阅读说明：本技术 阀 (Valve with a valve body ) 是由 艾伯特·A·沃思 克莱门斯·E·佐尔纳 于 2019-11-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本公开提供一种阀,所述阀包括：阀体；以及阀杆,所述阀杆至少部分地设置在所述阀体内,所述阀杆包括限定中心内腔的侧壁和所述侧壁中的至少一个开口,其中所述阀适于在所述至少一个开口设置在所述阀体内时防止流体流过所述内腔,以及在所述至少一个开口从所述阀体露出时允许流体流过所述内腔,并且其中所述阀基本上不包含弹簧。(The present disclosure provides a valve comprising: a valve body; and a valve stem at least partially disposed within the valve body, the valve stem comprising a sidewall defining a central lumen and at least one opening in the sidewall, wherein the valve is adapted to prevent fluid flow through the lumen when the at least one opening is disposed within the valve body and to allow fluid flow through the lumen when the at least one opening is exposed from the valve body, and wherein the valve contains substantially no spring.)

1. A valve, the valve comprising:

a valve body; and

a valve stem at least partially disposed within the valve body, the valve stem comprising a sidewall defining a central lumen and at least one opening in the sidewall,

wherein the valve is adapted to prevent fluid flow through the internal cavity when the at least one opening is disposed within the valve body and to allow fluid flow through the internal cavity when the at least one opening is exposed from the valve body, and wherein the valve contains substantially no spring.

2. The valve of claim 1, wherein the valve is adapted to selectively restrict fluid flow relative to a pouch containing a bioactive or pharmaceutical composition.

3. The valve of claim 1, wherein the valve stem defines a locking flange extending from the sidewall, and wherein the locking flange is adapted to engage with a retaining member to selectively retain the valve stem in an open configuration and a closed configuration.

4. The valve of claim 3, wherein the valve body defines first and second stop members spaced apart by an adjustment length, and wherein the locking flange is translatable along the adjustment length.

5. The valve of claim 4, wherein the locking flange is adapted to contact the first stop member when the valve is in the open configuration and to contact the second stop member when the valve is in the closed configuration.

6. The valve of claim 4, wherein the retaining member is mountable between the first and second stop members.

7. The valve of claim 4, wherein retaining member is adapted to contact the second stop member when the valve is in the open configuration and to contact the first stop member when the valve is in the closed configuration.

8. The valve of claim 4, wherein the retaining member is movable between an engaged position and a disengaged position.

9. The valve of claim 1, wherein the valve stem is translatable within the valve body, and wherein an opening force F required to move the valve stem to the open configuration_OSubstantially equal to a closing force F required to move the valve stem to the closed configuration_CAs measured when the fluid pressures on both longitudinal ends of the valve stem are approximately equal.

10. The valve of claim 1, wherein a first longitudinal end of the central lumen of the valve stem is closed.

11. The valve of claim 1, wherein the at least one opening comprises a plurality of openings.

12. The valve of claim 1, wherein the valve comprises:

a first seal disposed between the valve stem and the valve body at a location between the at least one opening and the second longitudinal end of the valve stem; and

a second seal disposed between the valve stem and the valve body at a location between the first longitudinal end of the valve stem and the at least one opening.

13. The valve of claim 1, wherein the valve stem defines a barbed interface adjacent the second longitudinal end adapted to receive a fluid conduit.

14. An assembly, the assembly comprising:

a fluid reservoir;

a valve adapted to restrict fluid flow relative to the fluid reservoir, the valve comprising:

a valve body; and

a valve stem at least partially disposed within the valve body, the valve stem comprising a sidewall defining a central lumen and at least one opening in the sidewall,

wherein the valve is translatable between an open configuration and a closed configuration, and wherein in the open configuration fluid flow is communicated directly between the lumen and the fluid reservoir through the at least one opening.

15. A method of operating a valve, the method comprising:

removing a retaining member disposed between the first stop member and the locking flange of the valve stem;

translating the valve stem in a longitudinal direction; and

mounting the retaining member between the second locking member of the valve stem and the locking flange.

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to valves.

Background

Valves may be utilized to restrict fluid flow between two or more fluid conduits. In particular, the valve may be used in pharmaceutical and biological applications to allow for selectively restricting fluid flow, for example, in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions.

The pharmaceutical and biological industries continue to demand improved valve designs to minimize damage to fluid components and to improve operating efficiency and sterility.

Drawings

The embodiments are shown by way of example and are not intended to be limited by the drawings.

FIG. 1 includes a perspective view of a valve according to one embodiment.

FIG. 2 includes a perspective view of a valve stem of a valve according to one embodiment.

FIG. 3 includes a cross-sectional view of the valve stem as seen along line A-A in FIG. 2 according to one embodiment.

Fig. 4 includes a cross-sectional view of a valve in a closed configuration according to an embodiment.

FIG. 5 includes a cross-sectional view of a valve stem in an open configuration according to an embodiment.

FIG. 6 includes a perspective view of a valve including a sanitary joint according to one embodiment.

Fig. 7 includes a cross-sectional view of the valve of fig. 6 in an open configuration according to an embodiment.

FIG. 8 includes a perspective view of a valve including a sensor according to one embodiment.

Fig. 9 includes a cross-sectional view of the valve of fig. 8 in an open configuration according to an embodiment.

Fig. 10 and 11 include perspective views of a valve according to an embodiment.

FIG. 12 includes a perspective view of a valve according to one embodiment.

FIG. 13 includes a cross-sectional view of the valve of FIG. 12 as seen along line B-B in FIG. 12, in accordance with one embodiment.

Detailed Description

The following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings is provided to assist in understanding the teachings disclosed herein. The following discussion will focus on specific implementations and examples of the present teachings. This emphasis is provided to help describe the teachings and should not be construed as limiting the scope or applicability of the present teachings. However, other embodiments may be used based on the teachings disclosed in this patent application.

The term "consisting of," "including," "containing," "having," "with," or any other variation thereof, is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of features is not necessarily limited to only those features but may include other features not expressly listed or inherent to such method, article, or apparatus. In addition, "or" means an inclusive "or" rather than an exclusive "or" unless expressly specified otherwise. For example, any of the following conditions a or B may be satisfied: a is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), a is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both a and B are true (or present).

