阅读说明：本技术 一种特高压玻璃绝缘子及其制备方法 (Extra-high voltage glass insulator and preparation method thereof ) 是由 陈利民 梁旖旎 刘长虹 刘继辉 李海萍 于 2021-10-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及绝缘子制备技术领域,提供了一种特高压玻璃绝缘子的制备方法,包括配料、熔制、压制成型、均温钢化、冷热冲击、均质处理、胶装、养护。本发明优化了产品配方,采用全氧燃烧技术,有效提高燃料的使用效率,降低能耗的同时提高了玻璃液的均匀度,有效提高了产品合格率并可直接降低自爆率；改进了玻璃液的冷却方式,供料道内温差小、内供料均匀；改进了压制成型中的模具冷却系统,可以使热量有效排出,改进后的模具温差小于50K,可有效提高干弧距离,也使产品的机电性能更为稳定和优良,并有效地降低了产品的自爆率。(The invention relates to the technical field of insulator preparation, and provides a preparation method of an extra-high voltage glass insulator. The invention optimizes the product formula, adopts the oxy-fuel combustion technology, effectively improves the use efficiency of the fuel, reduces the energy consumption, simultaneously improves the uniformity of the molten glass, effectively improves the product percent of pass and can directly reduce the self-explosion rate; the cooling mode of the molten glass is improved, the temperature difference in the feeding channel is small, and the feeding is uniform; the improved mould cooling system in the compression molding process can effectively discharge heat, the temperature difference of the improved mould is less than 50K, the dry arc distance can be effectively increased, the electromechanical performance of the product is more stable and excellent, and the spontaneous explosion rate of the product is effectively reduced.)

1. The preparation method of the extra-high voltage glass insulator is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, batching: feeding the raw materials into a mixing device according to the formula amount, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture, controlling the uniformity of the mixture to be more than or equal to 95%, and then feeding the mixture into a kiln bin;

s2, melting: using oxygen with the purity of more than or equal to 97.5% to support combustion, controlling the temperature of the top of the kiln to be 1420-1520 ℃, the temperature of the bottom of the kiln to be 1180-1250 ℃ and the kiln pressure to be 0-15 Pa, and melting the mixture to obtain molten glass;

s3, press forming: discharging the molten glass through the totally-enclosed feeding channel, and arranging a heat conduction device at the starting point of the feeding channel to reduce the temperature of the molten glass to 1020-1080 ℃, so as to control the temperature difference of the molten glass in the whole feeding channel to be less than or equal to 5 ℃; forming a gob into a gob by a feeder after discharging the molten glass, feeding the gob into a pressing forming machine, heating the gob to be dropped, then dropping the gob into a lower die, heating the gob in the lower die again, then pressing down an upper die, pressing and forming the gob to obtain a glass piece, starting a cooling system in the pressing forming machine after pressing is finished to cool the glass piece, and then lifting and demoulding the upper die; the cooling system comprises a cooler arranged in an upper die and an external cold air blowing device, the cooler of the upper die comprises a cooling air device and a model part, the cooling air device comprises a middle air inlet pipe and peripheral air inlet pipes arranged on the left side and the right side of the middle air inlet pipe, the upper ends of the middle cooling air inlet pipe and the peripheral cooling air inlet pipes are connected with an upper air inlet pipe, the upper air inlet pipe is connected with a cold air source, the lower end of the cooling device is provided with a plurality of first air outlets distributed in an annular shape, the first air outlets are used for introducing cold air of the peripheral air inlet pipes into a cavity between the cooling device and the model part, the cavity is in a shape with one closed end and the other open end, the lower surface of the model part is an upper die profile, the upper die profile is used for forming an insulator, the model part is provided with a plurality of air holes distributed in an annular shape, and the air holes are used for leading out cold air in the cavity to the insulator part, the model part comprises a cap-shaped head part and an umbrella skirt part, a first groove is arranged in the cap-shaped head part, and the middle air inlet pipe extends into the first groove; the cold air blowing device is used for carrying out external air blowing cooling on the glass piece;

s4, tempering at uniform temperature: then transferring the obtained glass piece to a preheated bowl in a uniform temperature zone, preheating the glass piece, and then sending the glass piece into a uniform temperature furnace for uniform temperature treatment; controlling the upper wind pressure and the lower wind pressure of a toughening machine, quenching the glass piece, and forming a pressure stress layer on the surface of the glass piece so as to toughen the glass piece;

s5, cold and hot impact: carrying out thermal shock and cold shock on the toughened glass piece, and enabling qualified products to enter the next step;

s6, homogenizing: homogenizing nickel sulfide, removing defective products and reducing the operation self-destruction rate;

s7, cementing and maintaining: and cementing the obtained glass piece with an iron cap and a steel pin by using an adhesive, and curing for a period of time to obtain the extra-high voltage glass insulator.

