阅读说明：本技术 基于坐标点空间位置关系测量建构筑物空间位移的方法 (Method for measuring spatial displacement of building based on coordinate point spatial position relation ) 是由 罗浩 张美聪 何振华 谢首祥 刘莉 郑东东 于 2020-12-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种基于坐标点空间位置关系测量建构筑物空间位移的方法,该方法是利用三个基准点的三维坐标空间关系,结合测量工具对建构筑物的指定点进行实时三维空间测量。采用本发明所述测量方法能够更有效、更直观地监测建构筑物上指定点的空间位移变化,从而监测建构筑物的三维空间位移,为施工及养护提供更强有力的数据支撑,帮助工程建设者及运营养护方做出对建构筑物健康情况更有利的判断,能够有效降低工程风险、防范于未然。(The invention provides a method for measuring the space displacement of a building based on the space position relation of coordinate points. The measuring method can monitor the space displacement change of the appointed point on the building more effectively and more intuitively, thereby monitoring the three-dimensional space displacement of the building, providing stronger data support for construction and maintenance, helping engineering builders and operation maintenance parties to make more favorable judgment on the health condition of the building, effectively reducing engineering risks and preventing the situation in the bud.)

1. A method for measuring the spatial displacement of a building based on the spatial position relation of coordinate points is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selecting three points which are not on the same straight line as reference points, and establishing a space coordinate system by taking one of the points as a coordinate origin;

(2) measuring the linear distance between the three reference points, and calculating to obtain the space coordinate values of the three reference points;

(3) determining points to be measured of the building, and measuring the distances between the points to be measured and the three reference points;

(4) calculating the coordinate value of the point to be measured according to the space coordinate values of the three reference points and the distances between the point to be measured and the three reference points;

(5) and measuring the distances between the point to be measured and the three reference points for multiple times at certain time intervals according to the measurement requirements, and calculating to obtain multiple corresponding coordinate values of the point to be measured, wherein the change of the coordinate values of the point to be measured is the deformation of the space displacement of the building.

2. The method for measuring the spatial displacement of a building structure based on the spatial position relationship of coordinate points according to claim 1, characterized in that: the positions of the three reference points are fixed and do not move by the inclination or settlement of the building.

3. The method for measuring the spatial displacement of a building structure based on the spatial position relationship of the coordinate points according to claim 2, characterized in that: the specific establishment process of the space coordinate system comprises the following steps: setting the three reference points as A, B, C, the point A, B, C determines a plane α, and a spatial coordinate system is established with a point a as an origin, a straight line AB as an X-axis direction, a straight line perpendicular to the straight line AB as a Y-axis direction, positive directions of the X-axis and the Y-axis as directions toward the point C, and a normal direction of the plane α as a Z-axis direction.

4. A method for measuring the spatial displacement of a building structure based on the spatial position relationship of coordinate points according to claim 3, wherein: measuring to obtain the distance between the point A and the point B as C, the distance between the point B and the point C as a, the distance between the point C and the point A as B, setting the coordinate of the point A as (0,0,0), the coordinate of the point B as (C, 0,0), and setting the coordinate of the point C as (X)₃，Y₃0), the C point coordinate value is found by the following formulas (1) and (2):

wherein, y₃＞0,x₃＞0。

5. The method for measuring the spatial displacement of a building structure based on the spatial position relationship of the coordinate points according to claim 4, characterized in that: setting the point to be measured as a point D, obtaining the distance between the point D and the point A as D, the distance between the point D and the point B as e, the distance between the point D and the point C as f through measurement, and setting the coordinate of the point D as (X)₄，Y₄0), the D point coordinate value is obtained by the following equations (3), (4) and (5):

wherein z is₄＞0。

6. The method for measuring the spatial displacement of a building structure based on the spatial position relationship of the coordinate points according to claim 4, characterized in that: and the distance C between the point A and the point B, the distance a between the point B and the point C, and the distance B between the point C and the point A are measured by a total station.

7. The method for measuring the spatial displacement of a building structure based on the spatial position relationship of the coordinate points according to claim 5, wherein: and the distance D between the point D and the point A, the distance e between the point D and the point B, and the distance f between the point D and the point C are obtained by measuring through a total station.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of engineering construction monitoring, in particular to a method for measuring the spatial displacement of a building based on the spatial position relation of coordinate points.

