阅读说明：本技术 一种生物质高温气化装置 (Biomass high-temperature gasification device ) 是由 刘丹 李文涛 姜薇 张琬抒 刘少东 林彦宇 马永财 王汉羊 付晓明 于 2021-01-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种生物质高温气化装置,属于燃气制备技术领域,包括气化炉、保温组件、冷却组件和排气净化箱,其中气化炉包括进料腔、干燥腔、热解腔、还原腔和氧化腔,保温组件设置在进料腔和干燥腔外部,冷却组件设置在热解腔和还原腔外部,气化炉的外部螺旋安装有螺旋槽道,螺旋槽道上方连接保温组件,螺旋槽道下方连接冷却组件,冷却组件下方与排气净化箱相连通。本发明通过在气化炉外壁上设有保温组件和冷却组件,能够利用排出气体的余热促进气化炉中生物质的水分蒸发,提高气化反应的稳定性,同时能够将排出气体中含有的焦油组分冷凝后进行收集,提高了排出气体的洁净程度。(The invention discloses a biomass high-temperature gasification device, which belongs to the technical field of fuel gas preparation and comprises a gasification furnace, a heat insulation component, a cooling component and an exhaust purification box, wherein the gasification furnace comprises a feeding cavity, a drying cavity, a pyrolysis cavity, a reduction cavity and an oxidation cavity, the heat insulation component is arranged outside the feeding cavity and the drying cavity, the cooling component is arranged outside the pyrolysis cavity and the reduction cavity, a spiral channel is spirally arranged outside the gasification furnace, the heat insulation component is connected above the spiral channel, the cooling component is connected below the spiral channel, and the lower part of the cooling component is communicated with the exhaust purification box. According to the invention, the heat preservation assembly and the cooling assembly are arranged on the outer wall of the gasification furnace, so that the water evaporation of the biomass in the gasification furnace can be promoted by utilizing the waste heat of the exhaust gas, the stability of the gasification reaction is improved, and meanwhile, the tar component contained in the exhaust gas can be collected after being condensed, and the cleanness degree of the exhaust gas is improved.)

1. A biomass high-temperature gasification device comprises a gasification furnace, a heat insulation component, a cooling component and an exhaust purification box (27), and is characterized in that the gasification furnace comprises a feeding cavity (5), a drying cavity (6), a pyrolysis cavity (7), a reduction cavity (8) and an oxidation cavity (9), the feeding cavity (5), the drying cavity (6), the pyrolysis cavity (7), the reduction cavity (8) and the oxidation cavity (9) are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the heat insulation component is arranged outside the feeding cavity (5) and the drying cavity (6), the cooling component is arranged outside the pyrolysis cavity (7) and the reduction cavity (8), the heat insulation component comprises a heat insulation shell (14), a heat insulation padding (16) and a spiral channel I (17), the cooling component comprises a cooling shell (19), a heat dissipation fin plate (21), a spiral channel II (22) and a heat exchange rod (23), wherein the spiral channel I (17) and the spiral channel II (22) are spirally arranged outside the gasification furnace, the afterbody and the fixed linking to each other in spiral channel two (22) top of spiral channel (17), spiral channel one (17) outside fixed mounting has lagging casing (14), spiral channel two (22) outside fixed mounting has cooling shell (19), the bottom of lagging casing (14) links to each other with the top welding of cooling shell (19), lagging casing (14) outside cover is equipped with insulation padding (16), cooling shell (19) outside is equipped with a plurality of heat dissipation fin boards (21) and heat transfer stick (23), the cooling module below is linked together with exhaust purification case (27).

2. The high-temperature biomass gasification device according to claim 1, wherein the gasification furnace comprises a furnace body (1), an air inlet cavity (10) and exhaust pipe holes (13), a plurality of exhaust pipe holes (13) are formed in the side edge of the feeding cavity (5), the exhaust pipe holes (13) are formed in the furnace body (1), the gasification furnace is communicated with the heat insulation assembly through the exhaust pipe holes (13), the air inlet cavity (10) is arranged below the oxidation cavity (9), and the air pump (11) is connected to the right side of the air inlet cavity (10).

3. The biomass high-temperature gasification device according to claim 1, wherein the first spiral channel (17) and the second spiral channel (22) are spirally arranged on the outer wall of the furnace body (1), and the spiral inclination angles of the first spiral channel (17) and the second spiral channel (22) are between 30 and 45 degrees.