2. The method for preparing the extra-high voltage glass insulator according to claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the mixture in the step S1 is 2-5 wt%.

3. The method for preparing an extra-high voltage glass insulator according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials in step S1 further comprise cullet, and the addition amount of the cullet is 22-30% of the total raw material weight.

4. The method for preparing an extra-high voltage glass insulator according to claim 1, wherein the heat conducting device in step S3 is a circulating water cooling or air cooling device.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the gob in step S3 is 1020-.

6. The method for preparing an extra-high voltage glass insulator according to claim 1, wherein in step S4: the temperature of the temperature equalization treatment is 650-780 ℃, and the treatment time is 2-3 min; the upper wind pressure is 0.08-0.13 MPa, the lower wind pressure is 0.04-0.08 MPa, and an upper wind grid of the tempering machine is telescopic.

7. The method for preparing an extra-high voltage glass insulator according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the thermal shock temperature difference in the cold and heat shock is not less than 350 ℃, and the cold shock temperature difference is not less than 100 ℃.

8. The method for preparing the extra-high voltage glass insulator according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the nickel sulfide homogenization treatment in the step S6 is 260-300 ℃, and the time is not less than 2 hours.

9. The method for preparing the extra-high voltage glass insulator according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive in the step S7 comprises high-strength cement, quartz sand and water, the adhesive is a vibration cementing machine, a vibration source is a pneumatic vibration source, the amplitude is 0.2-0.35 mm, and the vibration frequency is 9000-11000 times/min; the curing comprises firstly curing for more than or equal to 3 hours at 35-50 ℃ by steam and then curing for more than or equal to 10 hours at 40-80 ℃ by water.

10. An extra-high voltage glass insulator is characterized by being prepared according to the preparation method of any one of claims 1-9.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of insulator preparation, in particular to an extra-high voltage glass insulator and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The insulator is an important component of an overhead transmission line and is a device with the largest use amount in a power system. The glass insulator has the characteristics of good arc resistance and vibration resistance, difficult aging, good self-cleaning property and the like, and is widely applied to power transmission lines. The glass insulator is generally composed of an iron cap, a toughened glass piece and a steel pin, and is glued into a whole by using a glue through the processes of gluing, curing and the like.

The glass insulator industry commonly adopts a gas heat accumulating type glass kiln, and the heat accumulating type glass kiln is used for heat accumulation and reversing. Although the gas heat accumulating type glass kiln has the advantages of long flame, complete combustion, low investment, low energy consumption and easy operation, air is used as a combustion improver, gas is not completely combusted, a large amount of toxic and harmful gases such as nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and the like can be generated, serious environmental pollution is caused, meanwhile, nitrogen-containing smoke gas can corrode equipment such as a regenerator and the like, and the service life of the furnace is shortened; the fuel utilization rate is low, the fuel consumption is large, and the waste is serious; in addition, the molten glass obtained by melting has poor uniformity, and finally, the product has high self-explosion rate and low product percent of pass. The traditional cooling mode of molten glass feeding is skylight type cooling, and the cooling effect is direct and simple, but the non-uniformity of the molten glass is easily caused. The cooling mode of the forming die is air duct type internal cooling, the air nozzle type air disc is used for cooling, the temperature difference of the die reaches 300K to the maximum extent, the heat extraction effect is poor, the electromechanical performance of the product is poor, and the self-explosion rate is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome at least one of the defects in the prior art and provides an extra-high voltage glass insulator and a preparation method thereof. The purpose of the invention is realized based on the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a preparation method of an extra-high voltage glass insulator, which comprises the following steps:

s1, batching: feeding the raw materials into a mixing device according to the formula amount, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture, controlling the uniformity of the mixture to be more than or equal to 95%, and then feeding the mixture into a kiln bin;

s2, melting: using oxygen with the purity of more than or equal to 97.5% to support combustion, controlling the temperature of the top of the kiln to be 1420-1520 ℃, the temperature of the bottom of the kiln to be 1180-1250 ℃ and the kiln pressure to be 0-15 Pa, and melting the mixture to obtain molten glass;

