阅读说明：本技术 用于减少蜂窝系统中的功率损耗的方法和设备 (Method and apparatus for reducing power loss in a cellular system ) 是由 J·T·汉里 C·J·曼恩 于 2020-04-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本公开的各方面提供了用于向用于电信中的一个或多个远程无线电头提供电力的系统和装置。一些方面提供了一种电源系统,所述电源系统包括第一电源和被配置成安装在机架架子中的多个第二电源。所述多个第二电源中的每一个被配置成从所述第一电源接收第一电力信号,并且向多个远程无线电头中的相应的远程无线电头提供第二电力信号,并且所述多个第二电源中的每一个的至少第一输入件可组合在一起。(Aspects of the present disclosure provide systems and apparatus for providing power to one or more remote radio heads for use in telecommunications. Some aspects provide a power supply system that includes a first power supply and a plurality of second power supplies configured to be mounted in rack shelves. Each of the plurality of second power sources is configured to receive a first power signal from the first power source and provide a second power signal to a respective remote radio head of a plurality of remote radio heads, and at least the first input member of each of the plurality of second power sources may be combined together.)

1. A power supply system comprising:

a first power supply;

a plurality of second power sources configured to be mounted in a rack shelf, wherein each of the plurality of second power sources is configured to receive a first power signal from the first power source and provide a second power signal to a respective remote radio head of a plurality of remote radio heads, and wherein at least a first input of each of the plurality of second power sources is combined together.

2. The power system of claim 1, wherein the one or more second power sources comprises a plurality of second power sources, the power system further comprising a module having a housing, the module comprising the second power source, wherein the module is configured to be mounted in a rack.

3. The power system of claim 2, wherein the module further comprises a plurality of output breakers, wherein one of the plurality of output breakers is electrically coupled between each second power source and a respective remote radio head.

4. The power supply system of claim 3, wherein the output circuit breakers are each controlled by a respective toggle switch or switch located on a front panel of the rack shelf.

5. The power supply system of claim 3, wherein the output breaker is controlled by a controller configured to receive input via an input located on a front panel of the rack shelf.

6. The power supply system of any of claims 1-5, wherein at least the first input of each of the plurality of second power supplies are grouped together by a removable wand, and wherein removing the wand causes each of the second power supplies to be independently electrically coupled to the first power supply.

7. A power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein each second power supply comprises a surge protection device or an overvoltage protection device.

8. The power supply system of claim 7, wherein each surge protection device or overvoltage protection device protects components within the respective second power supply from overvoltages on outputs from the second power supply.

9. The power supply system of any of claims 1-5, wherein the at least first input is disposed on a front surface of a panel on the rack shelf.

10. The power supply system of claim 9, wherein an output from each second power supply is disposed on a front surface of a panel on the rack shelf.

11. The power supply system of any of claims 1-5, wherein each of the plurality of second power supplies is configured to adjust a voltage level of the second power signal such that a voltage at a radio end of a cabled connection between the second power supply and a respective remote radio head is substantially constant despite variations in a current level of the second power signal.

12. The power supply system of any of claims 1-5, wherein the first power signal is the same as the second power signal.

13. The power supply system of any of claims 1-5, further comprising an input breaker electrically coupled between the first power source and the plurality of second power sources.

14. The power supply system of any of claims 1-5, wherein the first power supply is mounted at a first location in a rack, wherein the rack shelf is mounted at a second location in the rack below the first location, and wherein the plurality of second power supplies are electrically coupled to the first power supply via a bus bar or bus bar extension.

15. A telecommunications system comprising any of the power supply systems of claims 1-14 and the plurality of remote radio heads.

16. A telecommunications system, comprising:

a plurality of remote radio heads;

a first power supply; and

a plurality of second power sources configured to be mounted in a rack shelf, wherein each of the plurality of second power sources is configured to receive a first power signal from the first power source and provide a second power signal to a respective remote radio head of the plurality of remote radio heads, and wherein at least a first input of each of the plurality of second power sources is combined together.

17. The telecommunications system of claim 16, further comprising a plurality of output breakers, wherein each output breaker is electrically coupled between a respective second power source of the plurality of second power sources and a respective remote radio head.

18. The telecommunications system of claim 17, wherein the output circuit breakers are each controlled by a respective toggle switch or switch located on a front panel of the rack shelf.

