阅读说明：本技术 列车网侧限流控制的方法及装置 (Train network side current limiting control method and device ) 是由 徐绍龙 周杨 阳志雄 郭维 邹东海 易笛 马晓东 魏超 王俊然 黄勇 于 2019-11-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种列车网侧限流控制的方法及装置,所述方法包括：通过调节列车牵引系统的输出功率确定出网侧电流目标值,所述网侧电流目标值使网侧电压值稳定于一预设范围内；以及,根据所述网侧电流目标值对当前采集的网侧电流实际值进行闭环控制,以限制网侧电流。本发明基于列车稳定运行于供电能力有限区段的需求,不依赖于额外的硬件设备,可以实时动态搜索列车网测电流的最大允许值,有效地控制列车的实时网测电流工作在最大允许值范围内,从而保障列车在任意线路稳定、可靠运行。(The invention discloses a method and a device for controlling train network side current limiting, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining a network side current target value by adjusting the output power of a train traction system, wherein the network side current target value enables a network side voltage value to be stabilized within a preset range; and performing closed-loop control on the currently acquired actual value of the network side current according to the target value of the network side current so as to limit the network side current. The invention can dynamically search the maximum allowable value of the train network measuring current in real time based on the requirement of the train stably running in the section with limited power supply capacity without depending on additional hardware equipment, and effectively control the real-time network measuring current of the train to work in the maximum allowable value range, thereby ensuring the stable and reliable running of the train on any line.)

1. A method for controlling train network side current limiting is characterized by comprising the following steps:

determining a network side current target value by adjusting the output power of a train traction system, wherein the network side current target value enables a network side voltage value to be stabilized within a preset range; and the number of the first and second groups,

and performing closed-loop control on the currently acquired actual value of the network side current according to the network side current target value to limit the network side current.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the grid-side current target value by adjusting the output power of the train traction system comprises:

adjusting the output power of a train traction system and detecting the change data of the voltage value on the grid side;

and in response to the network-side voltage value being stable within the preset range, determining a corresponding network-side current value as the network-side current target value.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of closed-loop controlling the currently acquired net-side current actual value according to the net-side current target value comprises:

and adjusting an output power limiting coefficient of the traction system through the deviation of the currently acquired actual value of the grid side current and the target value of the grid side current so as to limit the grid side current which is proportional to the output power of the traction system.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the output power of the traction system comprises an output power of a traction motor;

the output power limiting factor of the traction system comprises a torque given limiting factor of the traction motor.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the step of adjusting the output power limiting factor of the traction system by the deviation of the currently acquired net-side current actual value from the net-side current target value comprises:

responding to the fact that the deviation between the current collected actual value of the network side current and the target value of the network side current is smaller than or equal to the target value of the deviation, and limiting the given torque limiting coefficient of the last operation period in a step length mode to generate an amplitude limiter;

and a smaller value is selected from the output value of the PI regulator and the output value of the limiter as the torque given limit coefficient for output.

6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the train comprises a high speed motor train unit train.

7. A computer readable medium, having stored thereon computer instructions which, when executed by a processor, carry out the steps of the method of train network side current limit control according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The device for controlling the current limit at the network side of the train is characterized by comprising a processor and a memory which is in communication connection with the processor;

the processor is configured to:

determining a network side current target value by adjusting the output power of a train traction system, wherein the network side current target value enables a network side voltage value to be stabilized within a preset range;

and performing closed-loop control on the currently acquired actual value of the network side current according to the network side current target value to limit the network side current.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to:

adjusting the output power of a train traction system and detecting the change data of the voltage value on the grid side;

and in response to the network-side voltage value being stable within the preset range, determining a corresponding network-side current value as the network-side current target value.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to:

and adjusting an output power limiting coefficient of the traction system through the deviation of the currently acquired actual value of the grid side current and the target value of the grid side current so as to limit the grid side current which is proportional to the output power of the traction system.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the output power of the traction system comprises an output power of a traction motor;

the output power limiting factor of the traction system comprises a torque given limiting factor of the traction motor.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:

responding to the fact that the deviation between the current collected actual value of the network side current and the target value of the network side current is smaller than or equal to the target value of the deviation, and limiting the given torque limiting coefficient of the last operation period in a step length mode to generate an amplitude limiter;

and a smaller value is selected from the output value of the PI regulator and the output value of the limiter as the torque given limit coefficient for output.

