阅读说明：本技术 高形状记忆高伸缩性负泊松比面料成型方法及其用途 (Forming method and application of negative Poisson ratio fabric with high shape memory and high elasticity ) 是由 杜赵群 许巧丽 刘倬然 刘一铭 陈韦韦 朱秋雨 顾婧 苏玛艳·阿力甫 何玲娥 于 2021-09-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种高形状记忆高伸缩性负泊松比面料成型方法及其用途。所述成型方法为：绘制折叠结构负泊松比面料的意匠图,区分非折叠区域和折叠区域,折叠区域由凸起区域和凹下区域构成；选取弹性纱和非弹性纱；设计弹性纱、非弹性纱采用的织物组织结构；在意匠图上根据织物组织结构铺设组织；生成纹版文件；在织机上进行织造形成折叠结构的负泊松比面料；在织造的负泊松比面料上负载形状记忆材料或直接在织造过程中织入。本发明采用机织方法一次成型,赋予面料的折叠多样性和结构稳定性以及负泊松比效应与形状记忆效应,在激励下折叠结构发生双向大形变从而产生负泊松比效应和高伸缩性,激励去除后可恢复至初始形态。(The invention discloses a method for forming a negative Poisson's ratio fabric with high shape memory and high elasticity and application thereof. The molding method comprises the following steps: drawing an artistic conception drawing of the folded structure negative Poisson's ratio fabric, and distinguishing a non-folding area and a folding area, wherein the folding area consists of a convex area and a concave area; selecting elastic yarns and non-elastic yarns; designing fabric weave structures adopted by the elastic yarns and the non-elastic yarns; laying tissues on the pattern according to the fabric tissue structure; generating a pattern file; weaving on a loom to form a negative poisson ratio fabric with a folding structure; the woven negative poisson ratio fabric is loaded with the shape memory material or is directly woven in during the weaving process. The invention adopts a weaving method for one-step forming, endows the fabric with folding diversity, structural stability, negative Poisson ratio effect and shape memory effect, generates bidirectional large deformation of a folding structure under excitation so as to generate negative Poisson ratio effect and high flexibility, and can restore to the initial form after the excitation is removed.)

1. A method for forming a negative Poisson's ratio fabric with high shape memory and high elasticity is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1): drawing an artistic conception drawing of the folded structure negative Poisson's ratio fabric, and distinguishing a non-folding area and a folding area, wherein the folding area consists of a convex area and a concave area;

step 2): the warp yarns are elastic yarns or non-elastic yarns, and the weft yarns are elastic yarns and non-elastic yarns;

step 3): designing fabric weave structures adopted by the elastic yarns and the non-elastic yarns;

step 4): laying tissues on the pattern according to the fabric tissue structure;

step 5): generating a pattern file;

step 6): weaving on a loom to form a negative poisson ratio fabric with a folding structure;

step 7): loading a shape memory material on the negative poisson's ratio fabric woven in the step 6) or directly weaving in the weaving process in the step 6);

the elastic yarns and the non-elastic yarns form a flat cloth cover in a non-folding area; the elastic yarns and the non-elastic yarns form bulges in the bulge areas, the elastic yarns in the bulge areas adopt an organization structure that the length of the floats is larger than that of the non-elastic yarns, and the length of the floats is formed on the back surface of the fabric to realize the bulge of the fabric; the elastic yarns and the non-elastic yarns form a concave effect in the concave area, the elastic yarns in the concave area adopt a weave structure that the length-floating threads are larger than the non-elastic yarns, and the length-floating threads are formed on the front surface of the fabric to achieve the concave effect of the fabric.

2. The method for forming the negative Poisson's ratio fabric with high shape memory and high elasticity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the non-elastic yarns in the non-folding area, the convex area and the concave area adopt a fabric weave structure of a three-primary weave, a variable weave, a combined weave, a recombined weave, a multi-layer weave or a complex weave; the fabric weave structure adopted by the elastic yarns in the non-folding areas is plain weave, twill weave, satin weave or any variable combination of the plain weave, the twill weave, the satin weave and the satin weave.

3. The method for forming the negative Poisson's ratio fabric with high shape memory and high elasticity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the folded shape of the folded area, i.e. the shape in the convex area or the concave area, comprises at least one of a point, a line or a plane; or the folding area is made of the fabric with a paper folding or paper cutting structure with the folding effect.