The terms "generally," "substantially," "approximately," and the like are intended to encompass the range of deviation from the stated value. In particular embodiments, the terms "substantially", "approximately" and the like refer to a deviation in any one of the following directions of the value: within 10% of the value; within 9% of the value; within 8% of the value; within 7% of the value; within 6% of the value; within 5% of the value; within 4% of the value; within 3% of the value; within 2% of the value; or within 1% of the value.

Also, the use of "a" or "an" is used to describe elements and components described herein. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the scope of the invention. Unless clearly indicated otherwise, such description should be understood to include one, at least one, or the singular also includes the plural, or vice versa. For example, when a single item is described herein, more than one item may be used in place of a single item. Similarly, where more than one item is described herein, a single item may be substituted for more than one item.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting. Many details regarding specific materials and processing methods are conventional and can be found in textbooks and other sources within the valve and fluid delivery arts, regarding aspects not described herein.

According to one aspect described herein, a valve may include a valve body and a valve stem at least partially disposed within the valve body. The valve stem may include a sidewall defining a central lumen and at least one opening in the sidewall. The valve is adapted to prevent fluid flow through the internal cavity when the at least one opening is disposed within the valve body and to allow fluid flow through the internal cavity when the at least one opening is exposed from the valve body. In particular embodiments, the valve may contain substantially no spring.

According to another aspect described herein, a valve may include a valve body and a valve stem at least partially disposed within the valve body. The valve stem is translatable between an open configuration and a closed configuration. The retaining member may be adapted to be selectively mounted relative to the valve stem. The retaining member may be adapted to selectively retain the valve stem in the open configuration and the closed configuration.

In particular instances, the valve may be adapted to selectively restrict fluid flow relative to a pouch containing the bioactive or pharmaceutical composition. In one embodiment, the valve may define a locking flange extending from the sidewall and adapted to engage with the retaining member to selectively retain the valve stem in the open configuration and the closed configuration. In another embodiment, the opening force F required to move the valve stem to the open configuration is applied_OOr the closing force F required to move the valve stem to the closed configuration_CIn time, the valve stem may translate within the valve body. In some cases, F when the fluid pressures on both longitudinal ends of the valve stem are approximately equal_OAnd F_CMay be approximately equal.

In one embodiment, the valve body defines an axial length as measured between its first and second longitudinal ends that is less than an axial length of the valve stem as measured between its first and second longitudinal ends. In another embodiment, the first longitudinal end of the valve stem is closed. In a more particular embodiment, the first longitudinal end of the valve stem may include a substantially planar surface. The substantially planar surface may extend along a plane that is substantially perpendicular to a central axis of the lumen.

In some cases, the at least one opening may include a plurality of openings. In one embodiment, the planar surface disposed on the first longitudinal end of the valve stem may be tangential to the at least one opening.

In the open configuration, the at least one opening may be adapted to extend at least partially past the first longitudinal end of the valve body. In the closed configuration, the at least one opening may be adapted to be disposed between the first longitudinal end and the second longitudinal end of the valve body.

The valve may include a first seal disposed between the valve stem and the valve body at a location between the at least one opening and the second longitudinal end of the valve stem. The valve may further comprise a second seal disposed between the valve stem and the valve body at a location between the first longitudinal end of the valve stem and the at least one opening.

In some cases, a valve may be installed in the fluid system between the first fluid conduit and the second fluid conduit. The first longitudinal end of the valve body may be disposed closer to the first fluid conduit. Fluid flow between the first fluid conduit and the second fluid conduit may pass directly between the second fluid conduit and the internal cavity through an opening in the second longitudinal end of the valve stem and directly between the internal cavity and the first fluid conduit through at least one opening.

In one embodiment, the valve stem may define a barbed interface adjacent the second longitudinal end. The barbed interface may be adapted to receive a fluid conduit, such as one of the previously described fluid conduits. In a particular embodiment, the barb interface may be adapted to receive a fluid hose.

FIG. 1 includes a perspective view of a valve 100 according to one embodiment. The valve 100 may generally include a valve body 102 and a valve stem 104 at least partially disposed within the valve body 102. The valve stem 104 may be adapted to translate within an opening in the valve body 102 to move between an open configuration and a closed configuration. In the open configuration, the valve 100 may allow fluid to pass between two or more fluid conduits. In the closed configuration, the valve 100 may prevent fluid from passing between two or more fluid conduits.

In one embodiment, the valve body 102 may have an axial length L as measured between the first longitudinal end 106 and the second longitudinal end 108_BWhich is less than the longitudinal length L of the valve stem 104 as measured between the first and second longitudinal ends 110, 112_S. For example, in certain cases, L_BMay be not more than 0.99L_SNot more than 0.98L_SNot more than 0.97L_SNot more than 0.96L_SNot more than 0.95L_SNot more than 0.9L_SOr not more than 0.85L_S. In another case, L_BMay be not less than 0.1L_SNot less than 0.2L_SNot less than 0.3L_SNot less than 0.4L_SNot less than 0.5L_SNot less than 0.6L_SNot less than 0.7L_SOr not less than 0.8L_S. In some instances, the second longitudinal end 112 of the valve stem 104 may extend past the second longitudinal end 108 of the valve body 102 when the valve 100 is in the open configuration and the closed configuration.

In one embodiment, the valve 100 is adjustable between a closed configuration (fig. 4) and an open configuration (fig. 5). In certain embodiments, the valve 100 may be repeatedly adjusted between an open configuration and a closed configuration. In this manner, an operator may selectively switch the valve 100 between an open configuration and a closed configuration. In another particular embodiment, the valve 100 can only be adjusted once between the open configuration and the closed configuration. That is, for example, the valve 100 may be adapted for single use operation. By way of non-limiting example, the valve 100 may transition from a closed configuration to an open configuration and remain fixed in the open configuration. A strut, clamp, or alternate disposable mechanism may prevent translation of the valve stem 104 after a single adjustment. This may be particularly suitable for single use system applications, such as single use biopharmaceutical mixing bags. In some instances, the valve 100 may include a single use member (not shown) adapted to hold the valve stem in an open configuration after being moved to the valve stem 104.

