阅读说明：本技术 使超速的发动机停止的方法、相关联的系统和旋翼飞行器 (Method for stopping an overspeed engine, associated system and rotorcraft ) 是由 纪尧姆·迪米尔 弗朗索瓦-格扎维埃·戈尔曼 于 2021-04-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于使超速的旋翼飞行器(1)的发动机(10)停止的方法,所述旋翼飞行器(1)包括至少一个发动机(10),所述发动机(10)包括气体发生器(11)以及动力组件(19),所述动力组件(19)包括通过源自所述气体发生器(11)的气体而旋转的至少一个动力涡轮(15),所述动力组件(19)包括旋转地固定在所述动力涡轮(15)上的至少一个动力轴(16),所述动力组件(19)以被称为“转速(N2)”的速度围绕纵向轴线旋转。根据本发明,该方法包括以下步骤：测量所述转速(N2)的当前值(N2i),确定所述转速(N2)的所述当前值(N2i)的时间导数(被称为“当前导数”),以及在所述当前导数改变符号时使所述发动机(10)自动停止。(The invention relates to a method for stopping an engine (10) of an overspeed rotorcraft (1), said rotorcraft (1) comprising at least one engine (10), said engine (10) comprising a gas generator (11) and a power assembly (19), said power assembly (19) comprising at least one power turbine (15) rotated by gas originating from said gas generator (11), said power assembly (19) comprising at least one power shaft (16) rotationally fixed to said power turbine (15), said power assembly (19) surrounding a longitudinal axis at a speed called "rotational speed (N2)"Rotating towards the axis. According to the invention, the method comprises the following steps: measuring a current value (N2i) of the rotational speed (N2), determining a time derivative (referred to as "current derivative") of the current value (N2i) of the rotational speed (N2) ") and at the current derivative The engine (10) is automatically stopped when the sign is changed.)

1. A method (40, 50, 60, 70) for stopping an engine (10) of an overspeed rotorcraft (1), said rotorcraft (1) comprising at least one engine (10), said engine (10) comprising a gas generator (11) and a power assembly (19), said power assembly (19) comprising at least one power turbine (15) rotated by gas originating from said gas generator (11), said power assembly (19) comprising at least one power shaft (16) rotationally fixed to said power turbine (15), said power assembly (19) rotating about a longitudinal Axis (AX) at a speed referred to as "rpm (N2)";

wherein, during flight, the method (40, 50, 60, 70) comprises the steps of:

measuring (42, 52, 62, 72) a current value (N2i) of the rotation speed (N2) reached by the power assembly (19) during a predetermined time period T;

determining (43, 53, 63, 73) a time derivative of the current value (N2i) of the rotational speed (N2), said time derivative being referred to as the "current derivative"And

at the current derivative-automatically stopping (45, 55, 65, 75) the engine (10) when changing sign from strictly negative to strictly positive during the predetermined period of time T.

2. The method of claim 1;

wherein at the current derivativeLess than or equal to a first predetermined threshold S1 during a first intermediate time period T1, then the current derivativeThe stopping step (45, 55, 65, 75) is performed when greater than or equal to a second predetermined threshold S2 during a second intermediate time period T2.

3. The method of claim 2;

wherein the current derivativeRepresents the percentage of the current value N2i per second (% N2i. multidot.s)^-1) The first predetermined threshold S1 being at-50% N2i · S^-1With-100% N2i. s^-1In the meantime.

4. The method of claim 2;

wherein the current derivativeRepresents the percentage of the current value N2i per second (% N2i. multidot.s)^-1) Said second predetermined threshold value S2 being + 50% n2i.s^-1And + 200% N2i.s^-1In the meantime.

5. The method of claim 2;

wherein the first intermediate time period T1 is less than 1 second, and preferably between 100 and 800 milliseconds.

6. The method of claim 2;

wherein the second intermediate time period T2 is less than 1 second and preferably between 100 and 800 milliseconds.

7. The method of claim 1;

wherein the gas generator (11) comprises a rotating assembly rotating about the longitudinal Axis (AX) at a speed referred to as "rotational speed (N1)", the method (50) comprising the step (51): measuring a current value (N1i) of the rotational speed (N1) reached by the gas generator (11).

8. The method of claim 7;

wherein the stopping step (55) is subject to a current value (N1i) of the rotation speed (N1) being greater than a third predetermined threshold (S3).

