阅读说明：本技术 一种富硒肥料 (Selenium-rich fertilizer ) 是由 邓菲菲 邓仕运 于 2019-11-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种富硒肥料,由富硒煤矸石粉与石灰石粉、硫酸亚铁,按100:100-300:30-50的比例混匀制。本发明富硒肥料,可用于富硒水稻的种植,可在稻田整理时与基肥一起施入,所含富硒煤矸石粉、石灰石粉、硫酸亚铁的共同作用,既提供了硒的来源,也保证了煤矸石粉硒溶出后的储存,并在水稻大量需硒时又释放出来发挥作用,避免在灌溉水、雨水较多时的流失,从而提高了硒的利用率,使所产稻谷加工成糙米、大米时的含硒量达到富硒产品的硒含量要求；同时,所述富硒过程也降低了水稻植株对土壤及肥料、灌溉水中重金属的吸收,从而降低了所得糙米、大米的重金属含量。(The invention provides a selenium-rich fertilizer, which is prepared by uniformly mixing selenium-rich coal gangue powder, limestone powder and ferrous sulfate according to the proportion of 100:100 and 300: 30-50. The selenium-rich fertilizer disclosed by the invention can be used for planting selenium-rich rice, can be applied together with a base fertilizer during rice field preparation, and the combined action of the selenium-rich gangue powder, limestone powder and ferrous sulfate provides a source of selenium, ensures the storage of the selenium dissolved from the gangue powder, and releases the selenium to play a role when the rice needs a large amount of selenium, so that the loss of irrigation water and rainwater is avoided, the utilization rate of the selenium is improved, and the selenium content of the produced paddy rice processed into brown rice and rice meets the selenium content requirement of a selenium-rich product; meanwhile, the selenium enrichment process also reduces the absorption of heavy metals in soil, fertilizers and irrigation water by rice plants, thereby reducing the heavy metal content of the obtained brown rice and rice.)

1. A selenium-rich fertilizer is prepared from selenium-rich coal gangue powder, limestone powder and ferrous sulfate through mixing at ratio of 100:100 and 300: 30-50.

2. The selenium-rich fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the selenium content in the selenium-rich coal gangue powder is 100-1000 mg/kg.

3. The planting method of the selenium-rich rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heavy metal content of the selenium-rich coal gangue powder meets the requirement of GB/T23349-.

4. The selenium-rich fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fineness of the selenium-rich gangue powder is 80-200 mesh.

5. The selenium-enriched fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fineness of the limestone powder is 100 meshes or more.

6. The selenium-enriched fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ferrous sulfate is ferrous sulfate monohydrate or ferrous sulfate heptahydrate.

7. The selenium-enriched fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ferrous sulfate heptahydrate is a byproduct of a titanium dioxide production device by a sulfuric acid method.

8. The selenium-enriched fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is applied together with a base fertilizer or as an additional fertilizer in finishing rice fields when used for planting selenium-enriched rice.

9. The selenium-rich fertilizer of claim 8, wherein the selenium fertilizer is applied in an amount of 80-200 kg/mu for planting selenium-rich rice, calculated on the basis of selenium-rich gangue powder.

10. The selenium-enriched fertilizer as claimed in claim 8, wherein said base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer, precipitated calcium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, powdered rock phosphate.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical fertilizers, and particularly relates to a selenium-rich fertilizer.

Background

The rice is an important grain crop in China, and the rice is one of basic staple foods of people; selenium-rich rice with health care function has recently attracted attention. Generally, the rice containing 0.04-0.30mg/kg of selenium is considered to be selenium-rich rice.

Selenium is an indispensable trace element for maintaining the normal functions of human bodies, and the selenium deficiency of the human bodies can cause various diseases. According to research, selenium has the effects of improving the oxidation resistance of organisms, enhancing the immune function of human bodies, effectively removing garbage in the bodies, promoting the health of the human bodies, delaying senescence and the like. The daily required selenium intake recommended by the Chinese academy of nutrition is 50-250 micrograms, depending on the individual's physical condition; too much selenium supplement is not good, and some harm is easily brought.