s3, press forming: discharging the molten glass through the totally-enclosed feeding channel, and arranging a heat conduction device at the starting point of the feeding channel to reduce the temperature of the molten glass to 1020-1080 ℃, so as to control the temperature difference of the molten glass in the whole feeding channel to be less than or equal to 5 ℃; forming a gob into a gob by a feeder after discharging the molten glass, feeding the gob into a pressing forming machine, heating the gob to be dropped, then dropping the gob into a lower die, heating the gob in the lower die again, then pressing down an upper die, pressing and forming the gob to obtain a glass piece, starting a cooling system in the pressing forming machine after pressing is finished to cool the glass piece, and then lifting and demoulding the upper die; the cooling system comprises a cooler arranged in an upper die and an external cold air blowing device, the cooler of the upper die comprises a cooling air device and a model part, the cooling air device comprises a middle air inlet pipe and peripheral air inlet pipes arranged on the left side and the right side of the middle air inlet pipe, the upper ends of the middle cooling air inlet pipe and the peripheral cooling air inlet pipes are connected with an upper air inlet pipe, the upper air inlet pipe is connected with a cold air source, the lower end of the cooling device is provided with a plurality of first air outlets distributed in an annular shape, the first air outlets are used for introducing cold air of the peripheral air inlet pipes into a cavity between the cooling device and the model part, the cavity is in a shape with one closed end and the other open end, the lower surface of the model part is an upper die profile, the upper die profile is used for forming an insulator, the model part is provided with a plurality of air holes distributed in an annular shape, and the air holes are used for leading out cold air in the cavity to the insulator part, the model part comprises a cap-shaped head part and an umbrella skirt part, a first groove is arranged in the cap-shaped head part, and the middle air inlet pipe extends into the first groove; the cold air blowing device is used for carrying out external air blowing cooling on the glass piece;

s4, tempering at uniform temperature: then transferring the obtained glass piece to a preheated bowl in a uniform temperature zone, preheating the glass piece, and then sending the glass piece into a uniform temperature furnace for uniform temperature treatment; controlling the upper wind pressure and the lower wind pressure of a toughening machine, quenching the glass piece, and forming a pressure stress layer on the surface of the glass piece so as to toughen the glass piece;

s5, cold and hot impact: carrying out thermal shock and cold shock on the toughened glass piece, and enabling qualified products to enter the next step;

s6, homogenizing: homogenizing nickel sulfide, removing defective products and reducing the operation self-destruction rate;

s7, cementing and maintaining: and cementing the obtained glass piece with an iron cap and a steel pin by using an adhesive, and curing for a period of time to obtain the extra-high voltage glass insulator.

The extra-high voltage glass insulator takes quartz powder as a basic material, and adopts low-cost mineral raw materials such as zircon, calcite, limestone, potash feldspar, albite and the like and a small amount of dielectric property modifier to form an excellent component formula. The melting adopts the oxy-fuel combustion technology, does not need a regenerative furnace, effectively improves the use efficiency of the fuel, can reduce the use amount of the fuel, reduces the energy consumption, simultaneously improves the uniformity of the molten glass, effectively improves the product qualification rate, and can directly reduce the spontaneous explosion rate, which is far beyond the international passing requirement of 0.2-0.44 per mill. The traditional cooling mode is skylight-opened cooling, the cooling effect is direct and simple, but the non-uniformity of feeding is easily caused, and the electromechanical performance of the glass insulator is influenced; the feeding channel of the invention adopts a totally enclosed type, the highest point temperature of the glass liquid channel is reduced through a heat conduction design, the low point temperature is not influenced, and the temperature difference is extremely small, so that the feeding temperature is more uniform. The traditional internal cooling of a die cooling system in the compression molding is in an air duct type, heat is taken away through air flow heat conduction, the maximum temperature difference of the die can reach about 300K, and the dry arc distance of a product is generally small; according to the invention, the cooling in the die is improved into an air disc cooler type, the cooler is reasonably designed through the positioning of the air disc, the heat can be effectively discharged, and the temperature difference of the improved die is less than 50K; an external cooling system is improved, a traditional tuyere type air plate is changed into a multi-hole arc-shaped air plate, and an internal cooling system is assisted, so that heat can be effectively discharged; the two improvements can effectively improve the dry arc distance, make the electromechanical performance of the product more stable and effectively reduce the spontaneous explosion rate of the product. The invention ensures the high strength, high hardness and high toughness of the extra-high voltage glass insulator through scientific formula and advanced manufacturing technology; meanwhile, the technical problems that an extra-high voltage glass insulator product is fragile, the assembly precision of a component and a metal part is difficult to control and the like are solved.

Preferably, the moisture content of the mixture in the step S1 is 2-5 wt%.

