阅读说明：本技术 一种熟三七及其制备方法 (Cooked pseudo-ginseng and preparation method thereof ) 是由 张青 崔家泉 姚方程 陈华师 罗敏 易斌 韩雅慧 陈西勇 于 2021-04-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及中医药技术领域,提供了一种熟三七及其制备方法。制备方法包括：S1、净选：将三七原药材洗净,去除杂质；S2、预处理：将所得三七用催化剂溶液润透并闷润一定时间,所述催化剂溶液包括植物提取液10～50份,黄酒10～50份；S3、沸水蒸制0.25～2h,切片；S4、干燥。本发明促进了三七中原有皂苷转化,所得产品中多糖、多酚、氨基酸含量更高,具有更高的营养价值；缩短了炮制时间,有效成分转化率高,极大降低了高温长久炮制对三七里一些有效成分的破坏。(The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines and provides cooked pseudo-ginseng and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: s1, cleaning: cleaning raw medicinal materials of pseudo-ginseng, and removing impurities; s2, preprocessing: moistening the obtained pseudo-ginseng thoroughly and stuffily for a certain time by using a catalyst solution, wherein the catalyst solution comprises 10-50 parts of plant extract and 10-50 parts of yellow wine; s3, steaming for 0.25-2 h by using boiling water, and slicing; and S4, drying. The invention promotes the conversion of the original saponin in the panax notoginseng, and the obtained product has higher contents of polysaccharide, polyphenol and amino acid and higher nutritive value; shortens the processing time, has high conversion rate of effective components, and greatly reduces the damage of high-temperature long-term processing to some effective components in pseudo-ginseng.)

1. The preparation method of the cooked pseudo-ginseng is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, cleaning: cleaning raw medicinal materials of pseudo-ginseng, and removing impurities;

s2, preprocessing: and (3) moistening the obtained pseudo-ginseng for a certain time by using a catalyst solution, wherein the catalyst solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-50 parts of plant extract and 10-50 parts of yellow wine; the plant extract comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0-20 parts of swertia chirati, 0-20 parts of spider, 0-20 parts of radix ophiopogonis, 0-15 parts of medlar, 0-15 parts of liquorice, 0-15 parts of bitter gourd and 0-15 parts of hawthorn;

s3, steaming: steaming the pretreated pseudo-ginseng in boiling water for 0.25-2 h, and slicing;

s4, drying: drying the obtained pseudo-ginseng slices to obtain the cooked pseudo-ginseng.

2. The method for preparing cooked pseudo-ginseng according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the extracting solution in step S2 comprises: frying the plant extract raw materials for 10-30 min, adding water with the mass being 3-12 times of that of the raw materials, decocting for 1-5 h, filtering to obtain a decoction, and concentrating until the relative density is 1.02-1.12.

3. The method for preparing cooked notoginseng according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the moistening in step S2 is 25 to 50 ℃ for 5 to 30 min.

4. The method for preparing cooked pseudo-ginseng according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the catalyst solution used in step S2 is 10-50% by mass of pseudo-ginseng.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the infiltrating step in step S2 is spraying the catalyst solution on the notoginseng with an atomizing dispenser.

6. The method for preparing cooked pseudo-ginseng according to claim 1, wherein the steaming in step S3 is normal pressure steaming or high pressure steaming, and the pressure of the high pressure steaming is 100 to 120 kPa.

7. The method for preparing cooked pseudo-ginseng according to claim 1, wherein the slice thickness in step S3 is 1-5 mm.

8. The method for preparing cooked pseudo-ginseng according to claim 1, wherein the drying in step S4 is drying at 60-120 ℃ for 1-5 h, or sun drying.

9. The method for preparing cooked pseudo-ginseng according to claim 1, further comprising, after the step S4: grinding the obtained cooked radix Notoginseng to obtain cooked radix Notoginseng powder.