9. The method of claim 1;

wherein the method (60) comprises a step (61): measuring a current value (Tqi) of engine torque (Tq) delivered to the at least one powered axle (16).

10. The method of claim 9;

wherein the stopping step (65) is conditioned by a current value (Tqi) of engine torque (Tq) greater than a fourth predetermined threshold (S4).

11. The method of claim 1;

wherein the method (70) comprises processing the current derivativeSaid processing step (74) enabling said current derivative to be correctedFiltering and/or calculating the current derivativeAverage value of (a).

12. An overspeed safety system (20) for an engine (10) of a rotorcraft (1), said engine (10) comprising a gas generator (11) and a power pack (19), said power pack (19) comprising at least one power turbine (15) rotating by gas originating from said gas generator (11), said power pack (19) comprising at least one power shaft (16) rotationally fixed on said power turbine (15), said power pack (19) rotating about a longitudinal Axis (AX) at a speed called "rpm (N2)", said overspeed safety system (20) comprising:

-a speed sensor (30) for measuring a current value (N2i) of the rotation speed (N2) reached by the power assembly (19) during a predetermined time period T;

-a shutdown system (25) for stopping operation of the engine (10); and

-a processing unit (21) connected to both the speed sensor (30) and the shutdown system (25),

wherein the processing unit (21) is configured to perform the method (40, 50, 60, 70) according to claim 1.

13. A rotorcraft (1) comprising at least one engine (10) and an overspeed safety system (20) for said at least one engine (10);

wherein the security system (20) is in accordance with claim 12.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a method for stopping an overspeed engine, to such an overspeed safety system and to a rotorcraft having such an overspeed safety system.

The present invention relates to the general technical field of systems for ensuring the operational safety of engines of aircraft and in particular of turboshaft engines of rotorcraft.

The invention relates more specifically to the protection of the power plant in the event of engine overspeed.

A rotorcraft has at least one engine for rotating at least one rotor. Such rotors provide at least part of the lift, and even the thrust, of the rotorcraft. For example, a dual engine rotorcraft includes first and second engines that collectively drive main lift and/or propulsive rotors via a power transmission system.

The first and second engines are typically controlled by a first and second control unit, respectively. Such a control unit may be part of a more general control system known as "full authority digital engine control" or its acronym "FADEC".

Each control unit may include a peripheral command and control unit and a computer connected between the cockpit and the associated engine of the rotorcraft.

Additionally, the engine of such a rotorcraft may be a turboshaft engine.

Turboshaft engines typically include a gas generator. The gas generator comprises, in turn, at least one compressor, which is mechanically connected to an expansion turbine by means of a drive shaft, a combustion chamber and at least one expansion turbine.

In addition, the turboshaft engine comprises a power assembly located downstream of the gas generator. The power assembly is typically provided with at least one power turbine that is rotated by the gas exiting the gas generator. The power turbine rotates a working shaft that engages a power transmission system connected to at least one lift and/or thrust rotor.

The power turbine is described as "free" when it is not mechanically connected to the gas generator by a shaft.

In particular in the event of a breakdown of the drive train or a slip of a flywheel of the drive train, the rotational speed of the power turbine of the turboshaft engine can be increased significantly and very rapidly. Beyond a certain threshold, the person skilled in the art considers such turboshaft engines to be in an overspeed state, which may lead to a runaway speed until the engine is damaged or even to the explosion of the engine.

For this reason, rotorcraft are often equipped with safety systems in an attempt to limit the impact of such excessive speeds on the integrity of the rotorcraft.

Therefore, an electronic shutdown system may be implemented to stop the turboshaft engine, thereby preventing the occurrence of overspeed.

The manufacturer of a turboshaft engine therefore establishes a threshold rotational speed value for the free turbine of the turboshaft engine, for example. When the threshold is reached, the control unit stops the engine. In this configuration, the engine is not damaged by the safety system.

Background

Document FR2962165 proposes to compare only the engine torque delivered by the free turbine with a torque threshold.

However, using a single speed or torque monitoring threshold may result in an untimely engine shutdown, such as when the rotorcraft is performing a rush maneuver. Therefore, such monitoring systems are sometimes not provided on single-engine aircraft.

In a twin engine rotorcraft, in the event of one engine shutdown due to overspeed, the shutdown of the other engine may be inhibited to prevent both engines from shutting down untimely. After the first engine is shut down, the second engine is no longer allowed to shut down during flight.