13. The apparatus of any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the train comprises a high speed motor train unit train.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of train control, in particular to a method and a device for train network side current limiting control.

Background

With the rapid development of high-speed railways in recent years, high-speed motor train units operate in large density and large range all over the country.

However, because the power supply capacity of the substation in the existing old line section is limited, when the train of the motor train unit operates in the old line section, if the output power is too large and the train operation density of the motor train unit is too high, the load of the power supply line is too heavy, overcurrent protection of the substation is caused, the power supply of the train of the motor train unit is interrupted, and the train loses power, so that the operation order of the train of the motor train unit is influenced.

At present, some coping strategies for the defects are adaptive protection strategies which are set to protect a power supply network, but the operation order of a train cannot be guaranteed. Some are indirect control strategies, the current is limited and controlled by controlling voltage, but the visual control effect on the current cannot be guaranteed, and the potential fault hazard exists.

Disclosure of Invention

The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

The invention aims to overcome the defect that the running order of a train cannot be guaranteed due to the hidden danger of current overrun in the prior art, and provides a method and a device for controlling train network side current limiting.

The technical problem is solved by the following technical scheme:

a method of train network side current limit control, comprising:

determining a network side current target value by adjusting the output power of a train traction system, wherein the network side current target value enables a network side voltage value to be stabilized within a preset range; and the number of the first and second groups,

and performing closed-loop control on the currently acquired actual value of the network side current according to the network side current target value to limit the network side current.

Optionally, the step of determining the target grid-side current value by adjusting the output power of the train traction system includes:

adjusting the output power of a train traction system and detecting the change data of the voltage value on the grid side;

and in response to the network-side voltage value being stable within the preset range, determining a corresponding network-side current value as the network-side current target value.

Optionally, the step of performing closed-loop control on the currently acquired grid-side current actual value according to the grid-side current target value includes:

and adjusting an output power limiting coefficient of the traction system through the deviation of the currently acquired actual value of the grid side current and the target value of the grid side current so as to limit the grid side current which is proportional to the output power of the traction system.

Optionally, the output power of the traction system comprises the output power of a traction motor;

the output power limiting factor of the traction system comprises a torque given limiting factor of the traction motor.

Optionally, the step of adjusting the output power limit coefficient of the traction system by the deviation of the currently acquired grid-side current actual value and the grid-side current target value includes:

responding to the fact that the deviation between the current collected actual value of the network side current and the target value of the network side current is smaller than or equal to the target value of the deviation, and limiting the given torque limiting coefficient of the last operation period in a step length mode to generate an amplitude limiter;

a smaller value is selected from an output value of a PI regulator (proportional integral controller) and an output value of the limiter as the torque setting limit coefficient to be outputted.

Optionally, the train comprises a high speed multiple unit train.

A computer readable medium having stored thereon computer instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method of train network side flow restriction control as described above.

The device for controlling the train network side current limit comprises a processor and a memory which is in communication connection with the processor;

the processor is configured to:

determining a network side current target value by adjusting the output power of a train traction system, wherein the network side current target value enables a network side voltage value to be stabilized within a preset range;

and performing closed-loop control on the currently acquired actual value of the network side current according to the network side current target value to limit the network side current.

Optionally, the processor is further configured to:

adjusting the output power of a train traction system and detecting the change data of the voltage value on the grid side;

and in response to the network-side voltage value being stable within the preset range, determining a corresponding network-side current value as the network-side current target value.