10. A cooked pseudo-ginseng, characterized by being produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines, in particular to cooked pseudo-ginseng and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Cooked Notoginseng radix is the rhizome of Panax notoginseng (Panax pseudo-ginseng), which is obtained by picking, cleaning, slicing, steaming or frying in oil and drying in spring and winter; radix Notoginseng, produced mainly in Yunnan province and Guangxi province, is warm in nature, sweet and slightly bitter in taste, and enters liver, stomach and large intestine channels; the cooked pseudo-ginseng is used for treating weakness, inappetence, neurasthenia, overfatigue, blood loss, anemia and the like, and has good effect on postoperative patients and gynecological diseases such as female dysmenorrhea and the like. Basic components of cooked Notoginseng radix still exist, and the main components are saponins, and the secondary components are flavone, polysaccharide, amino acids, etc.; the cooked notoginsenoside contains ginsenoside R1, Rg1, Rb1, Re, Rd and newly generated saponin; the raw notoginseng and the cooked notoginseng have common ingredients of R1, Rg1, Rb1, Re, Rd and the like, and the content of the ingredients in the raw notoginseng is higher than that of the cooked notoginseng after processing; during frying or steaming, the cooked pseudo-ginseng can generate chemical reaction due to heat treatment, and the components are changed, so that new components Rh1, Rh2, Rg3, CK, F group saponin and the like which are not contained in the fresh pseudo-ginseng can be generated, and the components have the effects of inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and resisting oxidation; the cooked Notoginseng radix is superior to fresh Notoginseng radix in inhibiting aging-related antioxidant activity, improving blood circulation, increasing anticancer activity of anticancer agent, enhancing immunity, and influencing growth and development of human body.

The processing method of the cooked pseudo-ginseng is reported more, and the folk traditional processing method of the cooked pseudo-ginseng is to slice after harvesting and then fry or steam and dry the slices. Conventional frying has the following problems: the oil temperature is difficult to control, organic chemical components are easy to carbonize or coke and the oil is used as a heating medium, so that part of active components are lost due to dissolution in the oil, and the contents of total polysaccharide, acidic polysaccharide and amino acid are lower than those of the steaming method; the fried products are reported more negatively, so that consumers are easy to generate a conflict psychology; the fried products are difficult to store for a long time, are easy to smell and lose oil, or cause rat and insect diseases. The steaming method has long time, and the temperature is difficult to reach the high temperature of the traditional frying method, so that the conversion condition of the saponin is insufficient; the processing process is difficult to avoid the phenomenon that steam is solidified into liquid water, and the steaming time is long, so that partial active saponin can be dissolved, and the saponin is lost. Both the steaming method and the frying method have certain defects, so the processing method of the cooked pseudo-ginseng needs to be improved.

The enzymolysis method is more and more emphasized by the characteristics of high efficiency, specificity and the like. However, glycosidases, such as amylase, glucoamylase, and cellulase, which are currently produced industrially are common glycosidic bonds for hydrolyzing saccharides, and the efficiency of hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in the β -configuration of glycosides is not high. The prior art discloses a preparation method of cooked pseudo-ginseng decoction pieces, which adopts a steaming mode after adding trace amount of glacial acetic acid or beta-glucosidase to process the pseudo-ginseng decoction pieces, thereby shortening the processing time of the decoction pieces; compared with the conventional method, the yield of effective components such as newly generated saponin, polysaccharide and amino acid in cooked Notoginseng radix is improved. However, the content of effective components in the cooked pseudo-ginseng is still low, which is not favorable for the full play of the drug effect. In addition, some laboratory-prepared specific enzymes can hydrolyze saponins efficiently, but require preparation of ginsenoside monomers or ginsenoside isolates for conversion. However, the cost of isolating ginsenosides is extremely high. Therefore, from the perspective, the invention seeks an enzyme existing in the plant itself as a catalyst, and the enzyme is used for catalyzing the conversion of the notoginsenoside so as to improve the quality and efficiency of processing the notoginseng.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome at least one of the defects of the prior art and provides a cooked pseudo-ginseng with short processing time and high conversion rate of effective components and a preparation method thereof. The purpose of the invention is realized based on the following technical scheme:

in one aspect of the invention, the cooked pseudo-ginseng and the preparation method thereof are provided, which comprise the following steps:

s1, cleaning: cleaning raw medicinal materials of pseudo-ginseng, and removing impurities;

s2, preprocessing: and (3) moistening the obtained pseudo-ginseng slices for a certain time by using a catalyst solution, wherein the catalyst solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-50 parts of plant extract and 10-50 parts of yellow wine; the plant extract comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0-20 parts of swertia chirati, 0-20 parts of spider, 0-20 parts of radix ophiopogonis, 0-15 parts of medlar, 0-15 parts of liquorice, 0-15 parts of bitter gourd and 0-15 parts of hawthorn;

s3, steaming: steaming the pretreated pseudo-ginseng in boiling water for 0.25-2 h, and slicing;

s4, drying: and drying the steamed pseudo-ginseng slices to obtain the cooked pseudo-ginseng.

Treating the drug: can be used for treating jaundice due to damp-heat pathogen, hypochondriac pain, dysentery, abdominal pain, and anorexia. Modern pharmacological research shows that the swertia pseudochinensis-containing aqueous extract has an inhibitory effect on the generation of active oxygen of rat neutrophils and can resist platelet aggregation.

Minor mandible: has the effects of dispelling pathogenic wind, relieving pain, and promoting reunion of fractured bones. Can be used for treating traumatic injury, injury of tendons and bones, pain, amenorrhea due to blood stasis, and puerperal abdominal pain.

Radix ophiopogonis: moisten lung and clear heart, purge heat and promote fluid production, resolve phlegm and stop vomiting, cure cough and promote diuresis. Has effects in relieving fatigue, scavenging free radicals, improving cellular immunity, and lowering blood sugar.

Medlar: has effects of nourishing liver and kidney, replenishing vital essence, and improving eyesight. Has effects in promoting immunity and regulating immunity; promoting hematopoietic function, etc.

Licorice root: invigorating spleen and replenishing qi, clearing away heat and toxic material, eliminating phlegm and relieving cough, relieving spasm and pain, and harmonizing the drugs. Has antiinflammatory, antiviral, liver protecting, toxic materials clearing away, and immunity enhancing effects.

Bitter gourd: dispel summer-heat, wash away heat, improve eyesight, and remove toxicity. Has effects in lowering blood sugar, resisting cancer, and resisting virus.

Hawthorn fruit: stagnant blood blocking chest and abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea. It is warm in nature and enters liver meridian and blood system, and has the actions of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis and alleviating pain.

The extract of the above plants contains Chinese herbal medicine self-enzyme, and has catalytic effect on the conversion of notoginsenoside, so as to improve the content of effective components and further improve the drug effect of cooked Notoginseng radix. And has similar efficacy with the cooked pseudo-ginseng and can play an auxiliary role in the efficacy of the cooked pseudo-ginseng.

Preferably, the preparation method of the extract in step S2 includes: frying the plant extract raw materials for 10-30 min, adding water with the mass being 3-12 times of that of the raw materials, decocting for 1-5 h, filtering to obtain a decoction, and concentrating until the relative density is 1.02-1.12.

Preferably, the temperature of the moistening in the step S2 is 25-50 ℃, and the time is 5-30 min.

Preferably, the wetting-through in step S2 is spraying the catalyst solution on the notoginseng using an atomizing dispenser.

Preferably, the catalyst solution in step S2 is 10-50% of the mass of notoginseng.

Preferably, the ultrasonic steaming in the step S3 is normal pressure steaming or high pressure steaming, and the pressure of the high pressure steaming is 100-120 kPa.