In this case, however, the second engine cannot be stopped in the event of an overspeed. While this is unlikely, it is still possible. Therefore, if the second engine subsequently reaches an overspeed state, the second engine cannot be automatically stopped because its protection is prohibited. Thus, the second engine is in danger of being in an overspeed condition. In addition, in this case, it has been provided to protect the immediate external environment of the engine by means of a mechanical protection device surrounding the engine, formed by a retaining ring arranged around the free turbine. This type of protection is generally known and is referred to as "blade shedding".

Thus, in one variation, the pilot may manually reset the electronic system to protect the second engine from overspeeding, thereby avoiding such a situation.

The technical background also includes a protection device that stops an overspeed engine via a comparison between the mechanical power required by the rotorcraft and a predetermined power threshold. The mechanical power required by the rotorcraft is calculated from at least a current or expected value of the drag torque of the main rotor of the rotorcraft.

Document FR2967213 describes a control method for controlling an overspeed safety system of an aircraft comprising at least two engines. The method comprises setting an engine overspeed safety system, monitoring the rotational speed of the engines, detecting the overspeed of one of the engines, stopping the engine in question when such a condition is detected, and inhibiting the operation of the overspeed safety system for the other engine(s) that are still operating. The overspeed safety system of an engine that is still running can be reset based on one or more safety parameters.

Document FR2980174 describes a control method for controlling an overspeed safety system of an aircraft comprising at least two engines. According to the method, a first engine is stopped when a monitored parameter of the first engine exceeds a first threshold value, and a second engine separate from the first engine is stopped when a monitored parameter of the second engine exceeds a second threshold value, the second threshold value being higher than the first threshold value.

In particular, the monitored parameter is the rotational speed of the free turbine of the engine.

Document FR3026438 describes a control method for controlling an overspeed safety system of a rotorcraft having at least one engine. According to the method, the engine is stopped when the time derivative of the rotational speed reached by the power pack of the engine exceeds the limit derivative.

Document JP2004011459 relates to the technical field of ships moving at high speed and to prime movers thereof, including gas turbines. Furthermore, this document describes the protection of the gas turbine against overspeed by measuring the rotational speed N of the output shaft by means of a speed sensor.

In this way, the speed controller receives information representative of the speed N and, upon detection of an overspeed, may control the valve to shut off the fuel supply to the gas turbine.

This overspeed detection is achieved by comparing the derivative dN/dt of the rotational speed with a positive threshold value.

Document EP3000986a1 describes an overspeed test based on measured torque, the rotational speed N1 of the gas generator and the rotational speed N2 of the power module.

Document EP3075662a1 describes a method for stopping a nominally running engine, thus not allowing the occurrence of overspeed to be detected.

Document US6321525B1 discloses an overspeed test based on the rotational speed of the gas turbine. The object of the present invention is therefore to propose an alternative method for limiting the risk of untimely shutdown of the rotorcraft engine and ensuring engine shutdown in the event of a hard landing of the rotorcraft on the ground, on a vehicle such as, in particular, a boat, on a building or on any landing strip in general. In fact, such a hard landing may foresee an overspeed of at least one engine mounted on the rotorcraft.

In the following, for the sake of simplicity, the term "ground" may be used to indiscriminately refer to dry land, ship decks, helicopter airports disposed, for example, on buildings, or any other terrain or runway on which rotorcraft are suitable for landing.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention therefore relates to a method for stopping an overspeed rotorcraft engine, the rotorcraft comprising at least one engine including a gas generator and a power assembly including at least one power turbine that is rotated by gas originating from the gas generator, the power assembly including at least one power shaft rotationally fixed to the power turbine, the power assembly rotating about a longitudinal axis AX at a speed referred to as "speed of rotation N2".

According to the invention, this method is remarkable in that, during flight, it comprises the following steps:

measuring the current value N2i of the rotation speed N2 reached by the power assembly during the predetermined period T;

determining the time derivative of the current value of the rotational speed N2i, which is referred to as the "current derivative"And

at the current derivativeThe engine is automatically stopped when the sign is changed from a strictly negative value to a strictly positive value within a predetermined period of time T.

In other words, the method for stopping an overspeed rotorcraft engine may detect and predict the occurrence of overspeed in the power shaft of at least one engine of the rotorcraft.