4. The high-temperature biomass gasification device according to claim 3, wherein a first exhaust flow channel (18) is arranged between the first spiral channels (17), a second exhaust flow channel (25) is arranged between the second spiral channels (22), and the first exhaust flow channel (18) is communicated with the second exhaust flow channel (25).

5. The high-temperature biomass gasification device according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of leakage holes (24) are formed in the middle of the second spiral channel (22), and the leakage holes (24) are perpendicular to the ground.

6. The biomass high-temperature gasification device according to claim 5, wherein the heat exchange rod (23) is installed inside the second spiral channel (22), the outer side of the heat exchange rod (23) is arranged outside the cooling shell (19), the inner side of the heat exchange rod (23) is fixedly installed inside the second spiral channel (22), and the leak holes (24) are arranged between gaps of the heat exchange rod (23).

7. The high-temperature biomass gasification device according to claim 6, wherein a heat insulation padding (20) is arranged between the spiral channel II (22) and the furnace body (1), and the spiral channel II (22) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the furnace body (1) through the heat insulation padding (20).

8. The biomass high-temperature gasification device according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust purification box (27) comprises an exhaust port (28), a partition plate (29) and an alkaline aqueous solution (30), wherein the bottom of the exhaust purification box (27) is filled with the alkaline aqueous solution (30), the partition plate (29) is arranged above the alkaline aqueous solution (30), the partition plate (29) is arranged in the middle of the exhaust purification box (27) and the alkaline aqueous solution (30), a gap is arranged between the bottom of the partition plate (29) and the exhaust purification box (27), and the exhaust port (28) is connected to the right side of the exhaust purification box (27).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of fuel gas preparation, in particular to a biomass high-temperature gasification device.

Background

China is a big agricultural country, and a large amount of agricultural wastes such as straws, corn stalks, rice husks, wheat straws, coconut shells, wood scraps and the like and some waste building templates can be converted into usable fuel gas through a biomass gasification furnace every year. With the continuous promotion of construction work in new rural areas in China and the gradual emphasis on the quality of indoor air in the rural areas, the agenda schedule has been proposed for accelerating the popularization of the biomass stoves with high efficiency and low emission in the rural areas, governments in various areas have also developed strategies for supporting and subsidizing the plants one after another, the strength for popularizing the biomass stoves with high efficiency and low emission for users in the rural areas is increased, and the household updraught type gasification furnace is taken as a stove which is mainly widely used and also meets good opportunity and wide space.

The working process of the biomass gasification furnace is divided into four stages: the biomass is converted into the required clean combustible gas, namely wood gas, through the four stages, wherein the main components of the wood gas are hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and the wood gas is mainly obtained through incomplete combustion. The four stages of the gasification process are not clearly defined, even several processes can occur simultaneously, when the biomass raw material flowing downwards is dried by flowing hot gas to remove moisture, the biomass raw material enters a cracking zone to undergo cracking reaction, the generated coke enters a reduction zone to undergo reduction reaction with the hot gas generated by an oxidation zone, in the pyrolysis stage, the biomass is decomposed into charcoal and various liquid-gas mixtures under the action of a heat source and under the anoxic condition, the carbon dioxide and the moisture undergo chemical reaction with the extremely active roasted charcoal to generate combustible hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and finally the coke not consumed in the reduction zone enters the oxidation zone to undergo oxidation reaction with the air entering the furnace.

In the exhaust process of the biomass gasification furnace, because the gas contains incompletely combusted tar components, when the exhaust gas wrapped with combustion heat is discharged outwards through a pipeline, the tar components in the gas can be condensed and gathered after the temperature is reduced to two hundred degrees, so that the pipeline and a valve are blocked, the gasification furnace is easily damaged, the heat contained in the exhaust gas is wasted, and the conversion efficiency of the gasification furnace is reduced.