Preferably, the slice thickness in step S3 is 1-5 mm.

Preferably, the drying in step S4 is drying at 60-120 ℃ for 1-5 h, or sun drying.

Preferably, step S4 is followed by: grinding the obtained cooked radix Notoginseng to obtain cooked radix Notoginseng powder.

In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cooked notoginseng obtained according to any one of the above-mentioned preparation methods.

The invention can obtain at least one of the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the preparation method, the catalyst solution is added, the original saponin conversion in the pseudo-ginseng is promoted under the combined action of the plant extracting solution and the yellow wine, and the obtained product has higher contents of new saponin, polysaccharide, polyphenol and amino acid and higher nutritional value; shortens the processing time, has high conversion rate of effective components, and greatly reduces the damage of high-temperature long-term processing to some effective components in the pseudo-ginseng.

2. The catalyst used in the invention utilizes plant enzyme, is green and safe, and has small addition amount; acetic acid in the yellow wine can be completely volatilized in the steaming and drying processes, so that the efficacy and the taste of the obtained product are not influenced; simple and easily obtained, and can not increase the production cost.

3. The preparation method is simple and convenient to operate, time-saving and efficient, and can be applied to industrial large-scale production.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1:

preparing an extracting solution: parching 5 parts of herba Swertiae Bimaculatae, 5 parts of radix Ophiopogonis and 3 parts of fructus Lycii for 10min, adding water 12 times of the weight of the parched materials, decocting for 4.5h, filtering to obtain decoction, and concentrating to relative density of 1.03 + -0.01.

A cooked pseudo-ginseng and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:

s1, cleaning: cleaning raw medicinal materials of pseudo-ginseng, and removing impurities;

s2, preprocessing: spraying a catalyst solution with the amount of 10% of the mass of the pseudo-ginseng slices by using an atomization distributor to obtain the pseudo-ginseng slices, moistening the pseudo-ginseng slices thoroughly and moistening the pseudo-ginseng slices for a certain time, wherein the catalyst solution comprises 50 parts of extracting solution and 10 parts of yellow wine; the moistening temperature is 25 deg.C, and the time is 30 min.

S3, steaming: steaming the pretreated pseudo-ginseng slices with boiling water for 2 hours, and then cutting the pseudo-ginseng slices into pseudo-ginseng slices with the thickness of 1-3 mm;

s4, drying: sun drying the steamed Notoginseng radix slices to obtain cooked Notoginseng radix, or grinding to obtain cooked Notoginseng radix powder.

Example 2:

preparing an extracting solution: parching herba gendarussae 10 parts and Glycyrrhrizae radix 10 parts for 30min, adding water 3 times the weight of the parched materials, decocting for 1h, filtering to obtain decoction, and concentrating to relative density of 1.06 + -0.01.

A cooked pseudo-ginseng and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:

s1, cleaning: cleaning raw medicinal materials of pseudo-ginseng, and removing impurities;

s2, preprocessing: spraying a catalyst solution with the amount of 50% of the mass of the pseudo-ginseng slices by using an atomization distributor to obtain the pseudo-ginseng slices, and moistening the pseudo-ginseng slices thoroughly and tightly for a certain time, wherein the catalyst solution comprises 10 parts of an extracting solution of one or more of swertia pseudochinensis, shinyleaf glorybower stems and hawthorns and 50 parts of yellow wine; the moistening temperature is 50 deg.C, and the time is 15 min.

S3, steaming: steaming the pretreated pseudo-ginseng slices with boiling water for 0.5h, and then cutting the pseudo-ginseng slices into pseudo-ginseng slices with the thickness of 3-5 mm;

s4, drying: drying the steamed Notoginseng radix slice at 60 deg.C for 5 hr to obtain cooked Notoginseng radix, or grinding to obtain cooked Notoginseng radix powder.

