阅读说明：本技术 一种无刷直流电机控制方法 (Brushless direct current motor control method ) 是由 秦军 于 2021-09-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种无刷直流电机控制方法,涉及电机技术领域,包括电机壳、端盖和封盖,所述端盖和封盖分别安装在电机壳的两端,所述电机壳的内部设有定子,且定子的内壁上设有绕组,所述绕组围绕定子的圆心等夹角设有多组,所述定子的内部转动安装有永磁转子,所述永磁转子的内侧设有转轴；所述转轴上的右端设有定位盘；本发明将定位盘设在转轴上,利用颜色传感器识别定位盘上不同颜色的颜色块,并将识别的数据传递给控制终端,控制终端根据当前颜色传感器识别的颜色块判断永磁转子的磁场位置,且控制终端从多组颜色块中设定一个基准块,通过颜色传感器识别两次基准块的时间间隔来判断永磁转子的转速,从而方便操作人员对电机进行调控。(The invention provides a control method of a brushless direct current motor, which relates to the technical field of motors and comprises a motor shell, end covers and sealing covers, wherein the end covers and the sealing covers are respectively arranged at two ends of the motor shell; a positioning disc is arranged at the right end of the rotating shaft; according to the invention, the positioning disc is arranged on the rotating shaft, the color sensors are utilized to identify the color blocks with different colors on the positioning disc, the identified data are transmitted to the control terminal, the control terminal judges the magnetic field position of the permanent magnet rotor according to the color block identified by the current color sensor, the control terminal sets a reference block from a plurality of groups of color blocks, and the rotating speed of the permanent magnet rotor is judged by the time interval of identifying the reference blocks twice by the color sensors, so that an operator can conveniently regulate and control the motor.)

1. A brushless direct current motor control method comprises a motor shell (1), an end cover (2) and a sealing cover (3), and is characterized in that: the end cover (2) and the sealing cover (3) are respectively installed at two ends of the motor casing (1), a stator (4) is arranged inside the motor casing (1), a winding (5) is arranged on the inner wall of the stator (4), a plurality of groups of windings (5) are arranged around the circle center of the stator (4) at equal included angles, a permanent magnet rotor (6) is rotatably installed inside the stator (4), and a rotating shaft (7) is arranged on the inner side of the permanent magnet rotor (6);

the right-hand member in pivot (7) is equipped with positioning disk (8), and the edge of positioning disk (8) right-hand member is equipped with colour piece (9), colour piece (9) center on contained angles such as the centre of a circle of positioning disk (8) are equipped with the multiunit, and the multiunit the colour of colour piece (9) is different, the inside of end cover (2) is equipped with PCB board (10), and the left end of PCB board (10) is equipped with color sensor (11), color sensor's signal output part and control terminal electric connection, the end is extended respectively about pivot (7) closing cap (3) and end cover (2).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: the motor casing (1) is provided with an electric control box (12), a single chip microcomputer (13) is arranged inside the electric control box (12), a pulse width modulation chip (14) and an FET field effect transistor circuit (15) are arranged in the single chip microcomputer (13), a plurality of groups of FET field effect transistors are arranged in the FET field effect transistor circuit (15), and the FET field effect transistors are respectively connected with the windings (5).

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein: be connected with power cord (16) and control line (17) on automatically controlled box (12), the input of power cord (16) is connected the power, and singlechip (13) is connected to the output of power cord (16), the input connection control terminal of control line (17), and singlechip (13) are connected to the control end of control line (17).

4. A method of controlling a brushless dc motor according to claim 3, wherein: the color sensor (11) identifies the color blocks (9) with different colors on the positioning disk (8) and transmits the identified data to the control terminal, the control terminal judges the magnetic field position of the permanent magnet rotor (6) according to the color blocks (9) identified by the current color sensor (11), the control terminal sets a reference block from a plurality of groups of color blocks (9), and the rotating speed of the permanent magnet rotor (6) is judged according to the time interval of identifying the reference blocks twice by the color sensor (11).

