阅读说明：本技术 具备釉药层的物品 (Article with enamel layer ) 是由 清水哲 长谷川绫子 于 2020-03-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种具备釉药层的物品,该釉药层具有质感优异的哑光色调的表面。该物品具备基材和设于该基材表面的釉药层,该物品具备以下性状：所述釉药层的表面的60°光泽度为大于20且50以下,使用依据JIS B0651(2001)的触针式表面粗糙度测定装置在JIS B0601(2001)中另行规定的条件下得到的粗糙度曲线的均方根斜率(RΔq)的变异系数为0.04以上且0.1以下,并且使用依据JIS B0651(2001)的触针式表面粗糙度测定装置在JIS B0601(2001)中另行规定的条件下得到的算术平均粗糙度(Ra)为0.0μm以上且0.5μm以下。该物品有柔和感、温暖感,能感觉到湿润的上等品质,此外,触感也得到提高。(Disclosed is an article having a glaze layer having a matte-tone surface with excellent texture. The article comprises a base material and a glaze layer provided on the surface of the base material, and has the following properties: the surface of the glaze layer has a 60 DEG gloss of more than 20 and 50 or less, a coefficient of variation of root mean square slope (R Delta q) of a roughness curve obtained under conditions separately specified in JIS B0601(2001) using a stylus type surface roughness measurement device according to JIS B0651(2001) is 0.04 or more and 0.1 or less, and an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) obtained under conditions separately specified in JIS B0601(2001) using a stylus type surface roughness measurement device according to JIS B0651(2001) is 0.0 μm or more and 0.5 μm or less. The product has soft feeling, warm feeling, and wet quality, and improved touch feeling.)

1. An article comprising a base material and a glaze layer provided on the surface of the base material,

the article has the following properties:

the surface of the glaze layer has a 60 DEG glossiness of more than 20 and 50 or less,

a coefficient of variation of a root mean square slope R Δ q of a roughness curve of the surface of the glaze layer, specified in JIS B06012001, of 0.04 to 0.1 inclusive using a stylus type surface roughness measuring device in accordance with JIS B06512001, and

the surface of the glaze layer has an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 0.0 to 0.5 [ mu ] m as defined in JIS B06012001 using a stylus-type surface roughness measuring device according to JIS B06512001,

here, the coefficient of variation of R.DELTA.q is a value of standard deviation/mean obtained by measuring R.DELTA.q values at arbitrary 10 points within 50mm X50 mm under measurement conditions of a slope correction having an evaluation length of 0.8mm, a cutoff value λ c of 0.8mm, a cutoff value λ s of 0.0025mm, a Gaussian filter as a filter type, and a cross-sectional curve correction as a whole, calculating the mean value and the standard deviation thereof,

the Ra is an average value of Ra values at 5 points within 50mm × 50mm, which is determined under measurement conditions of a slope correction in which the evaluation length is 15mm, the cutoff value λ s is 1mm, the cutoff value λ c is 3mm, the filter type is a gaussian filter, and the correction of the cross-sectional curve is overall.

2. The article of claim 1, wherein,

the arithmetic average roughness Ra is 0.0 μm or more and 0.3 μm or less.

3. The article of claim 1 or 2,

the area ratio of the bubbles on the surface is 0.0% or more and less than 2.0%.

4. The article of claim 3, wherein,

rz and Rsk specified in JIS B06012001 of the surface are 1.4 μm. ltoreq. Rz < 2.4 μm and-1.1 < Rsk < 0.2 as measured under the conditions specified in JIS B06332001.

5. A method of manufacturing an article according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the method comprising:

an article having a glaze layer is prepared, and the surface of the glaze layer is treated by wet blasting.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to an article having a glaze layer with a matte-tone surface, and more particularly to an article having a glaze layer with a matte-tone surface having excellent texture and a matte-tone surface giving a good texture to a user visually or tactually.

Background

Articles having a glaze layer on the surface thereof, such as sanitary ware, generally have a texture in which a high-class feeling and a clean feeling are associated with a glossy and bright color tone. In contrast, matte-tone products having no gloss, as opposed to a bright tone, are increasingly gaining popularity. This is because the use of the matte color tone improves the appearance (design) of the product, and also makes it possible to expand the change in design commensurate with the texture of wall surfaces and appliances in the same space.

Jp 2012-46364 a (patent document 1) discloses a technique of depositing crystal particles during firing of a glaze material to form a matte-tone surface. It is considered that both antifouling property and matte color tone can be achieved by using a surface having specific physical properties.

Further, japanese patent application laid-open No. 2018-104272 (patent document 2) describes a technique of obtaining a surface having a matte tone and antifouling property by blasting a glazed surface.

The surface of a conventional glaze layer having a matte color including these is still further improved, and a glaze layer having a matte color excellent in texture is desired.

Documents of the prior art

Patent document

Patent document 1: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 2012-46364

Patent document 2: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2018-104272

Disclosure of Invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

The inventors and the like found that: the surface of the glaze layer having specific surface properties is a base of a matte color tone having excellent texture, and further, a matte color tone giving a good texture to a user visually or tactually.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an article having a glaze layer with a matte-tone surface having excellent texture.

Further, an article according to the present invention is an article comprising a base material and a glaze layer provided on a surface of the base material, the article having the following properties: the surface of the glaze layer has a 60 DEG gloss of more than 20 and 50 or less, a coefficient of variation of a root mean square slope (R Delta q) of a roughness curve of the surface of the glaze layer, which is specified by JIS B0601(2001) using a stylus type surface roughness measuring device according to JIS B0651(2001), is 0.04 or more and 0.1 or less, and an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of the surface of the glaze layer, which is specified by JIS B0601(2001), using a stylus type surface roughness measuring device according to JIS B0651(2001), is 0.0 μm or more and 0.5 μm or less (here, the coefficient of variation of R Delta q is set as a measurement condition that an evaluation length is 0.8mm, a cutoff value lambda c is 0.8mm, a cutoff value lambda s is 0.0025mm, a filter type is a Gaussian filter, a correction of a cross-sectional curve is a slope correction (as a whole), and a value of R Delta q at any 10 within 50mm x 50mm is measured, the average value and the standard deviation thereof were calculated, and a value of standard deviation/average value was obtained by calculating the average value of Ra values at any 5 points within 50mm × 50mm under measurement conditions of an evaluation length of 15mm, a cutoff value λ s of 1mm, a cutoff value λ c of 3mm, a filter type of gaussian filter, and a cross-sectional curve correction of slope correction (as a whole).

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an article of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an article of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a photograph of the surface of the glaze layer of sanitary ware as an example of the article of the present invention, which is observed by a laser microscope.

Detailed Description

Definition of

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an article of the present invention. In the present invention, the "article having a glaze layer" refers to the article 100 having the glaze layer 10 on the surface 80a of the base 80 as shown in fig. 1, and is not particularly limited as long as the basic structure is provided, and is preferably an enamel product or a pottery having a glaze layer, and more preferably a pottery. Among the ceramics, sanitary ware is more preferable. In the present invention, the substrate 80 is preferably made of an inorganic material, and more preferably made of metal, glass, cement, a ceramic material, or the like. Specific examples of the articles include ceramic products used around toilets and toilets, and preferable examples include a face washer for a commode, a hand washer, a toilet bowl, a urinal, a filter for a toilet stool, a toilet tank, and the like.

Surface texture

In the properties of the surface of the glaze layer provided in the article of the present invention, first, the surface of the glaze layer has a 60 ° gloss of more than 20 and 50 or less. The following properties were also provided. Namely, it is set as: the coefficient of variation of the root mean square slope (R Δ q) of the roughness curve is 0.04 or more and 0.1 or less as specified in JIS B0601(2001) using a stylus type surface roughness measurement device according to JIS B0651(2001), and the arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) is 0.0 μm or more and 0.5 μm or less as specified in JIS B0601(2001) using a stylus type surface roughness measurement device according to JIS B0651 (2001). More preferably, it is set to: the coefficient of variation of the root-mean-square slope (R Δ q) of the roughness curve is 0.04 to 0.12 inclusive, and the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) is 0.0 to 0.3 μm inclusive. It is further preferably set to: the coefficient of variation of the root-mean-square slope (R Δ q) of the roughness curve is 0.04 to 0.09, and the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) is 0.0 to 0.2 μm. Particularly preferably, it is set as: the coefficient of variation of the root-mean-square slope (R Δ q) of the roughness curve is 0.04 to 0.07 inclusive, and the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) is 0.0 to 0.17 μm inclusive.

Here, as described above, "R.DELTA.q" and "Ra" are defined in accordance with JIS B0601(2001), and the measurement conditions are as follows.

The measurement conditions for R Δ q were: the evaluation length was 0.8mm, the cutoff value λ c was 0.8mm, the cutoff value λ s was 0.0025mm, the filter type was a Gaussian filter (Gaussian), and the correction of the cross-sectional curve was a slope correction (whole).

Then, the R.DELTA.q values at any 10 points within 50mm X50 mm were measured, and the mean value and the standard deviation thereof were calculated to determine the standard deviation/mean value. This is referred to as "coefficient of variation of R Δ q".

Further, as measurement conditions of "Ra", it is assumed that: the evaluation length was 15mm, the cutoff value λ s was 1mm, the cutoff value λ c was 3mm, the filter type was a gaussian filter, and the correction of the cross-sectional curve was slope correction (whole).

Then, the Ra value at any 5 points within 50mm × 50mm was measured, and the average value was determined and defined as "Ra".

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the "Ra" is preferably 0.0 to 0.3. mu.m.

The surface of the glaze layer having the above properties of the present invention is a base of a matte color tone excellent in texture. This texture is a quality such that a person feels soft and warm when seeing it and feels wet. In addition, the touch feeling is also improved. That is, according to the present invention, a glaze layer surface of a matte color tone which gives a user a good texture visually or tactually can be realized. Such a texture is evaluated by a so-called sensory test in examples described later, which is an evaluation that focuses on the user's feeling. The present inventors confirmed by the sensory test that: the matte-tone surface realized by the present invention is more perceptible by human vision and touch as a surface that is significantly different from the previous matte-tone surfaces.

The surface of the enamel layer of the present invention is specified by the above-mentioned properties, and if the meaning of these numerical values is described narratively, it can be described that: the surface with the above properties has fine texture with improved uniformity, in which the unevenness of the microscopic uneven shape is reduced and the undulation of the macroscopic surface is reduced within a range of a predetermined glossiness. Thus, it can be explained that: the degree of diffusion of light, i.e., the degree of spreading of light, becomes large. However, the present inventors have considered that it is difficult to directly derive the operational effect of such a controlled surface as a surface of high quality that feels soft and warm and feels wet when viewed by humans, and the operational effect is unexpected, based on the numerical values representing the above-mentioned characteristics and the descriptive description.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the amount of bubbles in the enamel layer of the article of the present invention is controlled. In the step of producing the enamel layer, bubbles are contained in the enamel layer. The amount of bubbles in the glaze layer can be controlled by adjusting the composition of the glaze layer, firing conditions, and the like, which will be described later. This makes it easier to control the shape, particularly the uneven shape, of the surface of the enamel layer.

Fig. 2 (a) and 2 (b) are schematic cross-sectional views illustrating a scheme in which bubbles are contained in the enamel layer of the article of the present invention. In this embodiment, the glaze layer 10 provided in the article 101 and the article 102 has a first portion 11 on the substrate surface 80a side and a second portion 12 on the glaze layer surface 10a side. The first portion 11 contains bubbles 50, the amount of the bubbles 50 being set to a first amount (> 0). The second portion 12 does not contain air bubbles or, if contained, is set to a smaller amount than the first amount. Fig. 2 (a) shows a case where the second portion 12 does not contain bubbles, and fig. 2 (b) shows a case where the second portion 12 contains bubbles but the amount thereof is set to be smaller than the first amount contained in the first region 11.

In this aspect of the present invention, when the surface of the enamel layer is measured under predetermined conditions, the ratio of the area of the bubbles having a diameter of20 μm or less (equivalent circle diameter) to the area of the surface (i.e., the bubble area ratio) is preferably 0.0% or more and less than 2.0%, and more preferably 0.0% or more and 1.8% or less. By setting the range as described above, there is an advantage that the cleaning performance can be prevented from being lowered by the dirt entering the inside of the air bubbles.

The measurement conditions of bubbles exposed on the surface of the glaze layer are as follows. Bubbles existing on the surface of the enamel layer are imaged by a laser microscope (for example, LEXT OLS-4500, manufactured by olapus). The observation magnification was 430 times and the size of the observation region for each sample was 2mm × 2mm or more under the observation conditions of the microscope. At this time, the brightness and contrast are adjusted so that the bubbles on the surface are most clearly visible. For the captured image, the bubble area ratio was calculated using image processing software "WinROOF 2015" (manufactured by sango). First, a photograph taken with a laser microscope is taken into the software, and subjected to monochrome image processing to perform binarization processing. The setting of the threshold value of the binarization processing is appropriately adjusted so that a desired bubble is selected. In order to improve the analysis accuracy of the bubble area ratio, it is possible to perform a process of selecting all the portions considered to be bubbles, such as "filling process", as appropriate. Then, the equivalent circle diameter and the area ratio are calculated by processing the shape characteristic length. Finally, the sum of the area ratios of the bubbles having an equivalent circle diameter of20 μm or more was determined as the bubble area ratio.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the glaze layer provided on the sanitary ware of the present invention preferably has a surface Rz and Rsk specified in JIS B0601(2001) of 1.4 μm-Rz < 2.4 μm and-1.1 < Rsk < 0.2, more preferably 1.5 μm-Rz < 2.4 μm and-1.0 < Rsk < 0.1, as measured under the conditions specified in JIS B0633 (2001).

The surface of the glaze layer having the above properties in a preferred embodiment of the present invention has a matte color tone and is excellent in cleanability. According to the findings obtained by the present inventors, regarding the unevenness of the glaze layer on the surface for realizing the matte tone, the stain release property is not so reduced on the surface of the bright tone having a glossiness of more than 80, but when the glossiness is reduced to less than 50, the matte tone appearance is exhibited, but the stain release property tends to be deteriorated. There is a fear that dirt enters the uneven shape, removal becomes difficult, or a high cleaning load must be applied for removal. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it was found that: even in the case of the surface of the enamel layer having a low gloss of less than 50, a high cleanability, i.e., easy removal of dirt even if the dirt is adhered, can be obtained by setting Rz and Rsk of the surface to be in the predetermined ranges as described above. In this embodiment, the degree of cleanability is not inferior to a surface having a bright color tone such as a glossiness of more than 80.

Composition of enamel layer

According to the present invention, a matte-tone surface having the above-described properties can be realized on various glaze layers, that is, on a glaze layer which is generally understood as a glaze layer by those skilled in the art. In the present invention, a glaze layer having a composition that is generally understood by those skilled in the art as a glaze layer can be used as long as the above-described properties can be realized on the surface of the glaze layer.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composition of the glaze layer includes the compositions described in the following table in terms of oxides.

[ Table 1]

Chemical formula (II)	Composition range (wt%)
		SiO2	50～85
Al2O3	5～25
		CaO	0～25
MgO	0～25
		K2O	0～5
Na2O	0～5

Further, according to another embodiment of the present invention, Fe may be contained in addition to the components in the above table₂O₃、ZrO、ZnO、TiO₂、BaO、B₂O₃、Li₂O、Sb₂O₃、CuO、MnO、NiO、CoO、MoO₃、SnO₂PbO, etc.

Manufacture of articles

The article of the present invention is produced by forming a glaze layer on a base material and further processing the surface of the glaze layer to have the above-described surface properties.

In the present invention, the material of the glaze for forming the glaze layer is not particularly limited as long as the composition of the glaze layer can be achieved, and as the material of the glaze, a mixture of natural mineral particles such as silica sand, feldspar and limestone, a pigment such as a cobalt compound and an iron compound, an opacifying agent such as zirconium silicate and tin oxide, and the like are generally used. The glaze layer can be obtained by melting the glaze raw material at a high temperature and then quenching the molten material to vitrify the material. Preferred compositions of the glaze of the present invention are, for example: 10 to 30 weight percent of feldspar, 15 to 40 weight percent of silica sand, 10 to 25 weight percent of calcium carbonate, less than 10 weight percent of corundum, talc, dolomite and zinc white respectively, and less than 15 weight percent of opacifier and pigment in total. The above glaze is applied to a substrate, and then dried and fired to obtain an article. The firing temperature is preferably 1000 ℃ or higher and 1300 ℃ or lower at which the glaze softens.

In the present invention, the above-described surface properties of the glaze layer are preferably realized by wet blasting. The wet blasting is a method of forming a desired surface state by simultaneously spraying a mixture of water, an abrasive material, and compressed air on the surface of the glaze layer to cut the surface. The matte-tone surface of the present invention can be obtained by appropriately selecting the kind of the abrasive, the average particle diameter, the supply pressure of compressed air, the throw distance, the throw angle, the throw time, and the like. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, non-spherical alumina particles are used as the abrasive, and it is preferable to use alumina particles having a particle diameter in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm.

[ examples ]

Examples 1 to 4, example 23 (example) and example 22 (comparative example)

Sanitary ware (white # NW1, manufactured by TOTO corporation) was prepared, and the planar portion was cut into about 10cm square to obtain an evaluation sample. The enamel layer of this sample consists of a layer of glass mixed with pigments.

The surface of the glaze layer of the substrate was treated with a commercially available wet blasting apparatus. Non-spherical alumina particles were used as the abrasive, the particle size of the abrasive was selected from the range of 1 to 100 μm, and the pressure of compressed air supply, the throw-in distance, the throw-in angle, and the throw-in time were appropriately selected for treatment. The five samples thus obtained were set as examples 1 to 4, example 22 and example 23.

Examples 5 to 10 (comparative examples)

Commercially available matte-tone sanitary wares as shown in the following table were obtained, and the flat surface portions thereof were cut at a square of about 5 to 10cm, to obtain sample examples 5 to 10.

[ Table 2]

Examples of the present invention	Name of manufacturer	Color product numbering
			5	Company A	Matte white (Matt white)
6	Company B	White matt (White matt)
			7	C Corp Ltd	Matte silk White (White satin matt)
8	Company D	Milky white (Milky white)
			9	Company E	Matte white (Matt white)
10	Company F	Matte Silk white (Silk matt white)

Examples 11 to 21 (comparative examples)

2kg of natural mineral particles, 1kg of water and 4kg of ball stones were placed in a pottery pot having a capacity of 6 liters, and the pot was ground by a ball mill for about 24 hours to obtain a glaze slurry. Subsequently, a plate-shaped test piece of 70X 70mm was prepared from a sanitary pottery blank slurry prepared from silica sand, feldspar, clay, etc. The plate-like test piece was coated with a glaze material to a thickness of 0.5mm by spray coating using a Wet spraying method (Wet blowing method), then fired at 1100 to 1200 ℃, and the time for lowering the temperature from the firing temperature to room temperature was appropriately adjusted to obtain samples of examples 11 to 21. The compositions of the glaze layers of examples 11 to 22 are shown in table 3.

[ Table 3]

Composition converted to oxide (wt%)

Examples of the present invention	SiO2	Al2O3	CaO	MgO	ZnO	K2O	Na2O
								11～14	64.4	8.7	12.7	7.1	4.1	2.3	0.7
15～21	65.7	8.1	12.2	7.2	3.8	2.3	0.7

Determination of surface Properties

(1) Coefficient of variation of root mean square slope (R Δ q) of roughness curve

For the samples of examples 1 to 23, the coefficient of variation of the root mean square slope (R.DELTA.q) of the roughness curve was calculated according to the definition and representation of JIS B0601(2001) using a stylus type surface roughness measuring instrument (SV-3200, manufactured by Sanfeng corporation) in accordance with JIS B0651 (2001). The measurement conditions were: the evaluation length was 0.8mm, the cutoff λ c was 0.8mm, λ s was 0.0025mm, the filter type was a gaussian filter, and the correction of the cross-sectional curve was slope correction (whole). The R Δ q values at 10 points in 50mm × 50mm were measured, and the mean value and standard deviation thereof were calculated, and the coefficient of variation (standard deviation/mean value) was calculated therefrom. The results are shown in the following table.

(2) Arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of roughness curve

The arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of the roughness curve was calculated using a stylus type surface roughness measuring instrument (SV-3200 manufactured by Sanfeng corporation) according to JIS B0651(2001) for the samples of examples 1 to 23, according to the definition and representation of JIS B0601 (2001). The measurement conditions were: the evaluation length was 15mm, the cutoff value λ s was 1mm, the cutoff value λ c was 3mm, the filter type was a gaussian filter, and the correction of the cross-sectional curve was slope correction (whole). A total of 5 Ra values within 50 mm. times.50 mm were measured, and their average value was calculated. The results are shown in the following table.

(3) Measurement of surface Properties (Rsk, Rz, RSm, Rc)

For the samples of examples 1 to 23, the surface roughness parameters (Rsk, Rz, RSm, Rc) were calculated according to the definition and expression of JIS B0601(2001) using a stylus type surface roughness measuring device (SV-3200, manufactured by sanfeng corporation) according to JIS B0651 (2001). The measurement conditions were set to an evaluation length of 4mm, a cutoff value λ c of 0.8mm, a λ s of 0.0025mm, a filter type of gaussian filter, and a correction for a slope correction (as a whole) according to the regulations of JIS B0633(2001), and line roughness was measured at 10 points in total within 50mm × 50mm, and the average value thereof was used as a value of a roughness parameter of the sample. The results are shown in the following table.

(4) Measurement of gloss

The samples of examples 1 to 23 were measured for 60 ℃ gloss by a gloss meter (GM-268 plus manufactured by Konika Meinenda) in accordance with JIS Z8741. The results are shown in the following table.

(5) Measurement of bubbles exposed to surface

Bubbles present on the surface of the enamel layer were photographed using a laser microscope (LEXT OLS-4500, manufactured by olapus). The laser microscope used for the measurement had the following configuration. The observation magnification was 430 times and the size of the observation region for each sample was 2mm × 2mm or more under the observation conditions of the laser microscope. At this time, the brightness and contrast are adjusted so that the bubbles on the surface are most clearly visible. As an example, fig. 3 shows a photograph of the glaze layer of example 23 taken with a laser microscope.

Laser microscope

The device comprises the following steps: OLS 4500.

Product version: 1.1.8.

light source: a 405nm semiconductor laser.

The detection system comprises: a photomultiplier tube.

An objective lens: OLYMPUS MPlan APO N50X/0.95 LEXT.

For the captured image, the bubble area ratio was calculated using image processing software "WinROOF 2015" (manufactured by sango). First, a photograph taken with a laser microscope is taken into the software, and subjected to monochrome image processing to perform binarization processing. The setting of the threshold value for the binarization process is appropriately adjusted so that bubbles having a diameter of about 10 μm or more are selected. Then, the equivalent circle diameter and the area ratio are calculated by the shape characteristic length processing, and the sum of the area ratios of the bubbles having an equivalent circle diameter of20 μm or more is obtained as the bubble area ratio.

The obtained results are shown in table 4 described later.