Optionally, the processor is further configured to:

and adjusting an output power limiting coefficient of the traction system through the deviation of the currently acquired actual value of the grid side current and the target value of the grid side current so as to limit the grid side current which is proportional to the output power of the traction system.

Optionally, the output power of the traction system comprises the output power of a traction motor;

the output power limiting factor of the traction system comprises a torque given limiting factor of the traction motor.

Optionally, the processor is further configured to:

responding to the fact that the deviation between the current collected actual value of the network side current and the target value of the network side current is smaller than or equal to the target value of the deviation, and limiting the given torque limiting coefficient of the last operation period in a step length mode to generate an amplitude limiter;

and a smaller value is selected from the output value of the PI regulator and the output value of the limiter as the torque given limit coefficient for output.

Optionally, the train comprises a high speed multiple unit train.

On the basis of the common knowledge in the field, the preferred conditions can be combined randomly to obtain the preferred embodiments of the invention.

The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows:

the method and the device for controlling the current limiting of the train network side provided by the invention can dynamically search the maximum allowable value of the train network measuring current in real time based on the requirement of the train stably running in the section with limited power supply capacity without depending on additional hardware equipment, and effectively control the real-time network measuring current of the train to work in the maximum allowable value range, thereby ensuring the stable and reliable running of the train on any line.

Drawings

The features and advantages of the present disclosure will be better understood upon reading the detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure in conjunction with the following drawings. In the drawings, components are not necessarily drawn to scale, and components having similar relative characteristics or features may have the same or similar reference numerals.

Fig. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for controlling a network-side current limit of a train according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a train network-side current limiting control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

step 101;

step 102;

step 103;

step 104;

step 105;

step 106;

step 107;

step 108;

step 109;

a processor 1;

a memory 2.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. It is noted that the aspects described below in connection with the figures and the specific embodiments are only exemplary and should not be construed as imposing any limitation on the scope of the present invention.

The following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention and is incorporated in the context of a particular application. Various modifications, as well as various uses in different applications will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to a wide range of embodiments. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the practice of the invention may not necessarily be limited to these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form, rather than in detail, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Additionally, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "horizontal," "vertical" and the like as used in the following description are to be understood as referring to the segment and the associated drawings in the illustrated orientation. The relative terms are used for convenience of description only and do not imply that the described apparatus should be constructed or operated in a particular orientation and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms, but rather are used to distinguish one element, region, layer and/or section from another element, region, layer and/or section. Thus, a first component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second component, region, layer or section without departing from some embodiments of the present invention.

Due to the fact that the power supply capacity of a substation of an existing old line section is limited, when a high-speed motor train unit train runs in the old line section, if output power is too large and the running density of the motor train unit train is too high, overload of a power supply line (net for short) can be caused, overcurrent protection of a substation is caused, power supply of the motor train unit train is interrupted, the motor train unit train loses power, and the running order of the motor train unit train is affected.

At present, the existing train network side current limiting scheme proposed aiming at the problems generally has the following defects:

1. the advance prediction and inhibition are not achieved, and the train operation order is influenced;

2. extra equipment is needed to protect the over-limit grid current, so that the cost is increased;

3. generally, the current of the network side can be limited by controlling the voltage, the power and the like of the rear end of the load, and the current can not be limited visually, effectively and reliably, so that the potential hazard of current overrun exists.

In order to overcome the above existing drawbacks, the present embodiment provides a method for controlling a train network-side current limit, where the method includes the following steps: determining a network side current target value by adjusting the output power of a train traction system (CI for short), wherein the network side current target value enables a network side voltage value to be stabilized within a preset range; and performing closed-loop control on the currently acquired actual value of the network side current according to the network side current target value to limit the network side current.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the train is a high-speed motor train unit train, but the type of the train is not particularly limited, and the train can be selected and adjusted according to actual needs.

In the embodiment, the closed-loop control is performed through the directly acquired network side current without depending on additional hardware equipment, the real-time limitation control of the network side current is predicted and implemented through online searching and evaluation of the maximum bearing value of the network side current of the power supply line, the network side current is guaranteed to be stably controlled, and the train stably runs within the power supply capacity of the line.