Preferably, the raw materials in step S1 further include cullet, and the addition amount of the cullet is 22-30% of the total raw material weight.

Preferably, the heat conducting device in step S3 is a circulating water cooling or air cooling device, and the feeding machine is a single-droplet electronic servo feeding machine.

Preferably, in step S3:

the temperature of the gob is 1020-1080 ℃.

And the middle air inlet pipe is provided with a plurality of second air outlets which are positioned inside the first groove.

The mould is characterized in that a plurality of grooves are formed in the mould part, the grooves are located between adjacent umbrella edge models of the upper mould surface, and air holes are formed in the bottoms of the grooves.

And a plurality of air pipes are further arranged in the model part, one end of each air pipe is connected with the first air outlet, and the other end of each air pipe extends into the corresponding groove.

The model portion is internally provided with a plurality of heat-conducting columns, and the heat-conducting columns are opposite to the first air outlet and are arranged at intervals.

Preferably, the temperature of the temperature equalization treatment in the step S4 is 650-780 ℃, and the treatment time is 2-3 min.

Preferably, in the step S4, the upper wind pressure is 0.08 to 0.13MPa, the lower wind pressure is 0.04 to 0.08MPa, and the upper wind grid of the tempering machine is retractable.

Preferably, the temperature difference of the hot impact and the cold impact in the step S5 is more than or equal to 350 ℃, and the temperature difference of the cold impact is more than or equal to 100 ℃.

Preferably, the temperature of the nickel sulfide homogenization treatment in the step S6 is 260-300 ℃, and the time is more than or equal to 2 hours.

Preferably, the adhesive in the step S7 includes high-strength cement, quartz sand and water, the adhesive package adopts a vibration adhesive machine, the vibration source is a pneumatic vibration source, the amplitude is 0.2-0.35 mm, and the vibration frequency is 9000-11000 times/min; the curing comprises firstly curing for more than or equal to 3 hours at 35-50 ℃ by steam and then curing for more than or equal to 10 hours at 40-80 ℃ by water.

In another aspect of the invention, the invention provides an extra-high voltage glass insulator which is prepared according to any one of the preparation methods.

The invention can obtain at least one of the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention adopts the oxy-fuel combustion technology, effectively improves the use efficiency of the fuel, reduces the energy consumption, improves the uniformity of the molten glass, effectively improves the product qualification rate and can directly reduce the self-explosion rate; the cooling mode of the molten glass is improved, the temperature difference in the feeding channel is small, and the feeding is uniform; the improved mould cooling system in the compression molding process can effectively discharge heat, the temperature difference of the improved mould is less than 50K, the dry arc distance can be effectively increased, the electromechanical performance of the product is more stable and excellent, and the spontaneous explosion rate of the product is effectively reduced.

2. The glass insulator obtained by the invention has excellent electromechanical performance, and the spontaneous explosion rate in the use process is less than 0.1 per thousand, which far exceeds the requirement of 0.2-0.44 per thousand of international traffic.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an upper mold structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an upper mold in the press molding apparatus includes a cooling air device 101 and a mold part 102, the cooling air device 101 includes a middle air inlet pipe 103 and peripheral air inlet pipes 104 disposed on left and right sides of the middle air inlet pipe 103, upper ends of the middle cooling air inlet pipe 103 and the peripheral cooling air inlet pipes 104 are connected to an upper air pipe 117, the upper air pipe 117 is connected to a cold air source, a plurality of first air outlets 105 annularly distributed are disposed at a lower end of the cooling device 101, the first air outlets 105 are used for introducing cold air from the peripheral air inlet pipes 104 into a cavity 106 between the cooling device 101 and the mold part 102, the cavity 106 has a shape with one closed end and an open end, and the open end can be connected to an induced draft fan to draw out air after absorbing heat from the mold. The lower surface of the model part 102 is an upper model surface 108, the upper model surface 108 is used for forming the shape of an insulator, a plurality of air holes 107 distributed in an annular shape are formed in the model part 102, the air holes 107 are used for leading cold air in the cavity 106 out to the insulator, the model part 102 comprises a cap-shaped head part 109 and an umbrella skirt part 110, a first groove 111 is formed in the cap-shaped head part 109, and the middle air inlet pipe 103 extends into the first groove 111. The middle air inlet pipe 103 is provided with a plurality of second air outlets 113 which are positioned inside the first groove 111, and the second air outlets can increase the cold air volume and the contact area, so that the cooling of the glass piece is accelerated.

