阅读说明：本技术 一种钨管外表面的高效电化学抛光装置及方法 (Efficient electrochemical polishing device and method for outer surface of tungsten tube ) 是由 陈远龙 李回归 陈培譞 李致樯 刘金洋 于 2021-08-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出了一种钨管外表面的高效电化学抛光装置及电化学抛光方法,其方法包括以下步骤：S1、预处理：清洗待抛光钨管去除其表面杂质,干燥待抛光钨管；S2、电化学抛光：提供一筒体,将待抛光钨管插入筒体内并使待抛光钨管的中轴线与筒体的中轴线重合或平行,使待抛光钨管的中轴线竖直布置,向筒体内通入电解液直至筒体内充满电解液；使待抛光钨管的中轴线水平布置,待抛光钨管、筒体分别与电源正极、负极连接,同时向筒体内循环导入电解液,静置；使待抛光钨管的中轴线竖直布置,停止导入电解液,打开筒体排气,静置,抛光结束后断开电源,取出钨管；S3、后处理：清洗钨管并干燥。本发明实现钨管的高效抛光,有效提高抛光效率,且抛光质量极佳。(The invention provides a high-efficiency electrochemical polishing device and an electrochemical polishing method for the outer surface of a tungsten tube, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1, preprocessing: cleaning the tungsten tube to be polished to remove impurities on the surface of the tungsten tube, and drying the tungsten tube to be polished; s2, electrochemical polishing: providing a cylinder, inserting a tungsten tube to be polished into the cylinder, enabling the central axis of the tungsten tube to be polished to be coincident with or parallel to the central axis of the cylinder, enabling the central axis of the tungsten tube to be polished to be vertically arranged, and introducing electrolyte into the cylinder until the cylinder is filled with the electrolyte; horizontally arranging the central axis of the tungsten tube to be polished, respectively connecting the tungsten tube to be polished and the cylinder with the anode and the cathode of a power supply, circularly introducing electrolyte into the cylinder, and standing; vertically arranging the central axis of the tungsten tube to be polished, stopping introducing electrolyte, opening the cylinder body for exhausting, standing, cutting off a power supply after polishing is finished, and taking out the tungsten tube; s3, post-processing: the tungsten tube was cleaned and dried. The invention realizes the high-efficiency polishing of the tungsten tube, effectively improves the polishing efficiency and has excellent polishing quality.)

1. A high-efficiency electrochemical polishing method for the outer surface of a tungsten tube is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, preprocessing: cleaning the tungsten tube to be polished to remove impurities on the surface of the tungsten tube, and drying the tungsten tube to be polished;

s2, electrochemical polishing: providing a cylinder, inserting a tungsten tube to be polished into the cylinder, enabling the central axis of the tungsten tube to be polished to be coincident with or parallel to the central axis of the cylinder, enabling the central axis of the tungsten tube to be polished to be vertically arranged, and introducing electrolyte into the cylinder until the cylinder is filled with the electrolyte; horizontally arranging the central axis of the tungsten tube to be polished, respectively connecting the tungsten tube to be polished and the cylinder with the anode and the cathode of a power supply, circularly introducing electrolyte into the cylinder, and standing; vertically arranging the central axis of the tungsten tube to be polished, stopping introducing electrolyte, opening the cylinder body for exhausting, standing, cutting off a power supply after polishing is finished, and taking out the tungsten tube;

s3, post-processing: the tungsten tube was cleaned and dried.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the temperature of the electrolyte is 20-40 ℃, the flow rate of the electrolyte is 0.5-5m/min, and the current density is 12000A/m²。

