阅读说明：本技术 一种可切换为超声波加工的后端穿线式电主轴及切换方法 (Rear-end threading type electric spindle capable of being switched to ultrasonic processing and switching method ) 是由 邹梦琪 于 2021-02-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种可切换为超声波加工的后端穿线式电主轴,包括钢筒、前轴承座、后轴承座、转子、拉杆组件、背盖、油缸组件、保护盖和超声波器件安装座,前轴承座和后轴承座分别安装于钢筒的前后两端,转子位于钢筒内,且转子的前后两端分别穿过前轴承座和后轴承座,拉杆组件设于转子内,且拉杆组件的前端用于安装标准刀柄或者超声波刀柄,背盖固定于后轴承座的后端,油缸组件安装于背盖的后端,保护盖和超声波器件安装座择一地安装于前轴承座的前端,超声波器件安装座的前端面开设有环状凹槽,环状凹槽内设有环形的超声波发射器,超声波刀柄上套设有环形的超声波接收器。本发明能满足多种加工要求、提高加工品质以及具备后端穿线特性。(The invention discloses a rear-end threading type electric spindle capable of being switched to ultrasonic processing, which comprises a steel cylinder, a front bearing seat, a rear bearing seat, a rotor, a pull rod assembly, a back cover, an oil cylinder assembly, a protective cover and an ultrasonic device mounting seat, wherein the front bearing seat and the rear bearing seat are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the steel cylinder, the rotor is positioned in the steel cylinder, the front end and the rear end of the rotor respectively penetrate through the front bearing seat and the rear bearing seat, the pull rod assembly is arranged in the rotor, and the front end of the pull rod assembly is used for installing a standard tool handle or an ultrasonic tool handle, the back cover is fixed at the rear end of the rear bearing seat, the oil cylinder assembly is installed at the rear end of the back cover, the protective cover and the ultrasonic device installation seat are alternatively installed at the front end of the front bearing seat, an annular groove is formed in the front end face of the ultrasonic device installation seat, an annular ultrasonic transmitter is arranged in the annular groove, and an annular ultrasonic receiver is sleeved on the ultrasonic tool handle. The invention can meet various processing requirements, improve the processing quality and has the rear end threading characteristic.)

1. The rear-end threading type electric spindle capable of being switched to ultrasonic machining is characterized by comprising a steel cylinder (1), a front bearing seat (2), a rear bearing seat (3), a rotor (4), a pull rod assembly (5), a back cover (6), an oil cylinder assembly (7), a protective cover (8) and an ultrasonic device mounting seat (9), wherein the front bearing seat (2) and the rear bearing seat (3) are respectively mounted at the front end and the rear end of the steel cylinder (1), the rotor (4) is positioned in the steel cylinder (1), the front end and the rear end of the rotor (4) respectively penetrate through the front bearing seat (2) and the rear bearing seat (3), the pull rod assembly (5) is arranged in the rotor (4), the front end of the pull rod assembly (5) is used for mounting a standard tool shank (10) or an ultrasonic tool shank (11), and the back cover (6) is fixed at the rear end of the rear bearing seat (3), the oil cylinder assembly (7) is installed at the rear end of the back cover (6), a plurality of basic hole sites (20) are formed in the front end face of the front bearing seat (2), first installation hole sites (80) capable of being matched with the basic hole sites (20) are formed in the protective cover (8), second installation hole sites (90) capable of being matched with the basic hole sites (20) are formed in the ultrasonic device installation seat (9), so that the protective cover (8) and the ultrasonic device installation seat (9) are alternatively installed at the front end of the front bearing seat (2), an annular groove (91) is formed in the front end face of the ultrasonic device installation seat (9), an annular ultrasonic transmitter (92) is arranged in the annular groove (91), an annular ultrasonic tool handle receiver (110) is sleeved on the ultrasonic tool handle (11), and when the ultrasonic tool handle (11) is installed at the front end of the pull rod assembly (5), the ultrasonic receiver (110) and the ultrasonic transmitter (92) are aligned with each other.