19. A power supply system comprising:

a first power supply;

a plurality of second power sources configured to be mounted in a rack shelf, wherein each of the plurality of second power sources is configured to receive a first power signal from the first power source and provide a second power signal to a respective remote radio head of a plurality of remote radio heads; and

a removable bar configured to combine the input pieces of each of the plurality of second power sources.

20. The power supply system of claim 19, wherein the input of each of the plurality of second power supplies is disposed on a front surface of a panel on the rack shelf.

21. The power supply system of claim 20, wherein an output from each second power supply is also provided on a front surface of a panel of the rack shelf.

Technical Field

Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to cellular communication systems, and more particularly to cellular communication power supply systems.

Background

A cellular base station typically comprises, inter alia, a radio, a baseband unit and one or more antennas. The radio receives digital information and control signals from the baseband unit and modulates the information into a radio frequency ("RF") signal, which is transmitted through an antenna. The radio also receives RF signals from the antenna and demodulates and supplies these signals to the baseband unit. The baseband unit processes the demodulated signal received from the radio into a format suitable for transmission over the backhaul communication system. The baseband unit also processes signals received from the backhaul communication system and supplies the processed signals to the radio. A power supply that generates a suitable direct current ("DC") power signal may also be provided for powering the baseband unit and the radio. For example, the radio is typically powered by a (nominal) 48 volt DC power supply in the cellular system currently in use. Typically, this is provided as a negative supply voltage (e.g., -48VDC) and a ground (e.g., 0V) return voltage. A battery backup is also typically provided to maintain service for a limited period of time during a power outage.

To improve coverage and signal quality, the antennas in many cellular base stations are located at the top of an antenna tower, which may be, for example, about fifty to two hundred feet tall. Antennas are also routinely mounted on other elevated structures such as buildings, utility poles, and the like. Until recently, power supplies, baseband units, and radios have been located in equipment enclosures at the bottom of antenna towers or other elevated structures for ease of maintenance, repair, and/or subsequent upgrading of the equipment. Coaxial cables are routed from the equipment enclosure to the top of the antenna tower and are used to carry RF signals between the radio and the antenna. However, changes have occurred in recent years, with radios now being more commonly located at the top of towers in new or upgraded cellular installations. The radio located at the top of the tower is commonly referred to as a remote radio head ("RRH").

The use of a remote radio head can significantly improve the quality of cellular data signals transmitted and received by a cellular base station, since the use of a remote radio head can reduce signal transmission losses and noise. In particular, since coaxial cables connecting radios located at the base of an antenna tower to antennas mounted near the top of the antenna tower may have lengths of 100-200 feet or more, signal losses that occur when transmitting signals over these coaxial cables at cellular frequencies (e.g., 1.8GHz, 3.0GHz, etc.) may be significant because the coaxial cables tend to radiate RF signal energy at these frequencies. Due to this loss of signal power, the signal-to-noise ratio of RF signals may be degraded in systems where the radio is located at the bottom of the antenna tower compared to cellular base stations where the remote radio head is located at the top of the tower near the antenna (note that the signal loss in the cable connection between the baseband unit at the bottom of the tower and the remote radio head at the top of the tower may be less, since these signals are transmitted at baseband or intermediate frequencies rather than RF frequencies, and since these signals may be transmitted over a fiber optic cable onto the antenna tower, this may show lower losses).

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a cellular base station 10' utilizing a remote radio head. As shown in fig. 1, the baseband unit 22 and power supply 26 may be located in the equipment enclosure 20 at the bottom of the tower 30. The baseband unit 22 may communicate with a backhaul communication system 44. The remote radio head 24 is located at the top of the tower 30, next to the antenna 32 (which may be a sectorized antenna). While the use of tower-mounted remote radio heads 24 may improve signal quality, it unfortunately also requires DC power to be delivered to the top of the tower 30 to power the remote radio heads 24'. As shown in fig. 1, typically a fiber optic cable 38 connects the baseband unit 22 to the remote radio head 24 (as fiber optic links may provide greater bandwidth and lower transmission loss), and a separate or combined ("composite") power cable 36 is provided for transmitting the DC power signal to the remote radio head 24. The individual power cables 36 are typically bundled with fiber optic cables 38 so that they may be routed together up to the tower 30 in a hybrid fiber/power trunk cable 40, although in some embodiments the power cables 36 and fiber optic cables 38 may be routed separately up to the tower 30. The trunk cable 40 typically has a connection enclosure on either end thereof, and a first set of data and power jumper cables is used to connect the connection enclosure on the ground end of the trunk cable 40 to the baseband unit 22 and the power supply 26, and a second set of data and power (or combined data/power) jumper cables is used to connect the connection enclosure at the top of the tower 30 to the remote radio head 24.