4. The method for forming the fabric with high shape memory and high elasticity and negative Poisson's ratio as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elastic yarn is a yarn with elasticity or contractibility, and is made of spandex filament, spandex staple fiber yarn, spandex filament covered yarn or spandex blended yarn; the non-elastic yarn is a yarn with elasticity or contractibility smaller than that of the elastic yarn, and natural fiber yarn, regenerated staple fiber yarn, regenerated filament yarn, synthetic staple fiber yarn or synthetic filament is adopted.

5. The method for forming the negative Poisson's ratio fabric with high shape memory and high elasticity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number ratio of the elastic yarns to the non-elastic yarns is 1: 3-3: 1.

6. The method for forming the negative Poisson's ratio fabric with high shape memory and high elasticity as claimed in claim 1, wherein a jacquard mechanism in the loom adopts a double-warp beam to weave warp heavy tissues; and during weaving, weft yarns adopt weft weight tissues.

7. The method for forming the fabric with high shape memory and high elasticity and negative Poisson's ratio as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fabric obtained in the step 7) is a single-layer fabric, a double-layer fabric or a triple-layer fabric.

8. The method for forming the fabric with high shape memory and high elasticity and negative Poisson's ratio as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shape memory material is a material with at least one response function of mechanical, optical, thermal, acoustic, chemical or electromagnetic response function, and the material is in the form of alloy, polymer, gel, fiber, yarn, fabric or any combination thereof.

9. The method for forming the high-shape-memory high-elasticity negative Poisson's ratio fabric according to claim 1, wherein the shape-memory material is in the form of a polymer, a gel, a fiber, a yarn, a fabric or a combination thereof; the loading mode of the shape memory material is weaving, coating addition, after finishing addition or a combination mode of any several.

10. Use of the negative poisson's ratio fabric obtained by the method for forming the negative poisson's ratio fabric with high shape memory and high elasticity of any one of claims 1-9 in clothing, home textiles, decoration, automobile seats, helmets, shoes or insoles.

Technical Field

The invention relates to preparation of a functional fabric and an intelligent fabric, in particular to a forming method and application of a high-shape-memory high-elasticity negative Poisson's ratio fabric, and belongs to the technical field of textile science and engineering.

Background

The shape memory effect is discovered in Au-Cd alloy by US Read et al in 1951 for the first time, and the alloy has thermoelastic martensite phase transformation and can bring shape memory effect and super elasticity to materials. The folded paper fabric with the negative Poisson ratio effect is widely applied to decorative design and functional fabric, and a fabric with a three-dimensional effect can be formed in the decorative design, so that the folded paper fabric has unique visual aesthetic feeling; the functional fabric adopts the fabric with the paper folding structure to form the effect of paper folding or paper cutting, so that the fabric has an intrinsic function, or functional materials are added on the fabric to form the functional fabric.

The research about the folded paper configuration fabric at home and abroad in recent years is analyzed, and regarding the forming mode, the forming mode is mainly a high-temperature pressing mode, three households have rich experience on preparing the clothes with the folded or three-dimensional configuration by using the high-temperature pressing process for a lifetime, the forming mode of hand sewing is good in forming, but the cost is too high, such as woven fabrics and a manufacturing method thereof (patent publication No. CN 111448345A). The method for one-time weaving and forming has limitation, only a simple wrinkle repeating structure can be formed, the direction of wrinkles is fixed, the circulation of the wrinkles is small, and a large-scale folding form cannot be formed, for example, a woven fabric with a hundred-fold effect (Chinese patent, invention patent publication No. CN207727235) which is granted to Zhejiang textile garment professional technical college can only form wrinkles in the warp direction, or the folding effect is simple and cannot form a large circulation mode, meanwhile, the three-dimensional shrinkage in the fabric forms rich folding by a finishing process rather than a yarn and fabric tissue mode, for example, a three-dimensional jacquard fabric weaving process (Chinese patent, invention patent publication No. CN 102534932A) which is granted to Shangjiang far-size garment weaving Limited company. The preparation method of the fabric with the folding effect mainly comprises high-temperature pressing and manual sewing, wherein the high-temperature pressing requires that the fabric has certain ductility, and the effect is not permanent after the high-temperature pressing; the hand sewing has abundant modeling but high cost. Origami structures have found widespread use in functional fabrics where the folded configuration possesses a particular function, and they have found use on robots, such as Origami robots, system, and methods of treatment, to Daniela ruses (U.S. patent No. US01470799B 2).