Referring to fig. 4, in one embodiment, the first longitudinal end 106 of the valve body 102 and the first longitudinal end 110 of the valve stem 104 may be disposed along a substantially same plane when the valve 100 is in the closed configuration. In more particular embodiments, the first longitudinal ends 106 and 110 can be disposed along the same plane when the valve 100 is in the closed configuration. The second longitudinal end 108 of the valve body 102 may be disposed between the first longitudinal end 110 and the second longitudinal end 112 of the valve stem 104 when the valve 100 is in the closed configuration.

Referring to fig. 5, in one embodiment, the first longitudinal end 106 of the valve body 102 may be disposed between the first longitudinal end 110 and the second longitudinal end 112 of the valve stem 104 when the valve 100 is in the open configuration. The second longitudinal end 108 of the valve body 104 may be disposed between the first longitudinal end 110 and the second longitudinal end 112 of the valve stem 104 when the valve 100 is in the open configuration.

Referring again to fig. 1, the valve body 102 may include a cylindrical portion 114 coupled with a flange 116. In one embodiment, the flange 116 may be coupled with the cylindrical portion 114 at or adjacent the first longitudinal end 106 of the valve body 102. The flange 116 may define a maximum diameter D_MFWhich is greater than the maximum diameter D of the cylindrical portion 114_MCP. For example, D_MFMay be at least 1.01D_MCPAt least 1.02D_MCPAt least 1.03D_MCPAt least 1.04D_MCPAt least 1.05D_MCPAt least 1.1D_MCPAt least 1.2D_MCPOr at least 1.3D_MCP. In another embodiment, D_MFMay be not more than 15D_MCPNot more than 12D_MCPNot more than 10D_MCPNot more than 7D_MCPNot more than 5D_MCPOr not more than 2D_MCP. In certain embodiments, the flange 116 may be adapted to be welded to a fluid conduit, such as a flexible bag or other fluid container. In more particular embodiments, the flange 116 may be adapted to be sonically welded to the fluid conduit.

In one embodiment, the flange 114 may be generally flat. In more particular embodiments, the flange 114 may be flat.

In some instances, the cylindrical portion 114 of the valve body 102 may include an operating region 118 in which an operator may manipulate the valve 100, such as viewing the valve stem 104, adjusting a retaining member 120 adapted to selectively retain the valve stem 104 in a desired configuration, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the operating region 118 is spaced apart from the flange 116. In more particular embodiments, the operating zone 118 may be disposed at or adjacent the second longitudinal end 108 of the valve body 102.

The operating region 118 of the valve body 102 may include one or more apertures 122 through which the valve stem 104 may be visible from the external environment. In one embodiment, one or more of the apertures 122 may include a retaining member aperture 124 adapted to allow a user to engage the retaining member 120. In another embodiment, one or more of the apertures 122 may include a gripping member 126 adapted to prevent the valve stem 104 from being undesirably disengaged from the valve body 102. The clamping member 126 may comprise, for example, a portion of the valve body 102 having a lip or other retaining member adapted to prevent removal of the valve stem 104 from the valve body 102. During installation of the valve stem 104 with the valve body 102, the clamping member 126 may be displaced in a radial direction (e.g., radially outward) to allow passage of the valve stem 104 therethrough. After installation, the clamping member 126 may bounce toward the valve stem 104 and prevent the valve stem 104 from being undesirably removed from the valve body 102. In certain instances, the valve 100 may include one clamping member 126. In other instances, the valve 100 may include a plurality of gripping members 126, such as at least two gripping members 126. The plurality of gripping members 126 may be spaced apart from one another, such as in different apertures 122 within the operating zone 118 or within the same aperture 122.

In one embodiment, the retaining member aperture 124 may have a different shape or size than the aperture 122 containing the clamping member 126. In another embodiment, the retaining member aperture 124 and the aperture containing the clamping member 126 may be the same size or shape as one another. In certain instances, the retaining member bore 124 and the bore 122 containing the clamping member 126 may be disposed along the same circumferential line extending around the circumference of the valve body 102.

In the illustrated embodiment, the operating region 118 may have a greater radial height than the remaining area of the cylindrical portion 114. In another embodiment, the operating region 118 may be at the same radial height as the remaining area of the cylindrical portion 114. In yet another embodiment, the operating region 118 may be at a lower radial height than the remaining area of the cylindrical portion 114.

Referring to fig. 2, the valve stem 104 may generally include a body 128 having a sidewall 130 (such as a generally cylindrical sidewall). The sidewall 130 may define a central lumen 132 (fig. 3) and at least one opening 134 extending through the sidewall 130. In one embodiment, the at least one opening 134 may extend from the external environment to the central lumen 132. That is, the central lumen 132 may be in fluid communication with the external environment through the at least one opening 134.

In one embodiment, the at least one opening 134 may include a plurality of openings, such as at least 2 openings, at least 3 openings, at least 4 openings, at least 5 openings, at least 6 openings, at least 7 openings, at least 8 openings, or at least 9 openings. In another embodiment, the at least one opening 134 may include no greater than 100 openings, no greater than 50 openings, or no greater than 20 openings. In one embodiment, at least two of the plurality of openings 134 may have the same size, the same shape, or both as each other. In more particular embodiments, all of the plurality of openings 134 may have the same size, the same shape, or both as one another. In another embodiment, at least two of the plurality of openings 134 may have different sizes, different shapes, or both from each other. In more particular embodiments, all of the plurality of openings 134 may have different sizes, different shapes, or both from one another.

The plurality of openings 134 may include openings arranged in columns, rows, or both. In one embodiment, the plurality of openings 134 may define at least two rows of openings extending around the circumference of the sidewall 130. In another embodiment, the plurality of openings 134 may define a first row of openings 134 and a second row of openings 134. In another embodiment, the plurality of openings 134 may define at least two columns of openings 134 disposed generally parallel to a line of the central axis of the valve 100.

FIG. 3 illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of the valve stem 104 according to one embodiment. The opening 134 shown in fig. 3 is defined by the rounded edges of the side walls 130. More specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, the opening 134 includes a circular cross-sectional shape. In another embodiment, at least one of the openings 134 may have a non-circular shape, such as a polygonal shape. In particular embodiments, at least one of the openings 134 may have a triangular shape, a quadrilateral shape, a pentagonal shape, a hexagonal shape, a heptagonal shape, an octagonal shape, a non-diagonal shape, a decagonal shape, or another polygonal shape.