Indeed, during a hard landing of a rotorcraft on the ground, a collision may occur between at least one blade of the main rotor, which provides at least lift, and the ground or any other support, vehicle or object. As a result, such a collision will cause the current value N2i of the speed N2 reached by the power assembly to vary very sharply and very rapidly.

The method according to the invention can therefore automatically stop the engine when the current value N2i decreases due to the blade colliding with the ground within the predetermined time period T and then accelerates. In this case, when the current derivative is detectedThe stopping of the engine(s) is controlled when going from a strictly negative value to a strictly positive value. More precisely, the current derivativeIs the first derivative and changes from a large negative value to a large positive value during a hard landing of the rotorcraft on the ground.

In addition, the stopping step for automatically stopping the engine may be performed by, for example, cutting off the supply of fuel to the gas generator. The amount of fuel injected into the engine may be reduced or even eliminated.

Such a method can therefore identify a hard landing of the rotorcraft and control the automatic stopping of the overspeed engine, rather than controlling the stopping of the engine in other overspeed situations where only the speed of the engine exceeds a threshold value.

Therefore, this method is different from a method for controlling the automatic stop of the engine during flight. For example, during flight, if the mechanical connection between the power unit and the gearbox fails, engine overspeed may occur. Thus, the current derivativeBecoming a very large positive number. However, before this very large positive value, it is not a very large negative value, so that the method according to the invention makes it possible to avoid untimely stopping of the control engine during flight.

In fact, at the current derivativeLess than or equal to a first predetermined threshold S1 during a first intermediate time period T1, then the current derivativeThe stopping step may be performed when greater than or equal to a second predetermined threshold S2 during a second intermediate time period T2.

In other words, this method can be used to verify the current derivativeChange sign and derive the current derivativeThe stop of the engine (S) is controlled in comparison with a first predetermined threshold S1 and a second predetermined threshold S2. Such a comparison may also be performed constantly during the flight of the rotorcraft or alternatively during the landing phase, or indeed according to the altitude of the rotorcraft from the ground or generally any landing zone.

Furthermore, the predetermined period of time T is thus broken down into two consecutive periods of time, namely a first intermediate period of time T1 followed by a second intermediate period of time T2.

Such first and second predetermined thresholds S1, S2 and first and second intermediate time periods T1, T2 may be defined in different ways, in particular by computer simulation, by flight tests and by experimentation. The first and second predetermined thresholds S1 and S2 and the first and second intermediate time periods T1 and T2 are also specific to each rotorcraft and may vary, for the same rotorcraft, with different parameters relating, for example, to the type of mission of the rotorcraft and/or to its quality.

Furthermore, these first and second predetermined thresholds S1 and S2 and the first and second intermediate time periods T1 and T2 may be constant values stored in memory on-board the rotorcraft.

Alternatively, the first and second predetermined thresholds S1 and S2 and the first and second intermediate time periods T1 and T2 may also be determined during flight and varied over time and recorded in memory on board the rotorcraft according to a predetermined law of calculation.

According to a specific example of the invention, the current derivativeRepresents the percentage of the current value N2i per second (% N2i. multidot.s)^-1) The first predetermined threshold S1 may be at-50% N2i · S^-1With-100% N2i. s^-1In the meantime.

In fact, such a range of values of the first predetermined threshold value S1 makes it possible to identify a deceleration of the current value N2i resulting from the collision of at least one main rotor blade with the ground.

According to another aspect of the invention, the current derivativeRepresents the percentage of the current value N2i per second (% N2i. multidot.s)^-1) The second predetermined threshold S2 may be at + 50% n2i.s^-1And + 200% N2i.s^-1In the meantime.

This further range of values of the second predetermined threshold value S makes it possible to identify the acceleration of the current value N2i, which represents, for example, a breakage of one or more blades and/or a breakage of the connecting shaft between the engine and the main gearbox. In fact, the blades colliding with the ground during a hard landing may also cause breakage of other transmission elements between the power turbine of the engine and the power assembly of the rotorcraft.

Advantageously, the first intermediate time period T1 may be less than 1 second, and may preferably be between 100 and 800 milliseconds.

This range of values of the first intermediate time period Tl, like the range of values of the first predetermined threshold Sl, also contributes to identifying the deceleration of the current value N2i caused by at least one blade colliding with the ground.