3. The efficient electrochemical polishing device for the outer surface of the tungsten tube is characterized by comprising a cathode conductive cylinder (1), a conductive piece and a clamp; the cathode conductive cylinder (1) is hollow and has openings at two ends, the openings at two ends of the cathode conductive cylinder (1) are respectively provided with a liquid inlet end cover (2) and a liquid outlet end cover (3) which are used for sealing the cathode conductive cylinder (1) in a matching way, a liquid inlet pipe (16) communicated with the cathode conductive cylinder (1) is arranged on the liquid inlet end cover (2), a first jack is arranged on the liquid inlet end cover (2), a liquid outlet pipe (17) communicated with the cathode conductive cylinder (1) is arranged on the liquid outlet end cover (3), a second jack is arranged on the liquid outlet end cover (3), the central axis of the first jack is superposed with the central axis of the second jack, a pipe fitting (a) to be polished is arranged in the cathode conductive cylinder (1), two ends of the pipe fitting (a) to be polished respectively penetrate through the first jack and the second jack to extend out of the cathode conductive cylinder (1), and a conductive piece is arranged in the pipe fitting (a) to be polished; the fixture is used for fixing the cathode conductive cylinder (1) and driving the cathode conductive cylinder (1) to rotate.

4. The efficient electrochemical polishing device for the outer surface of the tungsten tube as claimed in claim 3, wherein the conductive member comprises two first conductive sheets (4), the two first conductive sheets (4) are oppositely arranged and are respectively pressed against the inner wall of the tube to be polished (a), the two first conductive sheets (4) are respectively connected with a first shaft (5) and a second shaft (6), the first shaft (5) is provided with a cavity, the second shaft (6) is inserted into the cavity and is in sliding fit with the first shaft (5), and an elastic member (7) connected with the second shaft (6) is arranged in the cavity; preferably, the first conducting strip (4) is of an arc structure, the outer side surface of the first conducting strip (4) is attached to the inner wall of the pipe fitting (a) to be polished, and red copper is adopted as the first conducting strip (4).

5. The efficient electrochemical polishing device for the outer surface of the tungsten tube as claimed in claim 3, wherein the clamp comprises a workbench (8), a servo motor (9) and a clamping ring, the servo motor (9) is mounted on the workbench (8), an output shaft of the servo motor (9) is connected with a rotating shaft (10) through a coupler (11), the rotating shaft (10) is connected with the clamping ring, the clamping ring is sleeved on the outer wall of the cathode conductive tube (1) and is in interference fit with the cathode conductive tube (1), and a second conducting strip attached to the outer wall of the cathode conductive tube is arranged on the inner wall of the clamping ring.

6. The efficient electrochemical polishing device for the outer surface of the tungsten tube as claimed in claim 5, wherein the clamping ring comprises a first clamping arm (12) and a second clamping arm (13), the first clamping arm (12) and the second clamping arm (13) are both arc-shaped, the first clamping arm (12) and the second clamping arm (13) are oppositely arranged and sleeved on the outer wall of the cathode conductive tube (1), both ends of the first clamping arm (12) are respectively connected with both ends of the second clamping arm (13) through bolts, and second conductive sheets attached to the outer wall of the cathode conductive tube are arranged on the inner walls of the first clamping arm (12) and the second clamping arm (13).

7. The efficient electrochemical polishing device for the outer surface of the tungsten tube as claimed in claim 6, wherein the cathode conductive tube (1), the first clamping arm (12) and the second clamping arm (13) are all conductive, the positions of the cathode conductive tube (1) except the contact positions with the first clamping arm (12) and the second clamping arm (13) are coated with an insulating layer, and the rotating shaft (10) is in threaded connection with the first clamping arm (12).

8. The efficient electrochemical polishing device for the outer surface of the tungsten tube as claimed in any one of claims 3-7, wherein the liquid inlet end cap (2) and the liquid outlet end cap (3) are both connected with the cathode conductive tube (1) through bolts, and the contact positions of the liquid inlet end cap (2) and the liquid outlet end cap (3) with the cathode conductive tube (1) are both provided with first sealing rings (14); preferably, the liquid outlet end cover (3) is also provided with an exhaust pipe (21).

