阅读说明：本技术 用于测量大气参数以估计空气的质量和气候变量的方法和装置 (Method and device for measuring atmospheric parameters for estimating air quality and climate variables ) 是由 埃里克·佩奎格诺 于 2019-08-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于测量至少一个大气参数(气体、温度)的方法和装置,其实施以下步骤：根据断层摄影原理获取紫外和/或可见和/或红外范围中的光谱图像并且进行扫描。光谱图像使用诸如红外相机的光学系统(1A至1D)的网络获取,并且被用于估计地理区域(例如城市群)中的空气质量和/或气象参数和/或气候参数。(The invention relates to a method and a device for measuring at least one atmospheric parameter (gas, temperature), wherein the following steps are carried out: spectral images in the ultraviolet and/or visible and/or infrared range are acquired and scanned according to tomographic principles. The spectral images are acquired using a network of optical systems (1A to 1D), such as infrared cameras, and are used to estimate air quality and/or meteorological parameters and/or climatic parameters in a geographical area (e.g. a metropolitan area).)

1. A method for measuring at least one atmospheric parameter, characterized in that it comprises:

-an acquisition step in which a series of spectral images of the earth's atmosphere is acquired simultaneously by means of an optical system (1A to 1D) which:

o is located in the earth's atmosphere,

fixed with respect to the earth coordinate system (R1),

oriented such that the spectral images acquired by the optical system comprise measurement data of the at least one atmospheric parameter along the respective line of sight (2A 1-2D 1) of the optical system (1A-1D),

arranged such that during this acquisition step there is at least one intersection point (I1; I2) between the two lines of sight (2A1, 2B 1; 2C1, 2D1) such that two spectral images acquired simultaneously along the two lines of sight (2A1, 2B 1; 2C1, 2D1) contain mutual measurement data of at least one atmospheric parameter, which mutual measurement data represent the at least one atmospheric parameter at a point of the earth's atmosphere corresponding to the intersection point (I1; I2),

a scanning step in which the optical system (1A to 1D) orientation is changed,

and wherein the acquiring step and the scanning step are repeated so as to acquire a series of spectral image series comprising a set of mutual measurement data representative of at least one atmospheric parameter at a set of points (I1 to I5) of the earth's atmosphere.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said at least one atmospheric parameter is selected from the group consisting of atmospheric temperature and/or at least one atmospheric gas having characteristics in the ultraviolet and/or visible and/or infrared, such as O₃、NO₂、SO₂、CO、PM1、PM2.5、PM10、H₂O、CO₂、CH₄、N₂O or NH₃。

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that during the scanning step the orientation of the optical system (1A to 1D) is changed so that between the acquisition step preceding this scanning step and the acquisition step following this scanning step, the at least one intersection point is transferred from a first geographic coordinate (I1) to a second geographic coordinate (I3), this second geographic coordinate (I3) being different in longitude and/or latitude and/or altitude from the first geographic coordinate (I1).

4. A method for studying at least one atmospheric parameter, characterized in that it implements a measurement method according to any one of the preceding claims, and in that it further comprises a step of analyzing the acquired spectral images, this analysis step comprising a step of inverting the spectral images using at least part of said set of mutual measurement data contained in them.

5. An apparatus for measuring at least one atmospheric parameter, characterized in that the apparatus comprises a network of optical systems (1A to 1D) arranged to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the distance between two adjacent optical systems (1A to 1D) is between 10m and 20km, preferably between 2km and 5km, more preferably equal to 3 km.

7. The device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the optical systems (1A to 1D) are fastened on respective supports fixed to the ground, such as towers, buildings, water towers or even captive balloons.

8. The device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the optical system (1A to 1D) is carried on one or more stationary aerial vehicles, such as drones or atmospheric balloons.

9. The device according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the optical system (1A to 1D) is an imager and/or a radiometer and/or a spectral imager and/or a spectral radiometer.

10. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 9 for estimating air quality and/or meteorological parameters and/or climatic parameters of a geographical area, such as an urban mass, an industrial site, a forest or an agricultural site, whose range is preferably between 100m and 100 km.