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein: the control terminal sends an instruction to the single chip microcomputer (13) through a control line (17), the single chip microcomputer (13) starts the FET circuit (15) according to the instruction, the multiple groups of FET field effect transistors are used for respectively controlling the multiple groups of windings (5) to be powered on and off to drive the permanent magnet rotor (6) to rotate, and the single chip microcomputer (13) starts the pulse width modulation chip (14) according to the instruction to control the voltage at the two ends of the windings (5) to adjust the rotating speed.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein: both ends on pivot (7) all are equipped with sealed bearing (18), the inboard of closing cap (3) be equipped with the left end sealed bearing (18) looks adaptation support groove (19), the left end of end cover (2) be equipped with the right-hand member sealed bearing (18) looks adaptation's supporting disk (20), the right-hand member of end cover (2) is equipped with sealing nozzle (21), the right-hand member of pivot (7) passes sealing nozzle (21).

7. A method of controlling a brushless dc motor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: motor casing (1) is equipped with damper outward, damper includes that locking hoop (22) and mounting panel (23), locking hoop (22) cover is in the outside of motor casing (1), and the front and back side of locking hoop (22) all is equipped with installation foot (24), installation foot (24) have fixed pipe (25), fixed pipe (25) activity is passed mounting panel (23), between installation foot (24) and mounting panel (23) fixed pipe (25) outside cover is equipped with spring (26).

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein: the bottom of fixed pipe (25) is equipped with oblique mouth (27), and the outside of oblique mouth (27) is equipped with skewed tooth (28), seted up on oblique mouth (27) and separated groove (29), the inside activity of fixed pipe (25) is inserted and is equipped with inserted bar (30), fixed pipe (25) insert the inside of installation base face (31).

9. The method of claim 8, wherein: the inboard of locking hoop (22) is equipped with glueballs (32), and glueballs (32) equidistance is equipped with the multiunit, the inboard contact of glueballs (32) motor casing (1), the lower extreme of side all is equipped with stationary blade (33) around motor casing (1), and stationary blade (33) are fixed through fixing bolt (34) and mounting panel (23).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of motors, in particular to a brushless direct current motor control method.

Background

Brushless direct current motor, abbreviated as BLDC in english, the stator (stationary part) of the motor is a coil, or called winding, the rotor (rotating part) is a permanent magnet, that is, magnet, and the energization of each coil is controlled by using a single chip microcomputer according to the position of the rotor, so that the magnetic field generated by the coil changes, thereby continuously hooking the rotor in front to rotate the rotor;

the following two control methods are generally used for the brushless motor:

the first method comprises the following steps: in the scheme, the Hall sensor has a complex structure, the cost is increased, the requirement on the production of the motor is higher, and a magnetic field is easily influenced, so that the Hall sensor is unstable in identification, the reliability is reduced, and the control of the motor is influenced;

and the second method comprises the following steps: in the scheme, although the motor is simple in structure and low in cost, the difficulty in phase change control by utilizing the controller software algorithm is high, the starting process is complex and difficult to realize, and the speed regulation range and the dynamic response performance of the motor can be reduced. In addition, the cost of controller software is increased, and therefore, the invention provides a brushless direct current motor control method to solve the problems in the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a brushless direct current motor control method, which is characterized in that a positioning disc is arranged on a rotating shaft, color blocks with different colors on the positioning disc are identified by using a color sensor, identified data are transmitted to a control terminal, the control terminal judges the magnetic field position of a permanent magnet rotor according to the color block identified by the current color sensor, the control terminal sets a reference block from multiple groups of color blocks, and the rotating speed of the permanent magnet rotor is judged by the time interval of identifying the reference blocks twice by using the color sensor, so that an operator can conveniently regulate and control a motor.