Another change that has occurred in the mobile phone industry is the rapid increase in the number of users, and the dramatic increase in the amount of voice and data traffic that a typical user transmits and receives. In response to this change, the number of remote radio heads 24 and antennas 32 installed on a typical antenna tower 30 has also increased, with twelve remote radio heads 24 and twelve or more antennas 32 being common configurations today. In addition, higher power remote radio heads 24 are also used. These variations can result in increased weight and wind load of the antenna tower 30, as well as requiring larger, more expensive main cables 40 and/or power cables 36.

Disclosure of Invention

Some aspects of the present disclosure provide a power supply system. The power supply system may include a first power supply; and may include a plurality of second power supplies configured to be mounted in the rack shelf. Each of the plurality of second power sources may be configured to receive a first power signal from the first power source and provide a second power signal to a respective remote radio head of a plurality of remote radio heads. At least the first input of each of the plurality of second power sources may be combined together.

In some aspects, the one or more second power sources may include a plurality of second power sources, and the power system may include a module having a housing, the module including the second power sources. The module may be configured to be mounted in a rack. In some aspects, the module may include a plurality of output breakers, wherein one of the plurality of output breakers is electrically coupled between each second power source and a respective remote radio head. The output circuit breaker may be controlled by a controller configured to receive input via an input located on a front panel of the rack shelf.

In some aspects, the first inputs of each of the plurality of second power sources may be grouped together by a removable wand, and wherein removing the wand causes each of the second power sources to be independently electrically coupled to the first power source.

In some aspects, each second power source may include a surge protection device or an overvoltage protection device. Each surge protection device or overvoltage protection device may be configured to protect components within the respective second power supply from overvoltages on outputs from the second power supply.

In some aspects, at least the first input of each of the plurality of second power supplies may be disposed on a front surface of a panel on the rack shelf. In some aspects, an output from each of the plurality of second power sources may be disposed on a front surface of a panel on the rack shelf.

In some aspects, the first power signal may be the same as the second power signal.

In some aspects, each of the plurality of second power sources may be configured to adjust a voltage level of the second power signal such that a voltage at a radio end of a cabled connection between the second power source and a respective remote radio head is substantially constant despite variations in a current level of the second power signal.

In some aspects, the power supply system may include an input circuit breaker electrically coupled between the first power source and the plurality of second power sources.

In some aspects, the first power source may be mounted at a first location in a rack, and the rack shelf may be mounted at a second location in the rack below the first location. The plurality of second power sources may be electrically coupled to the first power source via a bus bar or a bus bar extension.

Some aspects of the present disclosure provide a telecommunications system that includes a plurality of remote radio heads and a power supply system. The power supply system may include a first power supply and may include a plurality of second power supplies configured to be mounted in rack shelves. Each of the plurality of second power sources may be configured to receive a first power signal from the first power source and provide a second power signal to a respective remote radio head of the plurality of remote radio heads. At least the first input of each of the plurality of second power sources may be combined together.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a simplified schematic diagram of a cellular base station architecture utilizing one or more remote radio heads and a conventional power system.

Fig. 2 is a simplified schematic diagram of a cellular base station architecture utilizing one or more remote radio heads and a power supply system that reduces power losses associated with transmitting power signals to the remote radio heads.

Fig. 3A, 3B and 3C are perspective front, rear and simplified block diagrams, respectively, of some components of the power supply system of fig. 2, according to an example embodiment.

Fig. 4A, 4B and 4C are perspective front, rear and simplified block diagrams, respectively, of some components of the power supply system of fig. 2, according to an example embodiment.

Fig. 5A and 5B illustrate front views of one rack shelf and three rack shelves, respectively, of some components of the power supply system of fig. 2, according to an example embodiment.

Fig. 6 is a simplified block diagram of components within the rack shelf of fig. 5A or 5B according to an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 7 is a simplified block diagram of components within the rack shelf of fig. 5A or 5B according to an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 8 is a simplified block diagram of components within the rack shelf of fig. 5A or 5B according to an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 9 is a simplified block diagram of components within the rack shelf of fig. 5A or 5B according to an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 10 is a simplified block diagram of components within the rack shelf of fig. 5A or 5B according to an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 11 illustrates a front view of an arrangement of components of the power supply system of fig. 2, according to an example embodiment.

