 170 ℃ or higher, preferably 175 ℃ or higher, preferably 180 ℃ or higher.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:

the resin of the layer (c) comprises or consists of a Polyolefin (PO), preferably Polyethylene (PE) and/or polypropylene (PP), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), Ionomer (IO), ethylene methyl methacrylate copolymer (EMMA), ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer (EMA) or any mixture thereof.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that:

the thickness of the layer (a) ranges from 0.5 to 20 μm, preferably from 1 to 10 μm; and/or

The thickness of the layer (a) is at most 30%, preferably at most 10%, in particular at most 5%, of the thickness of the entire composite film.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that:

none of the layers of the composite film between the layer (a) and the layer (c) comprises a Polyamide (PA).

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that:

none of the layers of the composite film between the layer (a) and the layer (c) contain ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH).

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that:

the composite film has a shrinkage, measured in each of the longitudinal and transverse directions, of at least 20%, preferably at least 25%, especially at least 50%, in water at 90 ℃, preferably within 1 second after immersion, but at least within 10 seconds after immersion; and/or

The total area shrinkage of the composite film, measured in water at 90 ℃, is preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 100% within 1 second after immersion, but at least 10 seconds after immersion.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that:

the composite membrane also comprises a layered structure, counted from outside to inside, comprising at least seven layers, wherein:

-the first layer from the outside comprises or consists of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polyamide (PA), polylactic acid (PLA) or any mixture thereof as a layer component;

-the second layer from the outside comprises or consists of an adhesion promoter (HV) as a layer component;

-the third layer from the outside comprises or consists of a Polyolefin (PO), Preferably Polypropylene (PP) or Polyethylene (PE), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), Ionomer (IO), ethylene methyl methacrylate copolymer (EMMA), ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer (EMA) or any mixture thereof, as a layer component;

-a fourth layer from the outside comprising or consisting of an adhesion promoter (HV) as a layer component;

-a fifth layer from the outside comprising or consisting of polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC) as a layer component;

-a sixth layer from the outside comprising or consisting of an adhesion promoter (HV) as a layer component; and

the seventh layer from the outside comprises or consists of a Polyolefin (PO), preferably Polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), Ionomer (IO), ethylene methyl methacrylate copolymer (EMMA), ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer (EMA) or any mixture thereof, as a layer component.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that:

the composite film has a haze of at most 15%, preferably at most 12%, preferably at most 10%, preferably at most 7%, especially at most 5%; and/or

The stiffness, expressed as the modulus of elasticity, of the composite film, measured in the longitudinal direction, is at least 200MPa, preferably at least 250MPa, preferably at least 300MPa, preferably at least 350MPa, preferably at least 400MPa, especially at least 450 MPa; and/or

The stiffness, expressed as the modulus of elasticity, of the composite film, measured in the transverse direction, is at least 200MPa, preferably at least 250MPa, preferably at least 300MPa, preferably at least 350MPa, preferably at least 400MPa, especially at least 450 MPa; and/or

The stiffness, expressed as the modulus of elasticity, of the composite film, measured in the longitudinal direction, is at most 700MPa, preferably at most 650MPa, preferably at most 600MPa, preferably at most 550MPa, especially at most 500 MPa; and/or

The stiffness of the composite film, expressed as the modulus of elasticity, measured in the transverse direction, is at most 700MPa, preferably at most 650MPa, preferably at most 600MPa, preferably at most 550MPa, in particular at most 500 MPa.

10. A multilayer composite film produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. A multilayer composite film, preferably produced by a blow-moulding process or a jet-blow-moulding process or a nozzle-blow-moulding process and biaxially oriented, in particular produced by a process according to any one of claims 1 to 9;

wherein the composite film comprises at least three layers (a), (b) and (c),

-said layer (a) forms the outer surface of the composite film;

-said layer (c) forms the surface of the composite film facing or contacting the item to be packaged; and

-said layer (b) is arranged between said layer (a) and said layer (c);

wherein the layer (a) comprises or consists of a thermoplastic resin; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the layer (b) comprises or consists of a polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC) resin, wherein the layer (c) comprises or consists of a resin, preferably a sealable resin, especially a heat sealable resin;

wherein the layer(a) Has a density of 0.94g/cm³Or higher; and

wherein any cross-linking of the composite membrane by radioactive radiation, in particular by beta, gamma, X-ray and/or electron radiation, during and after the manufacturing of the composite membrane is omitted.