The selenium content of most rice produced in China is lower than 0.030mg/kg, and the selenium intake required by the human body normally cannot be met frequently. It has been counted that 72% of the nationwide regions belong to selenium-deficient or low-selenium regions, and the population above 2/3 has insufficient selenium intake in different degrees.

In areas with less selenium content in soil, selenium-rich nutrient solution can be sprayed on the leaf surfaces of rice in the stage from ear sprouting to grain filling, and the selenium-rich rice is produced through plant absorption and biotransformation, but the effect can be achieved by a small amount of times, so that the problems of high cost and unreliable effect exist, for example, the leaf surface spraying effect and the rice plant absorption effect are influenced by heavy rain or strong wind, and the limited factors are more.

During rice field preparation, selenium-containing mineral powder meeting the fertilizer quality requirements, such as selenium-rich coal gangue produced by Enshi in Hubei province, is ground into powder and mixed with a base fertilizer for application, so that the produced rice can be rich in selenium, but the selenium in the selenium-rich coal gangue powder is easy to dissolve out and is easy to lose when irrigation water or rainwater is more, so that the utilization rate of the selenium is reduced, and the time for rice plants to absorb a large amount of selenium is after rice seedlings grow to a larger size.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a selenium-rich fertilizer which is prepared by uniformly mixing selenium-rich coal gangue powder, limestone powder and ferrous sulfate according to the proportion of 100:100 and 300: 30-50.

The selenium-rich fertilizer can be used for planting selenium-rich rice, can be applied together with a base fertilizer during rice field finishing, and can also be used as an additional fertilizer. It can also be used for planting water-loving selenium-rich vegetables such as rhizoma Nelumbinis, herba Apii Graveolentis, radix Raphani, and Chinese cabbage, and can be used as base fertilizer.

In the selenium-rich fertilizer, the fineness of the selenium-rich gangue powder is preferably 80-200 meshes, the selenium-rich gangue powder is slowly dissolved out when being too coarse, a large application amount is needed to achieve a selenium supply effect, and the grinding cost is high when being too fine. The selenium content in the selenium-rich coal gangue powder with proper cost performance is 100-1000mg/kg, and the selenium-rich coal gangue powder also contains a large amount of humus carbon, so that soil organic matters can be increased, the soil fertility of a rice field is improved, and the selenium-rich coal gangue powder also contains trace elements such as molybdenum, boron, zinc and the like. Selenium-rich coal gangue powder with the heavy metal content lower than or in accordance with the requirements of GB/T23349-. The selenium fertilizer is calculated by selenium-rich coal gangue powder, the application amount can be 80-200 kg/mu, and is determined according to the selenium content and the prior application experience.

The limestone powder has the fineness of at least 60 meshes, preferably more than 100 meshes, so as to have larger surface area and activity, and the coarse powder and the fine powder are mixed when the soil in the rice field is more acidic; the limestone powder has the functions of gently reducing the acidity of the paddy field soil and improving the pH value of the soil, and reacts with ferrous sulfate to generate ferric hydroxide colloid which can adsorb and store selenium gradually dissolved out from the selenium-rich coal gangue powder; the calcium dissolved out by the limestone powder can also inhibit the dissolution concentration of heavy metals in soil and reduce the absorption of heavy metals by rice plants.

Ferrous sulfate reacts with a part of limestone powder to generate hydroxide colloid of calcium sulfate and iron in the fertilizer mixing process and after being applied to water-containing soil, and a part of the hydroxide colloid and soil components generate iron hydroxide colloid; the ferric hydroxide colloid can also have a remarkable promoting effect on the initial formation and perfection of the root surface iron shell of the rice new root system, and the root surface iron shell can play a good blocking effect on the absorption of heavy metals, so that the absorption of the heavy metals by rice plants is inhibited.

The ferrous sulfate can be ferrous sulfate monohydrate or ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and has a remarkable promoting effect on the initial formation of the surface iron shell of the rice root. The ferrous sulfate heptahydrate comprises a byproduct ferrous sulfate heptahydrate of a titanium dioxide device in a sulfuric acid method, the ferrous sulfate heptahydrate is low in price, the contained titanium, manganese and magnesium sulfates are also nutrient elements required by the growth of rice, and the byproduct ferrous sulfate heptahydrate of the titanium dioxide device in the sulfuric acid method meeting the GB/T23349-2009 quality requirement is easy to purchase.