Detailed Description

Methods, systems, and apparatus having an improved power supply circuit that allows for a reduction in power losses associated with transmitting a DC power signal from a power supply at the base of a tower of a cellular base station to a remote radio head at the top of the tower are of value to operators of telecommunications equipment. Since cellular towers may be hundreds of feet tall and the voltage and current required to power each remote radio head may be quite high (e.g., about 50 volts at about 20 amps), the power loss that may occur along hundreds of feet of cabling may be significant, and reducing such power loss may result in significant power savings, thereby reducing the cost of operating a cellular base station. In addition, because cellular base stations with improved power supply circuits may use less power, such cellular base stations may require less battery backup while maintaining operation for the same period of time during a power outage. This reduction in the number of backup batteries can provide significant additional cost savings.

Fig. 2 is a simplified schematic diagram of a cellular base station 10 utilizing one or more remote radio heads and a power supply system that reduces power losses associated with transmitting power signals to the remote radio heads. As shown in fig. 2, the cellular base station 10 includes an equipment enclosure 20 and a tower 30. The tower 30 may be a conventional antenna or cellular tower, or may be another structure such as a utility pole or the like. The baseband unit 22, the first power supply 26, and the second power supply 28 are located within the equipment enclosure 20. The RRH24 and a plurality of antennas 32 (e.g., three sectorized antennas 32-1, 32-2, 32-3) are mounted on the tower 30, typically near the top of the tower.

The RRHs 24 receive digital information and control signals from the baseband unit 22 through fiber optic cables 38 routed from the enclosure 20 to the top of the tower 30. The RRHs 24 modulate this information into radio frequency ("RF") signals of the appropriate cellular frequency, which are then transmitted via one or more of the antennas 32. The RRH24 also receives RF signals from one or more of the antennas 32, demodulates the signals, and supplies the demodulated signals to the baseband unit 22 through the fiber optic cable 38. The baseband unit 22 processes the demodulated signals received from the RRHs 24 and forwards the processed signals to the backhaul communication system 44. The baseband unit 22 also processes and supplies signals received from the backhaul communication system 44 to the RRH 24. In general, the baseband unit 22 and the RRH24 each include an optical-to-electrical converter and an electrical-to-optical converter that couple digital information and control signals to and from the fiber optic cable 38.

The first power supply 26 generates one or more direct current ("DC") power signals. For example, first power source 26 may generate one or more DC power signals from an ac input signal and/or from one or more batteries. The second power supply 28 in the cellular base station 10 of fig. 2 may include a DC-DC converter that accepts as input the DC power signal output by the first power supply 26 and outputs a DC power signal having a different voltage. The power cable 36 may be connected to the output of the second power source 28 and bundled with the fiber optic cable 38 so that the two cables 36, 38 may be routed up to the tower 30 as an integral unit. Although the first power supply 26 and the second power supply 28 are shown as separate power supply units in the cellular base station 10 of fig. 2, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments, the two power supplies 26, 28 may be combined into a single power supply unit.

The RRHs of the prior art are most typically designed to be powered by a 48 volt (nominal) DC power signal. This is typically supplied as a negative voltage, i.e., -48VDC voltage, through the supply conductor, with the return conductor at ground or 0V. Typical values are 38 volts minimum DC power signal voltage and 56 volts maximum DC power signal voltage, although the minimum DC power signal voltage at which the RRH24 will operate and the maximum DC power signal voltage that can be safely provided to the RRH24 without threatening damage to the RRH24 are different. Accordingly, the programmable power supply 28 may be designed to deliver a DC power signal having a relatively constant voltage that exceeds the nominal voltage, for example, about 54 or 52 volts at the distal end of the power cable 36 (i.e., about 2-4 volts less than the maximum DC power signal voltage of the RRH 24), in order to reduce power losses associated with the voltage drop experienced by the DC power signal across the power cable 36.

