阅读说明：本技术 电梯轿厢、电梯设备、用于运行电梯设备的方法和门驱动装置 (Elevator car, elevator installation, method for operating an elevator installation, and door drive ) 是由 法比安·福格尔 拉费尔·齐默尔曼 于 2019-09-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种电梯轿厢(1),电梯轿厢具有至少一个电梯门(2)、具有用于操作电梯门(2)的门驱动装置(3)、具有用于检测门驱动装置(3)的马达功率的传感器(4)和评估单元(5),该评估单元基于检测到的马达功率来确定是否存在行驶曲线(6)与基准行驶曲线(7)的偏差。评估单元(5)被设计用于确定是否由于与电梯门(2)接触的障碍物或由于变化的外部状况,特别是由于变化的压力状况和/或气流而出现偏差。(The invention relates to an elevator car (1) having at least one elevator door (2), having a door drive (3) for operating the elevator door (2), having a sensor (4) for detecting the motor power of the door drive (3), and having an evaluation unit (5) which determines whether a deviation of a driving curve (6) from a reference driving curve (7) exists on the basis of the detected motor power. The evaluation unit (5) is designed to determine whether a deviation occurs due to an obstacle in contact with the elevator door (2) or due to varying external conditions, in particular due to varying pressure conditions and/or air flows.)

1. An elevator installation (10) having at least one elevator car (1), the elevator installation (10) comprising: at least one elevator door (2) and at least one door drive (3) for operating the at least one elevator door (2), the door drive (3) having:

at least one sensor (4) for detecting a drive force of a door drive (3) of the elevator installation (10), in particular for detecting a motor current;

at least one sensor unit (9) for detecting at least one external condition, in particular a pressure condition, a temperature condition, an air flow and/or wind; and

an evaluation unit (5) designed to determine, based on the detected driving force: whether the measured driving force (6a, 6b) deviates from a reference driving force (7a, 7b), in particular exceeds the reference driving force, wherein the reference driving force (7a, 7b) is determined from a floor (15) by means of a reference measurement carried out by means of the sensor (4);

wherein the evaluation unit (5) is designed to take into account the detected at least one external condition when determining the floor-related reference driving forces (7a, 7 b).

2. Elevator installation (10) according to claim 1, wherein the elevator installation (10), in particular the elevator car (1), comprises a regulating unit (8), and the evaluation unit (5) and/or the regulating unit (8) are designed such that a stopping or a reverse movement of the elevator door (2) can be triggered when the measured driving force (6a, 6b) exceeds the reference driving force (7a, 7 b).

3. Elevator installation (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sensor unit (9) is fixed on the elevator car (1).

4. Elevator installation (10) according to any of claims 1 and 2, comprising an elevator shaft, wherein the sensor unit (9) is fixed in the elevator shaft.

5. Elevator installation (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the evaluation unit (5) is implemented for determining a floor-related reference drive force for each floor (15) separately by means of the following means and parameters:

-making floor-related reference measurements of the driving force during the respective closing time (16) and/or opening time; and

at least one condition detected by means of a sensor unit (9).

6. Elevator installation (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the evaluation unit (5) is configured such that, in the event of a change in external conditions, the respective other reference drive force already stored is used or a renewed determination of the reference drive force is triggered.

7. The elevator installation (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the evaluation unit (5) is configured for determining whether an obstacle is in contact with the elevator door (2).

8. The elevator installation (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the evaluation unit (5) is constructed in such a way that:

a driving force detected for an elevator door (2) arranged on a floor (15) or a reference driving force (7a, 7b) determined for the elevator door, and

detected by means of a sensor unit (9)

Is or can be used for calculating a reference driving force for at least one other floor (15).

9. The elevator installation (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the evaluation unit (5) is designed such that: the reference drive force can be stored in an evaluation unit (5), wherein the reference drive force is designed as a reference drive curve or as a numerical value.