In one embodiment, the valve stem 104 may have a closed longitudinal end. In a more particular embodiment, the first longitudinal end 110 of the valve stem 104 may be closed. In this manner, fluid cannot enter nor leave the central lumen 134 of the valve stem through the longitudinal end 110 of the valve stem 104. In one embodiment, the first longitudinal end 110 of the valve stem 104 includes a cap 136. The cover 136 may have a generally planar surface. The cover 136 may close the interior cavity 132 at the first longitudinal end 110. In one embodiment, the cap 136 may be integral with the sidewall 130 of the valve stem 104. For example, the cover 136 may be integral with the sidewall 130. In another embodiment, the cover 136 may comprise a discrete element coupled with the sidewall 130.

In one embodiment, the one or more openings 134 may be spaced from the longitudinal end of the valve stem 104. In another embodiment, the inner surface of the cover 136 may be tangential to at least one of the one or more openings 134. That is, for example, a location of at least one of the one or more openings 134 closest to the cover 136 may be tangent to a substantially planar surface of the cover 136.

Referring again to FIG. 2, in one embodiment, the valve stem 104 may define a plurality of grooves 138, each adapted to receive one or more seals 140 (FIG. 3). In one embodiment, the groove 138 may be adapted to receive an O-ring extending around the circumference of the valve stem 104. In more particular embodiments, the seals 140 may be located within the grooves 138 and extend past the outer surface of the valve stem 104 such that they may sealingly engage the inner surface of the valve body 102. In one embodiment, the groove 138 may have a depth D as measured from the surface of the valve stem 104_GSmaller than the diameter D of the seal 140 as adapted to be seated within the groove 138_S。

In one embodiment, the valve 100 may include a first groove location 138A disposed between the at least one opening 134 and the second longitudinal end 112 of the valve stem 104. In particular embodiments, the first groove location 138A can include at least one groove 138, at least two grooves 138, at least three grooves 138, or at least four grooves 138. In another embodiment, the valve 100 may include a second groove location 138B disposed between the first longitudinal end 110 of the valve stem 104 and the at least one opening 134. Each groove 138 may be adapted to receive at least one seal 140, such as at least two seals, at least three seals, at least four seals, or at least five seals. In certain embodiments, each groove 138 is adapted to receive one seal 140.

In particular instances, the valve stem 104 may include two grooves 138 at a first groove location 138A and one groove 138 at a second groove location 138B. In one embodiment, the at least one seal 140 disposed at the first groove location 138A may have the same shape, size, material composition, or any combination thereof as the seal 140 disposed at the second groove location 138B. In another embodiment, the at least one seal 140 disposed at the first groove location 138A may have a different shape size, material composition, or any combination thereof as compared to the seal 140 disposed at the second groove location 138B.

The seal 140 may prevent fluid flow between the valve stem 104 and the valve body 102 when the valve 100 is in both the open and closed configurations.

As shown in FIG. 2, in one embodiment, the valve stem 104 may include a hub 142 adapted to receive and engage a fluid conduit (not shown). In one embodiment, the interface 142 may be disposed at and adjacent to the second longitudinal end 112 of the valve stem 104. In one embodiment, the interface 142 may be adapted to form an interference fit with the fluid conduit. In more particular embodiments, the interface 142 may comprise a barbed interface adapted to receive and engage a fluid conduit. In another embodiment, the interface 142 may include a bayonet connection, a threaded engagement interface, a clip or tab interface, another fluid conduit interface, or any combination thereof.

In one embodiment, the valve stem 104 may define a locking flange 144 extending from the sidewall 130. The locking flange 144 may be adapted to engage the retaining member 120, the valve stem 104, or both, to selectively retain the valve 100 in the open and closed configurations. In one embodiment, the locking flange 144 may be visible from an exterior location of the valve body when the valve stem 104 is installed with the valve body 102. In a more particular embodiment, the locking flange 144 is at least partially visible through the aperture 122 of the valve body 104. In some instances, the locking flange 144 may be visible from an external position when the valve 100 is in the open and closed configurations.

In one embodiment, the clamping member 126 may be adapted to engage a complementary locking flange 156 of the valve stem 104 to prevent the valve stem 104 from being disengaged from the valve body 102. In some instances, the clamp member 126 may be at least partially disposed between the locking flange 144 and the complementary locking flange 156. More specifically, in one embodiment, a lip (not shown) of the clamp member 126 may be disposed between the locking flange 144 and the complementary locking flange 156. In some instances, the locking flange 144 and the complementary locking flange 156 may prevent the valve stem 104 from being axially displaced from the valve body 102 in both longitudinal directions.

Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the valve 100 in a closed configuration. Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the valve 100 in an open configuration. Referring initially to fig. 4, the valve body 102 may define a first stop member 146 and a second stop member 148 spaced apart from one another. In one embodiment, the first and second stop members 146, 148 are spaced apart from each other by an adjustment length L_A. The locking flange 144 is adjustable along an adjustment length L_AAnd (4) translating. In some cases, the locking flange 144 may be along the adjustment length L_AMinus the axial length L of the locking flange 144_ALFThe maximum distance is translated. In some cases, the length L is adjusted_ANot less than the shortest distance D between the first longitudinal end 110 of the valve stem and the at least one opening 134_O. For example, L_AMay be at least 1.01D_OAt least 1.02D_OAt least 1.03D_OAt least 1.04D_OAt least 1.05D_OAt least 1.1D_OOr at least 1.2D_O. In another example, L_AMay be not more than 20D_OA main shaft ofGreater than 15D_ONot more than 10D_ONot more than 5D_OOr not more than 2D_O。

In one embodiment, the locking flange 144 may be adapted to contact the first stop member 146 when the valve 100 is in the open configuration and the second stop member 148 when the valve 100 is in the closed configuration. The retaining member 120 may be mounted between the first and second stop members 146, 146 to prevent movement of the retaining member 120 when the valve 100 is selectively in the open or closed configuration.

In one embodiment, the retaining member 120 may be adapted to contact the first stop member 146 when the valve 100 is in the closed configuration and the second stop member 148 when the valve 100 is in the open configuration.