The second power source 28 may be configured to transmit the power signal to the remote RRHs with reduced power loss. For example, the power supply 28 may include a programmable power supply that receives an input DC power signal from the power supply 26 and outputs the DC power signal to the power cable 36. The voltage of the DC power signal output by the power supply 28 may vary in response to variations in the current of the DC power signal drawn by the RRH24 from the power supply 28. In particular, the voltage of the DC power signal output by the power supply 28 may be set such that the voltage of the DC power signal at the distal end of the power cable 36 (i.e., the end adjacent the RRH 24) is relatively constant. If the voltage of the DC power signal at the distal end of the power cable 36 is set to approximately the maximum specified voltage of the power signal of the RRH24, the power losses associated with supplying the DC power signal to the RRH24 through the power cable 36 may be reduced, as a higher DC power signal voltage will correspondingly lower the current of the DC power signal supplied through the power cable 36.

Further details of providing a DC power signal voltage that is variable in response to changes in the current of the DC power signal drawn by the RRH24 from the power source 28 are provided in U.S. patent application nos. 14/321,897 and 14/701,904, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Fig. 3A, 3B and 3C are perspective front, rear and simplified block diagrams, respectively, of some components of the power supply system of fig. 2, according to an example embodiment. As best seen in fig. 3A, the rack shelf 52 may include openings therein, each configured to receive one of the plurality of modules 50 (e.g., modules 50-1, 50-2, 50-3, or 50-4). The rack shelf 52 and the modules received therein may be one rack unit (1U, about 1.75 inches) high, and the length and width of the rack shelf 52 may be sized to be received in a standard frame within an electrical enclosure (e.g., enclosure 20 of fig. 2). As best seen in the simplified block diagram 70 of fig. 3C, each module 50 (e.g., module 50-1 of fig. 3C) may include a housing and one or more second power circuits 128 (i.e., second power circuit 128-1, second power circuit 128-2) therein. Each of the second power supply circuits 128 may implement the second power supply 28 of fig. 2. Each of the one or more second power circuits 128 is electrically coupled to the first power source 26 via a first input 121 of the power circuit 128 via an uncombined (or independent) power connection 61 and to the return connection 62 via a second input 121 of the power circuit 128. Each of the one or more second power circuits 128 is electrically coupled to a respective remote radio head 24 (i.e., remote radio head 24-1, remote radio head 24-2) via a cable connection 63 that is terminated at the first and second outputs 122 from the power circuits 128. As best seen in fig. 3B, each second power circuit 128 may have a first pair of inputs 121 and a first pair of outputs 122 on the rear of the rack shelf 52. As seen in fig. 3C, in some embodiments, there may be three second power circuits 128 within the housing of each module 50, although example embodiments are not limited thereto. Thus, in the example of fig. 3A-C, there may be three pairs of inputs (i.e., six input connections) and three pairs of outputs (i.e., six output connections) for each module 50. For a total of four module rack shelves shown in fig. 3A-C, there may be forty-eight power connections because four modules each have three second power circuits 128, and each second power circuit 128 has two inputs and two outputs (4 x 3 (2+2) ═ 48). Each input and each output may have individual cables or cable connections terminated at the input or output such that at least forty-eight cables terminate at the rack shelf 52. The power connection 61 of each second power circuit 128 may include a respective circuit breaker 160 (i.e., circuit breaker 160-1, circuit breaker 160-2) that may be in a separate rack-mounted electrical box 60, adding additional cable routing within the enclosure 20. Additional cabling may be included to communicate with modules 50 mounted in rack shelves 52 via communications sections 54 (see fig. 3B), which may include alarm contacts and/or one or more communications ports.

