阅读说明：本技术 前链环组件 (Front chain ring assembly ) 是由 I·米勒 N·凯克 J·内曼 于 2021-03-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本公开涉及前链环组件。一种链环组件包括适于联接到曲柄臂的链环托架。链环托架能绕旋转轴线旋转,并包括具有托架螺纹的外周缘。链环结构包括具有链环螺纹的内周缘和含多个齿的外周缘。链环结构的内周缘与链环托架的外周缘螺纹接合。在一个实施方式中,一种功率计装置包括具有扭矩输入部和扭矩输出部的主体,其中扭矩输出部包括外周缘,该外周缘具有适于联接到链环结构的螺纹。(The present disclosure relates to front link assemblies. A chainring assembly includes a chainring bracket adapted to be coupled to a crank arm. The chainring carrier is rotatable about an axis of rotation and includes an outer periphery having carrier threads. The link structure includes an inner peripheral edge having a link thread and an outer peripheral edge including a plurality of teeth. The inner periphery of the link structure is threadedly engaged with the outer periphery of the link bracket. In one embodiment, a power meter device includes a body having a torque input and a torque output, wherein the torque output includes an outer periphery having threads adapted to couple to a chain ring structure.)

1. A front link assembly, comprising:

a chainring bracket adapted to be coupled to a crank arm, wherein the chainring bracket is rotatable about an axis of rotation, and wherein the chainring bracket includes an outer periphery including bracket threads; and

a chain ring structure comprising an inner peripheral edge comprising a chain ring thread and an outer peripheral edge comprising a plurality of teeth, wherein the inner peripheral edge of the chain ring structure is threadedly engaged with the outer peripheral edge of the chain ring carrier.

2. The front chainring assembly of claim 1, wherein the chainring carrier includes an annular shoulder extending radially outward adjacent the carrier threads on the outer periphery of the chainring carrier, wherein the annular shoulder defines a stop surface, wherein the chainring structure is rotatable relative to the chainring carrier between a disengaged position and an engaged position, wherein the chainring structure engages the stop surface when in the engaged position.

3. The front link assembly of claim 1, wherein at least the bracket threads comprise at least three thread turns.

4. The front link assembly of claim 3, wherein at least the carrier threads comprise nine or eighteen thread turns.

5. The front chainring assembly of claim 1, wherein the carrier threads and the chainring threads include lead angles between 0.5 ° and 21.0 ° and including 0.5 ° and 21.0 °.

6. The front link assembly of claim 1, wherein the link carrier includes an annular cavity disposed radially between an inner perimeter and the outer perimeter of the link carrier, the link carrier including a power meter device disposed within the annular cavity, the power meter device configured to determine power transmitted between the inner perimeter of the link carrier and the outer perimeter of the link carrier.

7. The front link assembly of claim 6, wherein the dynamometer device includes a plurality of strain measurement devices attached to a bottom surface of the annular cavity, the strain measurement devices being spaced apart by openings in the bottom surface of the annular cavity.

8. The front link assembly of claim 1, further comprising a crank arm.

9. The front chainring assembly as set forth in claim 8, further comprising a first mating feature formed on one of said crank arm and said chainring bracket and a second mating feature formed on the other of said crank arm and said chainring bracket for positioning said chainring bracket on said crank arm and providing a torque transmitting coupling between said crank arm and said chainring bracket.

10. The front link assembly of claim 1, wherein the link structure includes a first portion including the plurality of teeth and a second portion including the link thread, wherein the first portion is releasably coupled to the second portion.

11. The front link assembly of claim 10, wherein the first portion is releasably coupled to the second portion with a plurality of fasteners.

12. The front link assembly of claim 1, wherein the link structure comprises a single link and the plurality of teeth includes a first set of teeth and a second set of teeth, the first set of teeth having an axial width greater than an axial width of the second set of teeth.

13. The front link assembly of claim 1, wherein the link structure includes a first link axially spaced from a second link, the plurality of teeth including a first plurality of teeth on an outer periphery of the first link and a second plurality of teeth on an outer periphery of the second link, wherein the first plurality of teeth are larger than the second plurality of teeth.

14. The front link assembly of claim 1, wherein the link threads comprise at least one removal thread, and wherein the bracket threads comprise at least one omitted thread.

15. The front link assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a locking member releasably coupled to the link carrier, wherein the locking member includes an insert portion removably received in an elongated recess formed adjacent the inner periphery of the link structure, wherein the insert portion is engageable with the link structure to prevent the link structure from threadably disengaging the outer periphery of the link carrier.

16. A power meter device, the power meter device comprising:

a body comprising a torque input and a torque output, the body configured to transmit power between the torque input and the torque output, the torque input adapted to be coupled to a crank arm, wherein the body is rotatable about an axis of rotation, the torque output comprising an outer periphery comprising threads adapted to be coupled to a chain ring structure; and

a plurality of strain measurement devices coupled to the body, the plurality of strain measurement devices configured to provide signals indicative of detected strain in the body; and

circuitry that interprets the signals and determines a corresponding power transmitted between the torque input and the torque output.

17. The power meter device of claim 16, wherein the body comprises an annular shoulder extending radially outward adjacent the threads, wherein the annular shoulder defines a stop surface adapted to engage the link structure.

18. The power meter device of claim 16, wherein the thread comprises at least three threads.

19. The power meter device of claim 18, wherein the threads comprise nine or eighteen threads.

20. The power meter device of claim 16, wherein the thread comprises a lead angle between 0.5 ° and 21.0 ° and comprising 0.5 ° and 21.0 °.

21. The power meter device of claim 16, wherein the body comprises an annular cavity disposed radially between the torque input and the torque output, the plurality of strain measurement devices being attached to a bottom surface of the annular cavity.

22. The power meter device of claim 21, wherein the plurality of strain measurement devices are spaced apart by an opening in the bottom surface of the annular cavity.

23. The power meter device of claim 16, wherein the torque input comprises a plurality of torque transmission features extending radially inward from an inner periphery of the main body.

24. The power meter device of claim 16, wherein the threads omit at least one thread.

Technical Field

The present application relates generally to front chainring assemblies having a removable chainring structure that is threadedly engaged with a chainring carrier that may include a dynamometer device.

Background

A cyclist may desire information about the amount of power input into the bicycle drive train during use. To accommodate this desire, a power meter device having a torque input and a torque output may be mounted on the bicycle. It may also be desirable to ensure that the power meter device can be used with different chainrings, both to reduce maintenance and replacement costs and to provide the cyclist with different chainring configuration and reduction ratio options. At the same time, however, it may be desirable to minimize the weight of the drive train without sacrificing performance of the drive train and/or the power meter device, particularly in a competitive riding environment.