When the selenium fertilizer is used for planting rice, the combined action of the selenium-rich gangue powder, the limestone powder and the ferrous sulfate provides a source of selenium, ensures the storage of the selenium dissolved from the gangue powder, and releases the selenium to play a role when the rice needs a large amount of selenium, thereby avoiding the loss of irrigation water and rainwater, improving the utilization rate of the selenium and enabling the selenium content of the produced paddy rice to meet the selenium content requirement of selenium-rich products when the paddy rice is processed into brown rice and rice. Meanwhile, the selenium enrichment process also reduces the absorption of heavy metals in soil, fertilizers and irrigation water by rice plants, thereby reducing the heavy metal content of the obtained brown rice and rice.

When the selenium fertilizer is used for rice planting, if the selenium fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer, the base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer, precipitated calcium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, ground phosphate rock and other fertilizers, and the selenium fertilizer prepared by mixing the selenium-rich coal gangue powder, limestone powder and ferrous sulfate is basically not influenced to play a role; can also be used as additional fertilizer and can be directly scattered in paddy water.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be specifically described and illustrated by examples below.

Examples 1 to 5

The selenium fertilizer of each embodiment is prepared according to the mixture ratio listed in table 1, and the selenium-rich coal gangue powder, limestone powder and ferrous sulfate are uniformly mixed according to the listed mass ratio to prepare the selenium fertilizer. The fineness of the selenium-rich coal gangue powder is 100 meshes, the selenium content is 160mg/kg, the humic carbon content is about 37 percent, and the contents of heavy metals such as lead 17mg/kg, arsenic 20mg/kg, cadmium 9mg/kg, chromium 18mg/kg and mercury 5mg/kg meet the requirements of GB/T23349-. Limestone powder with fineness of 100 meshes contains 98% of calcium carbonate, 1.2% of magnesium carbonate and 0.5% of ferric oxide. Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate is a byproduct of a titanium dioxide device by a sulfuric acid method, is a crystalline granular material, has the grain size of about 1.3mm, and has the heavy metal contents of 90 percent, 2.1 percent of magnesium sulfate, 0.8 percent of magnesium sulfate, 0.6 percent of titanyl sulfate, 43mg/kg of lead, 8mg/kg of arsenic, 6mg/kg of cadmium, 60mg/kg of chromium, 3mg/kg of mercury and the like which meet the requirements of GB/T23349-.

Table 1 example 1-6 mass ratio of selenium fertilizer

Comparative examples 1 to 5

Comparative fertilizers of various proportions were prepared using the raw materials used in examples 1-5 in the mass ratios listed in table 2.

Table 2 mass ratio of comparative examples 1 to 5 comparative fertilizers

Application example

Planting rice in a test field divided into 333m each in Hunan province²(0.5 mu) of the test field, the rice variety Jinyou 207. The selenium fertilizer or the contrast fertilizer of each embodiment and the comparative example is applied together with the fermented organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer when the rice field is finished before rice transplanting, the application amount of the fermented organic fertilizer is 500 kg/mu, the application amount of the selenium fertilizer and the selenium-containing contrast fertilizer is 100 kg/mu according to the selenium-rich coal gangue powder, the application amount of the selenium-free contrast fertilizer is 240 kg/mu in the comparative example 5, and water is filled to the depth of 2-3cm after the rice field is finished. And applying any selenium fertilizer or contrast fertilizer at the end of a blank test, and only applying 500 kg/mu of the fermented organic fertilizer.

During the test period, field management including topdressing and pest control are carried out according to a conventional method.

The rice obtained after harvesting the rice in each test field was processed into polished rice, and the selenium content and heavy metal content of the polished rice were as shown in tables 3 and 4.

TABLE 3 metallic element content of polished rice obtained by applying selenium fertilizers of examples 1-6

TABLE 4 metallic element content of polished rice obtained by applying comparative examples 1 to 5 and blank test