2. The rear-end threading electric spindle capable of being switched to ultrasonic machining according to claim 1, wherein the cylinder assembly (7) comprises a cylinder base (70), a sequentially communicated wire passing hole (12) is formed in the cylinder base (70), the back cover (6), the rear bearing seat (3), the steel cylinder (1), the front bearing seat (2) and the ultrasonic device mounting seat (9), and a cable of the ultrasonic transmitter (92) extends along the wire passing hole (12) and extends out of the rear end of the cylinder base (70).

3. The rear end threading type electric spindle switchable to ultrasonic machining according to claim 1, wherein a stator assembly (13) is fixed in the steel cylinder (1), the stator assembly (13) is located between the front bearing seat (2) and the rear bearing seat (3), the rotor (4) passes through the stator assembly (13), and the rotor (4) is driven to operate by the stator assembly (13).

4. The rear end threading type electric spindle capable of switching to ultrasonic machining according to claim 1, wherein the rear end of the pull rod assembly (5) is provided with an outwardly protruding sensing ring (50), the back cover (6) is provided with three proximity switches (60) in a penetrating manner, the three proximity switches (60) are arranged in a front-middle-rear direction, and when the cylinder assembly (7) drives the pull rod assembly (5) to move and the pull rod assembly (5) is in a cutter loosening state, a cutter clamping state and a cutter-free state, the sensing ring (50) is respectively aligned with the three proximity switches (60).

5. The rear-end threading type electric spindle capable of switching to ultrasonic machining according to claim 1, wherein a dust ring (22) is fixed to a front end of the front bearing seat (2), a waterproof cover (23) is screwed to a front end of the rotor (4), an annular gap (24) is formed between the dust ring (22) and the waterproof cover (23), an air-seal channel (25) is formed in the front bearing seat (2), the air-seal channel (25) is communicated with the annular gap (24), and an air flow injected in the air-seal channel (25) blows out through the annular gap (24) and forms an annular air curtain.

6. The rear end threading type electric spindle capable of switching to ultrasonic machining according to claim 5, wherein a step opening (220) is formed at a boundary of the dust-proof ring (22) and the front bearing seat (2), and when the protective cover (8) is sleeved outside the dust-proof ring (22), the protective cover (8) is located in the step opening (220).

7. The rear-end threading type electric spindle switchable to ultrasonic machining according to claim 5, wherein an escape gap is provided between the ultrasonic device mounting base (9) and the rotor (4), the dust ring (22) and the waterproof cover (23).

8. The ultrasonic machining function switching method of the electric spindle is characterized in that the electric spindle comprises a steel cylinder (1), a front bearing seat (2), a rear bearing seat (3), a rotor (4), a pull rod assembly (5), a back cover (6), an oil cylinder assembly (7), a protective cover (8) and an ultrasonic device mounting seat (9), the front bearing seat (2) and the rear bearing seat (3) are respectively mounted at the front end and the rear end of the steel cylinder (1), the rotor (4) is located in the steel cylinder (1), the front end and the rear end of the rotor (4) respectively penetrate through the front bearing seat (2) and the rear bearing seat (3), the pull rod assembly (5) is arranged in the rotor (4), the front end of the pull rod assembly (5) is used for mounting a standard knife handle (10) or an ultrasonic knife handle (11), the back cover (6) is fixed at the rear end of the rear bearing seat (3), the oil cylinder assembly (7) is installed at the rear end of the back cover (6), an annular groove (91) is formed in the front end face of the ultrasonic device installation seat (9), an annular ultrasonic transmitter (92) is arranged in the annular groove (91), an annular ultrasonic receiver (110) is sleeved on the ultrasonic knife handle (11), and the method comprises the following steps:

step S1, a plurality of basic hole sites (20) are arranged on the front end face of the front bearing seat (2), a first mounting hole site (80) which can be matched with the basic hole sites (20) is arranged on the protective cover (8), and a second mounting hole site (90) which can be matched with the basic hole sites (20) is arranged on the ultrasonic device mounting seat (9);

a step S2 of selecting a function, executing a step S3 if the normal machining mode is executed, and executing a step S4 if the ultrasonic machining mode is executed;

step S3, installing the protective cover (8) at the front end of the front bearing seat (2), and then installing the standard cutter handle (10) at the front end of the pull rod assembly (5);

step S4, the ultrasonic device mounting seat (9) is mounted at the front end of the front bearing seat (2), then the ultrasonic knife handle (11) is mounted at the front end of the pull rod assembly (5), and the ultrasonic receiver (110) and the ultrasonic transmitter (92) are aligned with each other.