12. The composite film of claim 11, wherein:

the thermoplastic resin of said layer (a) comprises or consists of a polyester, preferably polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polylactic acid or Polylactide (PLA), Polyamide (PA), Polyolefin (PO), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer (EMMA), ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer (EMA), Ionomer (IO) or any mixture thereof; and/or

The sealing temperature of the thermoplastic resin of the layer (a) is equal to or higher than the sealing temperature of the resin of the layer (c); and/or

The thermoplastic resin of the layer (a) has a melting temperature of 170 ℃ or higher, preferably 175 ℃ or higher, preferably 180 ℃ or higher.

13. A composite film according to claim 11 or 12, wherein:

the resin of the layer (c) comprises or consists of a Polyolefin (PO), preferably Polyethylene (PE) and/or polypropylene (PP), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), Ionomer (IO), ethylene methyl methacrylate copolymer (EMMA), ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer (EMA) or any mixture thereof.

14. The composite film according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein:

the thickness of the layer (a) ranges from 0.5 to 20 μm, preferably from 1 to 10 μm; and/or

The thickness of the layer (a) is at most 30%, preferably at most 10%, in particular at most 5%, of the thickness of the entire composite film.

15. The composite film according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein:

none of the layers of the composite film between the layer (a) and the layer (c) comprises a Polyamide (PA).

16. The composite film according to any one of claims 11 to 15, wherein:

none of the layers of the composite film between the layer (a) and the layer (c) contain ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH).

17. A composite film according to any of claims 11 to 16, wherein:

the composite film has a shrinkage, measured in each of the longitudinal and transverse directions, of at least 20%, preferably at least 25%, especially at least 50%, in water at 90 ℃, preferably within 1 second after immersion, but at least within 10 seconds after immersion; and/or

The total area shrinkage of the composite film, measured in water at 90 ℃, is preferably at least 40%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 100% within 1 second after immersion, but at least 10 seconds after immersion.

18. A composite film according to any of claims 11 to 17, wherein:

the composite membrane also comprises a layered structure, counted from outside to inside, comprising at least seven layers, wherein:

-the first layer from the outside comprises or consists of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polyamide (PA), polylactic acid (PLA) or any mixture thereof, as a layer component;

-the second layer from the outside comprises or consists of an adhesion promoter (HV) as a layer component;

-the third layer from the outside comprises or consists of a Polyolefin (PO), Preferably Polypropylene (PP) or Polyethylene (PE), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), Ionomer (IO), ethylene methyl methacrylate copolymer (EMMA), ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer (EMA) or any mixture thereof, as a layer component;

-the fourth layer from the outside comprises or consists of an adhesion promoter (HV) as a layer component;

-a fifth layer from the outside comprising or consisting of polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC) as a layer component;

-a sixth layer from the outside comprising or consisting of an adhesion promoter (HV) as a layer component; and

the seventh layer from the outside comprises as layer component a Polyolefin (PO), preferably Polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), Ionomer (IO), ethylene methyl methacrylate copolymer (EMMA), ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer (EMA) or any mixture thereof, or a Polyolefin (PO), preferably Polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), Ionomer (IO), ethylene methyl methacrylate copolymer (EMMA), ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer (EMA) or any mixture thereof.

19. A composite film according to any of claims 11 to 18, wherein:

the haze of the composite film is at most 10%, preferably at most 5%; and/or

The stiffness, expressed as the modulus of elasticity, of the composite film, measured in the longitudinal direction, is at least 200MPa, preferably at least 250MPa, preferably at least 300MPa, preferably at least 350MPa, preferably at least 400MPa, especially at least 450 MPa; and/or

The stiffness, expressed as the modulus of elasticity, of the composite film, measured in the transverse direction, is at least 200MPa, preferably at least 250MPa, preferably at least 300MPa, preferably at least 350MPa, preferably at least 400MPa, especially at least 450 MPa; and/or

The stiffness, expressed as the modulus of elasticity, of the composite film, measured in the longitudinal direction, is at most 700MPa, preferably at most 650MPa, preferably at most 600MPa, preferably at most 550MPa, in particular at most 500MPa, and/or

The stiffness of the composite film, expressed as the modulus of elasticity measured in the transverse direction, is at most 700MPa, preferably at most 650MPa, preferably at most 600MPa, preferably at most 550MPa, especially at most 500 MPa.

20. Use of the composite film according to any one of claims 10 to 19 or a casing made thereof for packaging articles, preferably food or luxury food, in particular food containing meat, fish or cheese.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

This object is solved by a method according to claim 1.