Disclosure of Invention

In one aspect, one embodiment of a front chainring assembly includes a chainring bracket adapted to be coupled to a crank arm. The chainring carrier is rotatable about an axis of rotation and includes an outer periphery having carrier threads. The link structure includes an inner peripheral edge having a link thread and an outer peripheral edge including a plurality of teeth. The inner periphery of the link structure is threadedly engaged with the outer periphery of the link bracket.

In another aspect, an embodiment of a power meter device includes a body having a torque input and a torque output. The body is configured to transmit power between a torque input and a torque output, wherein the torque input is adapted to be coupled to a crank arm. The body is rotatable about an axis of rotation. The torque output includes an outer periphery having threads adapted to couple to a chain ring structure. A plurality of strain measurement devices are coupled to the body, wherein the plurality of strain measurement devices are configured to provide a signal indicative of detected strain in the body. Circuitry is provided for interpreting the signals and determining the corresponding power transmitted between the torque input and the torque output.

Various embodiments of a front link assembly and a power meter device and methods of use and assembly thereof provide significant advantages over other link assemblies, power meter devices and methods. For example, and without limitation, the link structure may be quickly and easily replaced simply by rotating the link structure relative to the link bracket. The threaded engagement eliminates the need for a lug and bolt engagement between the link bracket and the link structure and eliminates the attendant time and cost associated with disassembling the assembly. In this manner, the overall weight of the assembly may be reduced while maintaining the ability to easily replace or interchange links. Furthermore, the chain ring carrier may be incorporated into a power meter device, which provides reliable performance of the power meter.

The preceding paragraphs have been provided by way of general introduction and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims set forth below. Various preferred embodiments, together with further advantages, will be best understood by reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

The objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon reading the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a side view of one example of a bicycle.

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of one embodiment of a front link assembly including a power meter device.

FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of one embodiment of a front link assembly including a power meter device.

FIG. 4 is a side view of the front chainring assembly and the dynamometer apparatus shown in FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a side view of the front chainring assembly shown in FIG. 4 without the dynamometer apparatus.

FIG. 6 is a front end view of one embodiment of the link bracket.

FIG. 7 is a rear end view of one embodiment of a link bracket to which a dynamometer apparatus is coupled.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the link assembly taken along line 8-8 in FIG. 4.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged partial cross-section of the link assembly taken along line 9 in fig. 8.

FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of another embodiment of a front link assembly including a power meter device.

FIG. 11 is a side view of the front chainring assembly and dynamometer apparatus shown in FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is an inside side view of a crank arm coupled to a chainring bracket.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a power meter system.

FIG. 14 is a front view of another embodiment of a front link assembly including a power meter device.

FIG. 15 is an exploded perspective view of a chain ring assembly including the power meter device shown in FIG. 14.

Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the link assembly taken along line 16-16 in fig. 14.

Fig. 17 is an enlarged partial cross-section of the sprocket assembly taken along line 17 in fig. 16.

FIG. 18 is a first side perspective view of one embodiment of a link structure.

Fig. 19 is a second side perspective view of the link structure shown in fig. 18.

FIG. 20 is a first side perspective view of one embodiment of a link bracket.

Fig. 21 is a second side perspective view of the link bracket shown in fig. 20.

FIG. 22 is a side perspective view of one embodiment of a link assembly configured with a locking member.

Fig. 23 is a side perspective view of the link assembly shown in fig. 22 with the locking members shown in a disengaged configuration.

FIG. 24 is an enlarged partial view showing the locking member engaged with the link assembly.

Detailed Description

It is to be understood that the term "plurality" as used herein means two or more. The term "longitudinal" as used herein means or is related to a length or longitudinal direction. The term "lateral" as used herein means located, pointing or extending in a left-right direction. The term "coupled" means connected or joined, directly or indirectly (e.g., with an intervening member), and does not require that the joint be fixed or permanent, although the joint can be fixed or permanent. The terms "first," "second," and the like, as used herein, are not meant to be assigned to the particular feature so designated, but simply refer to such feature in the numerical order referenced, meaning that a feature designated as "first" may be subsequently designated as "second" such feature, depending on the order in which it is referred to. It will also be understood that the designations of "first" and "second" do not necessarily imply that the two components or values so designated are different, for example, it is intended that the first orientation may be the same as the second orientation, with each being simply applicable to different components. The terms "upper", "lower", "rear", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "right", "left", "inner", "outer", and variations or derivatives thereof refer to the orientation of the exemplary bicycle 50 shown in fig. 1 from the perspective of a user seated on the bicycle, for example, where the "inner" component or feature is closer to the vertical mid-plane of the bicycle extending in direction a. The term "transverse" means non-parallel. The terms "outer" and "outwardly" refer to directions or features that are offset from a centered position, e.g., the phrases "radially outward", "radially direction", and/or derivatives thereof refer to features that are offset from a centered position (e.g., the rotational axis 4 of the link assembly as shown in fig. 2). Conversely, the terms "inwardly" and "inwardly" refer to a direction facing toward a centered or interior position. The term "subassembly" refers to an assembly having a plurality of components, wherein the subassembly is capable of further assembly into other subassemblies and/or a final assembly such as a bicycle 50.

Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a human powered vehicle. In this example, the human powered vehicle is one possible type of bicycle 50, such as a mountain bike. Bicycle 50 has a frame 52, a handlebar 54 near the front end of the frame, and a seat or saddle 56 for supporting a rider above the top of the frame. The bicycle 50 also has a first or front wheel 58 carried by a front fork subassembly 60 that supports the front end of the frame. The bicycle 50 also has a second or rear wheel 62 that supports the rear end of the frame 52. The rear end of the frame 52 may be supported by a rear suspension member 61 such as a rear shock absorber. The bicycle 50 also has a drive train 64 with a crank assembly 66, the crank assembly 66 being operatively coupled to a rear freewheel 70 or driven sprocket assembly via a roller chain 68 near the hub providing the axis of rotation of the rear wheel 62. The roller chain 68 includes a plurality of inner links and a plurality of outer links interconnected in an alternating manner by a plurality of pins 63. Each inner link includes a pair of parallel inner link plates 67. Each outer link includes a pair of parallel outer link plates 65. Each pin 63 has a roller rotatably disposed thereon. The crank assembly 66 includes at least one (typically two) crank arms 75 and pedals 76, as well as a front chain ring assembly 300 or drive sprocket assembly. A crank spindle or shaft (not shown) may connect the two crank arms. The crank axle defines a central rotational axis 2 of the chain ring assembly 300. The crank assembly may also include other components.