Example 3:

preparing an extracting solution: parching radix Ophiopogonis 10 parts, fructus Momordicae Charantiae 5 parts, and fructus crataegi 5 parts for 15min, adding water 10 times the weight of the parched materials, decocting for 2 hr, filtering to obtain decoction, and concentrating to relative density of 1.10 + -0.02.

A cooked pseudo-ginseng and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:

s1, cleaning: cleaning raw medicinal materials of pseudo-ginseng, and removing impurities;

s2, preprocessing: spraying a catalyst solution with the amount of 20% of the mass of the pseudo-ginseng slices by using an atomization distributor to obtain the pseudo-ginseng slices, moistening the pseudo-ginseng slices thoroughly and moistening the pseudo-ginseng slices for a certain time, wherein the catalyst solution comprises 20 parts of one or more of extract of swertia pseudochinensis, gendarussa chinensis, hawthorn and the like and 40 parts of yellow wine; the moistening temperature is 30 deg.C, and the time is 30 min.

S3, steaming: steaming the pretreated pseudo-ginseng slices with boiling water for 0.75h, and then cutting the pseudo-ginseng slices into pseudo-ginseng slices with the thickness of 2-5 mm;

s4, drying: sun drying the steamed Notoginseng radix slices to obtain cooked Notoginseng radix, or grinding to obtain cooked Notoginseng radix powder.

Example 4:

preparing an extracting solution: parching 5 parts of ramulus et folium Adhatodae Vasicae, 12 parts of fructus Lycii and 12 parts of fructus crataegi for 20min, adding 5 times of water, decocting for 4 hr, filtering to obtain decoction, and concentrating to relative density of 1.08 + -0.02.

A cooked pseudo-ginseng and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:

s1, cleaning: cleaning raw medicinal materials of pseudo-ginseng, and removing impurities;

s2, preprocessing: spraying a catalyst solution with the amount of 30% of the mass of the pseudo-ginseng slices by using an atomization distributor to obtain the pseudo-ginseng slices, moistening the pseudo-ginseng slices thoroughly and moistening the pseudo-ginseng slices for a certain time, wherein the catalyst solution comprises 30 parts of one or more of extract of swertia pseudochinensis, gendarussa chinensis and hawthorn and 20 parts of yellow wine; the temperature of the moistening is 45 ℃, and the time is 10 min.

S3, steaming: steaming the pretreated pseudo-ginseng slices with boiling water, steaming for 0.25h under the pressure of 120kPa, and then cutting into pseudo-ginseng slices with the thickness of 3-4 mm;

s4, drying: drying the steamed Notoginseng radix slice at 120 deg.C for 1 hr to obtain cooked Notoginseng radix, or grinding to obtain cooked Notoginseng radix powder.

Example 5:

preparing an extracting solution: parching 18 parts of herba Swertiae Bimaculatae, 8 parts of herba gendarussae and 15 parts of radix Ophiopogonis for 25min, adding 8 times of water by mass of the parched materials, decocting for 3 hr, filtering to obtain decoction, and concentrating to relative density of 1.07 + -0.03.

A cooked pseudo-ginseng and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:

s1, cleaning: cleaning raw medicinal materials of pseudo-ginseng, and removing impurities;

s2, preprocessing: spraying a catalyst solution with the amount of 40% of the mass of the pseudo-ginseng slices by using an atomization distributor to obtain the pseudo-ginseng slices, moistening the pseudo-ginseng slices thoroughly and moistening the pseudo-ginseng slices for a certain time, wherein the catalyst solution comprises 40 parts of one or more of extract of swertia pseudochinensis, shinyleaf glorybower stems and hawthorn and 20 parts of yellow wine; the smoldering temperature is 40 ℃, and the time is 15 min;

s3, steaming: steaming the pretreated pseudo-ginseng slices with boiling water for 1 hour under the pressure of 100kPa, and then cutting into pseudo-ginseng slices with the thickness of 2-3 mm;

s4, drying: sun drying the steamed Notoginseng radix slices to obtain cooked Notoginseng radix, or grinding to obtain cooked Notoginseng radix powder.