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the one-step forming method for implementing the negative Poisson ratio fabric with the paper folding configuration and the coupling of the high shape memory performance and the high stretching performance and the application thereof.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a method for forming a negative Poisson's ratio fabric with high shape memory and high elasticity comprises the following steps:

step 1): drawing an artistic conception drawing of the folded structure negative Poisson's ratio fabric, and distinguishing a non-folding area and a folding area, wherein the folding area consists of a convex area and a concave area;

step 2): the warp yarns are elastic yarns or non-elastic yarns, and the weft yarns are elastic yarns and non-elastic yarns;

step 3): designing fabric weave structures adopted by the elastic yarns and the non-elastic yarns;

step 4): laying tissues on the pattern according to the fabric tissue structure;

step 5): generating a pattern file;

step 6): weaving on a loom to form a negative poisson ratio fabric with a folding structure;

step 7): loading a shape memory material on the negative poisson's ratio fabric woven in the step 6) or directly weaving in the weaving process in the step 6);

the elastic yarns and the non-elastic yarns form a flat cloth cover in a non-folding area; the elastic yarns and the non-elastic yarns form bulges in the bulge areas, the elastic yarns in the bulge areas adopt an organization structure that the length of the floats is larger than that of the non-elastic yarns, and the length of the floats is formed on the back surface of the fabric to realize the bulge of the fabric; the elastic yarns and the non-elastic yarns form a concave effect in the concave area, the elastic yarns in the concave area adopt a weave structure that the length-floating threads are larger than the non-elastic yarns, and the length-floating threads are formed on the front surface of the fabric to achieve the concave effect of the fabric.

Preferably, the non-elastic yarns in the non-folding areas, the convex areas and the concave areas adopt a fabric weave structure which is a three-primary weave, a change weave, a combined weave, a recombined weave, a multi-layer weave or a complex weave; the fabric weave structure adopted by the elastic yarns in the non-folding areas is plain weave, twill weave, satin weave or any variable combination of the plain weave, the twill weave, the satin weave and the satin weave.

Preferably, the folded shape of the folded region, i.e., the shape within the convex region or the concave region, includes at least one of a point, a line, or a plane; or the folding area is made of the fabric with a paper folding or paper cutting structure with the folding effect. The folding pattern can be in the form of a two-dimensional plane convex-concave three-dimensional effect, or can be in a structure with the pattern being completely foldable, and the specific folding undulation height can be determined by the width of the concave-convex area and the elasticity of the elastic yarns.

Preferably, the elastic yarn is a yarn with elasticity or contractibility, and adopts spandex filament, spandex staple fiber yarn, spandex filament covered yarn or spandex blended yarn; the non-elastic yarn is a yarn with elasticity or contractibility smaller than that of the elastic yarn, and natural fiber yarn, regenerated staple fiber yarn, regenerated filament yarn, synthetic staple fiber yarn or synthetic filament is adopted. The natural fiber yarn is made of cotton, hemp, silk or wool.

Preferably, the number ratio of the elastic yarns to the non-elastic yarns is 1: 3-3: 1, preferably 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1 or 3: 1.

Preferably, the jacquard mechanism in the loom adopts double warp beams to weave warp rebinning fabric, including double warp and triple warp; during weaving, the weft adopts weft recombined weaving, including weft double and weft triple weaving.

Preferably, the fabric obtained in the step 7) is a single-layer fabric, a double-layer fabric or a three-layer fabric.

Preferably, the shape memory material is a material having at least one response function of mechanical, optical, thermal, acoustic, chemical or electromagnetic response functions, and the material is in the form of alloy, polymer, gel, fiber, yarn, fabric or any combination thereof. Shape memory materials are materials that have a structural phase transition (e.g., can induce a martensitic phase transition) within the material.

Preferably, the shape memory material is in the form of a polymer, gel, fiber, yarn, fabric, or a combination thereof; the loading mode of the shape memory material is weaving, coating addition, after finishing addition or a combination mode of any several.

The high-shape-memory high-elasticity negative Poisson ratio fabric obtained by the invention has diversified high foldability and structural stability, and has a negative Poisson ratio effect and a shape memory effect, the folding structure is subjected to bidirectional large deformation under the stimuli of mechanical, optical, thermal, acoustic, chemical, electromagnetic and other responses so as to generate the negative Poisson ratio effect and high elasticity, and the high-shape-memory material can restore the original shape after the stimuli are removed.

The invention also provides application of the negative Poisson ratio fabric obtained by the forming method of the high-shape-memory high-elasticity negative Poisson ratio fabric in clothing, home textiles, decoration, automobile seats, helmets, shoes or insoles, and intelligent functions of high extension of the negative Poisson ratio, shape memory, impact protection, thermal protection and the like are given.