A plurality of grooves 112 are formed in the model part 102, the grooves 112 are located between adjacent umbrella rib models of the upper model surface 108, and air holes 107 which are distributed annularly are formed in the bottom of each groove 112, so that the contact area between cold air and a mold and a glass piece is increased, and the cooling effect is improved. A plurality of air ducts 114 may be further disposed in the mold portion 102, one end of each air duct 114 is connected to the first air outlet 105, and the other end of each air duct 114 extends into the corresponding groove 112. The air pipe directly introduces cold air into the groove, so that the wind power is more concentrated, the full utilization is realized, and the cooling effect is better. Wherein, the inner diameter of the air hole 107 is less than 50 microns so as to ensure the surface quality of the glass insulator. A side air duct 118 is further provided at a side between the cooling air device 101 and the mold part 102 for introducing a source of cool air into the edge of the skirt part 110.

The model part 102 is internally provided with a plurality of heat-conducting columns 115, the heat-conducting columns 115 are opposite to the first air outlet 105 and are arranged at intervals, and preferably, the heat-conducting columns 115 are positioned above the tip end of the umbrella rib model, so that the heat dissipation effect of the umbrella rib part is improved. The heat conduction post can further derive the heat of glass spare on the one hand, better heat dissipation, and on the other hand is relative and the interval sets up with first air outlet, can make cold wind introduce between the heat conduction post, further improves the radiating effect.

The following example illustrates the preparation of a soda-lime-silica glass insulator T30M, having a creepage distance of 550 mm. The raw material formula is as follows: 1000t of quartz sand, 200t of dolomite, 200t of potassium feldspar, 200t of soda ash, 80t of limestone, 50t of potassium carbonate, 40t of barium carbonate and 40t of mirabilite.

Example 1

A preparation method of an extra-high voltage glass insulator comprises the following steps:

s1, batching: feeding the raw materials and cullet into a mixing device according to the formula amount, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture, wherein the adding amount of the cullet is 22%, the uniformity of the mixture is controlled to be more than or equal to 95%, and the water content is controlled to be 2-2.5 wt%, and then feeding the mixture into a kiln bin;

s2, melting: adopting a total oxygen combustion technology, namely using oxygen with the purity of more than or equal to 97.5% to support combustion, controlling the temperature of the top of the kiln to be 1422 +/-2 ℃, the temperature of the bottom of the kiln to be 1185 +/-2 ℃ and the kiln pressure to be 10-15 Pa, and melting the mixture to obtain molten glass;

s3, press forming: discharging the molten glass through the totally-closed feeding channel, and arranging a circulating water cooling or air cooling heat conduction device at the starting point of the feeding channel to reduce the temperature of the molten glass to 1023-1025 ℃, so as to control the temperature difference of the molten glass in the whole feeding channel to be less than or equal to 5 ℃; forming a gob through a feeder after discharging the molten glass, heating the gob to be dropped, dropping the gob into a lower die, and heating the gob in the lower die again, wherein the temperature of the gob is 1020-1022 ℃; pressing down the upper die, performing pressure forming on the gob to obtain a glass piece, starting a cooling system in a pressure forming machine after the pressing is finished to cool the glass piece, and then lifting up the upper die and demolding;

s4, tempering at uniform temperature: then transferring the obtained glass piece to a preheated bowl in a temperature equalizing zone, preheating the glass piece, and then sending the glass piece into a temperature equalizing furnace for temperature equalizing treatment, wherein the temperature of the temperature equalizing treatment is 650 ℃, and the treatment time is 3 min; the upper air grid of the toughening machine is telescopic, the upper air pressure of the toughening machine is controlled to be 0.08-0.1 MPa, the lower air pressure of the toughening machine is controlled to be 0.04-0.05 MPa, the glass piece is quenched, and a pressure stress layer is formed on the surface of the glass piece, so that the glass piece is toughened;

s5, cold and hot impact: carrying out thermal shock and cold shock on the toughened glass piece, wherein the thermal shock temperature difference is more than or equal to 350 ℃, the cold shock temperature difference is more than or equal to 100 ℃, and the qualified product enters the next step;

s6, homogenizing: homogenizing nickel sulfide at 260 ℃ for 3h, removing defective products and reducing the operation self-destruction rate;

s7, cementing and maintaining: cementing the obtained glass piece with an iron cap and a steel pin by using a cementing agent, wherein the cementing agent comprises high-strength cement, quartz sand and water (the ratio of water to sand to cement is 3: 1: 0.86), the cementing adopts a vibration cementing machine, a vibration source is a pneumatic vibration source, the amplitude is 0.2mm, and the vibration frequency is 11000 times/min; curing, namely performing steam curing at 35-37 ℃ for 6 hours, and then performing water curing at 40-42 ℃ for 15 hours to obtain the extra-high voltage glass insulator;

and S8, detecting the cured glass insulator, and packaging qualified products for storage.