Therefore, the method for manufacturing the multilayer composite film is provided for the first time, and is characterized by at least comprising the following steps:

a step of coextruding at least three layers (a), (b) and (c),

-said layer (a) forms the outer surface of the composite film;

-said layer (c) forms the surface of the composite film facing or contacting the item to be packaged; and

-said layer (b) is arranged between said layer (a) and said layer (c); and

a step of subjecting the composite film thus coextruded to biaxial orientation;

wherein the layer (a) comprises or consists of a thermoplastic resin;

wherein the layer (b) comprises or consists of a polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC) resin;

wherein the layer (c) comprises or consists of a resin, preferably a sealable resin, especially a heat sealable resin;

wherein the thermoplastic resin of the layer (a) has a density of 0.94g/cm³Or higher; and

wherein any cross-linking of the composite membrane by radioactive radiation, in particular by beta, gamma, X-ray and/or electron radiation, during and/or after the manufacturing of the composite membrane is omitted.

The use of non-radiation crosslinked composite films with PVdC has the advantage over certain other materials used as oxygen barriers that the barrier properties against water or water vapour, in particular against oxygen, remain unchanged or longer for a long period of 3 to 6 months. Thus, the improved stability over time of the barrier layer compared to the use of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) especially as a barrier material in the inner or intermediate layer is a considerable advantage, especially in the case of long shelf lives of the packaged goods, especially of food products.

The thermoplastic resin of layer (a) had a density of 0.94g/cm³Or higher, preferably 0.96g/cm³Or higher, preferably 0.96 to 2g/cm³More preferably 0.96 to 1.5g/cm³. If a resin or polymer with a high density, in particular PET, PA or PO with a correspondingly high density, is used as layer component of layer (a), a high puncture resistance of the overall composite film and a high heat resistance of layer (a) are advantageously achieved. Furthermore, the resins from the group of PA or PET materials have a high density in layer (a), which gives the composite film attractive optical properties, such as transparency and gloss. Furthermore, such an outer layer (a) having a high density can also ensure improved further processing in terms of high cycle times.

Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

In a preferred embodiment, said thermoplastic resin of layer (a) of the composite film according to the invention comprises a polyester, preferably polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polylactic acid or Polylactide (PLA), Polyamide (PA), Polyolefin (PO), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer (EMMA), ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer (EMA), Ionomer (IO) or any mixture thereof, or from polyesters, preferably polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polylactic acid or Polylactide (PLA), Polyamides (PA), Polyolefins (PO), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymers (EMMA), ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymers (EMA), Ionomers (IO) or any mixtures thereof.

The provision of polyamide in layer (a) ensures high heat resistance, high strength, in particular puncture resistance and sufficient shrinkage. These advantages can be achieved, in particular in the case where the layer (a) comprises PET instead of polyamide or consists of PET. By providing PET in layer (a) instead of PA, cold shrinkage or post-crystallization shrinkage that may occur due to post-crystallization when PA is used as a layer component is also effectively reduced or even avoided (see table 9 below). Unlike PA, PET enters a crystalline state during biaxial orientation as part of the manufacturing process. Furthermore, the inclusion of PET in layer (a) effectively avoids the tendency to curl, which is common in partially crystalline PA. The outermost layer of PA also has excellent printability of the composite film. Furthermore, PLA offers significantly better barrier protection compared to polyolefin-based raw materials (such as PE or PP), especially after stretching, especially after biaxial orientation.

Furthermore, the use of raw materials, such as polyesters, preferably polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polylactic acid (PLA), Polyamides (PA) or any mixtures thereof, optionally provided to the layer (a) according to the invention, in addition to the heat resistance of the outermost layer (a), also leads to an increase in stiffness and thus also to process stability during stretching, more precisely to process stability during biaxial orientation of the bubble-like film. And since the composite film according to the present invention has sufficient rigidity, a higher cycle number and thus improved workability (bagging) can be achieved.

The improved stiffness of the films according to the invention can be seen in table 5 below.

Table 5: the stiffness of the multilayer film according to the invention, as measured in terms of the modulus of elasticity (in MPa; MD ═ machine direction; TD ═ transverse direction;. composite film according to the invention, according to table 10, example 1), in comparison with conventional multilayer films based on EVOH and radiation crosslinked PVdC (DIN EN ISO 527)

Surprisingly, the use of the starting material of the invention in layer (a) leads to a significantly higher processability (cycle number) than comparable radiation crosslinked composite films, as shown in table 6 below, due to the heat resistance caused by the starting material, or the resulting high vicat softening temperature and associated high stiffness even at high temperatures, combined with a substantially higher stiffness of the starting material (compared to the starting material used in the radiation crosslinked film).