9. The efficient electrochemical polishing device for the outer surface of the tungsten tube as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the central axis of the first insertion hole coincides with the central axis of the cathode conductive cylinder (1), the inner wall of the first insertion hole is provided with a first annular groove coaxial with the first insertion hole, and a second sealing ring (15) is assembled in the first annular groove; set up a plurality of first screw holes that use first jack to be the circumference and distribute as the center on feed liquor end cover (2), feed liquor pipe (16) are provided with a plurality ofly, and a plurality of feed liquor pipes (16) are a plurality of first screw hole screw-thread fit connection respectively, and feed liquor pipe (16) all are equipped with third sealing washer (18) with feed liquor end cover (2) junction.

10. The efficient electrochemical polishing device for the outer surface of the tungsten tube as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the central axis of the second insertion hole coincides with the central axis of the cathode conductive cylinder (1), the inner wall of the second insertion hole is provided with a second annular groove coaxial with the second insertion hole, and a fourth sealing ring (19) is assembled in the second annular groove; a plurality of second threaded holes which are circumferentially distributed by taking the second insertion holes as centers are formed in the liquid outlet end cover (3), a plurality of liquid outlet pipes (17) are arranged, the plurality of liquid outlet pipes (17) are in threaded fit connection with the plurality of second threaded holes respectively, and the joints of the liquid outlet pipes (17) and the liquid outlet end cover (3) are all provided with fifth sealing rings (20).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical polishing, in particular to a high-efficiency electrochemical polishing device and method for the outer surface of a tungsten tube.

Background

The tungsten tube is mainly applied to thermocouple protection tubes in high-temperature furnaces, supporting pieces in sapphire single crystal furnaces and high-temperature sintering furnaces and the like. The tungsten alloy has good radiation shielding effect, so the tungsten alloy tube can be used for shielding needle tubes in medical treatment; the engine used in rocket thruster is a jet engine which uses compressed high performance fuel, the temperature generated when the rocket is launched can reach thousands of degrees, the tungsten alloy tube is a metal material with extremely strong high temperature resistance, and is used in the lining part and the ignition tube part in the rocket engine. The roughness of the outer surface of tungsten and tungsten alloy influences the working condition and the service life of tungsten pipe parts.

The electrochemical polishing of the tungsten tube aims at flattening the surface of the tungsten tube and prolonging the service life of parts of the tungsten tube so as to meet the working requirements of more precise industries, and the applied electric field plays a key role in electrolysis. To make the most advantageous use of the applied electric field, and different voltages or currents, result in different current densities and thus different polishing effects and efficiencies. At present, most of tungsten tubes are directly put into an electrolyte tank for integral polishing by tungsten tube polishing equipment, so that the polishing degrees of different positions of the tungsten tubes are different greatly, the polishing effect is poor, the polishing time is long, the polishing efficiency is low, and short circuit can be caused by improper clamping of the tungsten tubes.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a high-efficiency electrochemical polishing device and method for the outer surface of a tungsten tube.

The invention provides a high-efficiency electrochemical polishing method for the outer surface of a tungsten tube, which comprises the following steps:

s1, preprocessing: cleaning the tungsten tube to be polished to remove impurities on the surface of the tungsten tube, and drying the tungsten tube to be polished;

s2, electrochemical polishing: providing a cylinder, inserting a tungsten tube to be polished into the cylinder, enabling the central axis of the tungsten tube to be polished to be coincident with or parallel to the central axis of the cylinder, enabling the central axis of the tungsten tube to be polished to be vertically arranged, and introducing electrolyte into the cylinder until the cylinder is filled with the electrolyte; horizontally arranging the central axis of the tungsten tube to be polished, respectively connecting the tungsten tube to be polished and the cylinder with the anode and the cathode of a power supply, circularly introducing electrolyte into the cylinder, and standing; vertically arranging the central axis of the tungsten tube to be polished, stopping introducing electrolyte, opening the cylinder body for exhausting, standing, cutting off a power supply after polishing is finished, and taking out the tungsten tube;

s3, post-processing: the tungsten tube was cleaned and dried.