A rear derailleur 37, such as a derailleur, is provided at the rear wheel 62 for moving the roller chain 68 over the various sprockets of the freewheel 70. In one embodiment, a front shifting device, such as a derailleur, can be provided to move the chain 68 through the plurality of sprockets of the chainring assembly. In the illustrated example, the seat 56 is supported on a seat post 81, the seat post 81 having an end portion that is received in the top of a frame seat tube 89 of the vehicle frame. Retainer ring 91 may be tightened to secure upper seat tube 81 to lower frame tube 89.

In fig. 1, arrow a depicts a normal riding or forward moving direction of the bicycle 50. Although the bicycle 50 depicted in fig. 1 is a mountain bike, the chainring assembly 300 (including the specific embodiments and examples disclosed herein as well as alternative embodiments and examples) may be implemented on other types of bicycles. For example, and without limitation, the disclosed chainring assembly 300 may be used on road bicycles as well as bicycles having mechanical (e.g., cable, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc.) and non-mechanical (e.g., wired, wireless) drive systems.

Referring now to fig. 2-12 and 14-23, the front chain ring assembly 300 includes chain ring brackets 302, 1302 adapted to be coupled to one of the crank arms 75. The chain ring carrier is rotatable about an axis of rotation 2. The chainring bracket includes an outer perimeter 306 or outer diameter/circumference configured with bracket threads 304, 1304. The link brackets 302, 1302 include an annular shoulder 308 configured as a radially extending flange, the annular shoulder 308 extending radially outward on the outer periphery of the bracket adjacent to the bracket threads 304, 1304. In one embodiment, the annular shoulder defines a stop surface 310 formed along an inner side surface of the shoulder 308. The stop surface 310 is substantially planar and is vertically disposed when the bicycle is in the upright riding position as shown in fig. 1. The shoulder 308 has a larger outer diameter than the bracket threads 304, 1304 such that the stop surface 310 is exposed to the outside side surface or face 322 of the link structure 320, 1320, 2320, 3320 that is threadedly engaged with the bracket threads 304, 1304. The annular shoulder 308 may be disposed outboard of the carrier threads 304 in the axial direction, e.g., as shown in fig. 6, defined by the axis of rotation 2, or in other embodiments, inboard of the carrier threads in the axial direction.

The link brackets 302, 1302 include or have formed thereon one of the first or second mating features 131, 132, while the crank arm 75 includes or has formed thereon the other of the first or second mating features 131, 132. The first and second mating features 131, 132 position the chainring carrier 302 relative to the crank arm 75 and provide a torque-transmitting coupling between the crank arm 75 and the chainring carrier 302. In another embodiment, the crank arm and the bracket may be torque-transfer coupled in other ways (such as by being directly attached to the crank spindle and/or to each other).

In one embodiment, and referring to fig. 2-12 and 18-23, the link structures 320, 3320 are single or individual links or drive sprockets configured as an annular sprocket having an inner periphery 324 or inner periphery/diameter configured with link threads 326, 1326 and an outer periphery configured with a plurality of circumferentially spaced teeth 328, the teeth 328 engaging the roller chain 68. The number of teeth may range between 28 and 48 teeth. The inner peripheral edge 324 of the chain ring (and in particular the chain ring threads 326, 1326) is threadedly engaged with the outer peripheral edge 306 of the chain ring bracket (and in particular the bracket threads 304, 1304). The link 320, 3320 is rotatable relative to the link carrier 302, 1302 between a disengaged position and an engaged position, wherein the link 320, 3320 (and particularly the outer surface or face 322 thereof) engages the stop surface 310 when the link 320, 3320 is in the engaged position. The chain rings 320, 3320 may be configured with a single, two, or three rings, with at least one of the rings having or defining a threaded inner periphery 324. In one embodiment, the plurality of teeth 328 of the chain ring 320 includes a first set of teeth 332 and a second set of teeth 334, wherein the axial width w1 of the first set of teeth 332 is greater than the axial width w2 of the second set of teeth 334. Each of the first set of teeth 332 has an axial width w1 such that the teeth 332 fit within the space between the outer link plates 65 of the roller chain 68, but not within the space between the inner link plates 67 of the roller chain 68. The first set of teeth 332 may include axial projections 331, 333, the axial projections 331, 333 configured to fill a space between the outer link plates 65 and/or interact with the outer link plates 65 of the roller chain 68. There may be an inboard projection 331 and/or an outboard projection 333 on the first set of teeth 332. Each of the second set of teeth 334 has an axial width w2 such that the teeth 334 fit within the spaces between the inner link plates 65 of the chain 68. The inside/outside sides or faces 321, 322 of the chain ring 320 may be concave inwardly or outwardly to account for the chain line.

Referring to fig. 10 and 11, in another embodiment, the link structure 1320 includes a first portion 336 and a second portion 338, the first portion 336 configured with a plurality of teeth, the second portion 338 including the link threads 326 and defining a surface or face 348 that abuts and engages the stop surface 310 of the bracket 302. The first and second portions may be configured as first and second annular rings, wherein the first portion is releasably coupled to the second portion, for example, with a plurality of fasteners 340 or bolts. The second portion 338 (otherwise referred to as an adapter) provides an interface between the link carrier 302 and the first portion, which may be configured as a conventional link, having a pattern of holes 342 (four shown) aligned with lugs 344 (four shown) extending radially outward from the adapter. Each lug 344 includes a threaded opening 346 or, alternatively, a through hole. In one embodiment, a fastener 340 is inserted through aperture 342 and threadably engages an aperture 346 defined in lug 344. Alternatively, a bolt may be inserted through the hole 342 and through-hole in the lug and secured with a nut. It should be understood that the plurality of fasteners 340 and corresponding apertures 342 and openings 346 may be more or less than four.