Table 6: comparison of the number of cycles of EVOH-based film and PVDC-based film (bagging or making bags) (data: cycles per minute;. composite films according to the invention, as shown in Table 10, example 1)

The vicat softening temperature according to DIN EN ISO 306, together with the stiffness, plays a decisive role in the further processing of the produced films, since in downstream processes, such as bagging, the films are in some cases often subjected to high temperatures, and at lower vicat softening temperatures they become very flexible and therefore, despite good heat resistance (with respect to adhesion), can be further processed only at moderate cycle times. This is mainly due to the lack of membrane stiffness at high temperatures.

This occurs in particular in radiation-crosslinked films, since the main starting material (80% to 90% of the layer content) here is EVA, and the vicat softening temperature of this starting material is very low. The vicat softening temperature of the EVA grade used is generally between 45 and 70 ℃, but not higher than 85 ℃. Therefore, it is desirable to use in layer (a) in particular starting materials having a vicat softening temperature at least higher than 100 ℃ (see table 7 below).

Table 7: vicat Softening Temperature (VST) (units ℃; DIN EN ISO 306) for various raw material grades

Furthermore, the composite film according to the present invention has lower haze or higher transparency and higher gloss, and thus improved optical properties, as compared to the radiation crosslinked composite film, as shown in table 8 below.

Table 8: the haze (MD ═ machine direction; TD ═ transverse direction; composite film according to the invention, as in Table 10, example 1) (ASTM D1003) measured with the multilayer film according to the invention in comparison with conventional multilayer films based on EVOH and radiation-crosslinked PVdC

The composite film according to the invention may comprise a sealing layer, although or precisely due to the temperature introduced from the outside, the sealing layer starts to seal earlier than the outermost layer to ensure that the film to be sealed is internally sealed before being bonded to the outermost layer on a sealing tool (sealing strip).

By completely eliminating radiation crosslinking according to the present invention, the risk of incorrect or underdosed radiation crosslinking is eliminated. This avoids the risk of radiation-induced deterioration of the sealing properties of the composite membrane. Furthermore, the composite membrane can still be recycled due to the complete elimination of radiation cross-linking.

The thermoplastic resin of layer (a) may be a material having a melting temperature or melting point of 170 ℃ or higher, preferably 175 ℃ or higher, preferably 180 ℃ or higher.

By selecting a resin with such a high melting temperature or melting point as the layer component of layer (a), a large number of cycles 306 can be achieved in the manufacturing process due to higher heat resistance or significantly higher vicat softening temperature (DIN EN ISO). Despite the very high temperature on the sealing strip, adhesion of the film to the sealing strip or of the film or film portions to each other is avoided.

Table 9: the cold shrinkage of the multilayer film according to the invention (data units;% MD ═ machine direction; TD;. transverse direction;. composite film according to the invention, according to Table 10, example 1) (ASTM 2732) measured after 24 hours in water at a temperature of 20 ℃ in comparison with conventional multilayer films based on EVOH and radiation-crosslinked PVdC

In particular when layer (a) comprises or consists of polyamide or PET and neither the composite film nor the individual layers are crosslinked by radiation, it has surprisingly been shown that the composite film exhibits excellent transparency or low haze and excellent gloss.

In an advantageous embodiment, the sealing temperature (measured at 1 bar, air atmosphere, 23 ℃) of the thermoplastic resin of layer (a) of the composite film according to the invention is equal to or higher than the sealing temperature (measured at 1 bar, air atmosphere, 23 ℃) of the resin of layer (c). The thermoplastic resin of layer (a) may in particular be one of the polymeric materials of layer (a) described above or a mixture of at least two of these polymeric materials.

By selecting the thermoplastic resin of layer (a) having a sealing temperature equal to or higher than the sealing temperature of the resin of layer (c), adhesion between the film and the weatherstrip or the film or film member can advantageously be avoided.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composite film may have a haze (ASTM D1003) of at most 15%, preferably at most 12%, preferably at most 10%, preferably at most 7%, especially at most 5%. This achieves the desired optical properties of the composite film according to the invention. Thus, the optical appearance of the resulting composite film and the identifiability/inspectability of the package for purchasers of goods therewith are improved without having to open the package. In particular, the haze of the above composite film may be combined with the feature of the same or higher sealing temperature of the thermoplastic resin of the above layer (a) as compared with the resin of the layer (c).