Preferably, in step S2, the temperature of the electrolyte is 20-40 ℃, the flow rate of the electrolyte is 0.5-5m/min, and the current density is 12000A/m²。

The invention also provides a high-efficiency electrochemical polishing device for the outer surface of the tungsten tube, which comprises a cathode conductive cylinder, a conductive piece and a clamp; the cathode conductive cylinder is hollow and has openings at two ends, the openings at two ends of the cathode conductive cylinder are respectively provided with a liquid inlet end cover and a liquid outlet end cover which are used for sealing the cathode conductive cylinder in a matching way, a liquid inlet pipe communicated with the cathode conductive cylinder is arranged on the liquid inlet end cover, a first jack is arranged on the liquid inlet end cover, a liquid outlet pipe communicated with the cathode conductive cylinder is arranged on the liquid outlet end cover, a second jack is arranged on the liquid outlet end cover, the central axis of the first jack is superposed with the central axis of the second jack, a pipe fitting to be polished is arranged in the cathode conductive cylinder, two ends of the pipe fitting to be polished respectively penetrate through the first jack and the second jack and extend out of the cathode conductive cylinder, and a conductive piece is arranged in the pipe fitting to be polished; the clamp is used for fixing the cathode conductive cylinder and driving the cathode conductive cylinder to rotate.

Preferably, the conductive piece comprises two first conductive pieces, the two first conductive pieces are oppositely arranged and are respectively pressed against the inner wall of the pipe fitting to be polished, the two first conductive pieces are respectively connected with a first shaft and a second shaft, the first shaft is provided with a cavity, the second shaft is inserted into the cavity and is in sliding fit with the first shaft, and an elastic piece connected with the second shaft is arranged in the cavity; preferably, the first conducting strip has an arc-shaped structure, the outer side surface of the first conducting strip is attached to the inner wall of the pipe fitting to be polished, and the first conducting strip is made of red copper.

Preferably, the clamp comprises a workbench, a servo motor and a clamping ring, the servo motor is installed on the workbench, an output shaft of the servo motor is connected with a rotating shaft through a coupler, the rotating shaft is connected with the clamping ring, and the clamping ring is sleeved on the outer wall of the cathode conductive cylinder and is in interference fit with the cathode conductive cylinder.

Preferably, the clamping ring comprises a first clamping arm and a second clamping arm, the first clamping arm and the second clamping arm are both arc-shaped, the first clamping arm and the second clamping arm are oppositely arranged and sleeved on the outer wall of the cathode conductive cylinder, and two ends of the first clamping arm are connected with two ends of the second clamping arm respectively through bolts.

Preferably, the cathode conductive cylinder, the first clamping arm and the second clamping arm are all conductive, insulating layers are coated at the contact positions of the cathode conductive cylinder, except the contact positions of the cathode conductive cylinder and the first clamping arm and the contact positions of the cathode conductive cylinder and the second clamping arm, and the rotating shaft is in threaded connection with the first clamping arm.

Preferably, the liquid inlet end cover and the liquid outlet end cover are both connected with the cathode conductive cylinder through bolts, and the contact positions of the liquid inlet end cover and the liquid outlet end cover with the cathode conductive cylinder are all provided with first sealing rings; preferably, the liquid outlet end cover is also provided with an exhaust pipe.

Preferably, the central axis of the first jack is superposed with the central axis of the cathode conductive cylinder, a first annular groove coaxial with the first jack is formed in the inner wall of the first jack, and a second sealing ring is assembled in the first annular groove; set up a plurality of first screw holes that use first jack to be the circumference and distribute as the center on the feed liquor end cover, the feed liquor pipe is provided with a plurality ofly, and a plurality of feed liquor pipes are a plurality of first screw hole screw-thread fit connection respectively, and feed liquor pipe and feed liquor end cover junction all are equipped with the third sealing washer.