Specifically, as an embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the method mainly includes the following steps:

and step 101, determining a grid-side current target value.

In this step, a target value of the grid-side current is determined by adjusting the output power of the train traction system, and the target value of the grid-side current stabilizes the voltage value of the grid-side within a preset range.

Specifically, in this step, the output power of the train traction system is adjusted, and the variation data of the grid-side voltage value is detected.

In this step, in response to the network-side voltage value being stable within the predetermined range, the corresponding network-side current value is determined as the network-side current target value (network-side current maximum withstand value).

In the running process of a high-speed motor train unit train, the pantograph is used for getting electricity from a power supply line, and a traction system usually collects a network side voltage signal and a network side current signal to control and protect a four-quadrant rectifier.

When the capacity of a power supply line is insufficient, disturbance of network side voltage and network side current can occur in the loading and unloading processes of the high-speed motor train unit train.

When a high-speed motor train unit train is loaded, the grid-side current can be increased along with the increase of the load due to the output power limit of a power supply line, and the grid-side voltage can be continuously reduced when the grid-side current is close to the output power limit value.

When the high-speed motor train unit train carries out load shedding, the grid side current can be reduced along with the reduction of the load, and at the moment, the grid side voltage can continuously rise and tend to be stable.

According to the online observation of the network side voltage, the network side current and the data change of the loading and unloading of the traction system (namely the reference P)_net∝U_net*I_net∝P_CI) When the stage data that the network side current rises and the network side voltage drops are detected, the network side current-limiting control target value of the traction system is continuously searched by repeatedly adjusting the output power of the traction system and observing the change trends of the network side voltage and the network side current, so that the network side voltage is kept stably supplied when the network side voltage is within the target value, and the network voltage and the network current of the power supply line are ensured to be controlled stably.

And 102, collecting an actual value of the current of the network side.

In the step, the current actual value of the network side current is collected in real time and stored.

Step 103, determining whether the actual value is close to the target value, if yes, executing step 105, and if not, executing step 104.

In this step, it is determined whether the currently acquired actual value of the grid-side current is close to the target value of the grid-side current.

That is, step 104 is executed in response to the deviation of the currently acquired net-side current actual value from the net-side current target value being greater than the deviation target value, and step 105 is executed in response to the deviation of the currently acquired net-side current actual value from the net-side current target value being less than or equal to the deviation target value.

In this embodiment, the deviation target value is not particularly limited, and may be set and adjusted according to actual requirements.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the output power limiting coefficient of the traction system is adjusted by the deviation between the currently acquired actual value of the grid-side current and the target value of the grid-side current, so as to limit the grid-side current proportional to the output power of the traction system.

The design is carried out according to the principle that the network side current is in direct proportion to the output power (load power) of the traction system, and the target of limiting the network side current is realized by dynamically adjusting the output power limiting coefficient of the traction system according to the deviation of the actual value of the network side current and the target value of the network side current.

In this embodiment, the output power of the traction system mainly depends on the output power of the traction motor, and therefore, the output power of the traction system mainly includes the output power of the traction motor, and the limit coefficient of the output power of the traction system mainly includes the torque given limit coefficient of the traction motor.

The output power control target of the traction motor is motor characteristic curve torque Tq, the output torque of the motor is regulated according to a torque given limiting coefficient f0 for regulating the motor characteristic curve torque Tq, and the output power of the motor is in direct proportion to the torque and the rotating speed (reference P)_motor∝T_q*f0*V_motor)。

And 104, outputting by the PI regulator.

In the step, in response to that the deviation between the currently acquired actual value of the grid-side current and the target value of the grid-side current is larger than the deviation target value, the PI regulator outputs the current according to the maximum value.

And step 105, limiting the step size of the previous operating period fp.