The low haze values of the multilayer film are particularly advantageous if, according to the invention, the sealing temperature of the thermoplastic resin used for layer (a) is chosen to be equal to or higher than the sealing temperature of the resin of layer (c).

Additionally or alternatively, the composite film may have a stiffness (DIN EN ISO 527), expressed as elastic modulus or young's modulus, measured in the longitudinal direction, of at least 200MPa, preferably at least 250MPa, preferably at least 300MPa, preferably at least 350MPa, preferably at least 400MPa, especially at least 450 MPa. Additionally or alternatively, the composite film may have a stiffness (DIN EN ISO 527), expressed as the modulus of elasticity, measured in the transverse direction, i.e. in the direction perpendicular or transverse to the longitudinal direction, of at least 200MPa, preferably at least 250MPa, preferably at least 300MPa, preferably at least 350MPa, preferably at least 400MPa, more particularly at least 450 MPa.

Additionally or alternatively, the composite film may have a stiffness (DIN EN ISO 527), expressed as elastic modulus, measured in the longitudinal direction, of at most 700MPa, preferably at most 650MPa, preferably at most 600MPa, preferably at most 550MPa, especially at most 500 MPa. In addition or alternatively, the composite film may have a stiffness (DIN EN ISO 527), expressed as the modulus of elasticity, measured in the transverse direction, of at most 700MPa, preferably at most 650MPa, preferably at most 600MPa, preferably at most 550MPa, in particular at most 500 MPa.

According to the invention, the layer (a) or the composite film comprising it according to the invention may in particular have the following characteristics or have any combination of the following characteristics:

the thermoplastic resin of layer (a) may comprise or consist of a polyester, preferably PET or PLA, PA, PO, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer (EMMA), ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer (EMA), Ionomer (IO) or any mixture thereof;

the thermoplastic resin of layer (a) may have a sealing temperature (measured at 1 bar, air atmosphere, 23 ℃) equal to or higher than the sealing temperature of the resin of layer (c).

The thermoplastic resin of layer (a) is a material having a melting temperature or melting point of 170 ℃ or higher, preferably 175 ℃ or higher, preferably 180 ℃ or higher, preferably 170 to 300 ℃, preferably between 175 and 300 ℃, more preferably between 180 and 300 ℃;

the haze (ASTM D1003) of the composite film may be limited to at most 15%, preferably at most 12%, preferably at most 10%, preferably at most 7%, especially at most 5%;

the stiffness of the composite film (DIN EN ISO 527), expressed as the modulus of elasticity, measured in the longitudinal or transverse direction, may be limited to at least 200MPa, preferably at least 250MPa, preferably at least 300MPa, preferably at least 350MPa, preferably at least 400MPa, in particular at least 450 MPa; and/or

The stiffness of the composite film (DIN EN ISO 527), expressed as the modulus of elasticity, measured in the longitudinal or transverse direction, may be limited to at most 700MPa, preferably at most 650MPa, preferably at most 600MPa, preferably at most 550MPa, in particular at most 500 MPa.

Within the scope of the present invention, a combination of at least two of the features disclosed above in relation to the features of layer (a) is also possible, whereby further advantageous properties can be obtained.

In a preferred embodiment, the resin of layer (c) may comprise or consist of a Polyolefin (PO), preferably Polyethylene (PE) and/or polypropylene (PP), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), Ionomer (IO), ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer (EMMA), ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer (EMA), or any mixture thereof.

By providing as the resin of layer (c) a Polyolefin (PO), preferably Polyethylene (PE) and/or polypropylene (PP), or EVA, Ionomer (IO), ethylene methyl methacrylate copolymer (EMMA), ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer (EMA) or any mixture thereof, such as a mixture of PO and EVA, excellent sealability is ensured. In particular in the case of the layer component EVA, the absence of radiation crosslinking leads to excellent sealing properties being maintained, which would otherwise be lost or at least limited by radiation crosslinking.

Furthermore, it is advantageous to provide a polyolefin as a component of layer (c) in terms of high shrinkage and not too high stiffness. Preferably, the layer (c) comprises a high proportion of polyolefin or consists of polyolefin.

Furthermore, the thickness of layer (a) may be in the range of 0.5 to 20 μm, preferably 1 to 10 μm; and/or the thickness of layer (a) may be at most 30%, preferably at most 10%, especially at most 5% of the thickness of the entire composite film.