Technical Field

The invention relates to an electric spindle, in particular to a rear-end threading type electric spindle capable of being switched to ultrasonic processing and a switching method.

Background

The conventional electric spindle can only process materials with common hardness by adopting a common tool handle, and cannot effectively process some special metals and advanced high polymer materials. At present, high performance composite material is as emerging material, and its application in modern manufacturing is more and more extensive, but when using conventional means to add man-hour, cutter or grinding apparatus are inefficacy very easily because of the too fast wearing and tearing, and precision control is bad moreover, has not only reduced the life of cutter, and frequent change processing cutter or grinding rod also increase process time and processing cost moreover, leads to emerging material's utilization to be difficult to promote, and production efficiency is low, can not satisfy the production requirement. In addition, in the conventional ultrasonic machining apparatus, a signal line of the ultrasonic transmitter is generally provided at the tip of the spindle, and is likely to come into contact with other rotating or moving members during machining, so that there is a risk that the lead wire is wound or pulled. Meanwhile, in the machining process, the machining action of the front end of the main shaft is easily interfered, and high-reliability machining is difficult to realize.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an electric spindle and a switching method, which can flexibly switch between a standard tool holder and an ultrasonic tool holder so as to meet various machining requirements, improve machining quality, have rear end threading characteristics and can be switched to an ultrasonic machining mode, aiming at the defects of the prior art.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.

A rear-end threading type electric spindle capable of being switched to ultrasonic processing comprises a steel cylinder, a front bearing seat, a rear bearing seat, a rotor, a pull rod assembly, a back cover, an oil cylinder assembly, a protective cover and an ultrasonic device mounting seat, wherein the front bearing seat and the rear bearing seat are respectively mounted at the front end and the rear end of the steel cylinder, the rotor is positioned in the steel cylinder, the front end and the rear end of the rotor respectively penetrate through the front bearing seat and the rear bearing seat, the pull rod assembly is arranged in the rotor, the front end of the pull rod assembly is used for mounting a standard tool handle or an ultrasonic tool handle, the back cover is fixed at the rear end of the rear bearing seat, the oil cylinder assembly is mounted at the rear end of the back cover, a plurality of basic hole sites are arranged on the front end surface of the front bearing seat, and a first mounting hole site capable of being matched with the basic hole sites is arranged on the, the ultrasonic device mounting seat is provided with a second mounting hole site which can be matched with the basic hole site, so that the protective cover and the ultrasonic device mounting seat are alternatively mounted at the front end of the front bearing seat, the front end surface of the ultrasonic device mounting seat is provided with an annular groove, an annular ultrasonic transmitter is arranged in the annular groove, an annular ultrasonic receiver is sleeved on the ultrasonic knife handle, and when the ultrasonic knife handle is mounted at the front end of the pull rod assembly, the ultrasonic receiver and the ultrasonic transmitter are aligned with each other.

Preferably, the cylinder assembly comprises a cylinder base, the back cover, the rear bearing seat, the steel cylinder, the front bearing seat and the ultrasonic device mounting seat are internally provided with wire passing holes which are sequentially communicated, and a cable of the ultrasonic transmitter extends along the wire passing holes and extends out of the rear end of the cylinder base.

Preferably, a stator assembly is fixed in the steel cylinder, the stator assembly is located between the front bearing seat and the rear bearing seat, the rotor passes through the stator assembly, and the stator assembly drives the rotor to operate.

Preferably, the rear end of the pull rod assembly is provided with an outwardly protruding induction ring, the back cover is provided with three proximity switches in a penetrating manner, the three proximity switches are sequentially arranged in a front-middle-rear direction, and when the oil cylinder assembly drives the pull rod assembly to move and the pull rod assembly is in a cutter loosening state, a cutter clamping state and a cutter-free state, the induction ring is aligned with the three proximity switches respectively.