10. Method for operating an elevator installation (10), in particular according to one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:

the floor-related drive force of the door drive (3), in particular the motor current, is detected by means of a sensor,

the external condition is detected by means of a sensor unit (9) determined for this purpose,

a reference drive force (7a, 7b) for each floor (15) is determined by means of at least one reference measurement (6a, 6b) of the drive force and the detected external conditions.

11. Method according to claim 10, wherein the reference driving force (7a, 7b) on more than one floor (15) is determined during the respective closing time (16) and/or opening time.

12. The method according to any one of claims 10 and 11, comprising:

during an opening and/or closing process performed in normal operation, measuring a driving force (6a), in particular a motor current, with a sensor (4) for opening and/or closing at least one elevator door;

the measured driving force (6a, 6b) is compared with a reference driving force (7a, 7 b).

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the door is stopped and/or a reverse movement is triggered after determining that the measured driving force exceeds the reference driving force.

14. A door drive for operating an elevator door (2) has a sensor (4) for detecting a driving force (6a, 6b) of the door drive (3), and has an evaluation unit (5) which determines whether there is a deviation from a reference driving force (7a, 7b) on the basis of the detected driving force (6a, 6b),

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the evaluation unit (5) is designed to: a reference drive force (7a, 7b) is determined for each floor (15) by means of at least one reference measurement of the drive force (6a, 6b) on more than one floor (15) during the respective closing time (16) and/or opening time.

Technical Field

The invention relates to an elevator installation, a method for operating an elevator installation and a door drive according to the preambles of the independent claims.

Background

Elevator cars usually have elevator doors. Such elevator doors include at least one car door that is coupled to the elevator car. Furthermore, there may be a plurality of shaft doors, which are arranged on the floors of the building and provide access to the shaft of the elevator.

The car door and the shaft door are usually connected to each other by a coupling and are moved together by a door drive, which is usually mounted on the elevator car, when opening and closing.

In tall buildings, significant air resistance can have an effect on the closing or opening movement of the car and shaft doors. This air resistance is due to the entry of air outside the building into the elevator shaft, which air experiences a flow in the vertical direction due to the so-called chimney effect. In most cases the hot air rises upwards in the chimney or elevator shaft. However, the chimney effect may also be generated by the "falling" cold air.

The strength of the effect depends on the size of the shaft and varying external conditions, such as temperature, wind speed or atmospheric pressure.

Due to the chimney effect, the higher the velocity of the air in the shaft, the greater the resistance exerted on the elevator doors when closing and/or opening them. At times of extreme windage, the air resistance may exceed the amount of maximum closing force provided for the elevator door. For this reason, the closing of the elevator door may become difficult or even impossible.

US3822767A mentions detecting the wind speed in the shaft and adjusting the magnitude of the closing force of the door drive moving the elevator door in proportion to the magnitude of the wind speed in the shaft.

Obstructions to the opening and/or closing of the elevator doors may also occur due to obstructions located in the elevator door area.

EP0976675 a1 discloses a system for operating an automatic elevator door with a door drive comprising a control device, a motor and a drive mechanism, and an actual value detector for the generated or applied driving force. The force exerted by the motor on the door is referred to herein as the driving force or motor force. The closing or opening force is the force exerted by the door edge on the obstacle during the closing or opening process. The driving force model for the driving force calculates the driving force to be applied in the operation without disturbance force based on the mathematical model and the door parameters. The limit value generator calculates a force limit value from the driving force model value and the allowable disturbance force. When the force limit is exceeded, the door stops and/or triggers a reverse movement.

However, this system cannot distinguish between obstacles and effects caused by external conditions. For example, due to the occurrence of a chimney effect, the force limit value may be exceeded, whereby the door can no longer be opened or closed.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is to provide an elevator car or an elevator installation or a method for operating an elevator installation of this type and a door drive which overcome the known disadvantages and allow operation in particular in tall buildings.