Preferably, the central axis of the second jack is superposed with the central axis of the cathode conductive cylinder, a second annular groove coaxial with the second jack is formed in the inner wall of the second jack, and a fourth sealing ring is assembled in the second annular groove; the liquid outlet end cover is provided with a plurality of second threaded holes which are circumferentially distributed by taking the second insertion holes as centers, the liquid outlet pipes are arranged in a plurality of numbers, the liquid outlet pipes are respectively in threaded fit connection with the second threaded holes, and the joints of the liquid outlet pipes and the liquid outlet end cover are all provided with fifth sealing rings.

The invention provides a high-efficiency electrochemical polishing method for the outer surface of a tungsten tube, which adopts a polishing method combining 'dynamic and static liquids', namely, the outer surface of the tungsten tube is firstly placed in flowing polishing liquid for polishing for a period of time, so that the removal of metal ions on the outer surface of the tungsten tube can be accelerated, and the polishing speed is increased; however, the electrolyte flowing in the polishing process can cause the defect of flow marks on the microscopic surface of the metal, so that the surface roughness of the metal is poor, and the flow marks generated by the polishing of the moving liquid are removed when the flow of the electrolyte is blocked to enable the tungsten tube to be in a static electrolyte for polishing for a section, so that the roughness of the metal surface is good; the polishing method combining 'dynamic liquid and static liquid' is adopted, so that the polishing quality can be ensured, the polishing efficiency can be effectively improved, and the polishing time can be shortened.

In the electrochemical polishing method, the cathode conductive cylinder is vertical in the static liquid polishing stage, because a large amount of hydrogen is generated in the polishing process, and if the cathode conductive cylinder is in a horizontal state, generated hydrogen bubbles are adsorbed on the outer surface of the tungsten tube, so that the polishing quality is seriously influenced. The cathode conductive cylinder is in a vertical state, the hydrogen bubbles can float to the upper end under the action of buoyancy, and the hydrogen can be discharged after the hydrogen exhaust port is opened. In the dynamic liquid polishing stage, the generated hydrogen bubbles can be directly taken away because the polishing liquid has a certain flow velocity.

The electrochemical polishing device is provided with the plurality of liquid inlet pipes and the plurality of liquid outlet pipes on the circumference, so that the flow velocity of the polishing liquid on the outer surface of the tungsten pipe can be ensured to be uniform, and the polishing effect of the outer surface of the tungsten pipe in the dynamic liquid polishing stage is more consistent.

The electrochemical polishing device provided by the invention has the advantages that the cathode conductive cylinder is designed as the cathode and is coaxially arranged with the tungsten tube, so that the polishing effect of the tungsten tube is relatively consistent, the corresponding area is enlarged, the current density on the surface of the tungsten tube is increased, and the polishing efficiency is improved.

The electrochemical polishing device can adjust parameters of electrochemical polishing such as processing voltage, current density and electrolyte pressure, can effectively shorten the test period and has low cost.

The conductive piece on the inner wall of the circular tube, which is innovatively designed by the electrochemical polishing device, can increase the conductive contact area and is conductive in surface contact; the conductive piece can adapt to the conduction of inner circles of tungsten tubes with different inner diameters.

The electrochemical polishing device can adjust the pressure and flow of the electrolyte by adjusting the opening size of the gate valve in the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe, and can adjust the processing voltage or current density by setting the output mode of the processing power supply to be a constant current mode or a constant current mode and setting a corresponding voltage value or current value.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for electrochemical polishing of the outer surface of a tungsten tube according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the high-efficiency electrochemical polishing apparatus for the outer surface of a tungsten tube according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a conductive member in an efficient electrochemical polishing apparatus for the outer surface of a tungsten tube according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the conductive member of the apparatus for electrochemical polishing of the outer surface of a tungsten tube according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an assembly diagram of a liquid inlet end cap and a cathode conductive cylinder in the efficient electrochemical polishing device for the outer surface of a tungsten tube according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an assembly diagram of a liquid outlet end cap and a cathode conductive cylinder in the efficient electrochemical polishing device for the outer surface of a tungsten tube, which is provided by the invention;