Therefore, it is desirable to provide a high-temperature biomass gasification device, which aims to solve the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the defects in the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a high temperature biomass gasification device to solve the above problems in the background art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a biomass high-temperature gasification device comprises a gasification furnace, a heat insulation component, a cooling component and an exhaust purification box, wherein the gasification furnace comprises a feeding cavity, a drying cavity, a pyrolysis cavity, a reduction cavity and an oxidation cavity, the feeding cavity, the drying cavity, the pyrolysis cavity, the reduction cavity and the oxidation cavity are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the heat insulation component is arranged outside the feeding cavity and the drying cavity, the cooling component is arranged outside the pyrolysis cavity and the reduction cavity, the heat insulation component comprises a heat insulation shell, a heat insulation padding and a spiral channel I, the cooling component comprises a cooling shell, a heat dissipation fin plate, a spiral channel II and a heat exchange rod, the spiral channel I and the spiral channel II are spirally arranged outside the gasification furnace, the tail part of the spiral channel I is connected with the top part of the spiral channel II, the heat insulation shell is fixedly arranged outside the spiral channel I, the cooling shell is fixedly arranged outside the spiral channel II, and the lower part, the outside cover of heat preservation shell is equipped with the heat preservation bedding material, and the cooling shell outside is equipped with a plurality of heat dissipation fin boards and heat exchange stick, and cooling unit below communicates with exhaust purification case.

As a further scheme of the invention, the gasification furnace comprises a furnace body, an air inlet cavity and exhaust pipe holes, wherein a plurality of exhaust pipe holes are formed in the side edge of the feeding cavity, the exhaust pipe holes are formed in the furnace body, the gasification furnace is communicated with the heat insulation assembly through the exhaust pipe holes, the air inlet cavity is arranged below the oxidation cavity, and the right side of the air inlet cavity is connected with an air pump.

As a further scheme of the invention, the first spiral channel and the second spiral channel are spirally arranged on the outer wall of the furnace body, and the spiral inclination angles of the first spiral channel and the second spiral channel are between 30 and 45 degrees.

As a further scheme of the invention, a first exhaust flow channel is arranged between the first spiral channels, a second exhaust flow channel is arranged between the second spiral channels, and the first exhaust flow channel is communicated with the second exhaust flow channel.

As a further scheme of the invention, the middle part of the spiral channel II is provided with a plurality of leak holes, and the leak holes are vertical to the ground.

As a further scheme of the invention, the heat exchange rod is arranged in the spiral channel II, the outer side of the heat exchange rod is arranged outside the cooling shell, the inner side of the heat exchange rod is fixedly arranged in the spiral channel II, and the leak holes are arranged between gaps of the heat exchange rod.

As a further scheme of the invention, a heat insulation padding is arranged between the spiral channel II and the furnace body, and the spiral channel II is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the furnace body through the heat insulation padding.

As a further scheme of the invention, the exhaust purification box comprises an exhaust port, a partition plate and an alkaline water solution, wherein the alkaline water solution is filled at the bottom of the exhaust purification box, the partition plate is arranged above the alkaline water solution and arranged in the middle of the exhaust purification box and the alkaline water solution, a gap is formed between the bottom of the partition plate and the exhaust purification box, and the exhaust port is connected to the right side of the exhaust purification box.

In summary, compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the invention, the heat insulation assembly and the cooling assembly are arranged on the outer wall of the gasification furnace, so that on one hand, the water evaporation of the biomass in the drying cavity can be promoted by utilizing the residual heat effect of the exhaust gas, the stability of the gasification reaction is improved, on the other hand, the tar component contained in the exhaust gas can be collected after being condensed through the cooling assembly, the cleanness degree of the exhaust gas is improved, and the gasification furnace has excellent purification capacity.