In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a brushless direct current motor control method comprises a motor shell, end covers and sealing covers, wherein the end covers and the sealing covers are respectively installed at two ends of the motor shell, a stator is arranged inside the motor shell, a winding is arranged on the inner wall of the stator, a plurality of groups of windings are arranged around the circle center of the stator at equal included angles, a permanent magnet rotor is rotatably installed inside the stator, and a rotating shaft is arranged on the inner side of the permanent magnet rotor;

the epaxial right-hand member of changeing is equipped with the positioning disk, and the edge of positioning disk right-hand member is equipped with the colour piece, the colour piece centers on contained angle such as the centre of a circle of positioning disk is equipped with the multiunit, and the multiunit the colour of colour piece is different, the inside of end cover is equipped with the PCB board, and the left end of PCB board is equipped with color sensor, color sensor's signal output part and control terminal electric connection, the end extends respectively about the pivot closing cap and end cover.

The further improvement lies in that: the motor comprises a motor shell, and is characterized in that an electric control box is arranged on the motor shell, a single chip microcomputer is arranged in the electric control box, a pulse width modulation chip and an FET (field effect transistor) circuit are arranged in the single chip microcomputer, a plurality of groups of FET field effect transistors are arranged in the FET field effect transistor circuit, and the FET field effect transistors are respectively connected with the windings.

The further improvement lies in that: the electronic control box is connected with a power line and a control line, the input end of the power line is connected with a power supply, the output end of the power line is connected with the single chip microcomputer, the input end of the control line is connected with the control terminal, and the control end of the control line is connected with the single chip microcomputer.

The further improvement lies in that: the color sensor identifies color blocks with different colors on the positioning disc, identified data are transmitted to the control terminal, the control terminal judges the magnetic field position of the permanent magnet rotor according to the color blocks identified by the current color sensor, the control terminal sets a reference block from multiple groups of color blocks, and the rotating speed of the permanent magnet rotor is judged according to the time interval of identifying the reference blocks twice by the color sensor.

The further improvement lies in that: the control terminal sends an instruction to the single chip microcomputer through a control line, the single chip microcomputer starts an FET circuit according to the instruction, a plurality of groups of windings are controlled to be powered on and off respectively by utilizing the FET circuits to drive the permanent magnet rotor to rotate, and the single chip microcomputer starts the pulse width modulation chip according to the instruction to control the voltage at two ends of the windings to adjust the rotating speed.

The further improvement lies in that: the sealing device is characterized in that sealing bearings are arranged at two ends of the rotating shaft, a supporting groove matched with the sealing bearings at the left end is formed in the inner side of the sealing cover, a supporting plate matched with the sealing bearings at the right end is arranged at the left end of the end cover, a sealing nozzle is arranged at the right end of the end cover, and the right end of the rotating shaft penetrates through the sealing nozzle.

The further improvement lies in that: the motor casing is equipped with damper outward, damper includes locking hoop and mounting panel, locking hoop cover is in the outside of motor casing, and the front and back side of locking hoop all is equipped with the installation foot, the installation foot has fixed pipe, fixed pipe activity is passed the mounting panel, between installation foot and the mounting panel fixed outside of tubes cover is equipped with the spring.

The further improvement lies in that: the bottom of the fixed pipe is provided with an inclined nozzle, the outer side of the inclined nozzle is provided with inclined teeth, the inclined nozzle is provided with a separation groove, the inside of the fixed pipe is movably inserted with an insertion rod, and the fixed pipe is inserted into the inside of the installation base surface.

The further improvement lies in that: the inboard of locking hoop is equipped with the glueballs, and glueballs equidistance is equipped with the multiunit, the inboard contact of glueballs the motor casing, the lower extreme of side all is equipped with the stationary blade around the motor casing, and the stationary blade passes through fixing bolt and mounting panel is fixed.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the invention, the positioning disc is arranged on the rotating shaft, the color sensors are utilized to identify the color blocks with different colors on the positioning disc, the identified data are transmitted to the control terminal, the control terminal judges the magnetic field position of the permanent magnet rotor according to the color block identified by the current color sensor, the control terminal sets a reference block from a plurality of groups of color blocks, and the rotating speed of the permanent magnet rotor is judged by the time interval of identifying the reference blocks twice by the color sensors, so that an operator can conveniently regulate and control the motor.