This object is solved by an elevator installation with at least one elevator car, which comprises at least one elevator door and a door drive for operating the elevator door. The door drive comprises, inter alia, a control device, a motor and a drive mechanism by means of which the elevator door can be moved. An elevator installation, in particular an elevator car, comprises a sensor for detecting the driving force of a door drive. In particular, the sensor is adapted to measure the motor current required for opening and/or closing the elevator door. Such measurements are made in particular during the closing time and/or the opening time of the elevator door. Furthermore, the elevator installation comprises an evaluation unit which is designed such that it can be determined on the basis of the detected or measured driving force whether there is a deviation of the measured driving force from a reference driving force, wherein the reference driving force is determined according to the floor.

The object is also achieved by a method for operating such an elevator installation.

The object is also achieved by a door drive of such an elevator installation, wherein the door drive is designed for operating an elevator door.

The elevator installation usually comprises an elevator shaft arranged in a building. Such buildings comprise a plurality of floors connected by an elevator shaft. The passengers of the elevator installation can thus reach different floors of the building by means of the elevator installation.

In an advantageous development of the invention, the elevator installation, in particular the elevator car, comprises at least one sensor unit for measuring or detecting external conditions, in particular pressure conditions, temperature conditions, air flows and/or wind. By means of such a sensor unit, for example, changing external conditions caused by the chimney effect, in particular meteorological conditions, can be detected. Preferably, the sensor unit is a component of the door drive.

The sensor unit can in particular also be provided to detect at least one changing external condition, which acts in an intensified or attenuated manner on the chimney effect. For example, the stack effect can be increased or decreased when the external temperature or the existing wind speed changes, so that the reference drive force determined in advance no longer corresponds to the current situation.

Varying external conditions may result from varying pressure conditions and/or air flow, such as those that occur under varying meteorological conditions due to the chimney effect. Thus, for example, pressure, temperature and/or wind speed can be measured by means of the sensor unit, wherein the respective external situation corresponds to the positioning of the sensor unit in the elevator installation, for example on the elevator car, in particular on the elevator doors. The at least one sensor unit may also be positioned such that the pressure in the elevator shaft or the pressure difference along the elevator shaft, in other words the wind conditions and/or the temperature, can be determined. The measurement, i.e. data collection, may be performed at regular time intervals, e.g. once a day, or continuously.

The sensor unit for detecting external conditions may be arranged at one location in the elevator shaft and/or the sensor unit may be arranged at a plurality of locations in the elevator shaft.

The evaluation unit is therefore preferably designed such that the measurement of at least one detected external condition is taken into account when determining the reference driving force in relation to the floor.

In a development of the elevator installation, the evaluation unit is designed such that, in the event of a change in the external situation, a corresponding, already stored further reference drive force is used or a renewed determination of the reference drive force is triggered. Accordingly, it is possible to take into account varying external conditions, which may lead to an enhanced chimney effect, for example, so that a larger reference driving force for the elevator door can be activated in the case of this enhanced chimney effect.

In a development of the elevator installation, the evaluation unit is designed to determine a floor-related reference drive force for each floor by means of floor-related reference measurements of the drive force during the respective closing time and/or opening time and by means of at least one condition detected by the sensor unit. In this way, the measured values of the external conditions can be taken into account for determining the reference driving force in relation to the elevator door, so that the reference driving force can be calibrated to a higher value if necessary without exceeding the closing force that is allowed to act on the obstacle starting from the door wing.

The reference drive force is thus determined by means of reference measurements of the drive force which are made during the respective closing time and/or opening time. The reference drive force can be stored as a drive force curve during the closing time and/or the opening time or as a value or an array, in particular as a pair of numbers. Such a determined value is usually numerically at the maximum of the measured drive force curve, i.e. greater than the value of the corresponding measured drive force curve. Or pairs of values are determined, wherein the two values are numerically located at the two extreme values of the measured driving force curve. It is also possible to store the entire curve of the graph corresponding to the measured driving force curve.

The closing time or opening time of an elevator door comprises the duration required for one or more door leaves belonging to the elevator door to move from the open state to the closed state of the elevator door or the duration required to move from the closed state to the open state.