In practice, the second intermediate time period T2 may be less than 1 second, and may preferably be between 100 and 800 milliseconds.

Similarly, this range of values of the second intermediate time period T2 contributes to identifying the acceleration of the current value N2i, which represents, for example, a breakage of one or more blades and/or a breakage of a connecting shaft between the engine and the main gearbox.

Alternatively and additionally, stopping of the engine may be governed by other factors that help ensure that the engine of the rotorcraft is indeed in a stage before the risk of overspeed.

According to a first embodiment of the invention, the gas generator comprises a rotating assembly rotating about a longitudinal axis AX at a speed referred to as "rotation speed N1", the method may comprise the steps of: the current value N1i of the rotational speed N1 reached by the gas generator is measured.

In this case, the stopping step may be conditioned by the current value N1i of the rotation speed N1 being greater than the third predetermined threshold S3.

Such a third predetermined threshold S3 may therefore ensure that the engine is indeed operating in a phase in which the gas generator is supplying gas so that the free turbine may be made to rotate. This may avoid a risk of false detection of overspeed, e.g. caused by an autorotation flight phase. Indeed, during such autorotation flight phase, the current derivative is even if the engine provides very little power to the dynamic components of the rotorcraftAnd may vary greatly.

According to a second embodiment of the invention, the method may comprise the steps of: the current value Tqi of the engine torque Tq delivered to the power shaft(s) is measured.

In this case, the stopping step may be governed by a current value Tqi of engine torque Tq above a fourth predetermined threshold S4.

According to this second example, the fourth predetermined threshold S4 may also ensure that the engine is operating in a phase in which the gas generator is supplying gas so that the free turbine may be made to rotate. As mentioned before, the aim is to avoid identifying the risk of overspeed, for example caused by the autorotation flight phase.

Advantageously, the method may comprise processing the current derivativeCan be applied to the current derivativeFiltering and/or calculating the current derivativeAverage value of (a).

Thus, such a processing step helps to make the current derivativeIs more robust with respect to digital sampling phenomena.

The object of the present invention is also an overspeed safety system for a rotorcraft engine, the engine comprising a gas generator and a power pack, the power pack comprising at least one power turbine that is rotated by gas originating from the gas generator, the power pack comprising at least one power shaft rotationally fixed to the power turbine, the power pack rotating about a longitudinal axis AX at a speed referred to as "speed of rotation N2", the overspeed safety system comprising:

a speed sensor for measuring the current value N2i of the rotation speed N2 reached by the power assembly during a predetermined period T;

a shutdown system for stopping operation of the engine; and

a processing unit connected to both the speed sensor and the shutdown system.

According to the invention, such a processing unit is notable in that it is configured to determine the time derivative (referred to as "current derivative") of the current value N2i of the rotational speed by determining the current value N2 ") And at the current derivativeThe method is implemented by automatically stopping the engine when the sign is changed from a strictly negative value to a strictly positive value within a predetermined time period T.

The speed sensor may comprise, for example, an electromagnetic sensor positioned opposite a tone wheel rotationally fixed to the rotating member whose rotational speed is to be measured.

Conventionally, the tone wheel may be provided with a peripheral region comprising teeth distributed in the circumferential direction. As the teeth of the tone wheel pass in front of the electromagnetic sensor, they change the magnetic field generated and induce an alternating current in the coil of the electromagnetic sensor, the frequency of which is proportional to the speed of rotation.

The shutdown system may also include a fuel metering valve that delivers fuel to the gas generator. In this way, the shutdown system may, for example, minimize or even eliminate the amount of fuel injected into the engine through the fuel metering valve.

The shutdown system may also include at least one pump that delivers fuel to the gas generator. In this case, the shutdown system may stop the engine, for example, by cutting off power to the fuel pump.

Further, a processing unit may comprise logic circuits or equivalents, or indeed a computing device such as a processor or equivalent, that executes instructions stored in a memory.

In particular, the processing unit may be the FADEC of the engine. Restated, FADEC is the control unit of the turboshaft engine, the acronym standing for "full authority digital engine control".

Alternatively, the processing unit may also be arranged in parallel with the FADEC in order to be able to stop the overspeed engine even in case of failure of the FADEC.

In addition to an overspeed safety system, the invention also relates to a rotorcraft comprising such a system.

The rotorcraft comprising at least one engine and an overspeed safety system for the engine or engines.