Example 2

A preparation method of an extra-high voltage glass insulator comprises the following steps:

s1, batching: feeding the raw materials and cullet into a mixing device according to the formula amount, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture, wherein the adding amount of the cullet is 30%, the uniformity of the mixture is controlled to be more than or equal to 96%, and the water content is controlled to be 2.5-3.5 wt%, and then feeding the mixture into a kiln bin;

s2, melting: adopting a total oxygen combustion technology, namely using oxygen with the purity of more than or equal to 98.5% to support combustion, controlling the temperature of the top of the kiln to be 1518 +/-1 ℃, the temperature of the bottom of the kiln to be 1248 +/-1 ℃ and the kiln pressure to be 0-5 Pa, and melting the mixture to obtain glass liquid;

s3, press forming: discharging the molten glass through the totally-closed feeding channel, and arranging a circulating water cooling or air cooling heat conduction device at the starting point of the feeding channel to reduce the temperature of the molten glass to 1077-1078 ℃, so as to control the temperature difference of the molten glass in the whole feeding channel to be less than or equal to 3 ℃; forming a gob through a feeder after discharging the molten glass, heating the gob to be dropped, dropping the gob into a lower die, and heating the gob in the lower die again, wherein the temperature of the gob is 1075-1076 ℃; pressing down the upper die, performing pressure forming on the gob to obtain a glass piece, starting a cooling system in a pressure forming machine after the pressing is finished to cool the glass piece, and then lifting up the upper die and demolding;

s4, tempering at uniform temperature: then transferring the obtained glass piece to a preheated bowl in a temperature equalizing zone, preheating the glass piece, and then sending the glass piece into a temperature equalizing furnace for temperature equalizing treatment, wherein the temperature of the temperature equalizing treatment is 770 ℃, and the treatment time is 2 min; the upper air grid of the tempering machine is telescopic, the upper air pressure of the tempering machine is controlled to be 0.12-0.13 MPa, the lower air pressure of the tempering machine is controlled to be 0.07-0.08 MPa, the glass piece is quenched, and a pressure stress layer is formed on the surface of the glass piece, so that tempering is performed;

s5, cold and hot impact: carrying out thermal shock and cold shock on the toughened glass piece, wherein the thermal shock temperature difference is more than or equal to 350 ℃, the cold shock temperature difference is more than or equal to 100 ℃, and the qualified product enters the next step;

s6, homogenizing: homogenizing nickel sulfide at 300 deg.C for 2h, removing defective products, and reducing self-destruction rate;

s7, cementing and maintaining: cementing the obtained glass piece with an iron cap and a steel pin by using a cementing agent, wherein the cementing agent comprises high-strength cement, quartz sand and water (the ratio of water to sand to cement is 3: 1: 0.86), the cementing adopts a vibration cementing machine, a vibration source is a pneumatic vibration source, the amplitude is 0.35mm, and the vibration frequency is 9000 times/min; curing, namely performing steam curing at 48-50 ℃ for 3h, and then performing water curing at 79-80 ℃ for 10h to obtain the extra-high voltage glass insulator;

and S8, detecting the cured glass insulator, and packaging qualified products for storage.

Example 3

A preparation method of an extra-high voltage glass insulator comprises the following steps:

s1, batching: feeding the raw materials and cullet into a mixing device according to the formula amount, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture, wherein the adding amount of the cullet is 26%, the uniformity of the mixture is controlled to be more than or equal to 98%, and the water content is controlled to be 2-4 wt%, and then feeding the mixture into a kiln bin;

s2, melting: adopting a total oxygen combustion technology, namely using oxygen with the purity of more than or equal to 99.5% to support combustion, controlling the temperature of the top of the kiln to be 1470 +/-1 ℃, the temperature of the bottom of the kiln to be 1220 +/-1 ℃ and the kiln pressure to be 5-8 Pa, and melting the mixture to obtain molten glass;

s3, press forming: discharging the molten glass through a fully-closed feeding channel, and arranging a circulating water cooling or air cooling heat conduction device at the starting point of the feeding channel to reduce the temperature of the molten glass to 1050-1052 ℃, so that the temperature difference of the molten glass in the whole feeding channel is controlled to be less than or equal to 2 ℃; forming a gob through a feeder after discharging the molten glass, heating the gob to be dropped, dropping the gob into a lower die, and heating the gob in the lower die again, wherein the temperature of the gob is 1048-; pressing down the upper die, performing pressure forming on the gob to obtain a glass piece, starting a cooling system in a pressure forming machine after the pressing is finished to cool the glass piece, and then lifting up the upper die and demolding;