The invention adopts a weaving method to prepare the high-shape-memory high-elasticity negative Poisson's ratio fabric, compared with high-temperature pressing and manual sewing, the method has one-step forming, high efficiency and improved diversity and structural stability of the folded fabric, the fabric has the negative Poisson's ratio effect and the shape memory effect, the folded structure is subjected to bidirectional large deformation under stimulation so as to generate the negative Poisson's ratio effect and high elasticity, and the use of the high-shape memory material can maintain the deformation after the stimulation is removed, and the state before the deformation can be recovered under certain conditions, so that the fabric can be applied to the fields of clothing, decoration, biomedicine, tissue engineering, photoelectric materials, impact protection, thermal protection, flexible sensors, composite materials, aerospace, intelligent grippers, bionic structures, intelligent soft materials, active metamaterial, extensible metamaterial, metamaterial carriers and the like, and has wide prospects.

The principle of the invention is that the shape memory effect is given to the fabric by using the high shape memory material, and simultaneously the fabric with the folding structure and the negative Poisson ratio is designed, and the elastic material and the negative Poisson ratio in the fabric form the high elasticity of the material. For the formation of a folding structure, the differential shrinkage of elastic yarns and non-elastic yarns is combined with the arrangement of floating long lines in a fabric structure with heavy warp or heavy weft, so that the differential shrinkage of the surface of the fabric is formed, a flat and uniform surface is formed in a non-folding area, the surface is raised in a raised area and is recessed in a recessed area, and finally the folding three-dimensional effect of the fabric is formed.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the arrangement of elastic and inelastic yarns can produce differential shrinkage in the fabric.

Secondly, elastic floating long lines can be formed in the fabric by the arrangement of the warp heavy fabric structure and the weft heavy fabric structure, and are main sources of protrusions and recessions.

The method is formed in one step, efficiency is high, meanwhile diversity and structural stability of the folded fabric can be improved, the fabric has a negative Poisson ratio effect and a shape memory effect, the folded structure is subjected to bidirectional large deformation under stimulation, so that the negative Poisson ratio effect and high flexibility are generated, and the high-shape memory material can maintain deformation after the stimulation is removed and can restore the state before the deformation under certain conditions.

The fabric can be applied to the fields of clothing, decoration, biomedicine, tissue engineering, photoelectric materials, impact protection, thermal protection, flexible sensors, composite materials, aerospace, intelligent grippers, bionic structures, intelligent soft materials, active metamaterial, extensible metamaterial, metamaterial carriers and the like, and has a wide prospect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of deformation and reduction of a negative Poisson ratio fabric;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the fabric provided in example 1;

fig. 3 and 4 are schematic diagrams of the negative poisson's ratio fabric of example 1 in different viewing angles, wherein yellow is warp yarn, blue is inelastic weft yarn, and red is elastic weft yarn.

Detailed Description

In order to make the invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The invention provides a method for forming a negative Poisson ratio fabric with high shape memory and high elasticity, which comprises the following steps:

step 1): drawing an artistic conception drawing of the folded structure negative Poisson's ratio fabric, and distinguishing a non-folding area and a folding area, wherein the folding area consists of a convex area and a concave area;

step 2): the warp yarns are elastic yarns or non-elastic yarns, and the weft yarns are elastic yarns and non-elastic yarns;

step 3): designing fabric weave structures adopted by the elastic yarns and the non-elastic yarns;

step 4): laying tissues on the pattern according to the fabric tissue structure;

step 5): generating a pattern file;

step 6): weaving on a loom to form a negative poisson ratio fabric with a folding structure;

step 7): loading a shape memory material on the negative poisson's ratio fabric woven in the step 6) or directly weaving in the weaving process in the step 6);

the elastic yarns and the non-elastic yarns form a flat cloth cover in a non-folding area; the elastic yarns and the non-elastic yarns form bulges in the bulge areas, the elastic yarns in the bulge areas adopt an organization structure that the length of the floats is larger than that of the non-elastic yarns, and the length of the floats is formed on the back surface of the fabric to realize the bulge of the fabric; the elastic yarns and the non-elastic yarns form a concave effect in the concave area, the elastic yarns in the concave area adopt a weave structure that the length-floating threads are larger than the non-elastic yarns, and the length-floating threads are formed on the front surface of the fabric to achieve the concave effect of the fabric.