Preferably, a dust ring is fixed at the front end of the front bearing seat, a waterproof cover is screwed at the front end of the rotor, an annular gap is formed between the dust ring and the waterproof cover, an air sealing channel is formed in the front bearing seat and communicated with the annular gap, and airflow injected into the air sealing channel blows outwards through the annular gap to form an annular air curtain.

Preferably, a step opening is formed at the junction of the dust ring and the front bearing seat, and when the protective cover is sleeved outside the dust ring, the protective cover is located in the step opening.

Preferably, avoidance gaps are arranged between the ultrasonic device mounting seat and the rotor, between the dustproof ring and the waterproof cover.

A method for switching ultrasonic machining functions of an electric spindle comprises a steel cylinder, a front bearing seat, a rear bearing seat, a rotor, a pull rod assembly, a back cover, an oil cylinder assembly, a protective cover and an ultrasonic device mounting seat, wherein the front bearing seat and the rear bearing seat are respectively mounted at the front end and the rear end of the steel cylinder, the rotor is positioned in the steel cylinder, the front end and the rear end of the rotor respectively penetrate through the front bearing seat and the rear bearing seat, the pull rod assembly is arranged in the rotor, the front end of the pull rod assembly is used for mounting a standard knife handle or an ultrasonic knife handle, the back cover is fixed at the rear end of the back bearing seat, the oil cylinder assembly is mounted at the rear end of the back cover, an annular groove is formed in the front end face of the ultrasonic device mounting seat, an annular ultrasonic transmitter is arranged in the annular groove, and an annular ultrasonic receiver is sleeved on the ultrasonic knife handle, the method comprises the following steps: step S1, a plurality of basic hole sites are arranged on the front end face of the front bearing seat, a first mounting hole site which can be matched with the basic hole sites is arranged on the protective cover, and a second mounting hole site which can be matched with the basic hole sites is arranged on the ultrasonic device mounting seat; a step S2 of selecting a function, executing a step S3 if the normal machining mode is executed, and executing a step S4 if the ultrasonic machining mode is executed; step S3, mounting the protective cover at the front end of the front bearing seat, and mounting the standard tool shank at the front end of the pull rod assembly; step S4, the ultrasonic device mounting base is mounted at the front end of the front bearing block, and then the ultrasonic tool shank is mounted at the front end of the tie rod assembly, so that the ultrasonic receiver and the ultrasonic transmitter are aligned with each other.

In order to realize function switching, firstly, a plurality of basic hole sites are arranged on the front end face of a front bearing seat, meanwhile, a first mounting hole site capable of being matched with the basic hole sites is arranged on a protective cover, a second mounting hole site capable of being matched with the basic hole sites is arranged on an ultrasonic device mounting seat, in the practical application process, function selection is carried out according to requirements, if a common processing mode is executed, a protective cover is mounted at the front end of the front bearing seat, and then a standard tool shank is mounted at the front end of a pull rod assembly; if the ultrasonic machining mode is executed, the ultrasonic device mounting seat is mounted at the front end of the front bearing seat, then the ultrasonic tool handle is mounted at the front end of the pull rod assembly, and the ultrasonic receiver and the ultrasonic transmitter are aligned with each other. Based on the principle, the invention can complete the flexible conversion of common processing and ultrasonic processing modes only by simply disassembling and replacing the front end part of the main shaft, thereby not only meeting various processing requirements, but also greatly improving the processing quality and being beneficial to saving the processing cost.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a partially exploded view of an electric spindle with a standard tool shank mounted thereon;

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the motorized spindle with a standard tool shank installed;

FIG. 3 is a partially exploded view of the motorized spindle with an ultrasonic tool shank mounted thereon;

FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the motorized spindle with an ultrasonic tool shank mounted thereto;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an ultrasonic device mount;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an ultrasonic device mount;

FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of the first motorized spindle;

FIG. 8 is a partial sectional view of the motorized spindle;

FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view three of the motorized spindle;

FIG. 10 is an exploded view of the back cover and three proximity switches;

fig. 11 is a structural view of the back cover.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the figures and examples.

The invention discloses a rear-end threading type electric spindle capable of being switched to ultrasonic processing, which is shown by combining figures 1 to 11 and comprises a steel cylinder 1, a front bearing seat 2, a rear bearing seat 3, a rotor 4, a pull rod assembly 5, a back cover 6, an oil cylinder assembly 7, a protective cover 8 and an ultrasonic device mounting seat 9, wherein the front bearing seat 2 and the rear bearing seat 3 are respectively mounted at the front end and the rear end of the steel cylinder 1, the rotor 4 is positioned in the steel cylinder 1, the front end and the rear end of the rotor 4 respectively penetrate through the front bearing seat 2 and the rear bearing seat 3, the pull rod assembly 5 is arranged in the rotor 4, the front end of the pull rod assembly 5 is used for mounting a standard tool shank 10 or an ultrasonic wave 11, the back cover 6 is fixed at the rear end of the rear bearing seat 3, the oil cylinder assembly 7 is mounted at the rear end of the back cover 6, the front end surface of the front bearing seat 2 is provided with a plurality of basic tool shanks 20, the protective cover 8 is provided with a first mounting hole 80 capable of being matched with the basic hole 20, the ultrasonic device mounting seat 9 is provided with a second mounting hole 90 capable of being matched with the basic hole 20, so that the protective cover 8 and the ultrasonic device mounting seat 9 are alternatively mounted at the front end of the front bearing seat 2, the front end face of the ultrasonic device mounting seat 9 is provided with an annular groove 91, an annular ultrasonic transmitter 92 is arranged in the annular groove 91, an annular ultrasonic receiver 110 is sleeved on the ultrasonic knife handle 11, and when the ultrasonic knife handle 11 is mounted at the front end of the pull rod assembly 5, the ultrasonic receiver 110 is aligned with the ultrasonic transmitter 92.

In the electric spindle, in order to implement function switching, a plurality of basic hole sites 20 are firstly formed in the front end surface of the front bearing seat 2, meanwhile, a first mounting hole site 80 capable of being matched with the basic hole sites 20 is formed in the protective cover 8, a second mounting hole site 90 capable of being matched with the basic hole sites 20 is formed in the ultrasonic device mounting seat 9, in the practical application process, function selection is performed according to requirements, if a common machining mode is executed, the protective cover 8 is mounted at the front end of the front bearing seat 2, and then the standard tool shank 10 is mounted at the front end of the pull rod assembly 5; if the ultrasonic machining mode is executed, the ultrasonic device mounting seat 9 is mounted at the front end of the front bearing seat 2, and then the ultrasonic tool shank 11 is mounted at the front end of the drawbar assembly 5, so that the ultrasonic receiver 110 and the ultrasonic transmitter 92 are aligned with each other. Based on the principle, the invention can complete the flexible conversion of common processing and ultrasonic processing modes only by simply disassembling and replacing the front end part of the main shaft, and the components of the main body part of the main shaft are not disassembled in the replacement process, thereby ensuring the integrity of the main body part of the main shaft, further meeting various processing requirements, greatly improving the processing quality and being beneficial to saving the processing cost.

Preferably, the cylinder assembly 7 includes a cylinder base 70, the back cover 6, the rear bearing seat 3, the steel cylinder 1, the front bearing seat 2, and the ultrasonic device mounting seat 9 have sequentially communicated wire holes 12 formed therein, and the cable of the ultrasonic transmitter 92 extends along the wire holes 12 and extends from the rear end of the cylinder base 70.

In the above structure, the wiring hole 12 extending from front to back is provided in the electric spindle, so that the cable of the ultrasonic transmitter 92 can extend out from the back end of the cylinder block 70, which is helpful for completing wiring from the back end.

In this embodiment, a stator assembly 13 is fixed in the steel cylinder 1, the stator assembly 13 is located between the front bearing seat 2 and the rear bearing seat 3, the rotor 4 passes through the stator assembly 13, and the stator assembly 13 drives the rotor 4 to operate. Based on the matching of the stator assembly 13 and the magnet on the rotor 4, the electric spindle has the structure and corresponding functions of a built-in motor, external driving force is not needed, and the equipment structure is more compact, and the reliability and the precision are higher.

In order to timely monitor the states of cutter loosening, cutter clamping and cutter absence, in this embodiment, the rear end of the pull rod assembly 5 is provided with an outwardly protruding sensing ring 50, the back cover 6 is provided with three proximity switches 60 in a penetrating manner, the three proximity switches 60 are sequentially arranged in front, middle and back, and when the cylinder assembly 7 drives the pull rod assembly 5 to move and the pull rod assembly 5 is in the states of cutter loosening, cutter clamping and cutter absence, the sensing ring 50 is respectively aligned with the three proximity switches 60.

Preferably, a dust ring 22 is fixed to a front end of the front bearing seat 2, a waterproof cover 23 is screwed to a front end of the rotor 4, an annular gap 24 is formed between the dust ring 22 and the waterproof cover 23, an air seal channel 25 is formed in the front bearing seat 2, the air seal channel 25 communicates with the annular gap 24, and an air flow injected into the air seal channel 25 is blown out through the annular gap 24 to form an annular air curtain. The annular air curtain can play a cleaning role on the front end of the main shaft, particularly can clean air flow of a gap between the ultrasonic device mounting seat 9 and the rotor 4 after the ultrasonic device mounting seat 9 is mounted, and places dust, water and the like into the main shaft.

In this embodiment, a step opening 220 is formed at a junction between the dust-proof ring 22 and the front bearing seat 2, and when the protective cover 8 is sleeved outside the dust-proof ring 22, the protective cover 8 is located in the step opening 220. The above structure facilitates mounting of the ultrasonic device mount 9 and the protective cover 8 on the front bearing housing 2, while involving a smaller number of parts, contributing to an improvement in function switching efficiency.

In order to avoid abrasion among components, in the embodiment, clearance gaps are formed among the ultrasonic device mounting seat 9, the rotor 4, the dust-proof ring 22 and the waterproof cover 23.

On the basis, the embodiment further provides an ultrasonic machining function switching method of the electric spindle, the electric spindle comprises a steel cylinder 1, a front bearing seat 2, a rear bearing seat 3, a rotor 4, a pull rod assembly 5, a back cover 6, an oil cylinder assembly 7, a protective cover 8 and an ultrasonic device mounting seat 9, the front bearing seat 2 and the rear bearing seat 3 are respectively mounted at the front end and the rear end of the steel cylinder 1, the rotor 4 is located in the steel cylinder 1, the front end and the rear end of the rotor 4 respectively penetrate through the front bearing seat 2 and the rear bearing seat 3, the pull rod assembly 5 is arranged in the rotor 4, the front end of the pull rod assembly 5 is used for mounting a standard tool shank 10 or an ultrasonic tool shank 11, the back cover 6 is fixed at the rear end of the rear bearing seat 3, the oil cylinder assembly 7 is mounted at the rear end of the back cover 6, an annular groove 91 is formed in the front end face of the ultrasonic device mounting seat 9, an annular ultrasonic transmitter 92 is arranged in the annular groove 91, an annular ultrasonic receiver 110 is sleeved on the ultrasonic knife handle 11, and the method comprises the following steps:

step S1, a plurality of basic holes 20 are opened on the front end face of the front bearing block 2, a first mounting hole 80 capable of matching with the basic holes 20 is opened on the protective cover 8, and a second mounting hole 90 capable of matching with the basic holes 20 is opened on the ultrasonic device mounting base 9;

a step S2 of selecting a function, executing a step S3 if the normal machining mode is executed, and executing a step S4 if the ultrasonic machining mode is executed;

step S3, mounting the protective cover 8 at the front end of the front bearing seat 2, and mounting the standard tool shank 10 at the front end of the pull rod assembly 5;

step S4, the ultrasonic device mounting base 9 is mounted at the front end of the front bearing block 2, and then the ultrasonic tool shank 11 is mounted at the front end of the tie rod assembly 5, so that the ultrasonic receiver 110 and the ultrasonic transmitter 92 are aligned with each other.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents or improvements made within the technical scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.