According to the invention, such a rotorcraft is notable for an overspeed safety system as described above.

Drawings

The invention and its advantages will emerge in more detail from the description of the invention given below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a side view of a rotary-wing aircraft according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an overspeed safety system according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating current derivatives according to the present inventionGraph of the change over time.

Figure 4 is a first logic diagram showing a first variant of the method according to the invention for stopping an overspeed rotorcraft engine;

FIG. 5 is a second logic diagram showing a second variant of the method for stopping an overspeed rotorcraft engine according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a third logic diagram showing a third variation of the method for stopping an overspeed rotorcraft engine according to the present disclosure; and

figure 7 is a fourth logic diagram showing a fourth variant of the method according to the invention for stopping an overspeed rotorcraft engine.

Detailed Description

Elements present in more than one figure are given the same reference numeral in each figure.

As mentioned above, the present invention relates to a method for stopping a rotorcraft engine, an overspeed safety system and a rotorcraft equipped therewith.

As shown in fig. 1, such a rotorcraft 1 includes at least one engine 10 that rotates at least one rotor 2 that provides lift of the rotorcraft 1 at least in the air. Further, the engine(s) 10 are connected to the power transmission system 3.

Such an engine 10 may typically be a turboshaft engine and includes a gas generator 11 and a power assembly 19.

As shown in fig. 2, the power assembly 19 includes at least one power turbine 15 rotated by the gas from the gas generator 11 and at least one power shaft 16 rotatably fixed to the power turbine 15.

The rotating group 13 of the gas generator 11 may in particular comprise a compressor and an expansion turbine, which have a certain degree of rotational mobility about the longitudinal axis AX and which rotate themselves with respect to the housing of the gas generator 11 at a speed referred to as "rotational speed N1".

Similarly, the power assembly 19 may also have a certain degree of rotational mobility about the longitudinal axis AX with respect to the chassis and itself rotate at a speed referred to as "rotational speed N2".

In addition, rotorcraft 1 may be equipped with an overspeed safety system 20. The overspeed safety system 20 includes a speed sensor 30 for measuring a current value N2i of the rotational speed N2 reached by the power assembly 19 during a predetermined time period T.

Such a speed sensor 30 may comprise, for example, an electromagnetic sensor positioned opposite a tone wheel rotationally fixed on the power shaft 16.

Such tone wheels may comprise teeth arranged in the peripheral region, distributed circumferentially at regular intervals. As the teeth of the tone wheel pass in front of the speed sensor 30, they may in particular alter the magnetic field and generate an alternating current in the coils of the speed sensor 30, the frequency of which is proportional to the rotational speed of the power shaft 16.

The overspeed safety system 20 also includes a shutdown system 25 for stopping operation of the engine 10 when the detection condition is satisfied.

Such a shutdown system 25 may include a fuel metering valve that delivers fuel to the gas generator 11.

The shutdown system 25 may also include at least one pump that delivers fuel to the gas generator 11.

The overspeed safety system 20 also includes a processing unit 21 connected by wire or wirelessly to both the speed sensor 30 and the shutdown system 25.

The processing unit 21 may comprise, for example, at least one processor and at least one memory, at least one integrated circuit, at least one programmable system or at least one logic circuit, without limiting the scope afforded to the expression "processing unit". The term "processor" may likewise refer to a central processing unit or CPU, a graphics processor or GPU, a digital signal processor or DSP, a microcontroller, or the like.

The processing unit 21 may calculate a derivative of the current value N2i of the rotational speed N2 during the predetermined period of time T, which is referred to as the "current derivative"

As shown in fig. 3, the current derivative valueMay vary over time, for example, oscillate around a zero value.

The processing unit 21 then compares the current derivativeCompared with a first predetermined threshold S1 and a second predetermined threshold S2. Such first and second predetermined thresholds S1 and S2 may be defined in different ways, in particular by computer simulation, by flight tests and/or by experimentation. The first and second predetermined thresholds S1 and S2 and the first and second intermediate time periods T1 and T2 are also specific to each rotorcraft and may vary, for example, with different parameters relating to the type of mission of the rotorcraft and/or to its quality, for the same rotorcraft.

Furthermore, these first and second predetermined thresholds S1 and S2 and the first and second intermediate time periods T1 and T2 may be constant values stored in memory on-board the rotorcraft.