Fig. 4A, 4B and 4C are perspective front, rear and simplified block diagrams, respectively, of some components of the power supply system of fig. 2, according to an example embodiment. Fig. 4A shows a three rack unit (3RU) rack shelf 52' configured to receive one or more primary modules 50 and one or more backup modules 55. As shown in fig. 4A, a maximum of six primary modules 50 may be included, and a maximum of six spare modules 55 may be included. Each of the main modules 50 may include two second power main circuits 131 (e.g., a first second power main circuit 131-1, a second power main circuit 131-2), and each of the standby modules 55 may include two second power standby circuits 132 (e.g., a first second power standby circuit 132-1, a second power standby circuit 132-2). Each of the second power main circuit 131 and the second power backup circuit 132 may implement the second power supply 28 of fig. 2, and the second power backup circuit 132 may be provided for redundancy purposes. Thus, as best seen in block diagram 70' of fig. 4C, each module 50 may provide primary power to first and second remote radio heads 24, and each backup module 55 may provide backup power to the same first and second remote radio heads 24. As in the example of fig. 3A-3C, and as seen in fig. 4C, each of the second power main circuit 131 and the second power backup circuit 132 may have two inputs (the supply input 61 and the return input 62) from the first power source 26, and may provide two outputs of the remote radio head 24. Because each second power main circuit 131 has a corresponding second power backup circuit 132 for redundancy, the power inputs of the second power main circuit 131 and its corresponding second power backup circuit 132 may be combined together, for example, using two hole tabs, and the return inputs, power outputs, and return outputs may be similarly joined. Even with such a combination, about forty-eight cable connections are made in the rear of the rack shelf 52'. In some embodiments, the power connection of each secondary power main circuit 131 and/or each secondary power backup circuit 132 may include a respective circuit breaker 160 (i.e., circuit breaker 160-1, circuit breaker 160-2), which may be in a separate switchbox 60. Additional cabling may be included to communicate with modules 50 mounted in rack shelves 52' via communications sections 56, which may include alarm contacts, controllers, and/or one or more communications ports.

It should be appreciated that the systems and block diagrams of fig. 3A-3C and 4A-4C may require a significant amount of cabling requirements. It is also recognized that space within an electrical enclosure (e.g., enclosure 20 of fig. 2) is at a premium as additional components may need to be positioned within enclosure 20 to provide improved reliability, throughput, or features in communications handled by the cell site. Furthermore, in some enclosures 20, access to locations within the enclosure 20 may be limited, thereby increasing the difficulty of installing and subsequently adjusting the rack shelf of fig. 3A and 4A and the modules therein.

Fig. 5A and 5B illustrate front views of one rack shelf and three rack shelves, respectively, of certain components of the power supply system of fig. 2, according to an example embodiment. In fig. 5A, power supply component 110 may include one or more power supply modules 150, which may each include one or more second power supply circuits (not shown in fig. 5A) that implement second power supply 28 of fig. 2. In the example of fig. 5A, two power supply modules 150 are shown, and each power supply module 150 includes two second power supply circuits. The resulting four second power supply circuits respectively power the four RRHs 24 (not shown in fig. 5A). The power inputs of the power circuits of the power supply section 110 may be combined together and the return inputs of the power circuits of the power supply section 110 may also be combined together. Thus, the power supply unit 110 may have only two inputs 155-1, a power supply input and a return input. Each power circuit may have two outputs 171 (a power output and a return output), and thus eight outputs are provided in the example of fig. 5A. The input 155-1 and output 171 are accessible from the front side of the rack shelf 152 into which the power module 150 is mountable.

The power module 150 may be controlled via a controller 210, which may be an edge controller in some embodiments. Further, an output toggle switch (not shown in fig. 5A) may be in-line (i.e., electrically in series) with each power output of each power circuit and within the power module 150, which may be controlled by the controller 210 and/or by a separate hardware input control 161. There may be a plurality of input controls 161, each of which controls an output toggle switch. For example, the first input control 161-1 may control an output toggle switch coupled to a first second power circuit within the power module 150-1. A status indicator or light emitting diode 173 may be present to visually indicate the connection status of each output 171 within the power supply section 110.

FIG. 5B illustrates a power supply component 110' in which three single unit rack shelves 152, 153-1, and 153-4 may be present in the power supply system. In some embodiments, instead of three single unit rack shelves, one three unit rack shelf may be used, or a two unit rack shelf with single unit rack shelves may be used. The first rack shelf 152 of fig. 5B may be similar to the rack shelf 152 of fig. 5A. The second rack shelf 153-1 and the third rack shelf 153-2 may also be similar to the rack shelf 152 of fig. 5A, except that the controller 210 may be omitted from the second rack shelf 153-1 and the third rack shelf 153-2, and instead may include a blank panel 220 and/or a panel 220 that includes input controls 161 similar to those described above. A bus or communication link 165 may be present and may allow control of the modules 150 mounted within the second rack shelf 153-1 and/or the third rack shelf 153-2 by the controller 210 in the first rack shelf 152. The number of racks, rack shelves, modules, inputs, and outputs are examples, and any number of racks, rack shelves, modules, inputs, and/or outputs may be present within a power supply system according to the present disclosure, and is within the scope of the present disclosure. Further, while all of the inputs and all of the outputs are shown on the front surfaces of the rack shelves 152, 153-1, and 153-2, in some embodiments portions of the inputs and outputs may be located elsewhere (e.g., on the rear surfaces thereof).