To more clearly illustrate the structural features and effects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic structural view of a cooling module in an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a second spiral channel in the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of an exhaust gas purifying tank in the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Reference numerals: 1-furnace body, 2-furnace cover, 3-thread teeth, 4-handle, 5-feeding cavity, 6-drying cavity, 7-pyrolysis cavity, 8-reduction cavity, 9-oxidation cavity, 10-air inlet cavity, 11-air pump, 12-air outlet, 13-air exhaust pipe hole, 14-heat preservation shell, 15-flow guide wall, 16-heat preservation padding, 17-spiral channel I, 18-exhaust channel I, 19-cooling shell, 20-heat insulation padding, 21-heat dissipation fin plate, 22-spiral channel II, 23-heat exchange rod, 24-leak hole, 25-exhaust channel II, 26-bottom plate, 27-exhaust purification box, 28-air outlet, 29-partition plate, 30-alkaline water solution, 31-exhaust purification box, 28-pipe orifice, 31-water outlet, 32-sealing cover, 33-screw thread and 34-scald preventing handle.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Specific implementations of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1-5, a biomass high-temperature gasification device comprises a gasification furnace, a heat preservation assembly, a cooling assembly and an exhaust purification box 27, wherein the gasification furnace comprises a furnace body 1, a feeding cavity 5, a drying cavity 6, a pyrolysis cavity 7, a reduction cavity 8, an oxidation cavity 9, an air inlet cavity 10 and an exhaust pipe hole 13, a furnace cover 2 is arranged above the furnace body 1, a handle 4 is arranged at the top of the furnace cover 2, the furnace cover 2 is rotatably connected with the furnace body 1 through a thread tooth 3, the feeding cavity 5, the drying cavity 6, the pyrolysis cavity 7, the reduction cavity 8 and the oxidation cavity 9 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, a plurality of exhaust pipe holes 13 are arranged at the side edge of the feeding cavity 5, the exhaust pipe holes 13 are arranged on the furnace body 1, the gasification furnace is communicated with the heat preservation assembly through the exhaust pipe holes 13, the air inlet cavity 10 is arranged below the oxidation cavity 9, the right side of the air inlet cavity 10 is connected with an, the cooling component is arranged outside the pyrolysis cavity 7 and the reduction cavity 8, the heat preservation component comprises a heat preservation shell 14, a heat preservation padding 16 and a spiral channel I17, the cooling component comprises a cooling shell 19, radiating fins 21, a spiral channel II 22 and a heat exchange rod 23, wherein the spiral channel I17 and the spiral channel II 22 are spirally arranged outside the gasification furnace, the tail part of the spiral channel I17 is connected with the top part of the spiral channel II 22, the heat preservation shell 14 is fixedly arranged outside the spiral channel I17, the cooling shell 19 is fixedly arranged outside the spiral channel II 22, the lower part of the heat preservation shell 14 is connected with the cooling shell 19 in a welding way, the heat preservation padding 16 is sleeved outside the heat preservation shell 14, the plurality of radiating fins 21 and the heat exchange rod 23 are arranged outside the cooling shell 19, the lower part of the cooling component is communicated with an exhaust purification box 27, and the spiral channel I17 and the spiral channel II 22, the spiral inclination angles of the first spiral channel 17 and the second spiral channel 22 are between 30 and 45 degrees.

Be equipped with exhaust flow channel 18 between spiral channel 17, be equipped with exhaust flow channel two 25 between spiral channel two 22, exhaust flow channel 18 is linked together with exhaust flow channel two 25, a plurality of small openings 24 have been seted up at spiral channel two 22 middle parts, small opening 24 and the perpendicular setting of ground, spiral channel two 22 internally mounted has heat exchange rod 23, the heat exchange rod 23 outside sets up outside cooling shell 19, the inboard fixed mounting of heat exchange rod 23 is inside spiral channel two 22, small opening 24 sets up between the clearance of heat exchange rod 23, be equipped with thermal-insulated bedding 20 between spiral channel two 22 and the furnace body 1, spiral channel two 22 is through thermal-insulated bedding 20 fixed connection on the outer wall of furnace body 1.

The exhaust purification box 27 comprises an exhaust port 28, a partition 29 and an alkaline water solution 30, wherein the bottom of the exhaust purification box 27 is filled with the alkaline water solution 30, the partition 29 is arranged above the alkaline water solution 30, the partition 29 is arranged in the middle of the exhaust purification box 27 and the alkaline water solution 30, a gap is arranged between the bottom of the partition 29 and the exhaust purification box 27, and the right side of the exhaust purification box 27 is connected with the exhaust port 28.