FIG. 7 is a diagram of an electrolyte circulation system in the method for efficiently electrochemically polishing the outer surface of a tungsten tube according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1-6, the present invention provides a high-efficiency electrochemical polishing apparatus for the outer surface of a tungsten tube, comprising a cathode conductive cylinder 1, a conductive member and a clamp; wherein:

the electrically conductive section of thick bamboo of negative pole 1 inside cavity and its both ends opening, the electrically conductive section of thick bamboo of negative pole 1 both ends opening cooperation is installed respectively and is carried out sealed feed liquor end cover 2 to it, go out liquid end cover 3, install on the feed liquor end cover 2 and seted up first jack on the feed liquor pipe 16 and the feed liquor end cover 2 of electrically conductive section of thick bamboo 1 intercommunication of negative pole, it has seted up the second jack on liquid end cover 3 to install the drain pipe 17 that communicates with the electrically conductive section of thick bamboo of negative pole 1 on the liquid end cover 3, the axis of first jack and the axis coincidence of second jack, treat that polishing pipe fitting an sets up in electrically conductive section of thick bamboo of negative pole 1 and treat that polishing pipe fitting an both ends pass first jack respectively, the second jack stretches out electrically conductive section of thick bamboo 1 outside of negative pole.

The conductive piece is installed in waiting to polish pipe fitting an, and the conductive piece includes two first conducting strips 4, and two first conducting strips 4 set up relatively and all support and press and wait to polish pipe fitting an inner wall, and two first conducting strips 4 are connected with primary shaft 5, secondary shaft 6 respectively, and the cavity has been seted up to primary shaft 5, and secondary shaft 6 inserts this cavity and with primary shaft 5 sliding fit, is provided with the elastic component 7 of being connected with secondary shaft 6 in the cavity. The first conducting strip 4 has an arc structure, the outer side surface of the first conducting strip 4 is attached to the inner wall of the pipe fitting a to be polished, and the first conducting strip 4 is made of red copper.

The fixture is used for fixing the cathode conductive cylinder 1 and driving the cathode conductive cylinder 1 to rotate. The fixture comprises a workbench 8, a servo motor 9 and a clamping ring, wherein the servo motor 9 is installed on the workbench 8, an output shaft of the servo motor 9 is connected with a rotating shaft 10 through a coupler 11, the rotating shaft 10 is connected with the clamping ring, and the clamping ring is sleeved on the outer wall of the cathode conductive cylinder 1 and is in interference fit with the cathode conductive cylinder 1.

The conductive piece of the embodiment can increase the conductive contact area and is conductive in surface contact; the conductive piece can adapt to the conduction of inner circles of tungsten tubes with different inner diameters. The pressure and the flow of the electrolyte can be adjusted by adjusting the opening sizes of the gate valves in the liquid inlet pipe 16 and the liquid outlet pipe 17; the processing voltage or current density can be adjusted by setting the output mode of the processing power supply connected with the cathode conductive cylinder 1 and the conductive piece to be constant current or constant current and setting corresponding voltage value or current value.

In this embodiment, the clamping ring includes a first clamping arm 12 and a second clamping arm 13, the first clamping arm 12 and the second clamping arm 13 are both arc-shaped, the first clamping arm 12 and the second clamping arm 13 are oppositely disposed and are sleeved on the outer wall of the cathode conductive barrel 1, and both ends of the first clamping arm 12 are respectively connected with both ends of the second clamping arm 13 through bolts. The cathode conductive cylinder 1, the first clamping arm 12 and the second clamping arm 13 are all conductive, insulating layers are coated at the contact positions of the cathode conductive cylinder 1 except the first clamping arm 12 and the second clamping arm 13, and the rotating shaft 10 is in threaded connection with the first clamping arm 12.