In another embodiment shown in fig. 14-17, the link structure 2320 is configured with a pair of axially spaced apart (e.g., first and second) endless drive sprockets 2321, 2323 or chain links. The first or outer sprocket 2321 is configured as an annular drive sprocket having an outer periphery defined by a first outer diameter D1, and is configured with a plurality of circumferentially spaced first teeth 328 that engage the roller chain 68 when the roller chain 68 is shifted onto the outer sprocket 2321 by, for example, a front shifting device such as a derailleur. The second or inner sprocket 2323 is configured as an annular drive sprocket having an outer periphery defined by a second outer diameter D2, and is configured with a plurality of circumferentially spaced second teeth 2328, the teeth 2328 engaging the roller chain 68 when the chain 68 is shifted onto the inner sprocket 2323 by, for example, a front shifting device such as a derailleur. The inner sprocket 2323 is coupled to the outer sprocket 2321 with at least a circumferential or annular wall 2325. The annular wall 2325 may be formed from the same single piece of material as the outer and inner sprockets 2321 and 2323. In one embodiment, outer diameter D1 is greater than outer diameter D2. The number of teeth of the outer sprocket 2321 may range between 46 and 50 teeth, and the number of teeth of the inner sprocket 2323 may range between 33 and 37 teeth. The front derailleur is operable to move a chain between the inside sprocket 2323 and the outside sprocket 2321. The link structure 2320 has an inner circumference 324 or diameter configured with the link threads 326. The link threads 326 are threadedly engaged with the outer perimeter 306 of the link bracket, and in particular the bracket threads 304. The link structure 2320 is rotatable relative to the link bracket 302 between a disengaged position and an engaged position, wherein the link structure 2320 (particularly an outside surface or face 2322 thereof) engages the stop surface 310 when the link mechanism 2320 is in the engaged position. The outer and inner sprockets 2321 and 2323 can have various recesses or openings to reduce the weight of the link structure 2320.

In various embodiments, both the link threads 326, 1326 and the bracket threads 304, 1304 may be configured with a plurality of thread turns 350, 352. For example, the link threads and the bracket threads may each include at least three thread runs. In one embodiment, the link threads 326, 1326 and the bracket threads 304, 1304 comprise at least nine thread turns, thereby allowing for a greater angle of approach. In other embodiments, the link threads and the bracket threads may each include eighteen (18) threads or up to thirty-six (36) threads. In one embodiment, the nine thread turns result in about 5/9 of rotation for mounting the link structure 320, 1320, 2320 on the bracket 302 or between the disengaged and engaged positions. In this manner, the plurality of threads provide minimal rotation during installation, but allow sufficient rotation to prevent inadvertent loosening of the link structure from the bracket, for example, when the chainring is accidentally struck by an obstruction such as a rock while a user is riding the bicycle.

The approach angle may be described as a lead angle (α). Less than three threads can create an unnecessarily flat approach between the faces 322, 348, 2322 of the link structure and the stop surface 310 of the shoulder, such that the torque or force required to loosen or remove the link structure becomes excessive. In various embodiments, the lead angle (α) is between and including 0.5 ° and 21.0 ° and is preferably at a suitable angle such that once the link structure 320, 1320, 2320, 3320 is installed on the carrier 302, 1302 and twisted a predetermined amount, the link structure 320, 1320, 2320, 3320 does not become automatically released from the carrier 302. As shown in table 1, various thread configuration embodiments may include, for example, 3 to 36 threads with corresponding lead angles of 0.6 degrees and 20.1 degrees and installation rotations of 600 degrees and 18.3 degrees, respectively. Other exemplary embodiments may be configured with 9 and 18 threads having corresponding lead angles of 1.8 and 7.4 degrees and installation rotations of 200 and 52 degrees, respectively. The pitch and lead of various exemplary embodiments are also provided in table 1. It should be understood that in some embodiments, the link threads 326, 1326 and the bracket threads 304, 1304 may be single-threaded and may be formed as right-or left-handed threads, as long as the link structures 320, 1320, 2320, 3320 tighten against the stop surface 310 of the shoulder upon pedaling, or alternatively, against a locking member 1100 configured as a pin in one embodiment. The laterally inboard/outboard placement of the link structures 320, 1320, 2320, 3320 may be defined by the positioning of the shoulder 308 and stop surface 310 in the axial direction or alternatively a locking member 1100 or pin or a combination of both that may be used to lock the link structures in place. Rotational alignment can be achieved via a threaded or pin position lock between the link structure and the bracket, if desired.

TABLE 1 thread configuration

As mentioned, the pattern of threads 304, 1304, 326, 1326 on the chain ring structure and the carrier is oriented such that the chain ring tightens on the carrier during riding. Thus, in the embodiment of fig. 8 and 9, in which the bracket threads 304 are disposed inboard of the shoulder 308 and stop surface 310, and the link structures 320, 1320, 2320 are threaded onto the bracket 302 from the inboard side of the bracket, the threads 304, 326 are right-handed threads or are tightened by clockwise rotation, meaning that the link structures 320, 1320, 2320 rotate clockwise relative to the bracket 302 when viewed from the inboard side, and the bracket 302 rotates clockwise relative to the link structures 320, 1320, 2320 when viewed from the outboard side. If the bracket threads 304 are disposed outboard of the shoulder 308 and stop surface 310, the threads 304, 326 are preferably configured as left-handed threads or tightened by counterclockwise rotation. In one embodiment, the link threads 326 and the bracket threads 304 are configured as 60 ° V threads, although it should be understood that other types of threads may be suitable.

Referring to fig. 18-21, one or more link threads 1326 may be removed from link structure 3320 and one or more bracket threads 1304 may be omitted on bracket 1302. For example, as shown in fig. 18 and 19, a pair of link threads 1102 or thread turns may be removed from the link structure. Referring to fig. 20 and 21, a pair of bracket threads 1104 or threads may be omitted on the bracket. The removed chain ring threads (removed chain ring threads) 1102 and the omitted carrier threads (stripped carrier threads) 1104 form smooth surfaces along the inner and outer peripheries 324, 306 of the respective chain ring structure 3320 and carrier 1302, respectively. The removal and omission of the link threads and the bracket threads ensures that the link can be locked in only one orientation. Because the thicker "missing" threads 1104 may only fit in the larger "removed" threads 1102 or thread line, the interface rotationally orients the link structure 3320 to the bracket 1302. By providing two of these features (the omitted threads 1104 and the removed threads 1102) on each of the link structure and the bracket, for example, at 180 degree intervals, proper installation of the link structure 3320 on the bracket 1302 may be facilitated. In this manner, the thread count and the thread run count for each of the link threads and the bracket threads includes both the number of actual threads 1326, 1304 and threads 352, 350 as well as the number of omitted threads 1104 and removed threads 1102. For example, a link structure having nine (9) threads and flights in which two of the threads 1102 are removed such that only seven (7) threads 1326 and flights 352 are actually present is still considered to have nine (9) threads and flights. It should be understood that the removed and omitted threads may be spaced at other angular intervals, and that more than two removed and omitted threads may be provided. In another embodiment, only a single removed and omitted thread may be provided on each of the link structure and the bracket, respectively.