2. In the regulation and control process, an operator sends an instruction to the single chip microcomputer through a control line according to the position and the rotating speed of the motor magnetic field identified by the color sensor, the single chip microcomputer starts the FET circuit according to the instruction, the multiple groups of FET field effect transistors are used for respectively controlling the multiple groups of windings to be powered on and off to drive the permanent magnet rotor to rotate, and the single chip microcomputer starts the pulse width modulation chip according to the instruction to control the voltage at the two ends of the windings to regulate the rotating speed, so that the regulation and control are convenient.

3. The invention is provided with the damping component, the locking hoop is sleeved outside the motor shell, and when the motor vibrates during operation, the spring between the mounting foot and the mounting plate can buffer the vibration force, thereby being beneficial to reducing the vibration of the motor and protecting the internal elements of the motor.

4. The invention is arranged on the installation base surface through the fixed pipe, the inserted bar is inserted into the fixed pipe and penetrates out of the fixed pipe, and the inclined nozzle is pushed open by the action of the separation groove, so that the inclined teeth can be driven to be clamped in the installation base surface, and the installation is more convenient.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the present invention in broken away form;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the interior of the electrical control box of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic winding diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the locking collar of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the installation of the fixing tube and the insertion rod of the present invention.

Wherein: 1. a motor housing; 2. an end cap; 3. sealing the cover; 4. a stator; 5. a winding; 6. a permanent magnet rotor; 7. a rotating shaft; 8. positioning a plate; 9. color blocks; 10. a PCB board; 11. a color sensor; 12. an electronic control box; 13. a single chip microcomputer; 14. a pulse width modulation chip; 15. a FET field effect transistor circuit; 16. a power line; 17. a control line; 18. sealing the bearing; 19. a support groove; 20. a support disc; 21. sealing the nozzle; 22. a locking collar; 23. mounting a plate; 24. mounting a foot; 25. a fixed tube; 26. a spring; 27. an inclined nozzle; 28. helical teeth; 29. a separation tank; 30. inserting a rod; 31. installing a base surface; 32. rubber balls; 33. a fixing sheet; 34. and (5) fixing the bolt.

Detailed Description

In order to further understand the present invention, the following detailed description will be made with reference to the following examples, which are only used for explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example one

According to fig. 1, 2, 3, and 4, the embodiment provides a method for controlling a brushless direct current motor, which includes a motor casing 1, an end cover 2, and a sealing cover 3, where the end cover 2 and the sealing cover 3 are respectively installed at two ends of the motor casing 1, a stator 4 is installed inside the motor casing 1, a plurality of windings 5 are installed on an inner wall of the stator 4, the windings 5 are provided at equal included angles around a circle center of the stator 4, a permanent magnet rotor 6 is rotatably installed inside the stator 4, and a rotating shaft 7 is installed inside the permanent magnet rotor 6;

the right-hand member in the pivot 7 is equipped with positioning disk 8, and the edge of the 8 right-hand members of positioning disk is equipped with color piece 9, color piece 9 centers on contained angle such as the centre of a circle of positioning disk 8 is equipped with the multiunit, and the multiunit the colour of color piece 9 is different, the inside of end cover 2 is equipped with PCB board 10, and the left end of PCB board 10 is equipped with color sensor 11, color sensor's signal output part and control terminal electric connection, the end extends respectively about pivot 7 closing cap 3 and end cover 2. During the use, utilize colour sensor 11 discernment positioning disk 8 on the colour piece 9 of different colours to give control terminal with the data transfer of discernment, control terminal judges permanent magnet rotor 6's magnetic field position according to the colour piece 9 of current colour sensor 11 discernment, and control terminal sets for a reference block from multiunit colour piece 9, judges permanent magnet rotor 6's rotational speed through the time interval of two reference blocks of colour sensor 11 discernment, thereby makes things convenient for operating personnel to regulate and control the motor.