In the specific embodiment, the liquid inlet end cap 2 and the liquid outlet end cap 3 are both made of insulating materials, the liquid inlet end cap 2 and the liquid outlet end cap 3 are both connected with the cathode conductive cylinder 1 through bolts, and the contact positions of the liquid inlet end cap 2, the liquid outlet end cap 3 and the cathode conductive cylinder 1 are all provided with first sealing rings 14. An exhaust pipe 21 is further mounted on the liquid outlet end cover 3, and the exhaust pipe 21 is connected to the liquid outlet end cover 3 through threads and sealed through a sealing ring.

In a specific embodiment, a central axis of the first insertion hole coincides with a central axis of the cathode conductive cylinder 1, a first annular groove coaxial with the first insertion hole is formed in the inner wall of the first insertion hole, and a second sealing ring 15 is assembled in the first annular groove. Set up four first screw holes that use first jack to be circumference equidistance distribution as the center on the feed liquor end cover 2, feed liquor pipe 16 is provided with four, and four first screw hole screw-thread fit connections are distinguished to four feed liquor pipes 16, and feed liquor pipe 16 all is equipped with third sealing washer 18 with 2 junctions of feed liquor end cover.

In a specific embodiment, a central axis of the second insertion hole coincides with a central axis of the cathode conductive cylinder 1, a second annular groove coaxial with the second insertion hole is formed in the inner wall of the second insertion hole, and a fourth sealing ring 19 is assembled in the second annular groove. Four second threaded holes which are circumferentially distributed at equal intervals by taking the second insertion holes as centers are formed in the liquid outlet end cover 3, four liquid outlet pipes 17 are arranged, the four liquid outlet pipes 17 are in threaded fit connection with the four second threaded holes respectively, and the joints of the liquid outlet pipes 17 and the liquid outlet end cover 3 are all provided with fifth sealing rings 20.

The cathode conductive cylinder 1 is used as a cathode and is coaxially arranged with the tungsten tube a, so that the polishing effect of the tungsten tube a is relatively consistent, the corresponding area is enlarged, the current density on the surface of the tungsten tube a is increased, and the polishing efficiency is improved. The circumference sets up a plurality of feed liquor pipes 16 and drain pipes 17, can guarantee that the velocity of flow of tungsten pipe a surface polishing solution is comparatively even for tungsten pipe a surface polishing effect is comparatively unanimous in the liquid polishing stage.

The invention can adjust the pressure and flow of the electrolyte by adjusting the opening size of the gate valve in the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe, and can adjust the processing voltage or current density by setting the output mode of the processing power supply to be constant current or constant current and setting the corresponding voltage value or current value; the conductive piece can adapt to the conduction of inner circles of tungsten tubes with different inner diameters.

The invention also provides an electrochemical polishing method of the efficient electrochemical polishing device for the outer surface of the tungsten tube, which comprises the following steps:

s1, preprocessing:

aims to remove impurities on the surface of the tungsten tube, including dust and oil stains which affect the polishing effect. The most important of them is to clean the oil stains to avoid the pollution of the oil stains to the polishing solution. Relatively speaking, the dust is easy to remove, because in the polishing process, polishing liquid with a certain speed flows through the surface of the tungsten tube, the surface of the tungsten tube has gradual removal of ion-level particles, and the flowing polishing liquid takes away the dust on the surface of the tungsten tube, the cleaning in this step can be divided into three steps: firstly, cleaning the outer surface of a tungsten tube by using a conventional cleaning solution to remove dust and oil stains on the surface of the tungsten tube; then, cleaning the outer surface of the tungsten tube by using deionized water; finally, drying;

after the conducting ring is sleeved on the first shaft, the conducting piece is installed in the tungsten tube to be polished, and the tungsten tube to be polished is inserted into the cathode conducting cylinder 1;

s2, electrochemical polishing:

aims to level the surface of a workpiece to be polished, prolong the service life of tungsten tube parts and adapt to the working requirements of more precise industries.