During assembly, the chain ring structures 320, 1320, 2320, 3320 are screwed onto the brackets 302, 1302 until the stop surfaces 310 engage or abut the faces 322, 348, 2322 or outboard side surfaces of the chain ring structures. Further rotation of the brackets 302, 1302 relative to the chain ring structures 320, 1320, 2320, 3320 will frictionally secure or couple the chain ring structures 320, 1320, 2320, 3320 and the brackets 302, 1302 through the abutting surfaces 310, 322, 348, 2322 and through engagement between the bracket threads 304, 1304 and the link threads 326, 1326. During use, opposing forces applied to the brackets 302, 1302 by the crank arms 75 and to the link structures 320, 1320, 2320, 3320 by the roller chains 68 maintain the coupling of the brackets 302, 1302 and the link structures 320, 1320, 2320, 3320 through the abutting surfaces 310, 322, 348, 2322 and through the engagement between the bracket threads 304, 1304 and the link threads 326, 1326, thereby transferring torque between the crank arms and the chain and between the brackets and the link structures.

Referring to fig. 18-24, the locking member 1100 may be configured with a flange 1106, the flange 1106 being nested formed along or adjacent to the outer periphery of the bracketIn the cutout 1108. Flange 1106 can be releasably coupled to bracket 1302 using fasteners 1110, such as bolts, wherein an outer surface 1112 of the flange is flush with or recessed relative to a side surface of bracket 1302. The locking member also includes an insert portion 1114, the insert portion 114 extending inboard from the flange 1106 and abutting a recess 1118 formed in the outer periphery of the carrier. In one embodiment, the insert 1114 may be configured as a pin. The link structure 3320 may include an elongated circumferential recess 116 formed adjacent to an inner periphery of the link structure, with a slot 1120 defined between the link structure and the bracket. After the link structure 3320 is threaded onto the bracket 1320, the locking member 1100 is releasably coupled to the bracket 1320 with the insert 1114 disposed in the recess 1116 or the slot 1120. The link structure 3320 may thereafter be rotated slightly relative to the carrier 1320, but the insert portion 1114 may then engage the link structure, e.g., with one or the other of the recessed end surfaces 1122, 1124, preventing the link structure 3320 from being threadably disengaged from the outer periphery of the link carrier 1302. Width W of insertion portion 1114_IPAnd length L of recess 1116_RRelative size (i.e., W)_IP≤L_R) Allowing some variation in the alignment of the insert in the slot due to manufacturing tolerances and also allowing the link structure to unscrew a small amount before the recessed end faces 1122, 1124 contact or engage the insert 114 or pin. This movement and engagement can indicate to the user that the link structure 3320 has loosened if the locking member has not been removed.

Referring to fig. 2, 8 and 9, the link carrier 302 includes an annular cavity 354, the annular cavity 354 being disposed radially between the inner periphery 307 and the outer periphery 306 of the link carrier 302 on the carrier outer side. A power meter device 360 is disposed within the annular cavity 354 and coupled to the carrier 302. The power meter device 360 is configured to determine the power transmitted between the inner periphery 307 and the outer periphery 306 of the chainring carrier 302. Various embodiments and components of suitable power meter devices are disclosed in U.S. patent publication 2017/0292879, which is hereby incorporated by reference. In one embodiment, the power meter device 360 includes a plurality of strain gauges 260 attached to the bottom surface 233 of the annular cavity 354. The strain gauges 260 are spaced apart by openings 231 in the bottom surface 233 of the annular cavity 354. However, it should be understood that the chainring carrier 302 may be used on a bicycle without any coupled power meter device, wherein the carrier 302 is threadedly engaged with the chainring structures 320, 1320, 2320 as disclosed herein.

The strain gauge device may be physically integrated with the operating circuitry of the bicycle dynamometer. Physically integrating the strain measurement device and the operational circuit structure may enable the construction and/or precise positioning of power meter components to be achieved in a less expensive and/or less resource intensive manner. The strain measurement device may be directly attached to a physical structure containing power meter operating circuitry, such as a printed circuit board ("PCB") substrate, thereby coupling the strain measurement device and the power meter circuitry into a single power meter PCB assembly. Additionally, fixedly attaching the strain measurement device to the PCB such that the position of the strain measurement device in the plane of the PCB substrate is fixed relative to other components of the PCB assembly may make it easier to align and/or position the strain measurement device. For example, the alignment of the strain measurement device may be established based on the alignment of features of the PCB, which may be features of the PCB substrate and/or other PCB components.

The power meter device 360 may be integrated with a body, such as the link bracket 302, and may include one or more strain measurement devices 260 (such as strain gauges) arranged in a generally annular or circumferential pattern around the body. The strain gauge 260 is connected to circuitry and/or other sensors to generate power information that may be transmitted to another bicycle component or an external device for further processing and/or display. Alternatively, the power meter device may be coupled directly with the link assembly, for example, without the use of a link bracket.

The power meter device 360 may include an annular printed circuit board ("PCB"), with the strain measurement device attached directly to the PCB. For example, the strain measurement device may be a resistive strain gauge, which is generally planar and/or laminar in configuration, with one or more patterned conductive metal layers formed on a non-electrical substrate, film, paper or other material. The conductive metal pattern or patterns may be formed from a variety of metal configurations, including foils and/or wires. The conductive metal pattern or patterns may be formed of any metal or metal alloy. For example, copper or a copper alloy such as constantan (constantan) may be used. The planar strain measurement apparatus may also include an electrical contact connection surface configured for connection to circuitry of the PCB.

The PCB has a substrate to which components of the PCB are applied and/or affixed. The substrate may form the structure and/or shape of the PCB. The substrate may be any substance operable to form an underlying attachment of the PCB components. For example, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, sapphire, germanium, gallium arsenide ("GaAs"), alloys of silicon and germanium, or indium phosphide ("InP") may be used. The substrate may be rigid or flexible. In an embodiment, the substrate forms an annular rigid ring. The rigid ring may be a continuous piece of substrate material. In an embodiment, the substrate ring has an inner diameter and an outer diameter defining a range of substrates therebetween.

The connection to the circuitry of the PCB may be accomplished using any technique. In an embodiment, the connection is achieved by applying a layer of a conductive medium, such as solder, between the electrical contact connection surface of the planar strain measurement device and the contact connection surface of the PCB, which provides electrical communication contact with other electronic components connected to the PCB, such as a processor, memory, other sensors and/or other electronic or electrical devices. Such connection may be made directly without the use of intermediate conductive connectors, such as elongated electrical leads, wires, or other devices. For example, the conductive medium may be bounded on opposite sides by electrical contact connection surfaces of the PCB and the strain measurement device. In this example, the electrical contact connection surfaces of the PCB and the strain measurement device may be substantially parallel and fixed relative to each other by a conductive medium. Additionally, as described above, the connection may provide for fixedly attaching the strain measurement device to the PCB substrate such that the strain measurement device is secure and immovable in a radial plane of the PCB substrate relative to other features and/or components of the PCB. As described herein, a PCB may be attached to a body of a drive train to form a power meter.