Background

With the continuous development of the infrastructure of China, more and more buildings such as deep foundation pits, high slopes, bridges and tunnels are built. At present, for the deformation measurement of a building, generally, the displacement parameter of a certain specific point on the building is measured, and the measurement is mainly performed by using instruments such as a level gauge, a total station and the like. However, this measuring method can only measure the distance deviation of a certain position point on a straight line, such as settlement and inclination, and the displacement of the building is mostly spatial displacement, so it is necessary to measure the spatial displacement of the building by using the existing measuring tool and a better measuring means.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for measuring the space displacement of a building based on the space position relation of coordinate points, which utilizes the existing measuring tool to measure the three-dimensional space displacement of the building, can better enable people to grasp the three-dimensional deformation of the building in engineering construction and later stage monitoring, and can also better serve the construction.

Therefore, the invention adopts the specific technical scheme that:

the invention provides a method for measuring the space displacement of a building based on the space position relation of coordinate points, which utilizes the three-dimensional coordinate space relation of three reference points and combines a measuring tool to carry out real-time three-dimensional space measurement on a specified point of the building, and specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting three points which are not on the same straight line as reference points, and establishing a space coordinate system by taking one of the points as a coordinate origin;

(2) measuring the linear distance between the three reference points, and calculating to obtain the space coordinate values of the three reference points;

(3) determining points to be measured of the building, and measuring the distances between the points to be measured and the three reference points;

(4) calculating the coordinate value of the point to be measured according to the space coordinate values of the three reference points and the distances between the point to be measured and the three reference points;

(5) and measuring the distances between the point to be measured and the three reference points for multiple times at certain time intervals according to the measurement requirements, and calculating to obtain multiple corresponding coordinate values of the point to be measured, wherein the change of the coordinate values of the point to be measured is the deformation of the space displacement of the building.

In the above technical solution, the positions of the three reference points are fixed and do not move due to the inclination or settlement of the building.

Further, the specific establishment process of the spatial coordinate system is as follows: setting the three reference points as A, B, C, the point A, B, C determines a plane α, and a spatial coordinate system is established with a point a as an origin, a straight line AB as an X-axis direction, a straight line perpendicular to the straight line AB as a Y-axis direction, positive directions of the X-axis and the Y-axis as directions toward the point C, and a normal direction of the plane α as a Z-axis direction.

Measuring to obtain the distance between the point A and the point B as C, the distance between the point B and the point C as a, the distance between the point C and the point A as B, setting the coordinate of the point A as (0,0,0), the coordinate of the point B as (C, 0,0), and setting the coordinate of the point C as (X)₃，Y₃0), the C point coordinate value is found by the following formulas (1) and (2):

wherein, y₃＞0,x₃＞0。

Setting the point to be measured as a point D, obtaining the distance between the point D and the point A as D, the distance between the point D and the point B as e, the distance between the point D and the point C as f through measurement, and setting the coordinate of the point D as (X)₄，Y₄0), the D point coordinate value is obtained by the following equations (3), (4) and (5):

wherein z is₄＞0。

Therefore, if the coordinates of the three spatial reference points A, B, C are known and the coordinates of other points in the space are required, the coordinate value of the point can be obtained by the distance formula between the two points by only knowing the distance from the point to the three reference points A, B, C.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention provides a method for measuring the space displacement of a building based on the space position relation of coordinate points, which utilizes the three-dimensional coordinate space relation of three datum points and combines a measuring tool to carry out real-time three-dimensional space measurement on a specified point of the building.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for measuring the spatial displacement of a building according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a spatial coordinate system diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a spatial coordinate system diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph of the vault sag and peripheral convergence measurements of example 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a measurement diagram of the present invention in example 2, which requires simultaneous measurement of multiple sections.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

Example 1

With reference to fig. 1 and 2, the method for measuring the space displacement of a building according to the present invention is used for measuring the deformation of the building of a newly built building, and the specific process is as follows:

(1) the spatial geometry refers to that two points determine a straight line, three points which are not on the same straight line determine a plane, as shown in fig. 2, a three point A, B, C which is not on the same straight line is selected as a measuring reference point, and the A, B, C three point is fixed and can not move and can not change along with the settlement or deformation of a building; point A, B, C determines a plane α, where point a is used as an origin, straight line AB is in the X-axis direction, a straight line perpendicular to straight line AB is in the Y-axis direction, positive directions of the X-axis and the Y-axis are directions toward point C, and a normal direction of plane α is in the Z-axis direction to establish a spatial coordinate system;

(2) measuring A, B, C with a total station to obtain distances a, B and C, respectively, setting coordinates of point A as (0,0,0), point B as (C, 0,0), and setting coordinate of point C as (X)₃，Y₃0), the C point coordinate value can be found by the following equations (1) and (2):

wherein, y₃＞0,x₃Is greater than 0. Thus, the coordinate values of the three spatial reference points A, B, C are obtained.