Fig. 6 is a simplified block diagram 100 of certain components within the rack shelf (e.g., rack shelf 152) of fig. 5A or 5B, according to an example embodiment. In the example of FIG. 6, a first power module 150-1 is shown that includes two second power circuits 128-1 and 128-2. Also shown is a third second power supply circuit 128-3, which may be located within the housing of a different module (in the example of fig. 6), but which may be part of the first power supply module 150-1 in some embodiments. Each second power circuit 128-1, 128-2, 128-3 provides power to a respective RRH24 via a respective output 171. The output toggle switches 170 may be electrically coupled between each second power circuit 128 and the respective RRH24 powered thereby. Each output toggle switch 170 may be controlled by, for example, an input control 161 (e.g., a switch, button, etc.) on the rack shelf 152, 153-1, or 153-2. For example, each output toggle switch 170 can be implemented as a switch, FET, relay, circuit breaker, or other controlled or controllable switching device. As can be seen in FIG. 6, the power inputs of the second power circuits 128-1, 128-2, 128-3 may be combined together, as may the return inputs of the power circuits 128-1, 128-2, 128-3 of the power component 110. An input breaker 141 may be provided that is common to each of the power supply inputs of the second power supply circuits 128-1, 128-2, 128-3. Thus, the supply of power to each RRH24 or the deactivation of power to each RRH may be controlled by operating the respective output toggle switch 170, or collectively controlled by the input breaker 141. In this way, power may be removed from a portion of the RRH24, for example, to allow maintenance or operation on a portion of the cell site without completely disabling the cell site.

Fig. 7 is a simplified block diagram 100' of certain components within the rack shelf of fig. 5A or 5B according to an example embodiment. Fig. 7 is similar to fig. 6 except that the output toggle switch 170 may be controlled by the controller 210, for example, using a combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware elements. For example, the controller 210 may include a processor and a memory storing non-transitory computer readable instructions executable by the processor. Such instructions may include instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to open one or more of the output toggle switches 170 in response to an input. In some embodiments, the input may comprise user input.

Fig. 8 is a simplified block diagram of components within the rack shelf of fig. 5A or 5B according to an exemplary embodiment. Fig. 8 is similar to fig. 7 except that in the simplified block diagram 200 of fig. 8, each second power supply circuit 128 and each output toggle switch 170 is protected by a corresponding surge protection device or over-voltage protection device (SPD/OVP) 280. In some embodiments, the SPD/OVP 280 may be located within the housing of the module 250 that includes the second power supply circuit 128. In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 8, the SPD/OVP 280 may be located outside of the module 250, and may be located elsewhere within the rack shelf 52 configured to receive the module 250, elsewhere within the electrical enclosure 20, and/or elsewhere in the system of fig. 2. The aspects discussed with reference to block diagram 200 of fig. 8 are compatible with aspects of block diagram 100 of fig. 6, and both are presented separately herein for ease of description.

Fig. 9 is a simplified block diagram 300 of components within the rack shelf of fig. 5A or 5B according to an exemplary embodiment. In fig. 9, the combined nature of the power supply module 150 and/or the power input of the second power supply circuit 128 therein may be field adjustable. For example, the input breaker 141 (which may be located in a distribution box not shown in fig. 9) may be configured to provide power to the one or more second power circuits 128 via the field removable pole 390 (e.g., first pole 390-1, second pole 390-2). In some embodiments, the field removable pole 390 may be located on the exterior of the rack shelf 52 and may electrically couple the inputs of each of the second power circuits 128 together. A field technician operating or installing equipment at the cell site can remove the field removable lever 390 from the input, thereby removing the electrical coupling therebetween. Additional input breakers 342(342-1, 342-2) may be provided within the switchbox and a respective power supply input may be provided to each second power circuit 128. In some embodiments, the output breaker 170 of fig. 6 and 7 may be optional and may be omitted, as there is an input breaker 141 or 342 per second power circuit 128. However, in some embodiments, there may be the output circuit breaker 170 of fig. 6 and 7; further, in some embodiments, the output circuit breaker 170 of fig. 6 and 7 may be controlled in any of the manners discussed above, or control thereof may be disabled (e.g., by appropriately operating the controller 210). Further, in embodiments implementing block diagram 300 of fig. 9, surge protection devices and/or overvoltage protection devices, such as those discussed with reference to fig. 8, may or may not be present.