Fig. 2 to 4 and 7 to 12 show a body with an integrated power meter device 360, here embodied as a link carrier 302. The chainring carrier 302 may be made of any material operable to transfer torque and resulting power between the torque input 225 and the torque output 222. For example, an aluminum alloy may be used. The crank arm 75 is shown attached to the chainring bracket 320. The crank arm 75 has a pedal attachment 102 to which the pedal 76 is attachable so that a cyclist can input a pedaling force to the bicycle drive train. These pedaling forces result in a torque that causes the crank arm 75 and the attached chain ring bracket 302 to rotate about the crank or rotational axis 2. The crank arm 75 has spindle attachment features 108 for attachment to spindles that connect crank arms and pedal assemblies disposed on opposite sides of the bicycle to facilitate pedaling with both feet of a cyclist. The main shaft attachment feature may be any feature operable to transmit torque, such as a spline interface. As such, torque from either crank arm 75 may be transferred to the chainring bracket 302 through the attachment of the crank arm 75 to the chainring bracket. The crank arms 75 may be attached to the chain ring brackets 302 using any technique operable to transmit torque between the crank arms 75 and the torque inputs 225 of the chain ring brackets 302. The torque input 225 includes a plurality of torque transmission features, such as mating features 131, extending radially inward from an inner periphery 307 of the body.

In embodiments, crank arm 75 is connected as described in U.S. patent application publication 2015/0082939 and/or U.S. patent publication 2017/0292879, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.

For example, as shown in fig. 12, the crank arm 75 and the chainring bracket 302 may be attached using corresponding features and using different torque transmitting connections (such as using bolted connections). In this example, the chainring carrier 302 is sized and shaped to be coupled to the crank arm 75. The first mating feature 131 is formed on one of the crank arm 75 and the chainring bracket 302, while the second mating feature 132 is formed on the other of the crank arm 75 and the chainring bracket 302 to locate the chainring bracket on the crank arm. When the first mating feature 131 is mated with the second mating feature 132, a gap is defined between the first mating feature 131 and the second mating feature 132. Torque transmitting couplings 130, such as through bolted connections including bolts 141, are formed on the crank arm 75 and the chainring bracket 302 and are configured to transmit substantially all of the torque applied to the chainring bracket 302 from the crank arm 75.

A power meter cover 202 is provided to protect other power meter components mounted inside and/or on the main body, such as the PCB assembly described with reference to fig. 2, 3 and 7-13. The power meter cover 202 may be constructed of any material operable for protecting the internal components of the power meter 200. For example, an aluminum alloy may be used. In an embodiment, the power meter device 360 may transmit signals wirelessly, and the power meter cover 202 may be made of a radio frequency ("RF") transparent material such as polycarbonate or other material. The power meter cover 202 may be attached to the body, in this embodiment, to the link bracket 302, using any technique. For example, the power meter cover 202 may be attached using an adhesive. The power supply housing 204 is also provided to both secure and protect the power supply for the power meter device 360. In an embodiment, the power supply housing 204 includes a removable power supply cover 205 to provide access to the power supply. Torque output 222 is shown on chainring carrier 302. In the illustrated embodiment, a torque output member attachment feature 224 is provided in the torque output portion 222, the torque output member attachment feature 224 including peripheral threads 304 and an interface between a stop surface 310 of the shoulder and a face of the chain ring that transmits torque from the carrier to the chain ring.

The chain ring bracket 302 includes a strain measurement portion 230, and the strain measurement portion 230 may include one or more strain measurement features 232. Strain measurement features 232 are formed in the chain ring carrier 302 for positioning strain measurement devices to detect and/or quantify mechanical deformation of the chain ring carrier 302 due to torque applied between the torque input 225 and the torque output 222. For example, the strain gauge 260 and the feature 232 may be spaced apart by an opening 231 formed in the bottom surface 233 of the annular cavity 230. The strain measurement device 260 may be a resistive strain gauge attached to the strain measurement feature 232.

As shown in fig. 2, 8, and 9, link bracket 302 includes a cavity 354, cavity 354 configured for mounting PCB assembly 250 and/or other components of power meter device 360. The cavity 354 may include an alignment feature 209, the alignment feature 209 corresponding to a substrate alignment feature 254 formed in a substrate 252 of the PCB assembly 250. The power supply components are not visible in the view and the PCB assembly 250 can be properly aligned with the link bracket 302 by the interrelationship of these alignment features 254,209. Other alignment features may also be used and/or formed in the PCB substrate 252.

PCB assembly 250 also includes a plurality of strain measurement devices 260 attached to substrate 252 and/or other portions of PCB assembly 250. The strain measurement device 260 is configured to provide a signal indicative of strain in the attached body. This signal can be interpreted and acted upon by the circuit 28 of the power meter shown schematically in fig. 13. The circuitry 28 may be configured to interpret the signal indicative of strain and calculate a corresponding mechanical power transmitted through the attached body.

In the illustrated embodiment, the strain measurement device 260 is attached to a strain measurement device attachment feature 258 formed in the substrate 252.

In the illustrated embodiment, the strain gauge attachment feature 258 forms a void or void. The void may provide access to the strain gauge 260 in an axial direction of the PCB assembly 250 (such as along the direction of the axis of rotation 2). The channel may be used when mounting the PCB assembly 250 into a body, such as the link bracket 302. For example, to create a good attachment of the strain gauge 260, a clamp may be used to attach to the body during the curing process. As shown, the strain measurement device attachment feature 258 is configured to enable attachment of the strain measurement device 260 such that the strain measurement device does not protrude beyond the inner diameter 251 of the substrate 252. This configuration may provide a maximized surface area of substrate 252 that may be used to implement the circuit, but provides a minimized total surface area of the PCB assembly, particularly when implementing an annular substrate, wherein such a configuration may optimize and/or minimize the radial extent of PCB assembly mounting. Additionally, a plurality of strain gauge attachment features 258 may be disposed circumferentially spaced about the axis of rotation 2.

As shown, a strain measurement device 260 is attached at the radially inner edge of the base plate 252. Alternatively, the strain gauge 260 may be attached at the radially outer edge of the base plate 252, or between the radially inner and outer edges of the base plate 252.

The power supply for the power meter 200 is attached both physically and electrically using contact structures and metal screws. As shown, alignment feature 209 also allows for the use of a metal screw to attach a power supply for power meter 200. Alignment features may also be provided without facilitating attachment of a power source.