In this step, in response to the deviation of the currently acquired net side current actual value from the above net side current target value being less than or equal to a deviation target value (reference I)_diff∝Inet-I_target) The torque given limit coefficient fp for the last operation period is subjected to step limitation.

And step 106, outputting by the amplitude limiter.

In this step, step 105 is executed to generate and output a slicer, and the output value of the slicer is set to fl (reference fl ∈ f (fp)).

And step 107, outputting by the PI regulator.

In this step, the PI regulator outputs an output, and the output value of the PI regulator is fm (reference fm ^ f)_diff))。

And step 108, taking a small value out of the two output values.

In this step, the output value fm of the PI regulator and the output value fl of the limiter are reduced (reference f0 ∈ f (fl, fm)).

Step 109, final output f 0.

In this step, a torque set limit coefficient f0, i.e., the smaller value output in step 108, is generated from the output value fm of the PI regulator and the output value fl of the limiter, and is used as the torque set limit coefficient f0 to be output, thereby performing closed-loop control.

In the embodiment, the real-time grid-side current change rate is calculated by comparing the real-time collected grid-side current actual value with the grid-side current target value, and when the real-time grid-side current change rate exceeds the grid-side current rising step limiter, the current torque given limiting coefficient f0 and the torque given rising step are reset, so that the real-time grid-side current is ensured to be smoothly transited to the control target value.

As another example, grid side current limit control may also be achieved by traction converter rectifier input current as a control target.

The present embodiment also provides a computer readable medium, on which computer instructions are stored, which when executed by a processor implement the steps of the method of train network side throttling control as described above.

The method for controlling the train network side current limiting provided by the embodiment has the following beneficial effects:

1. extra hardware cost is not needed, so that the cost is effectively saved;

2. by searching and evaluating the maximum bearing value of the network side current of the power supply line on line, predicting and implementing real-time limitation control of the network side current, the network side current is ensured to be stably controlled, and the train stably runs within the power supply capacity of the line;

3. the method can be popularized and applied to all application scenes with current limiting requirements.

In order to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks, the present embodiment further provides a device for train network side current limiting control, where the device utilizes the above-mentioned method for train network side current limiting control.

As shown in fig. 2, the apparatus mainly includes a processor 1 and a memory 2 communicatively connected to the processor 1, and the memory 2 is configured to store programs and data executed by the processor 1.

The processor 1 is configured to: determining a network side current target value by adjusting the output power of a train traction system, wherein the network side current target value enables a network side voltage value to be stabilized within a preset range; and performing closed-loop control on the currently acquired actual value of the network side current according to the network side current target value to limit the network side current.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the train is a high-speed motor train unit train, but the type of the train is not particularly limited, and the train can be selected and adjusted according to actual needs.

In the embodiment, the closed-loop control is performed through the directly acquired network side current without depending on additional hardware equipment, the real-time limitation control of the network side current is predicted and implemented through online searching and evaluation of the maximum bearing value of the network side current of the power supply line, the network side current is guaranteed to be stably controlled, and the train stably runs within the power supply capacity of the line.

Specifically, as an embodiment, the processor 1 is configured to determine a grid-side current target value by adjusting the output power of the train traction system, wherein the grid-side current target value stabilizes the grid-side voltage value within a preset range.

In particular, the processor 1 is configured to regulate the output power of the train traction system and to detect the variation data of the grid side voltage values mentioned above.

The processor 1 is further configured to determine a corresponding grid-side current value as the grid-side current target value in response to the grid-side voltage value stabilizing within the preset range.

In the running process of a high-speed motor train unit train, the pantograph is used for getting electricity from a power supply line, and a traction system usually collects a network side voltage signal and a network side current signal to control and protect a four-quadrant rectifier.

When the capacity of a power supply line is insufficient, disturbance of network side voltage and network side current can occur in the loading and unloading processes of the high-speed motor train unit train.