An updated reference drive force can thus be determined, so that the reference drive force with respect to the elevator door can be calibrated to a higher value if necessary, without exceeding the closing force allowed to act on the obstacle starting from the door leaf. For example, the measured value may be used to weight the specified reference driving force and determine the weighted reference driving force as a new reference driving force. This means, for example, that a stronger stack effect, which is expected to form from the measured values, leads to a new, higher reference driving force.

In addition, values of the external conditions, in particular pressure conditions, temperature conditions, air flows and/or wind values, can be detected, by means of which the reference drive force of the respective floor is weighted in order to adapt the reference drive force to the changing external conditions without renewed measurement of the drive force.

Preferably, the reference driving force for each floor is determined and stored from reference measurements made for the floor. It is also possible to perform reference measurements only for at least one floor and to calculate, in particular interpolate, the reference driving forces for the remaining floors. This allows for a chimney effect which is always present to some extent from the beginning.

The measurements may be applied to other reference driving forces of other floors, for example in extrapolation or interpolation of driving force measurements for the respective floors.

The reference measurement and preferably the determination of the reference driving force may be performed in advance before the normal running operation is performed. Preferably, the reference driving force is updated during the driving operation so as to comply with slightly changing external conditions, if necessary. For this purpose, further reference measurements can be carried out continuously at regular time intervals or during normal driving operation for updating the reference driving force for one of the elevator doors.

In particular in tall buildings, in which a strong chimney effect may occur, it is expedient to use a floor-specific reference drive force in order to be able to open and/or close the elevator doors completely in the event of air resistance caused by the chimney effect. With the same reference driving force for all floors, the air resistance caused by the chimney effect can remain an obstacle to movement and thus prevent movement, in particular the closing of the elevator doors.

The reference driving force usually has different values for different floors, especially in the case of tall buildings, the elevator doors opening or closing on different floors.

The reference driving force for the floor is preferably stored in the evaluation unit. In particular, the reference driving force may be set by a value compared with a numerically maximum value of the driving force curve, or by a pair of values compared with two extreme values during the acceleration phase and the deceleration phase of the driving force curve.

Alternatively, the reference driving force may be determined as a reference driving force profile that is compared with a variation profile of the driving force during the closing time and/or the opening time. The driving force profile usually has different phases, namely an acceleration phase, a slip phase and a braking phase.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention the elevator car comprises a regulating unit which is designed such that, on the basis of a determined deviation of the measured driving force from the reference driving force, a stopping or a reversing movement of the elevator doors can be triggered. Preferably, the adjusting unit is a component of the door drive.

The data measured during normal operation of the elevator installation can be forwarded to an evaluation unit and/or a control unit, wherein the evaluation unit or the control unit can be a component of a central control of the elevator installation.

The evaluation unit is designed to compare the measured driving force with a reference driving force of the respective elevator door.

Contrary to the comparison of the reference driving force irrespective of the floor, according to the present method, it can be determined whether an increase in the driving force occurs due to an obstacle or a changing external condition. Varying external conditions are taken into account in terms of the floor-related reference driving force based on measurements on different floors.

Advantageously, the door is stopped and/or a reverse movement is triggered after determining the deviation of the measured driving force from the reference driving force.

Such a deviation of the measured driving force from the reference driving force may occur when at least one extreme value of the measured driving force curve numerically exceeds at least one value of the reference driving force or the reference driving force number pair, or when the pattern of the measured driving force curve deviates significantly from the pattern of the reference driving force curve.

The evaluation unit is implemented in particular for determining whether an obstacle is in contact with the elevator door. In addition to determining the driving force, detection of an external condition may also be taken into account when determining whether an obstacle is present.

Furthermore, by means of measuring the driving force, in particular when no stopping and a reverse movement are triggered, an updated reference driving force can be determined at least for the respective floor. In interference-free operation, each measurement can be used on the one hand for checking in the case of obstacles and on the other hand for updating the reference drive force.

Alternatively or additionally, the measured value of the external condition may be stored together with the reference driving force.