(3) Determining a point D to be measured of the building, wherein the point D is selected according to measurement requirements and specifications and is generally selected at a position which is easy to deform, and distances D, e and f between the point D and A, B, C are measured through a total station;

(4) set the coordinates of point D as (X)₄，Y₄0), the D point coordinate value can be obtained by the following equations (3), (4) and (5):

wherein z is₄If the distance is more than 0, obtaining the spatial position of the point D to be measured;

(5) according to the measurement and related standard requirements, the distance between the D point of the point to be measured and the A, B, C three points is measured for many times at certain intervals, and the coordinate values of the D point are obtained by utilizing the formulas (3), (4) and (5), so that the change of the coordinate value of the D point is the displacement change of the D point in a space coordinate system, and further the space displacement change of the building can be obtained.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 1, 3 and 4, the method for measuring the space displacement of the building according to the present invention is used to measure the vault crown subsidence and the peripheral convergence deformation of the tunnel, and the basic principle and steps are substantially the same as the steps of embodiment 1 for measuring the deformation of the newly-built building, except that in this embodiment, a reference point O is added outside the tunnel for reviewing a point a₁、B₁、C₁Position change of three points, here A₁、B₁、C₁Three points correspond to point A, B, C in example 1 and are merely labeled for distinction and are according to A₁、B₁、C₁The three points establish a spatial coordinate system as shown in fig. 3.

Further, as shown in fig. 4, a measurement point D is arranged within the same tunnel cross section as the reference points a1, B1, C1₁Points for measuring vault sag, arrangement E₁Points for measuring peripheral convergence, miningD can be obtained by the measurement method of the invention₁The spatial coordinates of the points are (XD)₁、yD₁、zD₁)，E₁The spatial coordinates of the points are (XE)₁、yE₁、zE₁) Also, D can be measured₁Dot sum E₁And the distance between the points is used for verifying the accuracy of the measurement result by using a space two-point relative distance formula.

According to the measurement requirement and relevant specification, measuring again at certain time intervals, and respectively measuring the O point to the A point₁、B₁、C₁Distance between three points, D₁Point to A₁、B₁、C₁Distance between three points and E₁Point to A₁、B₁、C₁Distance between three points, due to A₁、B₁、C₁The three points are very close, so the coordinate change values can be set to be (delta X) relatively static₂，△Y₂，△Z₂)，E₁Coordinate change of point is (Delta XE)₂、△YE₂、△ZE₃)，D₁Coordinate change of point (Delta XD)₂、△YD₂、△ZD₃) By means of the measuring principle of the present invention, the measured lengths of the straight lines and the original coordinate values of the measuring points, delta X may be obtained₂，△Y₂，△Z₂，△XE₂、△YE₂、△ZE₃，△XD₂、△YD₂、△ZD₃The values of (A) are two measurements₁、B₁、C₁、D₁、E₁And obtaining the deformation of the sinking and peripheral convergence of the tunnel vault by the space displacement value of the point.

Furthermore, according to the required measurement days and times, the measurement can be stopped until the change value meets the specification requirement.

In addition, if a plurality of sections need to be measured simultaneously, the key point is to use the reference point O as the origin and the measuring point A as the measuring point₁、B₁、C₁The determined spatial coordinates are threaded into the hole as shown in fig. 5. At this time, A₁、B₁、C₁Three points are equal to F₁、G₁、H₁Two adjacent measuring sections are used for measuring the measuring points of the side wall opposite to the surface wall as long as F is measured₁To A₁、B₁、C₁Distance of three points, G₁To A₁、B₁、C₁Distance of three points, H₁To A₁、B₁、C₁Distance of three points, again using the known A₁、B₁、C₁Coordinates of three points, F can be obtained₁、G₁、H₁Coordinate values of the three points. Measuring point F₁、G₁、H₁The vault sag and perimeter convergence measurements of the section in which it is located are as described above.

If the number of leading wires is more, the workload is larger, at the moment, if the settlement and convergence value of the section reach the required range or two linings and inverted arches are applied, the section is considered to be stable, and the reference point can be placed on the side wall of the section, so that the workload can be reduced, and the working efficiency can be improved.

In conclusion, the method for measuring the spatial displacement of the building based on the spatial position relationship of the coordinate points, provided by the invention, can be used for measuring the three-dimensional spatial displacement of the building by combining the existing measuring tool, can better enable people to grasp the three-dimensional deformation of the building in engineering construction and later-stage monitoring, and can better serve the construction.

It is to be understood that no matter how much of this specification appears, such as in the prior art or common general knowledge. The present embodiments are illustrative only and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and modifications and equivalents thereof by those skilled in the art are considered to fall within the scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims.