阅读说明：本技术 一种亚麻的脱胶工艺 (Degumming process of flax ) 是由 王培玉 于 2020-12-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种亚麻的脱胶工艺,通过将亚麻进行湿热灭菌后干燥,并将干燥后的亚麻放入池中,调节水pH值3.7-4.8,添加酶制剂浸泡8-12h,后进行水洗按亚麻与水质量比为1：8-12放入液相放电装置中,放电次数3-8次,放电瞬间放电端电压12-18kV,将经上述处理后的亚麻放入水中浸泡,然后风热干燥并控制亚麻含水率为40％-60％,进行微波处理4-8min,微波功率200-400W；用水反复冲洗,静置风干,收集干燥物；本发明方法能够有效减少化工原料的使用,并能够提升亚麻纤维的外观、物理、力学性能,而且有效降低了酶制剂的使用,降低了生产成本,降低了污染排放。(The invention discloses a flax degumming process, which comprises the steps of drying flax after carrying out damp-heat sterilization, putting the dried flax into a pool, adjusting the pH value of water to be 3.7-4.8, adding an enzyme preparation for soaking for 8-12h, then washing with water according to the mass ratio of the flax to the water of 1: 8-12, putting the flax into a liquid phase discharge device, discharging for 3-8 times, discharging at the instantaneous discharge end with the voltage of 12-18kV, soaking the treated flax in water, then drying the flax by wind heat, controlling the water content of the flax to be 40% -60%, carrying out microwave treatment for 4-8min, and carrying out microwave treatment with the power of 200-400W; repeatedly washing with water, standing, air drying, and collecting dried product; the method can effectively reduce the use of chemical raw materials, improve the appearance, physical and mechanical properties of the flax fiber, effectively reduce the use of enzyme preparations, reduce the production cost and reduce the pollution emission.)

1. A degumming process of flax is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

(a) placing the flax into a dryer after moist heat sterilization, drying at 45-55 ℃, and mixing the dried flax in a mass ratio of the flax to water of 1: 12-16, putting into a pool, adjusting the pH value of water to 3.7-4.8, adding the enzyme preparation according to the mass ratio of the enzyme preparation to the flax of 50-100:12000-18000, and soaking for 8-12 h;

(b) taking out the treated flax, washing the flax for 0.5-2min, and mixing the flax after washing with water according to the mass ratio of the flax to the water of 1: 8-12, putting the mixture into a liquid phase discharge device, adjusting the pH value of water to 7.0-7.8, adjusting the discharge frequency to 3-8, adjusting the voltage of a discharge end at the moment of discharge to 12-18kV, and adjusting the pH value of the water to 7.0-7.8 after each discharge;

(c) and (3) mixing the flax treated by the above steps according to the mass ratio of the flax to water of 1: 3-6, soaking in water for 4-8h, taking out the treated flax, carrying out air-heat drying at 40-55 ℃ and controlling the water content of the flax to be 40% -60%, and then carrying out microwave treatment on the treated flax for 4-8min with the microwave power of 200-;

repeatedly washing the treated flax with water, standing at 30-45 deg.C, air drying, and collecting the dried product.

2. The process for degumming flax according to claim 1, characterized in that: the enzyme preparation in the step (a) is prepared from pectinase and xylanase according to the mass ratio of 2: 1.

3. The process for degumming flax according to claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature for performing moist heat sterilization on the flax in the step (a) is 121 ℃.

4. The process for degumming flax according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (b), the discharge frequency is 6 times, and the voltage of a discharge end is 15kV at the moment of discharge.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of flax textile technology, in particular to a flax degumming technology.

Background

Flax is an annual herbaceous plant, is an ancient bast fiber crop, originates from the near east and the coast of the mediterranean, is widely planted in the continental europe, has the characteristics of strong tension, softness, good fineness, weak electric conduction, quick water absorption and water dispersion, high expansion rate and the like, is known as 'fiber empress', is a natural fiber which is used by human earliest, can be used for spinning high count yarn and manufacturing high-grade clothing, is the same as all bast fiber crops, contains water-insoluble derivative pectic substances in cell walls and intercellular layers, can bond and fix cells of bast layer parenchyma and bast fiber cells to form an organic whole due to the viscosity of the derivative pectic substances, so that the aim of degumming flax protostem is to separate bast layer from wood layer by decomposing pectic substances around fiber bundle tissues formed by the bast fiber cells, separate the fiber bundle tissues from the bast stem, the soft, fine and smooth mature flax fibers are obtained, the pectin connecting single fibers in the fiber bundles cannot be damaged, and the degumming effect directly influences the subsequent flax processing processes such as scutching, combing and the like.

The flax degumming methods adopted in the current industrial production mainly comprise warm water retting degumming (warm water impregnation method) and rain degumming method; a rain and dew degumming method is a main method for degumming flax stems industrially at home and abroad, and comprises the steps of putting the stems into a retting tank, adding clear water, heating to 32-35 ℃ to propagate microorganisms, and decomposing pectin in the stems by the microorganisms after 3-5 days to separate fiber bundles from wood layers; the rain and dew degumming method is that protocorms are laid on fields, colloid in the hemp stems is destroyed by means of the reproduction of microorganisms in the nature under the irradiation of sunlight and the wetting of rain and dew, so that fiber bundles and wood layers in the hemp stems are separated to achieve the purpose of degumming, the rain and dew method has higher requirements on the temperature and the humidity of the environment, most areas in China are limited by geographical positions and climatic conditions, and the method is not suitable for being adopted, so that the enzymatic degumming becomes a research hotspot of flax degumming in recent years, crude enzyme liquid generated by degumming bacteria is used for dipping flax stems, or purifying crude enzyme solution, concentrating into powder or dissolving in water, soaking caulis et folium Lini in enzyme diluent for enzymolysis degumming, with short production period, controllable degumming fiber composition and structure, however, the enzyme preparation is difficult to be used in large-scale industrial production due to high production cost and usage amount of the enzyme preparation.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a degumming process capable of impregnating flax for a short time so as to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical means:

a degumming process of flax comprises the following steps:

(a) placing the flax into a dryer after moist heat sterilization, drying at 45-55 ℃, and mixing the dried flax in a mass ratio of the flax to water of 1: 12-16, putting into a pool, adjusting the pH value of water to 3.7-4.8, adding the enzyme preparation according to the mass ratio of the enzyme preparation to the flax of 50-100:12000-18000, and soaking for 8-12 h;

(b) taking out the treated flax, washing the flax for 0.5-2min, and mixing the flax after washing with water according to the mass ratio of the flax to the water of 1: 8-12, putting the mixture into a liquid phase discharge device, adjusting the pH value of water to 7.0-7.8, adjusting the discharge frequency to 3-8, adjusting the voltage of a discharge end at the moment of discharge to 12-18kV, and adjusting the pH value of the water to 7.0-7.8 after each discharge;

(c) and (3) mixing the flax treated by the above steps according to the mass ratio of the flax to water of 1: 3-6, soaking in water for 4-8h, taking out the treated flax, carrying out air-heat drying at 40-55 ℃ and controlling the water content of the flax to be 40% -60%, and then carrying out microwave treatment on the treated flax for 4-8min with the microwave power of 200-;

(d) repeatedly washing the treated flax with water, standing at 30-45 deg.C, air drying, and collecting the dried product.

Further, the enzyme preparation in the step (a) is prepared from pectinase and xylanase according to the mass ratio of 2: 1.

Further, the temperature for performing the moist heat sterilization on the flax in the step (a) is 121 ℃.

Further, in the step (b), the discharging times are 6 times, and the discharging end voltage is 15kV at the discharging moment.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention removes corresponding bacteria in the flax raw material through moist heat sterilization, effectively heats and softens the flax, then dries and enzymolyzes the flax, the combination degree of pectin and flax in the flax is destroyed, then the colloid on the surface of the flax is crushed and the pollutants on the surface of the flax are removed through liquid-phase discharge treatment, so that the pollutants enter water, the treatment capability of liquid phase discharge on flax degumming is enhanced by effectively adjusting the pH value of water, the fiber strength of flax is improved, and after microwave treatment, the stretching performance of the flax fiber is effectively enhanced, the flax with better whiteness and linear density is obtained, the method can effectively reduce the use of chemical raw materials, can improve the appearance, physical and mechanical properties of the flax fiber, but also effectively reduces the use of enzyme preparations, the production cost and the pollution discharge.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described below with reference to the following examples:

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION

The invention relates to a method for preparing a composite material, which comprises the following steps:

in this embodiment, a degumming process of flax includes the following steps:

(a) placing the flax into a dryer after moist heat sterilization, drying at 45-55 ℃, and mixing the dried flax in a mass ratio of the flax to water of 1: 12-16, putting into a pool, adjusting the pH value of water to 3.7-4.8, adding the enzyme preparation according to the mass ratio of the enzyme preparation to the flax of 50-100:12000-18000, and soaking for 8-12 h;

(b) taking out the treated flax, washing the flax for 0.5-2min, and mixing the flax after washing with water according to the mass ratio of the flax to the water of 1: 8-12, putting the mixture into a liquid phase discharge device, adjusting the pH value of water to 7.0-7.8, adjusting the discharge frequency to 3-8, adjusting the voltage of a discharge end at the moment of discharge to 12-18kV, and adjusting the pH value of the water to 7.0-7.8 after each discharge;

(c) and (3) mixing the flax treated by the above steps according to the mass ratio of the flax to water of 1: 3-6, soaking in water for 4-8h, taking out the treated flax, carrying out air-heat drying at 40-55 ℃ and controlling the water content of the flax to be 40% -60%, and then carrying out microwave treatment on the treated flax for 4-8min with the microwave power of 200-;

(d) repeatedly washing the treated flax with water, standing at 30-45 deg.C, air drying, and collecting the dried product.

Further, the enzyme preparation in the step (a) is prepared from pectinase and xylanase according to the mass ratio of 2: 1.

Further, the temperature for performing the moist heat sterilization on the flax in the step (a) is 121 ℃.

Further, in the step (b), the discharging times are 6 times, and the discharging end voltage is 15kV at the discharging moment.

Example 1

Placing the flax into a dryer after carrying out damp-heat sterilization, drying at 50 ℃, and mixing the dried flax according to the mass ratio of the flax to water of 1: 13, putting the mixture into a pool, adjusting the pH value of water to be 4.5, adding an enzyme preparation into the mixture according to the mass ratio of the enzyme preparation to the flax of 50-100:12000-18000, and soaking the mixture for 8-12 h; taking out the treated flax, washing the flax for 0.5min by water, and mixing the flax after washing by water according to the mass ratio of the flax to the water of 1: 9, putting the water into a liquid phase discharge device, adjusting the pH value of the water to be 7.2, discharging for 4 times, discharging the voltage of a discharge end at the moment of discharging to be 13kV, and adjusting the pH value of the water to be 7.2 after each discharging; and (3) mixing the flax treated by the above steps according to the mass ratio of the flax to water of 1: 5, soaking for 6 hours in the soaking solution, taking out the treated flax, performing air-heating drying at 50 ℃ and controlling the water content of the flax to be 40-60%, and then performing microwave treatment on the treated flax for 5min at the microwave power of 220W; repeatedly washing the treated flax with water, standing at 35 deg.C, air drying, and collecting the dried product.

Example 2

Placing the flax into a dryer after carrying out damp-heat sterilization, drying at 50 ℃, and mixing the dried flax according to the mass ratio of the flax to water of 1: 13, putting the mixture into a pool, adjusting the pH value of water to be 4.5, adding an enzyme preparation into the mixture according to the mass ratio of the enzyme preparation to the flax of 50-100:12000-18000, and soaking the mixture for 8-12 h; taking out the treated flax, washing the flax for 0.5min by water, and mixing the flax after washing by water according to the mass ratio of the flax to the water of 1: 9, putting the water into a liquid phase discharge device, adjusting the pH value of the water to be 7.2, discharging for 5 times, discharging the voltage of a discharge end at the moment of discharging to be 13kV, and adjusting the pH value of the water to be 7.2 after each discharging; and (3) mixing the flax treated by the above steps according to the mass ratio of the flax to water of 1: 5, soaking for 6 hours in the soaking solution, taking out the treated flax, performing air-heating drying at 50 ℃ and controlling the water content of the flax to be 40-60%, and then performing microwave treatment on the treated flax for 5min at the microwave power of 220W; repeatedly washing the treated flax with water, standing at 35 deg.C, air drying, and collecting the dried product.

Example 3

Placing the flax into a dryer after carrying out damp-heat sterilization, drying at 50 ℃, and mixing the dried flax according to the mass ratio of the flax to water of 1: 13, putting the mixture into a pool, adjusting the pH value of water to be 4.5, adding an enzyme preparation into the mixture according to the mass ratio of the enzyme preparation to the flax of 50-100:12000-18000, and soaking the mixture for 8-12 h; taking out the treated flax, washing the flax for 0.5min by water, and mixing the flax after washing by water according to the mass ratio of the flax to the water of 1: 9, putting the water into a liquid phase discharge device, adjusting the pH value of the water to be 7.2, discharging for 6 times, discharging the voltage of a discharge end at the moment of discharging to be 13kV, and adjusting the pH value of the water to be 7.2 after each discharging; and (3) mixing the flax treated by the above steps according to the mass ratio of the flax to water of 1: 5, soaking for 6 hours in the soaking solution, taking out the treated flax, performing air-heating drying at 50 ℃ and controlling the water content of the flax to be 40-60%, and then performing microwave treatment on the treated flax for 5min at the microwave power of 220W; repeatedly washing the treated flax with water, standing at 35 deg.C, air drying, and collecting the dried product.

Example 4

Placing the flax into a dryer after carrying out damp-heat sterilization, drying at 50 ℃, and mixing the dried flax according to the mass ratio of the flax to water of 1: 13, putting the mixture into a pool, adjusting the pH value of water to be 4.5, adding an enzyme preparation into the mixture according to the mass ratio of the enzyme preparation to the flax of 50-100:12000-18000, and soaking the mixture for 8-12 h; taking out the treated flax, washing the flax for 0.5min by water, and mixing the flax after washing by water according to the mass ratio of the flax to the water of 1: 9, putting the water into a liquid phase discharge device, adjusting the pH value of the water to be 7.2, discharging for 8 times, discharging the voltage of a discharge end at the moment of discharging to be 13kV, and adjusting the pH value of the water to be 7.2 after each discharging; and (3) mixing the flax treated by the above steps according to the mass ratio of the flax to water of 1: 5, soaking for 6 hours in the soaking solution, taking out the treated flax, performing air-heating drying at 50 ℃ and controlling the water content of the flax to be 40-60%, and then performing microwave treatment on the treated flax for 5min at the microwave power of 220W; repeatedly washing the treated flax with water, standing at 35 deg.C, air drying, and collecting the dried product.

Comparing the data of the flax treated in the above examples, it can be seen that the table 1 below shows the fiber strength and the liquid phase discharge water quality change table of flax

TABLE 1

The method can effectively reduce the use of chemical raw materials, improve the appearance, physical and mechanical properties of the flax fiber, effectively reduce the use of enzyme preparations, reduce the production cost and reduce the pollution emission.

The embodiments disclosed in the present invention are within the scope of the claims, and the specific embodiments are only for describing the specific embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, and the specific embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

The product structure connection relation falling within the protection scope of the invention falls within the protection content of the invention; it is within the spirit of the present invention that conventional technical modifications to the structure of product parts, such as those made in the specific embodiments of the present invention, may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

While certain exemplary embodiments of the invention have been described above by way of illustration only, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the foregoing description is illustrative in nature and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.

Unless defined otherwise, all academic and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control.

All percentages, parts, ratios, etc., are by weight unless otherwise indicated.

When a value or range of values, preferred range or list of lower preferable values and upper preferable values is given, it should be understood that it specifically discloses any range formed by any pair of values of any lower range limit or preferred value and any upper range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. Where a range of numerical values is described herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include the endpoints of the range and all integers and fractions within the range.

When the term "about" or "approximately" is used to describe a numerical value or an end of a range, the disclosure should be interpreted to include the specific numerical value or end points referred to.

The use of "a" and "an" are merely for convenience and to provide a general context for the invention. Unless expressly stated otherwise, this description should be read to include one or at least one.