s4, tempering at uniform temperature: then transferring the obtained glass piece to a preheated bowl in a temperature equalizing zone, preheating the glass piece, and then sending the glass piece into a temperature equalizing furnace for temperature equalizing treatment, wherein the temperature of the temperature equalizing treatment is 720 ℃, and the treatment time is 2 min; the upper air grid of the tempering machine is telescopic, the upper air pressure of the tempering machine is controlled to be 0.09-0.12 MPa, the lower air pressure of the tempering machine is controlled to be 0.05-0.06 MPa, the glass piece is quenched, and a pressure stress layer is formed on the surface of the glass piece, so that tempering is performed;

s5, cold and hot impact: carrying out thermal shock and cold shock on the toughened glass piece, wherein the thermal shock temperature difference is more than or equal to 350 ℃, the cold shock temperature difference is more than or equal to 100 ℃, and the qualified product enters the next step;

s6, homogenizing: homogenizing nickel sulfide at 280 ℃ for 3h, removing defective products and reducing the operation self-destruction rate;

s7, cementing and maintaining: cementing the obtained glass piece with an iron cap and a steel pin by using a cementing agent, wherein the cementing agent comprises high-strength cement, quartz sand and water (the mass ratio of the water to the sand to the cement is 3: 1: 0.86), the cementing adopts a vibration cementing machine, a vibration source is a pneumatic vibration source, the amplitude is 0.25mm, and the vibration frequency is 10000 times/min; curing, namely curing for 4 hours at 45 ℃ by using steam, and then curing for 12 hours by using water at 65 ℃ to obtain the extra-high voltage glass insulator;

and S8, detecting the cured glass insulator, and packaging qualified products for storage.

Example 4

A preparation method of an extra-high voltage glass insulator comprises the following steps:

s1, batching: feeding the raw materials and cullet into a mixing device according to the formula amount, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture, wherein the adding amount of the cullet is 28%, the uniformity of the mixture is controlled to be more than or equal to 97.5%, and the water content is controlled to be 3.2-3.7 wt%, and then feeding the mixture into a kiln bin;

s2, melting: adopting a total oxygen combustion technology, namely using oxygen with the purity of more than or equal to 98% to support combustion, controlling the temperature at the top of the kiln to be 1500 +/-2 ℃, the temperature at the bottom of the kiln to be 1200 +/-2 ℃ and the kiln pressure to be 0-12 Pa, and melting the mixture to obtain molten glass;

s3, press forming: discharging the molten glass through a fully-closed feeding channel, and arranging a circulating water cooling or air cooling heat conduction device at the starting point of the feeding channel to reduce the temperature of the molten glass to 1065 +/-1 ℃, so that the temperature difference of the molten glass in the whole feeding channel is controlled to be less than or equal to 4 ℃; forming a gob through a feeder after discharging the molten glass, heating the gob to be dropped, dropping the gob into a lower die, and heating the gob in the lower die again, wherein the temperature of the gob is 1060 +/-1 ℃; pressing down the upper die, performing pressure forming on the gob to obtain a glass piece, starting a cooling system in a pressure forming machine after the pressing is finished to cool the glass piece, and then lifting up the upper die and demolding;

s4, tempering at uniform temperature: then transferring the obtained glass piece to a preheated bowl in a temperature equalizing zone, preheating the glass piece, and then sending the glass piece into a temperature equalizing furnace for temperature equalizing treatment, wherein the temperature of the temperature equalizing treatment is 680 ℃, and the treatment time is 3 min; the upper air grid of the toughening machine is telescopic, the upper air pressure of the toughening machine is controlled to be 0.09-0.10 MPa, the lower air pressure of the toughening machine is controlled to be 0.06-0.08 MPa, the glass piece is quenched, and a pressure stress layer is formed on the surface of the glass piece, so that the glass piece is toughened;

s5, cold and hot impact: carrying out thermal shock and cold shock on the toughened glass piece, wherein the thermal shock temperature difference is more than or equal to 350 ℃, the cold shock temperature difference is more than or equal to 100 ℃, and the qualified product enters the next step;

s6, homogenizing: homogenizing nickel sulfide at 270 deg.C for 4h, removing defective products, and reducing self-destruction rate;

s7, cementing and maintaining: cementing the obtained glass piece with an iron cap and a steel pin by using a cementing agent, wherein the cementing agent comprises high-strength cement, quartz sand and water (the mass ratio of the water to the sand to the cement is 3: 1: 0.86), the cementing adopts a vibration cementing machine, a vibration source is a pneumatic vibration source, the amplitude is 0.32mm, and the vibration frequency is 9500 times/min; maintaining for 6h by steam at 40 +/-1 ℃ and 13h by water at 70 +/-1 ℃ to obtain the extra-high voltage glass insulator;

and S8, detecting the cured glass insulator, and packaging qualified products for storage.