Fig. 10 is a simplified block diagram 400 of components within the rack shelf of fig. 5A or 5B according to an exemplary embodiment. In some embodiments, the dummy module 450 may be used in place of the module 150 including the second power circuit 128. The dummy module 450 may include connections (e.g., wiring) that complete the circuit between the first power supply 26 and/or the input breaker 141 and a surge protection device and/or an over-voltage protection device (SPD/OVP) 480. The output breaker 470 for each RRH24, which is similar to the output breaker 170 discussed above, may also be present within the dummy module 450. Although the SPD/OVP device 480 is shown within the chassis frame 452, it is contemplated that in some embodiments, the SPD/OVP device 480 may be located within the dummy module 450.

The dummy module 450 may be used in situations where it is not necessary to vary in response to changes in the current of the DC power signal drawn by the RRH24 from the power supply 26, such as where the cell traffic is relatively low. In this case, the operator of the cell traffic may choose to first install the dummy module 450 and then replace the dummy module 450 with the module 150 at a later time when the cell traffic increases. This module exchange may be advantageous because it may be performed without completely replacing rack shelf 52/452 into which dummy module 150 may be installed. The aspects discussed with reference to the block diagram 400 of fig. 10 are compatible with the aspects of the block diagram 100 of fig. 6 and the block diagram 100' of fig. 7 and are presented separately herein for ease of describing the various aspects of the present disclosure. Thus, in some embodiments, the dummy module 450 may be used with the controller 210 of fig. 7, or with the switch of fig. 6.

Fig. 11 illustrates a front view of an arrangement of components of the power supply system of fig. 2, according to some example embodiments. As seen in fig. 11, the power supply component 510 may include the first power supply 26, which may be several Rack Units (RUs) in height, and may include one or more components, such as a voltage transformer (not shown), a switchbox 520-1, which may include the voltage transformer and one or more rectifiers 522 (e.g., first rectifier 522-1, second rectifier 522-2). A rack shelf 552 comprising a plurality of second power modules 150 may be mounted directly below the components of the first power supply 26. Each of the components of first power supply 26 may be electrically coupled together using a bus bar (not shown in fig. 11). The bus bar may be located, for example, at the rear of a rack shelf in which components of the first power supply 26 are mounted. As shown in fig. 11, the bus bar may be extended or supplemented with one or more bus bar extensions 555, which may couple the second power module 150 to components of the first power supply 26 configured to provide inputs to the second power module 150. Such an arrangement may reduce the amount of cabling required and may allow for a non-cabled connection between the second power source 28 and the first power source 26 and/or components thereof of fig. 2. Such an arrangement may also have space advantages and allow a greater number of second power modules 150 to be located in the rack shelf 552. In some embodiments, the inputs of the power modules 150 of fig. 11 may be combined together, but in some embodiments, a plurality of bus bars or bus bar extensions 555 may be provided, each corresponding to a module in the rack shelf 552. In some embodiments, the output 171 from the second power module 150 may be located below the second power module 150 and the controller 210. Some aspects of the power supply component 510 of fig. 11, the power supply component 110 of fig. 5A, the power supply component 110 'of fig. 5B, the block diagram 100 of fig. 6, the block diagram 100' of fig. 7, the block diagram 200 of fig. 8, the block diagram 300 of fig. 9, and the block diagram 400 of fig. 10 are not mutually exclusive and are shown separately for ease of discussion. Thus, at least some of the illustrated aspects of the systems and block diagrams of FIGS. 5A-11 may be combinable in some embodiments.

Aspects of the present disclosure have been provided herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which certain exemplary embodiments of the inventive concepts are shown. These inventive concepts may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments set forth and described herein. These exemplary embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the inventive concept to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout the specification and drawings, and identical repeated descriptions may be omitted herein for brevity. It should also be appreciated that the example embodiments disclosed herein may be combined in any manner and/or combination to provide many additional embodiments.

Although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terminology used in the description above is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used in this disclosure, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that when an element (e.g., a device, circuit, etc.) is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly connected" or "directly coupled" to another element, there are no intervening elements present.

It will be further understood that the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes" and/or "including," when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed typical exemplary embodiments of the inventive concept and, although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the inventive concept being set forth in the following claims.