(6) Evaluation of cleaning Property against oily dirt

The cleanability of the surfaces of 1 to 23 with respect to the oily solid substance was evaluated by the following method. The color difference meter uses SPECTROPHOTOMETER CM-2600 d (manufactured by Konika MENUA). The measurement conditions were set using the table color system: l < a > b < b >, mask/gloss: S/I + E, UV settings: UV 100%, light source: d65, field of view: 10 degrees, showing: the absolute value of the chromatic aberration is used, and the a-fold value shown by the average value of three measurements of the same position in SCI containing the specularly reflected light is used.

(a) And (4) measuring the a of the surface of the sample by a color difference meter, and setting the value as a 0. In the measurement of a, including the following, a white mask having a width of 5mm is covered on the line to prevent measurement variations due to bleeding.

(b) A3 mm wide line was drawn on the sample using a red CRAY-PAS (registered trade name), and a on the line was measured using a color difference meter and its value was designated as a 1.

(c) A commercially available TOILET cleaning sheet (trade name: TOILET QUICKLE, manufactured by KANG, K.K.; QUICKLE is a registered trademark of KANG, K.K.) was applied at an applied rate of 25g/cm in a direction perpendicular to the line²Under the load of (3), the wiping was repeated 30 times.

(d) The on-line color of CRAY-PAS of the slipped sample was measured by a color difference meter and the value was a2 ANGSTROM.

(e) The detergency was calculated from the following formula.

Stain-removing (%) (a1 ANG-a 2 ANG)/(a 1 ANG-a 0 ANG)

The obtained results are shown in the following table.

Sensory evaluation of visual texture of matte-tone surface

The texture of the appearance of examples 1 to 23 was evaluated organoleptically by the following method.

(1) Preliminary test

In order to evaluate the texture of the matte member, an attempt was made to extract a keyword that represents an abstract concept of "equal quality" with respect to the matte member, thereby governing more specific texture thereof. As keywords, 12 words of "rough", "smooth", "glossy", "soft", "durable", "cool", "warm", "light", "heavy", "natural", "clean", "stylish" are selected. Further, for a total of 13 words to which the keyword of "equal quality" was added, commercially available white matte color tone materials (11 types) were prepared, and each word was scored by 1 to 5 points. As a result, the keyword "soft" has the highest correlation with "equal quality".

(2) Sensory test

As a specific keyword for evaluating "equal quality degree" of matte material, "soft" was used as an index, and sensory evaluation for evaluating "equal quality degree" of various matte-tone sanitary wares was performed. Specifically, the procedure is as follows. In addition, as panelists (subjects), 10 were selected without preference for age and sex.

1) As the same evaluation samples as in examples 1 to 23, square flat plates having a vertical and horizontal dimension of 50mm were prepared, and a region 5mm wide from the end of the sample was masked with a black tape.

2) Evaluation environment: the measurement was carried out in a texture evaluation chamber (manufactured by GTI Graphic Technology Inc., GTI MiniMatcher (registered trademark) Model: MM-2 e) using a D65 light source.

3) A sample is placed in a texture evaluation chamber, and a texture sensed by a portion where a strong light portion (reflection of light) spreads and a periphery thereof when a light source is moved to a sample surface is evaluated in a state where a sample surface is kept at a distance of 40 to 50cm from an eye of a subject in a state where the subject can hold the sample freely.

The evaluation indexes are the 'high-quality degree' and 'soft', and the evaluation indexes are respectively graded according to 1-5 points. The number of people scored more than 4 points was counted for each sample. The results are shown in the following table.

Sensory evaluation of the feel of matte-tone surfaces

Sensory evaluation of the feel of examples 1 to 23 was performed by the following method.

1) As an evaluation sample, a square flat plate having an aspect dimension of 50mm was prepared. As panelists (subjects), 10 were selected without age and gender preference.

2) The surface of the sample was touched with the finger pad of a finger while the eyes were closed and reciprocated to evaluate "the feeling was good", and the score was 1 to 5. The number of people scored more than 4 points was counted for each sample. The results are shown in the following table.

[ Table 4]