The invention adopts a weaving method to prepare the high-shape-memory high-elasticity negative Poisson's ratio fabric, compared with high-temperature pressing and manual sewing, the method has one-step forming, high efficiency and improved diversity and structural stability of the folded fabric, the fabric has the negative Poisson's ratio effect and the shape memory effect, the folded structure is subjected to bidirectional large deformation under stimulation so as to generate the negative Poisson's ratio effect and high elasticity, and the use of the high-shape memory material can maintain the deformation after the stimulation is removed, and the state before the deformation can be recovered under certain conditions, so that the fabric can be applied to the fields of clothing, decoration, biomedicine, tissue engineering, photoelectric materials, impact protection, thermal protection, flexible sensors, composite materials, aerospace, intelligent grippers, bionic structures, intelligent soft materials, active metamaterial, extensible metamaterial, metamaterial carriers and the like, and has wide prospects.

Example 1

The shape memory yarn has the shape memory function by adopting inelastic pure terylene as warp yarns, cotton-ammonia blended yarns as elastic weft yarns and shape memory yarns as core yarns in the elastic yarns. Meanwhile, pure cotton yarns are used as inelastic weft yarns, a weft double structure is adopted, four warp surfaces are used as twill for elastic yarns in an unfolded area, eight three flying weft surface twill is used for inelastic yarns, full warp structure points are used for elastic yarns in a convex area, four weft surface right twill is used for inelastic yarns, full weft structure points are used for elastic yarns in a concave area, four warp surface right twill is used for inelastic yarns, a three pump folding structure is adopted, and the fabric is woven.

Example 2

The pure cotton yarn is used as warp, the cotton-ammonia blended yarn is used as elastic weft, the pure cotton yarn is used as inelastic weft, a weft double-weave is adopted, plain weave is used for elastic weft in an unfolded area, plain weave is used for inelastic weft, full warp structure points are used for elastic weft in a raised area, four weft face right twills are used for inelastic weft, full weft structure points are used for elastic weft in a depressed area, four warp face right twills are used for inelastic weft, a three-pump origami structure is adopted for weaving, temperature sensitive shape memory polyurethane is coated on the surface of the fabric after weaving, the fabric structure integrally shrinks at high temperature, the fabric becomes thick, and therefore human safety can be guaranteed.

Example 3

The wedding dress is characterized in that elastic nylon yarns are used as warp yarns, cotton-ammonia wrapping yarns are used as elastic weft yarns, pure cotton yarns are used as non-elastic weft yarns, a weft duplex structure is adopted, the elastic weft yarns in non-folding areas are used as twills with four warp faces, the non-elastic weft yarns are used as mountain twills, the elastic weft yarns in convex areas are used as full warp tissue points, the non-elastic weft yarns are used as right twills with four weft faces, the elastic weft yarns in concave areas are used as full weft tissue points, the non-elastic weft yarns are used as right twills with four warp faces, the wedding dress with a three-dimensional shape is woven, and a temperature sensitive shape memory polymer is coated in the wedding dress.

Example 4

The non-elastic pure polyester yarns are used as warp yarns, the polyester-spandex wrapped yarns are used as elastic weft yarns, the pure cotton yarns are used as non-elastic weft yarns, a weft double structure is adopted, the elastic weft yarns in a non-folding area are twilled by four left oblique warp faces, the non-elastic weft yarns are satined by eight five flying weft faces, the elastic weft yarns in a convex area are used as full warp structure points, the non-elastic weft yarns are twilled by four weft faces in a right direction, the elastic weft yarns in a concave area are used as full weft structure points, the non-elastic weft yarns are twilled by four warp faces in a right direction, the schematic diagram of the convex part is shown in figure 3, and the schematic diagram of the concave part is shown in figure 4.

Example 5

Elastic nylon-ammonia yarns are used as warp yarns, temperature-sensitive shape memory spandex is used as elastic weft yarns, polyester filament yarns are used as inelastic weft yarns, a weft double-weave structure is adopted, four warp surfaces are used as twill for the elastic weft yarns in an unfolded region, eight three flying weft surface twills are used as the inelastic weft yarns, full warp texture points are used as the elastic weft yarns in a raised region, four weft surface right twills are used as the inelastic weft yarns, full weft texture points are used as the elastic weft yarns in a recessed region, four warp surface right twills are used as the inelastic weft yarns, a three-pump origami structure with an in-plane negative Poisson ratio is adopted for weaving, and the woven fabric has high shape memory and high in-plane elasticity.