Example 6:

preparing an extracting solution: parching herba Swertiae Dilutae 10 parts, herba gendarussae 8 parts, and fructus crataegi 15 parts for 20min, adding water 6 times the weight of the parched materials, decocting for 2.5 hr, filtering to obtain decoction, and concentrating to relative density of 1.05 + -0.02.

A cooked pseudo-ginseng and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:

s1, cleaning: cleaning raw medicinal materials of pseudo-ginseng, and removing impurities;

s2, preprocessing: spraying a catalyst solution with the amount of 35% of the mass of the pseudo-ginseng slices by using an atomization distributor to obtain the pseudo-ginseng slices, moistening the pseudo-ginseng slices thoroughly and moistening the pseudo-ginseng slices for a certain time, wherein the catalyst solution comprises 35 parts of one or more of extract of swertia pseudochinensis, gendarussa chinensis and hawthorn and 30 parts of yellow wine; the smoldering temperature is 35 ℃, and the time is 20 min;

s3, steaming: steaming the pretreated pseudo-ginseng slices with boiling water for 1 hour under the pressure of 110kPa, and then cutting into pseudo-ginseng slices with the thickness of 2-4 mm;

s4, drying: drying the steamed Notoginseng radix slice at 80 deg.C for 2 hr to obtain cooked Notoginseng radix, or grinding to obtain cooked Notoginseng radix powder.

Comparative example 1

The same procedure as in example 6 was repeated except that the extract liquid in step S2 was removed.

Comparative example 2

The yellow wine in step S2 was removed, and the procedure was the same as in example 6.

Comparative example 3

Steaming the raw panax notoginseng medicine in boiling water under the pressure of 110kPa for 1 hour, cutting into panax notoginseng slices with the thickness of 2-4 mm, and drying at 80 ℃ for 2 hours.

Comparative example 4

And (3) frying: 1000 g of raw pseudo-ginseng is taken and fried for 20min to be golden yellow, the oil temperature is 180 ℃, the precipitation oil is taken out, the pseudo-ginseng is taken out and is dried for 8h in an air-blast drying oven at the temperature of 100 ℃.

The appearance and taste of the cooked panax notoginseng obtained in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 7 are checked and all meet the standard. The total contents of R1, Rg1, Rb1, Re and Rd ginsenosides, Rh1, Rh2, Rg3, CK and F neosaponin, polysaccharide content of panax notoginseng, total amino acid content, dencichine content and total flavone content (total flavone is determined by ultraviolet method by taking quercetin as a reference) in the cooked panax notoginseng (prepared into powder) obtained in the examples 1 to 6 and the comparative examples 1 to 7 are detected by high performance liquid chromatography. Each sample was tested 3 times and averaged to give the final test data.

TABLE 1

Note: the relative deviation of the data in table 1 is within 2.5%.

As can be seen from the data in Table 1, compared with comparative examples 3-4, the method has the advantages that the total content of the new saponin, the polysaccharide content of the panax notoginseng, the total content of the amino acid, the dencichine content and the total content of the flavone in the prepared panax notoginseng obtained by using the catalyst solution for pretreatment are greatly improved, the variety and the content of the active ingredients are multiple, and the effect of the prepared panax notoginseng is more favorably exerted. Among them, the effect of example 6 is the best. Compared with comparative examples 1-2, the plant extract and the yellow wine both influence the content of the effective components in the cooked panax notoginseng, and the plant extract and the yellow wine act together to fully convert the notoginsenoside and improve the content of the effective components.

The water steamed in example 6 was used to test the total content of ginsenoside and total content of neosaponin. As a result, no obvious characteristic peak of saponin is found, and the steamed water only contains a trace amount of saponin. The method of the invention shows no significant saponin loss, probably because the steaming time of the invention is very short (only 20 min).

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.