The outer surface polishing process parameters of the tungsten tube mainly comprise: electrolyte temperature, electrolyte flow rate, current density; the process parameter ranges determined in this example are: the temperature of the electrolyte is 20-40 ℃, the flow rate of the electrolyte is 0.5-5m/min, and the current density is 2000-12000A/m²。

As shown in fig. 7, an electrolyte tank is provided, which is divided into a liquid inlet tank and a liquid return tank, wherein a partition board is arranged between the liquid inlet tank and the liquid return tank for separation, and the partition board is provided with small holes and a filtering membrane, so that the preliminary filtration of the precipitate in the polishing solution can be realized; the liquid inlet pipe of the device is provided with an electrolyte pump and is communicated with a liquid inlet tank, the liquid outlet pipe is communicated with a liquid return tank, and electrolyte flows through a coarse filter and a fine filter from the electrolyte tank to reach the cathode conductive cylinder under the suction action of the electrolyte pump and finally flows back to a polishing liquid tank;

when polishing is started, a servo motor is started to drive the cathode conductive cylinder 1 to rotate so as to enable the cathode conductive cylinder 1 to be vertically arranged, the liquid inlet end cover 2 is positioned below the liquid outlet end cover 3, the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe are opened, the electrolyte pump is started, and electrolyte is introduced into the cathode conductive cylinder 1 through the liquid inlet pipe 16 until the cathode conductive cylinder 1 is full of electrolyte; starting a servo motor, driving the cathode conductive cylinder 1 to rotate so that the central axis of the cathode conductive cylinder 1 is horizontally arranged, and connecting the conductive ring and the second conductive sheet with the positive pole and the negative pole of the power supply respectively; meanwhile, electrolyte is circularly led into the cathode conductive cylinder 1 through the liquid inlet pipe 16 and the liquid outlet pipe 17 and is kept stand; starting a servo motor, driving the cathode conductive cylinder 1 to rotate to enable the cathode conductive cylinder to be vertically arranged, enabling the liquid inlet end cover 2 to be positioned below the liquid outlet end cover 3, closing the liquid inlet pipe 16 and the liquid outlet pipe 17, opening the exhaust pipe 21 to exhaust, enabling hydrogen generated in the polishing process to be exhausted through the exhaust pipe, standing, disconnecting a power supply after polishing is finished, and taking out a tungsten pipe;

s3, post-processing: and (3) pickling the tungsten tube, cleaning with deionized water, and drying.

The invention adopts a polishing method combining 'dynamic and static liquid', namely, the outer surface of a tungsten tube a is placed in flowing polishing liquid for polishing for a period of time, so that the removal of metal ions on the outer surface of the tungsten tube a can be accelerated, and the polishing speed is increased; however, the electrolyte flowing in the polishing process can cause the defect of flow marks on the microscopic surface of the metal, so that the surface roughness of the metal is poor, and the flow marks generated by the polishing of the moving liquid are removed when the flow of the electrolyte is blocked to enable the tungsten tube to be in a static electrolyte for polishing for a section, so that the roughness of the metal surface is good; the polishing method combining 'dynamic liquid and static liquid' is adopted, so that the polishing quality can be ensured, the polishing efficiency can be effectively improved, and the polishing time can be shortened.

In the static liquid polishing stage, the cathode conductive cylinder 1 is vertical, because a large amount of hydrogen is generated in the polishing process, if the cathode conductive cylinder 1 is in a horizontal state, generated hydrogen bubbles are adsorbed on the outer surface of a tungsten tube a, and the polishing quality is seriously influenced; the cathode conductive cylinder 1 is in a vertical state, the hydrogen bubbles can float to the upper end under the action of buoyancy, and the hydrogen can be discharged after the hydrogen exhaust port is opened. In the dynamic liquid polishing stage, the generated hydrogen bubbles can be directly taken away because the polishing liquid has a certain flow velocity.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.