By limiting the thickness of layer (a) to the range of 0.5 to 20 μm, preferably 1 to 10 μm, it is ensured that only a small amount of the resin or resin mixture forming layer (a) enters or is applied to the composite film. By limiting the amount of material of layer (a) in this way, a trade-off in smoothness and associated damage to other packaging or shrinkage of the resulting composite film is avoided, which otherwise occurs when an excessive amount of material of layer (a) is used. Furthermore, providing a thin outermost layer (a) ensures a high degree of smoothness or softness of the resulting composite film.

It is further provided that none of the layers of the composite film lying between layer (a) and layer (c) comprise Polyamide (PA).

This limitation results in greater dimensional stability and lower stiffness. In addition, lower cold shrinkage is achieved.

Furthermore, it is envisaged that none of the layers of the composite film disposed between layer (a) and layer (c) comprise ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH).

Advantageously, by providing PVdC in layer (b), the composite film according to the invention can completely dispense with the use of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) as a layer component in the inner layer. This prevents the barrier function from being lowered due to the influence of external moisture on the composite film, which occurs in the case of EVOH as a barrier material. In this way, a sufficient barrier function with long-term stability can be ensured, despite the absence or precisely due to the absence of EVOH.

According to the invention, an "inner layer" is understood to be a layer within the composite film according to the invention, which is located between layer (a) and layer (c).

Compared to the alternative of using EVOH in the inner layer, which requires a correspondingly more complex layer structure and an increased total number of layers in order to be able to provide an interlayer to protect the embedded EVOH layer, an additional "protective layer" can be dispensed with according to the invention. This simplifies the overall structure and manufacturing process of the composite membrane. In addition, the manufacturing cost is reduced.

Furthermore, by omitting EVOH and PA in the inner layer as described above, a relatively stiff composite film can be avoided if these materials are used in a large percentage of the layer material. In addition, the disadvantage of these materials that the dimensional stability is impaired by post-crystallization of the composite film can be avoided.

Furthermore, the composite film may have a (thermal) shrinkage in each of the longitudinal and transverse directions of at least 20%, preferably at least 25%, especially at least 50%, measured in water at 90 ℃, preferably 1 second after immersion, but at least within 10 seconds after immersion.

Additionally or alternatively, the composite film may have a total area shrinkage (total shrinkage referring to area) of at least 40%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 100%, measured in water at 90 ℃, preferably 1 second after immersion, but at least within 10 seconds after immersion.

According to the invention, for determining the thermal shrinkage, the specimen or specimen is immersed in water at 90 ℃ for a predetermined period of time, in particular the period of time described above, and immediately after removal is cooled to room temperature with water. The length of the pre-marked portion after this treatment is measured and is based on the measured length of the same portion of the sample before treatment. The resulting length ratio ("shrink" to "not shrink") is given in percent, defining the shrinkage. Depending on the direction of the length measurement, shrinkage is induced in the Machine Direction (MD) and Transverse Direction (TD). The total shrinkage was calculated by adding the shrinkage in the machine and transverse directions. Multiple determinations of the length measurement, for example triple or quintuple determinations, and thus forming respective averages, advantageously increase the accuracy of the determination. Shrinkage and overall shrinkage according to the present invention may be determined in particular according to ASTM 2732.

By the process according to the invention, composite films can advantageously be produced which therefore have a high shrinkage both in the longitudinal (longitudinal/machine direction) and in the transverse (cross direction). This means that even the high requirements imposed on the resulting composite film, for example on shrink films for packaging food products such as meat, fish or cheese, are met.

According to the invention, the composite film may also comprise a layered structure comprising, from the outside to the inside, at least seven layers, wherein:

-the first layer from the outside comprises or consists of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polyamide (PA), polylactic acid (PLA) or any mixture thereof as a layer component;

-the second layer from the outside comprises or consists of an adhesion promoter (HV) as a layer component;

-the third layer from the outside comprises or consists of a Polyolefin (PO), Preferably Polypropylene (PP) or Polyethylene (PE), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), Ionomer (IO), ethylene methyl methacrylate copolymer (EMMA), ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer (EMA) or any mixture thereof, as a layer component;

-a fourth layer from the outside comprising or consisting of an adhesion promoter (HV) as a layer component;

-a fifth layer from the outside comprising or consisting of polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC) as a layer component;

-a sixth layer from the outside comprising or consisting of an adhesion promoter (HV) as a layer component; and

the seventh layer from the outside comprises or consists of a Polyolefin (PO), preferably Polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), Ionomer (IO), ethylene methyl methacrylate copolymer (EMMA), ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer (EMA) or any mixture thereof, as a layer component.