The elevator door is formed in particular by a car door and a shaft door, wherein the car door can be coupled to the shaft door on the floor, so that the car door and the shaft door as elevator door can be moved by a door drive. The elevator door can alternatively also be formed by a car door if the shaft door can be opened and closed individually and/or manually, for example. Alternatively, the elevator door may be constituted by a shaft door. The car door or the shaft door each comprises at least one door leaf which can be moved between an open position and a closed position of the elevator door by means of a door drive.

Drawings

The invention is explained below by means of examples shown in the drawings. Wherein:

fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an elevator installation;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the stack effect;

fig. 3 shows an exemplary diagram in which the motor current is plotted for two floors as a measure of the driving force with respect to time.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an elevator installation 10. The elevator installation 10 comprises an elevator shaft 12 and an elevator car 1.

The elevator car 1 comprises a car door 13 with two door wings 2, wherein the car door 13 can be coupled to one of a plurality of shaft doors 14 at a given time. Each of these shaft doors 14 is arranged on a respective floor 15. According to the shown fig. 1, the elevator door 2 consists of a car door 13 and a lower shaft door 14 coupled to the car door 13.

The elevator car 1 has a door drive 3 for operating car doors 13 and shaft doors 14 coupled to the car doors 13. The elevator car 1 also has a sensor 4 for detecting the motor power of the door drive 3 and an evaluation unit 5. The evaluation unit 5 is able to determine whether the detected maximum driving force 6a, 6b (see e.g. fig. 3) deviates from the floor-dependent reference driving force 7a, 7b (see e.g. fig. 3).

Since the reference driving forces 7a and 7b are floor-dependent, it is possible to reliably determine whether or not there is an obstacle in contact with the elevator door 2.

The elevator car 1 comprises a regulating unit 8. When the measured driving force 6a, 6b deviates from the reference driving force 7a, 7b, a stopping movement or a reverse movement of the elevator door 2 is triggered by the adjusting unit 8.

The elevator car 1 comprises a sensor unit 9 for measuring pressure conditions, temperature conditions, air flow and/or wind. Alternatively or additionally, a sensor unit 11 for detecting external conditions, in particular for detecting pressure conditions, temperature conditions, air flows and/or wind, can be arranged on the elevator shaft 12. This means that the sensor unit 11 can be arranged outside the elevator shaft 12 if necessary and that the measured values determined from the sensor unit 11 are taken into account when determining the at least one reference driving force 7a, 7 b.

The effect of the chimney effect is schematically shown in fig. 2. Since the elevator shaft 12 is usually in contact with the surroundings via building doors and elevator doors, hot air may enter strange wells. This hot air rise is high, which results in the elevator car 1 being subjected to a lower pressure in the lower region of the elevator shaft 12 than in the upper region of the elevator shaft 12.

Fig. 3 shows an exemplary diagram in which the motor current I is plotted for two floors as a measure for the drive force 6a, 6b over the time t, here over the length of the closing time 16.

The solid line corresponds to the driving force 6a on the intermediate floor. The dashed line corresponds to the driving force 6b on the upper floor where the chimney effect is active.

For two floors, the respective reference driving forces 7a, 7b can be determined from the time-related characteristic of the driving force 6a with respect to the numerical maximum. For example, the reference driving force may be determined by multiplying the value of the maximum value by, for example, 1.1 or 1.2.

The reference driving force for the remaining floors can be determined in further measurements or extrapolated from these values 7a, 7 b.

In normal operation, the elevator door is stopped or reverse movement is started only when the driving force exceeds the reference driving force of each floor.

Alternatively, the reference driving force may also be stored as a graph of the driving force characteristic with respect to time. A stop motion or a reverse motion occurs when the curve deviates. For this purpose, standards for characterizing the deviation and corresponding limit values are defined. Softer obstacles may also be taken into account when determining deviations of the curve pattern.

In addition, values relative to the external conditions, in particular pressure conditions, temperature conditions, air flow and/or wind values, can be detected, by means of which the reference drive force of the respective floor is weighted in order to adapt the reference drive force to the changing external conditions without a renewed measurement of the drive force.