When a high-speed motor train unit train is loaded, the grid-side current can be increased along with the increase of the load due to the output power limit of a power supply line, and the grid-side voltage can be continuously reduced when the grid-side current is close to the output power limit value.

When the high-speed motor train unit train carries out load shedding, the grid side current can be reduced along with the reduction of the load, and at the moment, the grid side voltage can continuously rise and tend to be stable.

According to online observation of the network side voltage, the network side current and data changes of loading and unloading of the traction system, when stage data that the network side voltage is reduced due to the fact that the network side current is increased are detected, the network side current limiting control target value of the traction system is continuously searched by repeatedly adjusting the output power of the traction system and observing the change trends of the network side voltage and the network side current, so that stable power supply is maintained when the network side voltage is within the target value, and therefore the network voltage and the network current of the power supply line are stably controlled.

The processor 1 is further configured to receive and store the currently acquired net side current actual value in real time.

The processor 1 is further configured to control the PI regulator to output at a maximum value in response to a deviation of a currently acquired net-side current actual value from the net-side current target value being greater than a deviation target value.

The processor 1 is further configured to perform step limitation on the torque given limitation coefficient fp of the previous operation period to generate and output a limiter, in response to the deviation of the currently acquired net-side current actual value from the net-side current target value being smaller than or equal to the deviation target value, with the output value of the limiter set to fl.

In this embodiment, the deviation target value is not particularly limited, and may be set and adjusted according to actual requirements.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the processor 1 is further configured to adjust the output power limiting coefficient of the traction system by a deviation between the currently acquired grid-side current actual value and the grid-side current target value, so as to limit the grid-side current proportional to the output power of the traction system.

The design is carried out according to the principle that the network side current is in direct proportion to the output power of the traction system, and the output power limiting coefficient of the traction system is dynamically adjusted through the deviation of the actual value of the network side current and the target value of the network side current, so that the aim of limiting the network side current is fulfilled.

In this embodiment, the output power of the traction system mainly depends on the output power of the traction motor, and therefore, the output power of the traction system mainly includes the output power of the traction motor, and the limit coefficient of the output power of the traction system mainly includes the torque given limit coefficient of the traction motor.

The output power control target of the traction motor is motor characteristic curve torque Tq, a limit coefficient f0 is given according to the torque of the adjusted motor characteristic curve torque Tq, the output torque of the motor is adjusted, and the output power of the motor is in direct proportion to the torque and the rotating speed.

The processor 1 is also configured to generate the torque given limit coefficient f0 from the output value fm of the PI regulator and the output value fl of the limiter, that is, to reduce the output value fm of the PI regulator and the output value fl of the limiter as the above-mentioned torque given limit coefficient f0 to be output, for closed-loop control.

In this embodiment, the processor 1 is further configured to compare the real-time network-side current actual value with the network-side current target value, calculate a real-time network-side current change rate, and reset the current torque given limiting coefficient f0 and the torque given increasing step when the real-time network-side current increasing step limiter is exceeded, so as to ensure that the real-time network-side current smoothly transitions to the control target value.

The device of train net side current-limiting control that this embodiment provided has following beneficial effect:

1. extra hardware cost is not needed, so that the cost is effectively saved;

2. by searching and evaluating the maximum bearing value of the network side current of the power supply line on line, predicting and implementing real-time limitation control of the network side current, the network side current is ensured to be stably controlled, and the train stably runs within the power supply capacity of the line;

3. the method can be popularized and applied to all application scenes with current limiting requirements.

The various illustrative logical modules, and circuits described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal. In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.

In one or more exemplary embodiments, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software as a computer program product, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a web site, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk (disk) and disc (disc), as used herein, includes Compact Disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, Digital Versatile Disc (DVD), floppy disk and blu-ray disc where disks (disks) usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs (discs) reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the methodologies are shown and described as a series of acts, it is to be understood and appreciated that the methodologies are not limited by the order of acts, as some acts may, in accordance with one or more embodiments, occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein or not shown and described herein, as would be understood by one skilled in the art.

The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.