This particular composite structure has, in addition to the advantages described above, a high heat resistance. Furthermore, the composite membrane is not too stiff.

In addition to the above-described method according to the invention, the direct product thereof is also claimed in claim 10, which solves this object. Here, the advantages of the above method apply similarly.

Furthermore, the object according to the invention is solved in terms of products by a composite film according to claim 11. The advantages and improvements of the method according to the invention described above are similarly applicable to the composite membrane according to the invention.

Accordingly, a multilayer composite film is claimed, which is preferably produced and biaxially oriented or oriented by the blow-moulding process or the injection blow-moulding process or the nozzle blow-moulding process, in particular by a process according to any one of claims 1 to 9. The composite film comprises at least three layers (a), (b) and (c), wherein:

-layer (a) forms the outer surface of the composite film;

-layer (c) forms the surface of the composite film facing or contacting the article to be packaged; and

-layer (b) is arranged between layer (a) and layer (c).

Here, the layer (a) contains or consists of a thermoplastic resin. Layer (b) comprises or consists of a polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC) resin. Furthermore, layer (c) comprises a resin, preferably a sealable resin, especially a heat sealable resinOr a resin, preferably a sealable resin, especially a heat sealable resin. (a) The thermoplastic resin of the layer had a density of 0.94g/cm³Or higher. Wherein any cross-linking of the composite membrane by radioactive radiation, in particular by beta, gamma, X-ray and/or electron radiation, during and/or after the manufacture of the composite membrane is omitted.

Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims. Thus, the features discussed for the above-mentioned method according to the invention may also be used to advantage to limit the composite membrane according to the invention, as described in claims 12 to 19.

Finally, the use of the composite film according to any one of claims 10 to 19 or a casing made thereof for packaging articles, preferably food or luxury food, in particular food containing meat, fish or cheese, is claimed.

By using the composite film according to claim 20, the advantages of the composite film according to the invention can be advantageously exploited, in particular in the packaging of items sensitive to light, oxygen, temperature and/or aroma, such as in particular food products. In addition to the above advantages, the composite film according to the present invention provides a desirable protection for sensitive items to be packaged.

Examples

Table 10: the layered structure of an exemplary composite film according to the invention having seven layers and not radiation crosslinked: layer composition and layer thickness (Total thickness of each layer 50 μm)

However, the present invention is not limited to the mentioned embodiments, and particularly not limited to the total thickness of the layer structure and the thickness ratio of the respective layers as shown in table 10. The invention therefore also explicitly includes the layer sequences of examples 1 to 3 of table 10, but in contrast to the layer thicknesses shown in table 10 and in each case with different total thicknesses.

Further disclosure and alternatives

The process according to the invention and the composite membrane according to the invention can preferably be carried out or manufactured using the so-called double bubble process, in particular the triple bubble process, for which the applicant provides suitable apparatuses, which are known to the person skilled in the art. Wherein the multilayer composite film can be coextruded from the corresponding resin melt, for example by means of the applicant's nozzle blow head arranged for producing a thermally separated composite film having three or more layers, preferably having individual layers, cooled with the applicant's water cooling system, reheated, biaxially oriented by means of a closed compressed air bubble and finally thermoset or heat set in a further step within a defined temperature range. The composite membrane according to the invention may be a composite membrane comprising a barrier preventing gas diffusion, in particular oxygen diffusion and/or preventing water vapour diffusion.

The composite film of the invention can advantageously be obtained by the blowing process or the injection blow-molding process or the nozzle blow-molding process on the same applicant's apparatus or system for manufacturing tubular food films for food packaging, such as shrink films or shrink bags, if in addition the apparatus disclosed in the same applicant's patent specification DE 19916428B 4 for rapidly cooling thermoplastic tubes after extrusion is used. For this purpose, corresponding further developments according to patent specification DE 10048178B 4 are also conceivable.

In which a tubular film made from a plastic melt in a nozzle blow-moulding head is subjected to intensive cooling, during which the amorphous structure of the thermoplastic from the plastic melt is retained. As described in detail in the patent documents or publications DE 19916428B 4 and DE 10048178B 4, tubular films extruded vertically from a plastic melt in a nozzle blow head are initially moved without wall contact into a cooling device for cooling. To avoid repetition, reference is made in full to the contents of DE 19916428B 4 and DE 10048178B 4 with regard to the details of the method, structure and mode of operation of the cooling system (which is also referred to as calibration system).