The retaining member 120 may define an axial length L_ARF. In one embodiment, the length L is adjusted_ALAt 0.95[ L ]_ARF+L_ALF]And 3.0[ L ]_ARF+L_ALF]In the range between 0.97[ L ]_ARF+L_ALF]And 1.5[ L ]_ARF+L_ALF]In the range between, or at 0.99[ L ]_ARF+L_ALF]And 1.1[ L ]_ARF+L_ALF]Within the range of (a). In a more particular embodiment, L_ALMay be substantially equal to 1.0[ L ]_ARF+L_ALF]. In this manner, the retaining member 120 may fit tightly between the locking flange 144 and the first or second stop member 146, 148.

Fig. 5 shows the valve 100 in an open configuration, wherein the one or more openings 134 extend at least partially beyond the first longitudinal end 106 of the valve body 102. The retaining member 120 is disposed between the locking flange 144 and the second stop member 148. In this position, fluid may pass from the second longitudinal end 112 of the valve stem 104, through the central lumen 132, and through the one or more openings 134. Alternatively, the fluid may pass through the one or more openings 134, through the central lumen 132, and out the second longitudinal end 112 of the valve stem 104.

In one embodiment, the retaining member 120 may be adapted to provide an indication to an operator when the retaining member 120 is properly positioned relative to the valve stem 104, the valve body 102, or both. The indication may include, for example, a tactile indication, an audible indication, or both.

In one embodiment, when the valve 100 is in the open configuration, the valve stem 104 defines an outer diameter D as measured at the at least one opening 134_VSOSmaller than the inner diameter D of the valve body 102 as measured at the at least one opening 134_VBI. In one embodiment, D_VSOMay be at least 1.01D_VBIAt least 1.02D_VBIAt least 1.03D_VBIAt least 1.04D_VBIAt least 1.05D_VBIOr at least 1.1D_VBI. In another embodiment, D_VSOMay be not more than 10D_VBINot more than 5D_VBIOr not more than 2D_VBI. In this manner, fluid flow through the at least one opening 134 may be communicated between the valve body 102 and the valve stem 104, as indicated by line 154 in fig. 5.

The retaining member 120 may generally define a body adapted to fit within a bore 122 of the valve body 102. Referring again to fig. 1, the retaining member 120 may include a gripping portion 150 adapted to be at least partially disposed about the valve stem 104 and a graspable portion 152 extending from the gripping portion 150 to allow a user to grasp same. The retaining member 120 is movable, such as selectively movable, between an engaged position with the valve 100 and a disengaged position relative to the valve 100. In one embodiment, the retaining member 120 is detachable from the valve body 102 or the valve stem 104. For example, when in the disengaged position, the retaining member 120 may be spaced apart from the valve stem 104 and the valve body 102.

In another embodiment, the retaining member may be adapted to remain in contact with at least one of the valve stem 104 and the valve body 102 when in the disengaged position. For example, referring to fig. 10 and 11, the retaining member 1002 may be rotatably coupled with the valve body 102 or the valve stem 104. The valve stem 104 may translate relative to the valve body 102 while rotatably biasing the retaining member 1002. Thus, for example, upon rotational movement of the retaining member 1002, the valve 100 may be moved between an open configuration and a closed configuration.

As shown, the retaining member 1002 may include a ramp 1004. The ramp 1004 may extend around at least a portion of the circumference of the retaining member 1002, such as at least 10% of the circumference, at least 20% of the circumference, at least 30% of the circumference, at least 40% of the circumference, or at least 50% of the circumference. The ramp 1004 may define a ramp angle of at least 1 °, at least 2 °, at least 3 °, at least 4 °, at least 5 °, at least 10 °, at least 15 °, at least 20 °, at least 25 °, or at least 30 °, as measured with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the valve stem 104. In one embodiment, the ramp 1004 may include a cut-out in the retaining member 1002. In particular embodiments, the cut may extend through a radial thickness of retaining member 1002, such as through the entire radial thickness of retaining member 1002.

In one embodiment, a portion 1006 of the valve stem 104 may extend through the valve body 102 to the retaining member 1002. The portion 1006 may engage the ramp 1004 such that rotationally biasing the retaining member 1002 affects linear translation of the valve stem 104 relative to the valve body 102. The valve 100 may move between an open configuration and a closed configuration as rotational movement is transferred to the retaining member 1002. In one embodiment, the ramp 1004, the portion 1006, or both may include a tactile indication to the operator when the retaining member 1002 transitions to an acceptable rotational distance. Further, the ramp 1004, the portion 1006, or both may be adapted to maintain the retaining member 1002 in a desired configuration after rotational adjustment thereof is completed.

In some cases, the retaining member 1002 may include a graspable portion, such as a textured surface 1008 (fig. 10), a tab or protrusion 1010 (fig. 11), another graspable surface, or any combination thereof. The retaining member 1002 may include markings 1012 to indicate the orientation operation of the retaining member 1002. For example, the markings 1012 may indicate the direction in which the retaining member 1002 is adjusted to open and close the valve 100. The indicia may include a color, text or symbols, surface characteristics, or another indicator element suitable for indicating to an operator how to adjust the valve 100. One or more complementary graspable elements 1014 may be included along the valve body 102 to facilitate easier rotational biasing of the retaining member 1002 relative to the valve body 102.

In an embodiment not shown, the valve stem 104 may be translated manually (e.g., independently of the retaining member 1002) after rotating the retaining member 1002 to a particular configuration suitable to allow translation of the valve stem 104. That is, for example, the retaining member 1002 need not impart translational motion to the valve stem 104 as the retaining member 1002 rotates. In certain embodiments, the retaining member 1002 may comprise a stop member adapted to prevent translation of the valve stem 104 when the retaining member 1002 is in a first rotational position and to allow translation of the valve stem 104 when the retaining member 1002 is in a second rotational position different from the first rotational position.

Fig. 12 and 13 illustrate another embodiment of a retaining member 1202 translatably coupled with the valve body 102 or the valve stem 104. Referring to fig. 13, retaining member 1202 may include adjustment region 1204 and locking region 1206. The adjustment region 1204 may correspond to an area of the retaining member 1202 adapted to allow adjustment of the valve stem between the open and closed configurations. The lockout region 1206 may correspond to an area of the retaining member 1202 adapted to prevent adjustment of the valve stem between the open and closed configurations.