The motor shell 1 is provided with an electric control box 12, a single chip microcomputer 13 is arranged inside the electric control box 12, a pulse width modulation chip 14 and an FET field effect transistor circuit 15 are arranged in the single chip microcomputer 13, a plurality of groups of FET field effect transistors are arranged in the FET field effect transistor circuit 15, and the FET field effect transistors are respectively connected with the windings 5. Be connected with power cord 16 and control line 17 on the automatically controlled box 12, the input of power cord 16 is connected the power, and the output of power cord 16 connects singlechip 13, control terminal is connected to the input of control line 17, and singlechip 13 is connected to the control end of control line 17. In the regulation and control, an operator sends an instruction to the single chip microcomputer 13 through the control line 17 according to the position and the rotating speed of the motor magnetic field identified by the color sensor, the single chip microcomputer 13 starts the FET circuit 15 according to the instruction, the multiple groups of FET field effect transistors are used for respectively controlling the multiple groups of windings 5 to be powered on and off to drive the permanent magnet rotor 6 to rotate, and the single chip microcomputer 13 starts the pulse width modulation chip 14 according to the instruction to control the voltage at the two ends of the windings 5 to regulate the rotating speed, so that the regulation and control are convenient.

The color sensor 11 identifies the color blocks 9 with different colors on the positioning disk 8, and transmits the identified data to the control terminal, the control terminal judges the magnetic field position of the permanent magnet rotor 6 according to the color blocks 9 identified by the current color sensor 11, the control terminal sets a reference block from the groups of color blocks 9, and the rotating speed of the permanent magnet rotor 6 is judged according to the time interval of identifying the reference blocks twice by the color sensor 11. The control terminal sends an instruction to the single chip microcomputer 13 through a control line 17, the single chip microcomputer 13 starts the FET circuit 15 according to the instruction, the multiple groups of the FET circuits are used for respectively controlling the multiple groups of the windings 5 to be powered on and off to drive the permanent magnet rotor 6 to rotate, and the single chip microcomputer 13 starts the pulse width modulation chip 14 according to the instruction to control the voltage at the two ends of the windings 5 to adjust the rotating speed.

Both ends on the pivot 7 all are equipped with sealed bearing 18, the inboard of closing cap 3 be equipped with the left end sealed bearing 18 looks adaptation support groove 19, the left end of end cover 2 be equipped with the right-hand member sealed bearing 18 looks adaptation's supporting disk 20, the right-hand member of end cover 2 is equipped with sealing nozzle 21, the right-hand member of pivot 7 passes sealing nozzle 21. The sealing performance is improved.

Example two

According to fig. 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6, the embodiment provides a method for controlling a brushless direct current motor, which includes a motor casing 1, an end cover 2, and a sealing cover 3, where the end cover 2 and the sealing cover 3 are respectively installed at two ends of the motor casing 1, a stator 4 is installed inside the motor casing 1, a plurality of windings 5 are installed on an inner wall of the stator 4, the windings 5 are provided with a plurality of groups at equal included angles around a circle center of the stator 4, a permanent magnet rotor 6 is rotatably installed inside the stator 4, and a rotating shaft 7 is installed inside the permanent magnet rotor 6;

the right-hand member in the pivot 7 is equipped with positioning disk 8, and the edge of the 8 right-hand members of positioning disk is equipped with color piece 9, color piece 9 centers on contained angle such as the centre of a circle of positioning disk 8 is equipped with the multiunit, and the multiunit the colour of color piece 9 is different, the inside of end cover 2 is equipped with PCB board 10, and the left end of PCB board 10 is equipped with color sensor 11, color sensor's signal output part and control terminal electric connection, the end extends respectively about pivot 7 closing cap 3 and end cover 2. During the use, utilize colour sensor 11 discernment positioning disk 8 on the colour piece 9 of different colours to give control terminal with the data transfer of discernment, control terminal judges permanent magnet rotor 6's magnetic field position according to the colour piece 9 of current colour sensor 11 discernment, and control terminal sets for a reference block from multiunit colour piece 9, judges permanent magnet rotor 6's rotational speed through the time interval of two reference blocks of colour sensor 11 discernment, thereby makes things convenient for operating personnel to regulate and control the motor.