The working principle of the invention is as follows: when the biomass high-temperature gasification device needs to be used, firstly, the upper furnace cover 2 is opened, then the biomass raw material to be oxidized and reduced is added into the furnace body 1, then the furnace cover 2 is closed, the biomass fuel in the furnace body 1 is ignited, air is continuously pumped into the air inlet cavity 10 through the air pump 11 below the furnace body 1, the reaction rate in the oxidation cavity 9 is improved, the biomass raw material flowing downwards is dried in the drying cavity 6 by the hot gas flowing upwards to remove moisture, then the dried biomass enters the pyrolysis cavity 7 to absorb heat to perform cracking reaction to separate out volatile components, the generated coke immediately enters the lower reduction cavity 8 to perform reduction reaction with the hot gas generated by the oxidation cavity 9 to generate combustible gas such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the coke which is not consumed in the reduction area enters the lower oxidation cavity 9 to perform oxidation reaction with the air entering the furnace, and ash falls into the air inlet cavity 10, in the oxidation-reduction reaction, the temperature of the oxidation cavity 9 can reach more than 1000 ℃ at most, so as to provide the required heat for the reaction of the whole gasification furnace, the heat is transferred in turn through the hot gas flowing upwards, and mixed gas is generated in the drying cavity 6, the pyrolysis cavity 7, the reduction cavity 8 and the oxidation cavity 9, the gas contains tar, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and other components, the generated gas escapes from the exhaust pipe hole 13 after reaching the top of the furnace body 1 and enters the heat-insulating layer outside the furnace body 1, the gas starts to be discharged downwards along the exhaust flow passage I18 under the flow guiding action of the flow guiding wall 15, and the heat-insulating padding 16 is sleeved on the outer wall of the heat-insulating shell 14, so that the heat trapped in the gas continuously heats and insulates the feeding cavity 5 and the drying cavity 6, the water on the surface of the biomass can be evaporated by effectively utilizing the waste heat, and the particle size of the fuel formed by the, the bridging which retards the flow is not easy to form, the stability of the gasification reaction is stronger, after the gas continuously flows downwards through the exhaust flow passage one 18, the gas enters the exhaust flow passage two 25 from the exhaust flow passage one 18, because the heat exchange rod 23 is inserted in the spiral flow passage two 22 in the cold area component, and the plurality of heat dissipation fin plates 21 are installed on the outer wall of the cooling shell 19, the temperature of the gas begins to rapidly decrease, when the temperature of the gas is lower than 200 ℃, tar components contained in the gas begin to condense, the condensed tar components are adsorbed on the surface of the spiral flow passage two 22, and because the tar is in a liquid state, the converged tar droplets flow on the surface of the inclined spiral flow passage two 22, and drop downwards through the leakage holes 24 on the spiral flow passage two 22, finally drop on the bottom plate 26 and then flow into the exhaust purification box 27, at this time, carbon monoxide and hydrogen contained in the gas rapidly pass through the exhaust purification box 27 and then are discharged from the exhaust port 28 on the right side, the liquefied tar is left in the exhaust gas purification tank 27.

The advantage of this embodiment lies in, through be equipped with heat preservation subassembly and cooling module on the gasifier outer wall, can utilize exhaust gas's waste heat effect to promote the moisture evaporation of living beings in the dry chamber 6 on the one hand, and on the other hand can collect the tar component condensation back that contains in the exhaust gas through the cooling module, improves exhaust gas's clean degree, reduces the tar and with pipeline and valve blocking's possibility to reduce the tar incomplete combustion and produce the possibility of poisoning gas.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 6, a biomass high-temperature gasification device has a main structure the same as that of embodiment 1, a furnace cover 2 is improved, a pipe opening 31, a sealing cover 32, a thread 33 and an anti-scald handle 34 are additionally arranged above the furnace cover 2, wherein the pipe opening 31 is fixedly arranged above the furnace cover 2, the sealing cover 32 is arranged above the pipe opening 31, the sealing cover 32 is rotatably connected with the pipe opening 31 through the thread 33, and the anti-scald handle 24 is arranged above the sealing cover 32.

The working principle of the invention is as follows: when biomass is subjected to cracking reaction in a gasification furnace, due to poor fluidity caused by stacking density of biomass raw materials and a long fibrous structure of the biomass raw materials, bridging phenomenon in the furnace can be caused, local over-burning or local dead fire can easily occur, holes are formed and expanded into through holes, the stability of gasification reaction in the furnace is seriously damaged, if a furnace cover is directly uncovered for barrel material, gas production can be stopped, and simultaneously a large amount of smoke can be formed, after bridging occurs in the furnace, a sealing cover 32 above the furnace cover 2 can be unscrewed and then poked through an insertion rod, bridged biomass fuel is poked flat, and the reaction is promoted to be normally carried out.

The embodiment has the advantages that when the bridging state occurs in the gasification furnace, the inserted rod can be inserted into the gasification furnace through the pipe orifice 31 at the top for operation, and the gas production failure caused by directly opening the upper cover of the gasification furnace is avoided.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "left side", "bottom", "right side", "top", "upper", "one side", "inner", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, it should be noted that unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and can include, for example, fixed connections, removable connections, or integral connections; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the terms may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate, and may be used for communicating the inside of two elements or interacting relation of two elements, unless otherwise specifically defined, and the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.