PCB assembly 250 includes circuitry 28. The circuitry 28 may include one or more processors 20 as well as other electrical and/or electronic components, as well as additional sensors 92 such as accelerometers. The circuitry may also include one or more antennas 290 as part of the communication interface 90. Additional or alternative alignment features 255, 256 for aligning the PCB assembly 250 with the body of the bicycle drive train may be formed in the substrate 252 of the PCB. For example, one or more notches 255 may be cut into the inner and/or outer edges of the substrate 252. The notch 255 may be configured to correspond to a necessary feature of the body to which the PCB assembly 250 is to be attached. Additionally, one or more holes 256 may be formed in the substrate 252, and an assembly tool or handler may use the holes 256 to specifically attach to the PCB assembly 250 in a particular orientation. The tool and/or handler may then align the body to which the PCB assembly is to be attached so that the PCB assembly 250 is properly aligned with the body. For example, the alignment features 256, 255, 254 may be used, individually or in combination, to align one or more strain measurement assemblies 260 to the body.

The substrate 252 is used to connect and/or provide a structure for the circuitry and attached components of the PCB assembly 250. The substrate 252 may be flexible or rigid. In an embodiment, substrate 252 is a rigid substrate that provides a durable foundation for PCB assembly 250. The substrate 252 is formed to provide a shape and other substance for the PCB assembly 250. For example, as shown, the substrate 252 is formed in an annular configuration and/or shape. This annular shape facilitates the mounting of PCB assembly 250 about the torque input portion of the body.

The at least one strain measurement device 260 may be attached to the PCB assembly 250 such that the at least one strain measurement device 260 is fixed in the plane P of the PCB assembly 250 relative to at least one feature of the PCB assembly 250. For example, the strain measurement device 260 may be fixed relative to one or more of the alignment features 254, 255, 256 and/or components of the circuit 28 (such as the processor 20). Plane P may be a plane formed to include substrate 252. In the embodiment, the plane P is perpendicular to the rotation axis 2. The annular configuration of the substrate 252 and the rigid attachment of the strain measurement devices 260 as described above allows for multiple strain measurement devices 260 to be disposed around the annular shape and around the torque input portion. This annular configuration also enables the provision of a strain measuring device between the torque input and the torque output.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an exemplary power meter system 40 for a bicycle. The system 40 can be used solely to communicate with and/or control bicycle components or other devices. System 40 includes circuitry 28, circuitry 28 including at least one processor 20 and memory 10. In the illustrated embodiment, the circuit 28 also includes a user interface 82, a strain detection device interface 80, and a communication interface 90. The circuit 28 may also include component connectors and/or electrical connection material embedded in the substrate material. The system further includes at least one strain detection device 260 in communication with the strain detection device communication interface 80. Additional, different, or fewer components are possible for the power meter system 40. For example, the user interface 82 may not be included in the circuitry 28 and/or the power meter system. In addition, these components may be combined. In an embodiment, the power meter system is integrated with a component of a powertrain of a bicycle (such as a chainring or chainring carrier), for example, as described with respect to fig. 2, 3, and 7-11.

The processor 20 may include a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), an analog circuit, a digital circuit, combinations thereof or other devices now known or later developed. A processor may be a single device or a combination of devices (such as through shared or parallel processing).

The circuit 28 is operable to interpret signals indicative of strain from one or more of the strain detection devices 260 due to deformation of the attachment body and determine a corresponding power transmitted between the torque input and the torque output. For example, a signal may be communicated from the strain detection device 260 to the processor 20, and the processor 20 may apply a conversion technique of strain to power transmitted across the body over a period of time. Such a conversion technique may involve using known material properties of the body (such as the modulus of elasticity of the body) and a known geometry of the body. The force values that cause the amount of strain measurable by the strain sensing device 260 may be known from these or other characteristics of the power meter system. For example, these values or indications of these values may be stored on the memory 10. Processor 20 may match the measured strain values to these values to determine the input force and the resulting power transmitted by the body of the drive train over time.

The memory 10 may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory. Memory 10 may include one or more of Read Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), flash memory, Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), or other types of memory. The memory 10, such as a Secure Digital (SD) memory card, is removable from the power meter system 40. In certain non-limiting example embodiments, the computer-readable medium may include a solid-state memory such as a memory card or other package that houses one or more non-volatile read-only memories. Additionally, the computer readable medium may be a random access memory or other volatile rewritable memory. Additionally, the computer readable medium may include magneto-optical or optical media such as disks or tapes or other storage devices. Accordingly, the disclosure is considered to include any one or more of a computer-readable medium and other equivalents and successor media, in which data or instructions may be stored.

The memory 10 is a non-transitory computer readable medium and is described as a single medium. The term "computer-readable medium" however, includes a single medium or multiple media (such as a centralized or distributed storage structure) and/or associated caches that are operable to store one or more sets of instructions and other data. The term "computer-readable medium" shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions for execution by a processor or that cause a computer system to perform any one or more of the methodologies or operations disclosed herein.

In alternative embodiments, dedicated hardware implementations, such as application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic arrays and other hardware devices, can be constructed to implement one or more of the methodologies described herein. Applications that may include the apparatus and systems of various embodiments may broadly include a variety of electronic and computer systems. One or more embodiments described herein may implement functions using two or more specific interconnected hardware modules or devices with related control and data signals that may be communicated between and through the modules, or as portions of an application-specific integrated circuit. Accordingly, the present system encompasses software, firmware, and hardware implementations.

The power supply 84 is a portable power supply. The power source may involve, for example, the use of a mechanical generator, a fuel cell device, a photovoltaic cell, or other power generation device to generate electrical power. The power source may include a battery (e.g., a device consisting of two or more electrochemical cells) that converts stored chemical energy into electrical energy. The power source 84 may include a combination of batteries or other power supply devices. A specific assembled or configured battery type or standard battery type such as CR2012, CR2016, and/or CR 2032 may be used.

The communication interface 90 provides data and/or signal communication from the power meter system 40 to another component of the bicycle or an external device, such as a mobile phone or other computing device. Communication interface 90 communicates data using any operable connection. An operable connection may be one in which signals, physical communications, and/or logical communications may be sent and/or received. The operable connection may include a physical interface, an electrical interface, and/or a data interface. Communication interface 90 may be configured to communicate wirelessly as it includes one or more antennas. Communication interface 90 provides for wireless communication in any now known or later developed format. Although this specification describes components and functions that may be implemented in particular embodiments with reference to particular standards and protocols, the present invention is not limited to such components and functionsAlthough it is not limited to these standards and protocols. For example, standards sent over the Internet and other packet-switched networks (e.g., TCP/IP, UDP/IP, HTML, HTTP, HTTPS) represent examples of the prior art. Such standards are periodically superseded by faster or more effective equivalents that are essentially functionally identical. May also or alternatively be usedAnd/or ANT +^TMAnd (4) standard. Accordingly, replacement standards and protocols having the same or similar functions as those disclosed herein are considered equivalents. In an embodiment, the communication interface 90 may be configured to transmit a signal indicative of the power determined by the determined strain of the subject. Additionally, the determined power may be transmitted wirelessly.