In the illustrated embodiment, the retaining member 1202 may include one adjustment region 1204 and one locking region 1206. In another embodiment, retaining member 1202 includes a plurality of locking regions 1206 and a single adjustment region 1204. In a more particular embodiment, the adjustment region 1204 may be disposed between the lock regions 1206 and 1206. In another embodiment, retaining member 1202 includes a plurality of adjustment regions 1204 and a single locking region 1206 or a plurality of adjustment regions 1204 and a plurality of locking regions 1206. As shown, the adjustment region 1204 may correspond to an area of the retaining member 1202 having a different size as compared to the locking region 1206. For example, the adjustment region 1204 may include a dimension (such as a diameter) that is larger than a diameter of the lock region 1206. In this manner, the valve stem may translate relative to the retaining member 1202 when the valve stem is disposed within the adjustment zone 1204, and remain stationary relative to the valve body when the valve stem 104 is in the lockout zone 1206.

An engageable portion 1208 may be provided on the retaining member 1202 to allow an operator to access the retaining member and make adjustments thereto. In one embodiment, the engageable portions 1208 may be disposed on opposite sides of the retaining member 1202. In particular embodiments, the engageable portions 1208 may be disposed on diametrically opposite sides of the retaining member 1202. In a more particular embodiment, the engageable portion 1208 can be disposed along a line over which the retaining member 1202 is adapted to translate during adjustment thereof. The engageable portion 1208 may include tabs, protrusions, textured surfaces, other graspable elements, or combinations thereof.

Referring to fig. 12, the valve body 102 can include a cutout 1210 adapted to receive the retaining member 1202. In a particular embodiment, the cutout 1210 can be shaped to receive the engageable portion 1208 of the retaining member 1202.

In an embodiment not shown, the retaining member 1202 may include a ramp adapted to translate the valve stem 104 in response to translation of the retaining member 1202. That is, for example, translating the retaining member 1202 may affect translation of the valve stem 104 between the open and closed configurations.

In some instances, the opening force F required to translate the valve stem 104 to the open configuration_OIs approximately equal to the closing force F required to move the valve stem 104 to the closed configuration_C. In a more particular embodiment, F when the fluid pressures on both longitudinal ends of the valve stem 104 are approximately equal_OAnd F_CMay be approximately equal. That is, in one embodiment, the valve 100 may not be biased by a spring. More specifically, in one embodiment, the valve 100 may be substantially free of springs or biasing devices adapted to bias the valve stem 104, the valve body 102, or both. Thus, the movement of the valve stem 104 may be performed with substantially the same force in the opening and closing directions.

In one embodiment, the valve may comprise a sanitary grade fitting. Fig. 6 and 7 show a valve 600 including a sanitary joint 602. The valve 600 may include any number of similar or different components as described with respect to the valve 100. For example, in one embodiment, the valve 600 may include a valve body 102 and a valve stem 104 at least partially disposed within the valve body 102.

The sanitary joint 602 may cover exposed portions of the valve 600 that may come into contact with contaminants during operational use. The sanitary coupling 602 may include a cap 604 adapted to secure the valve body 102, the valve stem 104, or both together. In one embodiment, the cap 604 may be coupled to the valve stem 104 at a location spaced from the valve body 102. In more particular embodiments, the cap 604 may be coupled only to the valve stem 104 at a location spaced from the valve body 102. In one embodiment, the sanitary coupling 602 may comprise a portion of the valve stem 104 extending through the previously described valve stem 104. For example, instead of the interface 142 previously described, the valve stem 104 may terminate in an engagement interface 606 adapted to engage with the cap 604. A sanitary protection 608 may be provided between the engagement interface 606 and the cover 604 to maintain the sterile valve 100 when not in use.

In some cases, the cover 604 may include a graspable member 610 adapted to facilitate easier gripping and removal of the cover 604. A graspable element 610 may extend from and protrude from the side of the cover 604 to allow a user to grasp it. In some cases, the lid 604 may comprise a single-use lid. In other cases, the cover 604 may be reused. In such embodiments, the grippable element 610 may facilitate easier installation of the cover 604 relative to the valve 600.

Fig. 8 and 9 illustrate a valve 800 including a sensor 802 adapted to sense a condition of a fluid within a fluid conduit coupled to the valve 800. In one embodiment, the valve 800 may include any number of similar or different components as described with respect to the valve 100 or 600. For example, in one embodiment, the valve 800 may include a valve body 102 and a valve stem 104 at least partially disposed within the valve body 102. The valve stem 104 may translate within the valve body 102 to selectively contact the sensor 802 with the fluid for measuring or detecting a condition of the fluid.

In the illustrated embodiment, the sensor 802 includes a housing 804 coupled to the valve stem 104 and a sensing element 806 disposed at least partially within the valve stem 104 and adapted to sense or detect a fluid condition. In some cases, the sensing element 806 may be removable from the valve stem 104. In other cases, the sensing element 806 may be statically positioned relative to the valve stem 104.

The sensing element 806 may be in electrical communication with a logic device (not shown) including, for example, a microprocessor, via one or more wires 808. One or more wires 808 may extend from the housing 804 and couple with the logic device.

The retaining member 120 may be selectively secured with the valve 800 to hold the sensor 802 in place to sense or not sense a condition of the fluid.

Referring again to fig. 4 and 5, a method of operating the valve 100 in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein may generally include removing the retaining member 120 disposed between one of the first and second stop members 146, 148 and the locking flange 144 of the valve stem 104. The method may further include translating the valve stem 104 in a generally parallel direction relative to a longitudinal length of the valve stem 104. Additionally, the method may include mounting the retaining member 120 between the other of the first and second stop members 146, 148 and the locking flange 144.

In one embodiment, installing the retaining member 120 is performed such that the valve stem 104 is held at a fixed longitudinal position. Thus, the valve 100 may be moved between an open configuration and a closed configuration, and the retaining member 120 may selectively retain the valve 100 in a desired configuration. The installation of the retaining member 120 may be performed by translating at least one of the retaining member 120 and the valve stem 104 in a direction toward each other. Removal of the retaining member 120 may be performed by translating at least one of the retaining member 120 and the valve stem 104 in a direction away from each other. In certain embodiments, installation or removal of the retaining member 120 may be performed by translating the retaining member 120 perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the length of the valve stem 104.