The tubular membrane is then passed through a support in the cooling system, on which the membrane is supported due to the pressure difference between the inside of the tubular membrane and the coolant, wherein the liquid film is held between the membrane and the support, thus excluding sticking of the tubular membrane. The diameter of the support affects the diameter of the tubular membrane, which is why this cooling system of the same applicant is also called calibration system.

According to the invention, polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC) is a thermoplastic formed from vinylidene chloride (1, 1-dichloroethylene) similar to PVC. PVdC decomposes around the melting point of about 200 ℃.

According to the invention, the Polyamide (PA) may be a PA selected from the group consisting of epsilon-caprolactam or poly (epsilon-caprolactam) (PA6), a PA of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid or a polyhexamethylene adipamide (PA 6.6). PA of epsilon-caprolactam and hexamethylenediamine/adipic acid (PA6.66), PA of hexamethylenediamine and dodecanedioic acid or polyhexamethylenedodecanoamide (PA6.12), PA of 11-aminoundecanoic acid or polyundecanoamide (PA11), PA of 12-lauryllactam or poly (omega-lauryllactam) (PA12), or mixtures of these PAs with amorphous PA or other polymers. The general symbol pax.y is synonymous with PAx/y or PAxy.

For the purposes of the present application, the Polyolefin (PO) may be selected from the group consisting of PP, PE, LDPE, LLDPE, polyolefin plastomers (POP), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymers (EMMA), ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymers (EMA), ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers (EAA), copolymers of cyclic olefins/cyclic olefins and 1-olefins or Cyclic Olefin Copolymers (COC), Ionomers (IO) or mixtures or blends thereof. Further, the PO may be a mixture of the above PO and an ionomer.

In the context of the present invention, polyesters may be used as layer components of layer (a). The polyester is a polymer having an ester functional group in its main chain, and may be an aliphatic or aromatic polyester in particular. Polyesters can be obtained by polycondensation of the corresponding dicarboxylic acids with diols. Any dicarboxylic acid suitable for forming a polyester may be used in the synthesis of the polyester, particularly terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid, as well as dimers of unsaturated fatty acids. As further components for the synthesis of the polyesters, it is possible to use diols, for example: polyalkylene glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, hexylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and polytetramethylene oxide glycol; 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol and 2-alkyl-1, 3-propanediol.

Particularly preferred is PET which represents polyethylene terephthalate among polyesters. PET can be prepared by the polycondensation of terephthalic acid (1, 4-benzenedicarboxylic acid) with ethylene glycol (1, 2-dihydroxyethane).

Another preferred polyester is polylactide or polylactic acid (PLA), which may be included as a layer component in a layer providing the polyester as a layer component. These polymers are biocompatible/biodegradable, have a high melting temperature or melting point and good tensile strength in addition to low hygroscopicity.

In the context of the present invention, EVOH stands for EVOH as well as blends of EVOH with other polymers, ionomers, EMA or EMMA. In particular, EVOH also includes mixtures of EVOH and PA or mixtures of EVOH and ionomers.

Adhesion promoters (HV) represent adhesion layers, which ensure good adhesion between the layers. The HV may be based on a base material selected from PE, PP, EVA, EMA, EMMA, EAA and ionomers or mixtures thereof. Particularly suitable adhesion promoters (HV) according to the invention are EVA, EMA or EMMA, each having a purity of > 99%, preferably > 99.9%.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the layer comprising HV as a component of the layer may further comprise a mixture of PO and HV, or a mixture of EVA, EMA, EMMA and/or EAA and HV, or a mixture of ionomer and HV, or a mixture of multiple HVs.

For the purposes of the present invention, processability (number of cycles) means the speed (number of units per unit time) at which the composite film produced according to the invention can be further processed into usable packaging units, for example shrink bags for food products. This may include, for example, the formation of bag shapes, the application of sealing seams, and in a broader sense, may also include filling of the article to be packaged and sealing of the filled package.

For the purposes of the present invention, designating a material as a "layer component" means that the layer of the food film according to the invention at least partially comprises this material. In this context, the designation "layer component" within the meaning of the invention may in particular comprise that the layer consists entirely or exclusively of this material.

The composite membrane according to the invention is preferably sheet-like or tubular. Preferably, the composite film is a food film or food casing. The composite film is more preferably suitable for use as a heat-shrinkable packaging material.

In the context of the present application, "crosslinking by radiation" or "radiation crosslinking" means crosslinking by means of radioactive radiation, preferably "crosslinking by means of beta, gamma, X-ray and/or electron radiation". According to the invention, the omission of radiation crosslinking comprises radiation crosslinking integrated and downstream in the manufacturing process of the composite membrane.