The strain detection device interface 80 provides data and/or signal communication from the one or more strain detection devices 260 to the power meter circuitry 28. The interface 80 communicates using wired and/or wireless communication techniques. For example, the interface 80 communicates with the strain detection device 260 using a system bus or other communication technique. The strain detection device 260 may include additional electrical and/or electronic components, such as additional processors and/or memories, for detecting, communicating, and/or otherwise processing signals of the strain detection device 260.

The user interface 82 may be one or more buttons, a keypad, a keyboard, a mouse, a stylus, a trackball, a rocker switch, a touch pad, voice recognition circuitry, or other devices or components for communicating data between a user and the power meter system 40. The user interface 82 may be a touch screen, which may be capacitive or resistive. The user interface 82 may include a liquid crystal display ("LCD") panel, a light emitting diode ("LED"), an LED screen, a thin film transistor screen, or another type of display. The user interface 82 may also include audio capabilities or speakers.

In an embodiment, the user interface 82 includes an LED indicator. The LED indicator emits light indicating the input of a command or other action of the power meter system.

The communication interface 90 is configured to send and/or receive data (such as control signals and/or commands) to bicycle components (such as to and/or from the front shift lever 30 and/or the shifting unit 26). Component communication interface 90 uses any operable connection to communicate data. An operable connection may be one in which signals, physical communications, and/or logical communications may be sent and/or received. The operable connection may include a physical interface, an electrical interface, and/or a data interface. Communication interface 90 provides for wireless communication in any now known or later developed format. Although this specification describes components and functions that may be implemented in particular embodiments with reference to particular standards and protocols, the present invention is not limited to these standards and protocols. For example, standards sent over the Internet and other packet-switched networks (e.g., TCP/IP, UDP/IP, HTML, HTTP, HTTPS) represent examples of the prior art. Such standards are periodically superseded by faster or more effective equivalents that are essentially functionally identical. Accordingly, replacement standards and protocols having the same or similar functions as those disclosed herein are considered equivalents.

In accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure, the methods described herein may be implemented in a software program executable by a computer system, such as circuitry 28. Additionally, in exemplary non-limiting embodiments, implementations may include distributed processing, component/object distributed processing, and parallel processing. Alternatively, the virtual computer system process may be configured to implement one or more of the methods or functions as described herein.

A computer program (also known as a program, software application, script, or code) can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computer program does not necessarily correspond to a file in a file system. A program can be stored in a portion of a file that holds other programs or data (e.g., one or more scripts stored in a markup language document), in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or in multiple coordinated files (e.g., storing one or more modules, sub-programs, or portions of code). A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers that are located at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network.

The processes and logic flows described in this specification can be performed by one or more programmable processors executing one or more computer programs to perform functions by operating on input data and generating output. The processes and logic flows can also be performed by, and apparatus can also be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit).

As used in this application, the term "circuit" or "circuitry" refers to all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in analog and/or digital circuitry only), and (b) combinations of circuitry and software (and/or firmware), such as (where applicable): (i) a combination of processors, or (ii) processors/software (including digital signal processors, software, and memory that work together to cause a device, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and (c) circuitry, such as a microprocessor or part of a microprocessor, that requires software or firmware for operation, even if the software or firmware is not physically present.

This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this patent application, including in any claims. As other examples, as used in this application, the term "circuitry" would also encompass an implementation of merely a processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a processor and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware, as well as other electronic components. The term "circuitry" would also cover (e.g., if applicable to the particular claim element) a baseband integrated circuit or applications processor integrated circuit for a mobile computing device or the like in a server, a cellular network device, or other network device.

Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory or a random access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor for executing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer will also include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transfer data to, or both, a mass storage device for storing data, e.g., magnetic, magneto-optical disks, or optical disks. However, a computer does not necessarily have these devices. Further, the computer may be embedded in another device, such as a mobile telephone, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a mobile audio player, a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, or a power meter system 40, to name a few. Computer-readable media suitable for storing computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, media and memory devices, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks; magneto-optical disks; CD ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor and the memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purpose logic circuitry.

The illustrations of the embodiments described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of the various embodiments. The illustrations are not intended to serve as a complete description of all of the elements and features of apparatus and systems that utilize the structures or methods described herein. Numerous other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of this disclosure. Other embodiments may be utilized and derived therefrom, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Additionally, these illustrations are merely representative and may not be drawn to scale. Certain proportions within the illustrations may be exaggerated, while other proportions may be minimized. Accordingly, the disclosure and the figures are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.

While this specification contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular embodiments of the invention. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination. Furthermore, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be practiced with that combination and a claimed combination can be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.

Similarly, while operations and/or actions are depicted in the drawings and described herein in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain situations, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the implementations described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all implementations, and it should be understood that any of the described program components and systems can be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products.

The use of the term "present invention" alone and/or in concert with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is provided for convenience only and is not intended to voluntarily limit the scope of this application to any particular invention or inventive concept. Moreover, although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that any subsequent arrangement designed to achieve the same or similar purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all subsequent adaptations or variations of various embodiments. Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the description.

The abstract of the disclosure is provided and is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the foregoing detailed description, various features may be grouped together or described in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that: the claimed embodiments require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter may be directed to less than all of the features of any of the disclosed embodiments. Thus the following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as defining separately claimed subject matter.

It is intended that the foregoing detailed description be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting, and that it be understood that it is the following claims, including all equivalents, that are intended to define the scope of this invention. The claims should not be read as limited to the described order or elements unless stated to that effect. Therefore, all embodiments that come within the scope and spirit of the following claims and equivalents thereto are intended to be protected by the present invention.

Although the embodiments have been described for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. Accordingly, the foregoing description is intended to be illustrative rather than limiting, and it is to be understood that all equivalents and/or combinations of the embodiments and examples are intended to be included in this description.

Although certain parts, components, features, and methods of operation and use have been described herein in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure, the scope of coverage of this patent is not limited thereto. On the contrary, this patent covers all embodiments of the teachings of the disclosure that fairly fall within the scope of permissible equivalents.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This patent application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application No.16/828,500, filed 24/3/2020, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.