In some instances, removing the retaining member 120 may include disengaging the retaining member 120 from the valve stem 104 and the valve body 102. Removing the retaining member 120 may include pulling the retaining member away from the valve stem 104.

In some cases, the retaining member 120 may remain in contact with the valve when disengaged from the valve 100. For example, referring to fig. 10-13, the retaining member 1002 or 1202 may remain attached to the valve 100 as the valve stem 104 translates relative to the valve body 102. In other cases, the retaining member 120 may remain completely removed from the valve when disengaged from the valve 100.

Embodiment 1. a valve, comprising:

a valve body; and

a valve stem at least partially disposed within the valve body, the valve stem comprising a sidewall defining a central lumen and at least one opening in the sidewall,

wherein the valve is adapted to prevent fluid flow through the internal cavity when the at least one opening is disposed within the valve body and to allow fluid flow through the internal cavity when the at least one opening is exposed from the valve body, and wherein the valve contains substantially no spring.

An embodiment 2. a valve, comprising:

a valve body;

a valve stem at least partially disposed within the valve body, wherein the valve stem is translatable between an open configuration and a closed configuration; and

a retaining member adapted to be selectively movable relative to the valve stem, wherein the retaining member is adapted to selectively retain the valve stem in the open configuration and the closed configuration.

Embodiment 3. the valve of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the valve is adapted to selectively restrict fluid flow relative to a pouch containing the bioactive or pharmaceutical composition.

Embodiment 4. the valve of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the valve stem defines a locking flange extending from the sidewall, and wherein the locking flange is adapted to engage with a retaining member to selectively retain the valve stem in the open configuration and the closed configuration.

Embodiment 5. the valve of embodiment 4, wherein the locking flange is visible from a position external to the valve body.

Embodiment 6. the valve of any of embodiments 4 and 5, wherein the locking flange is at least partially visible through the aperture in the valve body.

Embodiment 7. the valve of embodiment 6, wherein the aperture extends around at least a portion of a circumference of the valve body.

Embodiment 8 the valve of any of embodiments 4-7, wherein the locking flange is visible when installed in the open configuration and the closed configuration relative to the valve stem.

Embodiment 9. the valve of any of embodiments 4-8, wherein the valve body defines a first stop member and a second stop member spaced apart by an adjustment length, and wherein the locking flange is translatable along the adjustment length.

Embodiment 10. the valve according to embodiment 9, wherein the length L is adjusted_ANot less than the shortest distance D between the first longitudinal end of the valve stem and the at least one opening_O。

Embodiment 11. the valve of embodiment 10, wherein L_AIs at least 1.01D_OAt least 1.02D_OAt least 1.03D_OAt least 1.04D_OAt least 1.05D_OAt least 1.1D_OOr at least 1.2D_O。

Embodiment 12. the valve of any of embodiments 10 and 11, wherein L_AIs not more than 20D_ONot more than 15D_ONot more than 10D_ONot more than 5D_OOr not more than 2D_O。

Embodiment 13 the valve of any of embodiments 9 to 12, wherein the locking flange is adapted to contact the first stop member when the valve is in the open configuration and to contact the second stop member when the valve is in the closed configuration.

Embodiment 14 the valve of any of embodiments 9 to 13, wherein the retaining member is mountable between the first stop member and the second stop member.

Embodiment 15. the valve of any of embodiments 9 to 14, wherein the retaining member defines an axial length L_ARFWherein the locking flange defines an axial length L_ALFWherein the adjustment length defines a length L_ALAnd wherein L_ALAt 0.95[ L ]_ARF+L_ALF]And 3.0[ L ]_ARF+L_ALF]In the range between 0.97[ L ]_ARF+L_ALF]And 1.5[ L ]_ARF+L_ALF]In the range between, or at 0.99[ L ]_ARF+L_ALF]And 1.1[ L ]_ARF+L_ALF]Within the range of (a).

Embodiment 16. the valve of embodiment 15, wherein L_ALIs approximately 1.0[ L ]_ARF+L_ALF]。

Embodiment 17 the valve of any of embodiments 9-16, wherein the retaining member is adapted to contact the second stop member when the valve is in the open configuration and to contact the first stop member when the valve is in the closed configuration.

Embodiment 18. the valve of any of embodiments 9 to 17, wherein the retaining member is movable between an engaged position and a disengaged position.

Embodiment 19 the valve of embodiment 18, wherein the retaining member is adapted to remain in contact with at least one of the valve stem and the valve body when in the disengaged position.

Embodiment 20 the valve of embodiment 18, wherein the retaining member is adapted to be spaced apart from the valve stem and the valve body when in the disengaged position.

Embodiment 21. the valve of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the valve comprises substantially no spring.

Embodiment 22. the valve of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the valve stem is translatable within the valve body, and wherein the opening force F required to move the valve stem to the open configuration_OSubstantially equal to the closing force F required to move the valve stem to the closed configuration_CAs measured when the fluid pressures on both longitudinal ends of the valve stem are approximately equal.

Embodiment 23. the valve of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the valve body defines an axial length as measured between the first longitudinal end and the second longitudinal end that is less than an axial length of the valve stem as measured between the first longitudinal end and the second longitudinal end.

Embodiment 24. the valve of embodiment 23, wherein the first longitudinal ends of the valve body and the valve stem are disposed along a substantially common plane when the valve is in the closed configuration.

Embodiment 25. the valve of any of embodiments 23 and 24, wherein the second longitudinal end of the valve body is disposed between the first longitudinal end and the second longitudinal end of the valve stem when the valve is in the closed configuration.

Embodiment 26 the valve of any of embodiments 23 to 25, wherein the first longitudinal end of the valve body is disposed between the first longitudinal end and the second longitudinal end of the valve stem when the valve is in the open configuration.

Embodiment 27. the valve of any of embodiments 23 to 26, wherein the second longitudinal end of the valve body is disposed between the first longitudinal end and the second longitudinal end of the valve stem when the valve is in the open configuration.

Embodiment 28 the valve of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the first longitudinal end of the central lumen of the valve stem is closed.