Alternatively, the first and second predetermined thresholds S1 and S2 and the first and second intermediate time periods T1 and T2 may also be determined during flight and varied over time according to predetermined calculation laws stored in a memory on board the rotorcraft.

At the current derivativeThe shutdown system 25 controls the stopping of the engine(s) 10 when changing its sign from a strictly negative value to a strictly positive value within a predetermined time period T.

In fact, at the current derivativeLess than or equal to a first predetermined threshold S1 during a first intermediate time period T1, then the current derivativeThe shutdown system 25 may stop the engine (S) 10 when greater than or equal to a second predetermined threshold S2 during a second intermediate time period T2.

For example, the first predetermined threshold S1 is at-50% N2i · S^-1With-100% N2i. s^-1In between, the second predetermined threshold S2 is at + 50% N2i · S^-1And + 200% N2i. s^-1In the meantime.

The first intermediate period Tl and the second intermediate period T2 are each less than 1 second and preferably between 100 and 800 milliseconds. The first intermediate period T1 and the second intermediate period T2 are added together to be equal to the predetermined period T.

As shown in fig. 4 to 7, the invention also relates to a method for stopping the engine 10 of an overspeed rotorcraft 1.

Thus, as shown in fig. 4, a first variant of the method 40 for stopping the engine 10 of an overspeed rotorcraft 1 comprises a measurement step 42 for measuring the current value N2i of the speed N2 reached by the power pack 19 during the predetermined time period T.

Then, the method 40 comprises determining a current derivativeStep 43 of determination.

Finally, method 40 executes for deriving at the current derivativeA stop step 45 of automatically stopping engine 10 when the sign is changed from a strictly negative value to a strictly positive value within a predetermined time period T.

According to a second variant of method 50 shown in fig. 5, stopping of engine 10 may be governed by at least one other parameter. Thus, the method 50 may include a step 51 of measuring a current value N1i of the rotational speed N1 reached by the gas generator 11.

The method 50 then executes a measuring step 52 for measuring a current value N2i of the rotational speed N2 reached by the power assembly 19 during a predetermined time period T, for determining a current derivativeAnd a stop step 55 for automatically stopping engine 10.

According to this second variant of the method 50, the stopping step 55 may be carried out when the current value N1i of the rotation speed N1 is greater than the third predetermined threshold value S3, and then the current derivativeThe engine 10 is automatically stopped when the sign is changed from a strictly negative value to a strictly positive value within a predetermined period of time T.

According to a third variant of the method 60 shown in fig. 6, the measuring step 61 may alternatively be carried out to measure the current value Tqi of the engine torque Tq transmitted to the power shaft 16.

As in the previous two variants, the method 60 then executes a measurement step 62 for measuring the current value N2i of the rotation speed N2 reached by the power assembly 19 during the predetermined time period T, for determining the current derivativeStep 63 and a stop step 65 for automatically stopping the engine 10.

According to this third variant of method 60, then step 6 is stopped5 may be greater than the fourth predetermined threshold S4 at the current value Tqi of the engine torque Tq, and then the current derivativeThe engine 10 is automatically stopped when the sign is changed from a strictly negative value to a strictly positive value within a predetermined period of time T.

According to a fourth variant of the method 70 shown in fig. 7, the method carries out a measuring step 72 for measuring a current value N2i of the rotational speed N2 reached by the power assembly 19 during the predetermined time period T, for determining a current derivativeStep 73 for counting the preambleProcessing to determine the current derivativeFiltering and/or calculating the current derivativeStep 74 of averaging and a stop step 75 for automatically stopping the engine 10.

Current derivative when filtered and/or averagedThe stopping step 75 may automatically stop the engine 10 when the sign changes from a strictly negative value to a strictly positive value within a predetermined time period T.

Of course, the filtered and/or averaged current derivative, in addition to the change in signCurrent derivative available for use in the filtering and/or averagingLess than or equal to a first predetermined threshold S1 during a first intermediate time period T1, then the filtered and/or averaged current derivativeThe engine (S) 10 is stopped when greater than or equal to a second predetermined threshold S2 during a second intermediate period T2.

Of course, the invention is capable of many variations in its embodiments. While several embodiments are described above, it should be readily understood that an exhaustive identification of all possible embodiments is not possible. It is, of course, possible to replace any of the means described with equivalent means without going beyond the scope of the invention.