Example 5

A preparation method of an extra-high voltage glass insulator comprises the following steps:

s1, batching: feeding the raw materials and cullet into a mixing device according to the formula amount, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture, wherein the adding amount of the cullet is 25%, the uniformity of the mixture is controlled to be more than or equal to 97%, and the water content is controlled to be 2.8-3.2 wt%, and then feeding the mixture into a kiln bin;

s2, melting: adopting a total oxygen combustion technology, namely using oxygen with the purity of more than or equal to 99% to support combustion, controlling the temperature at the top of the kiln to be 1450 +/-1 ℃, the temperature at the bottom of the kiln to be 1200 +/-1 ℃ and the kiln pressure to be 0-6 Pa, and melting the mixture to obtain molten glass;

s3, press forming: discharging the molten glass through a fully-closed feeding channel, and arranging a circulating water cooling or air cooling heat conduction device at the starting point of the feeding channel to reduce the temperature of the molten glass to 1060 +/-1 ℃, so that the temperature difference of the molten glass in the whole feeding channel is controlled to be less than or equal to 3 ℃; forming a gob through a feeder after discharging the molten glass, heating the gob to be dropped, dropping the gob into a lower die, and heating the gob in the lower die again, wherein the temperature of the gob is 1058 +/-1 ℃; pressing down the upper die, performing pressure forming on the gob to obtain a glass piece, starting a cooling system in a pressure forming machine after the pressing is finished to cool the glass piece, and then lifting up the upper die and demolding;

s4, tempering at uniform temperature: then transferring the obtained glass piece to a preheated bowl in a temperature equalizing zone, preheating the glass piece, and then sending the glass piece into a temperature equalizing furnace for temperature equalizing treatment, wherein the temperature of the temperature equalizing treatment is 730 ℃, and the treatment time is 3 min; the upper air grid of the tempering machine is telescopic, the upper air pressure of the tempering machine is controlled to be 0.1-0.12 MPa, the lower air pressure of the tempering machine is controlled to be 0.05-0.06 MPa, the glass piece is quenched, and a pressure stress layer is formed on the surface of the glass piece, so that tempering is performed;

s5, cold and hot impact: carrying out thermal shock and cold shock on the toughened glass piece, wherein the thermal shock temperature difference is more than or equal to 350 ℃, the cold shock temperature difference is more than or equal to 100 ℃, and the qualified product enters the next step;

s6, homogenizing: homogenizing nickel sulfide at 290 ℃ for 3h, removing defective products and reducing the operation self-destruction rate;

s7, cementing and maintaining: cementing the obtained glass piece with an iron cap and a steel pin by using a cementing agent, wherein the cementing agent comprises high-strength cement, quartz sand and water (the mass ratio of the water to the sand to the cement is 3: 1: 0.86), the cementing adopts a vibration cementing machine, a vibration source is a pneumatic vibration source, the amplitude is 0.3mm, and the vibration frequency is 10000 times/min; curing, namely curing for 5 hours at 40 ℃ by using steam, and then curing for 12 hours by using water at 60 ℃ to obtain the extra-high voltage glass insulator;

and S8, detecting the cured glass insulator, and packaging qualified products for storage.

Comparative example 1

The production is carried out by adopting a traditional mould structure, and the rest is the same as the embodiment 1, and the mould structure is as the 'insulator mould with a heat dissipation mechanism arranged inside' with the patent number of 201711330155.1.

Comparative example 2

Melting by adopting a gas heat accumulating type glass kiln, and discharging after cooling the molten glass in a skylight type, and the rest is the same as the comparative example 1.

The T30M glass insulators obtained in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-2 were tested for performance and the results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the dry arc distance of the glass insulator obtained by the invention is more than 1060mm, and the spontaneous explosion rate is 0.08-0.09 per mill; compared with comparative examples 1 and 2, the invention has better electromechanical performance, improves the cooling system of the forming die and the melting and cooling modes, effectively improves the product self-explosion rate, and can greatly improve the dry arc distance by the cooling system of the forming die.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.