Motor casing 1 is equipped with damper outward, damper includes locking hoop 22 and mounting panel 23, locking hoop 22 cover is in the outside of motor casing 1, and the front and back side of locking hoop 22 all is equipped with installation foot 24, installation foot 24 has fixed pipe 25, fixed pipe 25 activity is passed mounting panel 23, between installation foot 24 and the mounting panel 23 fixed pipe 25 outside cover is equipped with spring 26. The locking hoop 22 is sleeved outside the motor shell 1, and when the motor vibrates during operation, the spring 26 between the mounting foot 24 and the mounting plate 23 can buffer the vibration force, so that the vibration of the motor can be reduced, and internal elements of the motor can be protected.

The bottom end of the fixed pipe 25 is provided with an inclined nozzle 27, the outer side of the inclined nozzle 27 is provided with inclined teeth 28, the inclined nozzle 27 is provided with a separation groove 29, the inside of the fixed pipe 25 is movably inserted with an insertion rod 30, and the fixed pipe 25 is inserted into an installation base surface 31. The invention is arranged on the installation base surface 31 through the fixed pipe 25, the inserted rod 30 is inserted into the fixed pipe 25 and penetrates out, the inclined nozzle 27 is pushed open by the action of the separation groove 29, the inclined teeth 28 can be driven to be clamped in the installation base surface 31, and the installation is more convenient.

The inboard of locking hoop 22 is equipped with gluey ball 32, and gluey ball 32 equidistance is equipped with the multiunit, the inboard contact of gluey ball 32 motor casing 1 provides the cushioning effect, the lower extreme of side all is equipped with stationary blade 33 around the motor casing 1, and stationary blade 33 passes through fixing bolt 34 and is fixed with mounting panel 23.

According to the brushless direct current motor control method, the positioning disc 8 is arranged on the rotating shaft 7, the color sensors 11 are used for identifying the color blocks 9 with different colors on the positioning disc 8, the identified data are transmitted to the control terminal, the control terminal judges the magnetic field position of the permanent magnet rotor 6 according to the color blocks 9 identified by the current color sensors 11, the control terminal sets a reference block from the groups of color blocks 9, the rotating speed of the permanent magnet rotor 6 is judged according to the time interval of identifying the reference blocks twice by the color sensors 11, and therefore an operator can conveniently regulate and control the motor. Meanwhile, in the regulation and control of the invention, an operator sends an instruction to the single chip microcomputer 13 through the control line 17 according to the position and the rotating speed of the motor magnetic field identified by the color sensor, the single chip microcomputer 13 starts the FET circuit 15 according to the instruction, the multiple groups of FET transistors are used for respectively controlling the energization on-off of the multiple groups of windings 5 to drive the permanent magnet rotor 6 to rotate, and the single chip microcomputer 13 starts the pulse width modulation chip 14 according to the instruction to control the voltage at the two ends of the windings 5 to regulate and control the rotating speed, thereby being convenient for regulation and control. In addition, the invention is provided with a damping component, the locking hoop 22 is sleeved outside the motor shell 1, and when the motor vibrates during operation, the spring 26 between the mounting foot 24 and the mounting plate 23 can buffer the vibration force, thereby being beneficial to reducing the vibration of the motor and protecting the internal elements of the motor. Finally, the invention is installed on the installation base 31 through the fixed pipe 25, the inserting rod 30 is inserted into the fixed pipe 25 and penetrates out, the inclined nozzle 27 is pushed open by the action of the separation groove 29, the inclined teeth 28 can be driven to be clamped in the installation base 31, and the installation is more convenient.

The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.