Embodiment 29 the valve of any preceding embodiment, wherein the first longitudinal end of the valve stem comprises a substantially flat surface.

Embodiment 30. the valve of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the at least one opening comprises a plurality of openings.

Embodiment 31 the valve of embodiment 30, wherein the plurality of openings define at least two rows of openings extending around a circumference of the sidewall.

Embodiment 32 the valve of any of embodiments 30 and 31, wherein at least two of the plurality of openings are the same size, the same shape, or both.

Embodiment 33 the valve of any of embodiments 30 to 32, wherein at least two of the plurality of openings have different sizes, different shapes, or both.

Embodiment 34 the valve of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the planar surface disposed on the first longitudinal end of the valve stem is tangential to the at least one opening.

Embodiment 35. the valve of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the at least one opening is adapted to extend at least partially past the first longitudinal end of the valve body when the valve is in the open configuration.

Embodiment 36. the valve of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the at least one opening is adapted to be disposed between the first longitudinal end and the second longitudinal end of the valve body when the valve is in the closed configuration.

Embodiment 37. the valve of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the valve stem defines an outer diameter D as measured at the at least one opening when the valve is in the open configuration_VSOSmaller than the inner diameter D of the valve body as measured at the at least one opening_VBI。

Embodiment 38. valve according to embodiment 37Wherein D is_VSOIs at least 1.01D_VBIAt least 1.02D_VBIAt least 1.03D_VBIAt least 1.04D_VBIAt least 1.05D_VBIOr at least 1.1D_VBI。

Embodiment 39. the valve of any of embodiments 37 and 38, wherein D_VSOIs not more than 10D_VBINot more than 5D_VBIOr not more than 2D_VBI。

Embodiment 40. the valve of any preceding embodiment, wherein the valve comprises:

a first seal disposed between the valve stem and the valve body at a location between the at least one opening and the second longitudinal end of the valve stem; and

a second seal disposed between the valve stem and the valve body at a location between the first longitudinal end of the valve stem and the at least one opening.

Embodiment 41 the valve of embodiment 40, wherein the first seal prevents fluid flow between the valve stem and the valve body when the valve is in the open configuration and the closed configuration.

Embodiment 42. a valve according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the valve is mountable in a fluid system between a first fluid conduit and a second fluid conduit, wherein a first longitudinal end of the valve body is disposed closer to the first fluid conduit, and wherein fluid flow between the first fluid conduit and the second fluid conduit passes directly between the second fluid conduit and an interior cavity of the valve stem through an opening in the second longitudinal end of the valve stem and directly between the interior cavity and the first fluid conduit through the at least one opening.

Embodiment 43 the valve of any preceding embodiment, wherein the valve stem defines a barbed interface adjacent the second longitudinal end adapted to receive a fluid conduit.

Embodiment 44. the valve of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the valve body is adapted to couple with a fluid conduit.

Embodiment 45. the valve of embodiment 44, wherein the valve body is adapted to be welded to the fluid conduit.

Embodiment 46. the valve of any of embodiments 44 and 45, wherein the valve body is adapted to be sonically welded to the fluid conduit.

Embodiment 47 the valve of any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the valve body comprises a flange disposed at the first longitudinal end thereof.

Embodiment 48. an assembly, comprising:

a fluid reservoir;

a valve adapted to restrict fluid flow relative to the fluid reservoir, the valve comprising:

a valve body; and

a valve stem at least partially disposed within the valve body, the valve stem comprising a sidewall defining a central lumen and at least one opening in the sidewall,

wherein the valve is translatable between an open configuration and a closed configuration, and wherein in the open configuration fluid flow is communicated directly between the lumen and the fluid reservoir through the at least one opening.

Embodiment 49 the assembly of embodiment 48, wherein the fluid reservoir comprises a bag adapted to contain a biologically active or pharmaceutical composition.

Embodiment 50. a method of operating a valve, the method comprising:

removing a retaining member disposed between the first stop member and the locking flange of the valve stem;

translating the valve stem in a longitudinal direction; and

mounting the retaining member between the second locking member of the valve stem and the locking flange.

Embodiment 51. the method of embodiment 50, wherein installing the retaining member is performed such that the valve stem is held at a fixed longitudinal position.

Embodiment 52. the method of any of embodiments 50 and 51, wherein installing the retaining member is performed by translating the retaining member in a direction toward the valve stem.

Embodiment 53 the method of any of embodiments 50-52, wherein installing the retaining member is performed by translating the retaining member perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the length of the valve stem.

Embodiment 54 the method of any of embodiments 50-53, wherein removing the retaining member comprises disengaging the retaining member from the valve stem and a valve body containing at least a portion of the valve stem.

Embodiment 55 the method of any of embodiments 50-53, wherein removing the retaining member comprises pulling the retaining member in a direction generally away from the valve stem.

Embodiment 56. the method of any of embodiments 50-55, wherein the retaining member is adapted to maintain contact with the valve when disengaged from the valve.

Embodiment 57 the method of any of embodiments 50-55, wherein the retaining member is adapted to be completely removed from the valve when disengaged from the valve.

Embodiment 58. the method of any of embodiments 50 to 57, wherein translating the valve stem to the open configuration requires an opening force F_OSubstantially equal to the closing force F required to translate the stem into the closed configuration_CAs measured when the fluid pressures on both sides of the valve are approximately equal.

It is noted that not all of the activities in the general descriptions or examples above are required, that a portion of a specific activity may not be required, and that one or more further activities may be performed in addition to those described. Further, the order in which the acts are listed are not necessarily the order in which they are performed.

Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to specific embodiments. The benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any feature(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced, however, are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature or feature of any or all the claims.

The description and illustrations of the embodiments described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of the various embodiments. The description and drawings are not intended to serve as an exhaustive or comprehensive description of all the elements and features of apparatus and systems that utilize the structures or methods described herein. Separate embodiments may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment, and conversely, various features that are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any sub-combination. Further, reference to values expressed as ranges includes each and every value within that range. Many other embodiments will be apparent to the skilled person only after reading this description. Other embodiments may be utilized and derived from the disclosure, such that structural substitutions, logical substitutions, or other changes may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure. The present disclosure is, therefore, to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive.