阅读说明：本技术 一种经济环保蛤粉炒药材苦杏仁的新炮制方法 (Novel economic and environment-friendly processing method of clam powder fried medicinal material bitter almonds ) 是由 杨成俊 鲍凤香 于 2021-02-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种经济环保蛤粉炒药材苦杏仁的新炮制方法,其特征在于：步骤1：蛤粉处理：取蛤壳适量,置马弗炉700-800℃烧煅30min后取出,放凉,粉碎,过筛,用80-120目的颗粒粉；步骤2：在中药饮片电脑炒药机中投入步骤1中的蛤粉,加热,转速10-30转/min,蛤粉翻动较滑利,温度达到并控制在100-140℃,再投入药材苦杏仁,炒制2.5-3.5min,立即出料,过筛,吹冷,手搓,风选去皮,即得。(The invention discloses a novel processing method of economic and environment-friendly clam powder fried medicinal bitter almonds, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step 1: treating clam meal: taking a proper amount of clam shells, putting the clam shells in a muffle furnace for calcining at the temperature of 700-; step 2: adding the clam powder obtained in the step 1 into a computer herbal medicine frying machine for traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces, heating at the rotation speed of 10-30 r/min, smoothly turning the clam powder, controlling the temperature to be 100-.)

1. A novel economic and environment-friendly processing method of medicinal bitter almonds fried by clam meal is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

step 1: treating clam meal:

taking a proper amount of clam shells, putting the clam shells in a muffle furnace for calcining at the temperature of 700-;

step 2: adding the clam powder obtained in the step 1 into a computer herbal medicine frying machine, heating at a rotation speed of 10-30 r/min, freely rolling the clam powder, controlling the temperature to be 100-.

2. The new processing method of the economic and environment-friendly clam powder fried medicinal bitter almonds according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and (3) replacing the computer herbal pieces decocting machine in the step (2) with a pan for stir-frying.

3. The new processing method of the economic and environment-friendly clam powder fried medicinal bitter almonds according to claim 2, is characterized in that: at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 140 ℃, the frying speed is uniform, slight popping occurs in the frying process, the seed coat is cracked and falls off, the surface of the kernel is light yellow to yellow, and the frying time is 2.5-3.5 min.

4. The new processing method of the economic and environment-friendly clam powder fried medicinal bitter almonds according to claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: in the step 2, the ratio of the clam powder amount to the bitter almond medicinal material amount is 1: 2.

5. the new processing method of the economic and environment-friendly clam powder fried medicinal bitter almonds according to claim 4, is characterized in that: in the step 2, the amount of the specifically added clam powder is 25kg, and the amount of the added medicinal material bitter apricot seed is 50 kg.

6. The new processing method of the economic and environment-friendly clam powder fried medicinal bitter almonds according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step 1, the clam shells are ground by a grinding boat or are ground into particle powder with 80-120 meshes by a grinder.

7. The new processing method of the economic and environment-friendly clam powder fried medicinal bitter almonds according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the clam shell is specifically a Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus belonging to family MeretridaeMeretrix meretrix L. shell.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of bitter almond processing, and particularly relates to a novel economic and environment-friendly processing method of medicinal bitter almonds fried by clam meal.

Background

The medicinal material semen Armeniacae amarum is Rosaceae plant semen Armeniacae amarumPrunus armeniaca L.var.ansu Maxim Apricot Prunus sibirica L., apricot Prunus mandshurica (Maxim.) KoehneOr apricotPrunus armeniaca L.Drying the mature seeds. Collecting mature fruits in summer, removing pulp and nucleocapsid, taking out seeds, and drying in the sun.

According to the requirements of Chinese pharmacopoeia, the processing method of blanched almond kernel comprises the following steps: taking clean bitter almond, and peeling the clean bitter almond according to a burning method in pharmacopoeia; blanched bitter almond decoction piece character characteristics: the product is in the shape of flat heart, has milky white or yellowish white surface, and is thick, and oil-rich. Has special fragrance and bitter taste.

The processing method of the fried bitter apricot kernels comprises the following steps: taking and scalding bitter almond, and frying the bitter almond to be yellow according to the general rule of pharmacopoeia; the characteristics of the fried bitter almond decoction pieces are as follows: the product is in the form of bitter almond in hot soup, with yellow to brownish yellow surface and slight focal spot. Fragrant and bitter.

The scalding processing technology specifically comprises the following steps: putting the product to be processed into boiling water, turning for a moment, and taking out. Some seed medicinal materials are blanched until the seed coat is shrunk to be stretched and is easy to rub off, the seed coat is fished out, the seed coat is removed in cold water, and the seed coat is dried in the sun.

The bitter apricot kernels processed by the blanching method have the following main problems:

1. boiling water consumption is 5-10 times of the amount of medicinal materials, and the processed water can be discharged after special treatment, otherwise, the environment is polluted;

2. the scalding time in boiling water is short, the activity of amygdalase is not completely killed, the hydrolysis of the active ingredient amygdalaside can be promoted, the soaking and cooling time is long, and the amygdalaside is easy to dissolve in water to cause loss;

3. scalding in boiling water, taking out, cooling, and removing seed coat of semen Armeniacae amarum;

4. the amygdalin is easy to dissolve in water and cause loss due to untimely drying, the amygdalin loss in the processing operation is serious, and the detection qualified rate is low;

5. the process is many, and speed is slow, and is efficient.

The specific method of the processing technology by the stir-frying method is as follows: taking the product to be fried, putting the product into a frying container, heating the product to a specified degree by slow fire, taking the product out, and cooling the product.

The bitter apricot kernels processed by the stir-frying method have the problems of bland burning method and the following disadvantages:

1. the stir-fried duration is not easy to control, the duration is large, the medicinal materials are easy to coke, and the active ingredient amygdalin is decomposed;

2. the stir-frying frequency is not easy to control, the heating is not uniform, the processed fruit is not good, and the appearance of the decoction pieces has focal spots.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a novel economic and environment-friendly processing method of medicinal material bitter almond fried with clam meal, which belongs to an innovative processing method at present, and the document does not report, so that the method does not have the defects of a processing method of blanched bitter almond and a processing method of fried bitter almond, and achieves the purposes of high content of effective components, economy and environmental protection, small individual content difference and convenient and quick peeling.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a new processing method of economic and environment-friendly clam powder fried medicinal material bitter almonds comprises the following steps:

step 1: treating clam meal:

taking a proper amount of clam shells, putting the clam shells in a muffle furnace for calcining at the temperature of 700-;

step 2: adding the clam powder obtained in the step 1 into a computer herbal medicine frying machine, heating at a rotation speed of 10-30 r/min, freely rolling the clam powder, controlling the temperature to be 100-.

Preferably, the computer herbal pieces decocting machine in step 2 is replaced by frying in a pan.

Preferably, the stir-frying speed is uniform at the temperature of 140 ℃ of 100-.

Preferably, in the step 2, the ratio of the clam powder amount to the bitter almond medicinal material amount is 1: 2.

preferably, the amount of clam powder added in step 2 is 25kg, and the amount of bitter apricot seed added in step 2 is 50 kg.

Preferably, in the step 1, the clam shells are ground by a grinding boat or are ground into 80-120-mesh granular powder by a grinder, so that the situation that the clam powder is difficult to turn or is stuck together, the medicinal materials to be processed cannot be mixed with the clam powder, the medicinal materials are heated unevenly, and the medicinal materials are easy to scorch is prevented.

Preferably, the clam shell is in particular a clam of the family veneridaeMeretrix meretrix The shell of the clam is adopted as the shell of the clam, on one hand, the shell of the clam is also a traditional Chinese medicine and has the functions of clearing heat and reducing phlegm; on the other hand, the powder of the shells is utilized, the heat transfer is relatively slow, and the uniform heating and the inside and outside consistency can be realized.

The technical scheme can obtain the following beneficial effects:

1. the processing auxiliary material clam powder can be repeatedly used, is environment-friendly and has no pollution;

2. the computer herbal medicine frying machine for the traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces is used, so that the temperature and the rotating speed are easy to automatically control, the operation is convenient, the speed is high, and the efficiency is high;

3. the fried bitter apricot kernels have no focal spot in appearance, the loss of the active ingredients of the bitter apricot kernels is low, the content of the bitter apricot kernels is high, and the bitter apricot kernels meet the quality requirements specified by Chinese pharmacopoeia;

4. when the clam powder is used for frying the bitter almonds, the heat clearing and phlegm reducing effects of the clam powder can be utilized, and the synergistic effect on the efficacy of the medicinal bitter almonds is realized;

5. the fried bitter apricot kernels are cooled and only need to be rubbed by hands for several times, and the seed coats are conveniently, quickly and cleanly removed.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:

example 1:

a processing technology of medicinal material clam powder fried bitter apricot kernels comprises the following steps:

adding Chinese medicinal decoction pieces into computer herbal medicine roaster, adding clam powder 25kg, heating at 10 r/min, stirring to 100 deg.C, adding semen Armeniacae amarum 50 kg, parching for 3.5min, immediately discharging, sieving, cooling, kneading, and removing skin by winnowing.

The medicinal material clam powder fried bitter almond decoction piece obtained in the embodiment 1 has complete appearance, good peeling effect, yellow surface and no focal spot.

Example 2:

a processing technology of medicinal material clam powder fried bitter apricot kernels comprises the following steps:

adding Chinese medicinal decoction pieces into computer herbal medicine roaster, adding clam powder 25kg, heating at 20 r/min, stirring to 120 deg.C, adding semen Armeniacae amarum 50 kg, parching for 3min, immediately discharging, sieving, cooling, kneading, and removing skin by air separation.

The medicinal material clam powder fried bitter almond decoction piece obtained in the embodiment 2 has complete appearance, good peeling effect, yellow surface and no focal spot.

Example 3:

a processing technology of medicinal material clam powder fried bitter apricot kernels comprises the following steps:

adding Chinese medicinal decoction pieces into computer herbal medicine roaster, adding clam powder 25kg, heating at 30 r/min, stirring to 140 deg.C, adding semen Armeniacae amarum 50 kg, parching for 2.5min, immediately discharging, sieving, cooling, kneading, and removing skin by air separation.

The medicinal material clam powder fried bitter almond decoction piece obtained in the embodiment 3 has complete appearance, good peeling effect, yellow surface and no focal spot.

Comparative example 1:

a processing technology of scalding bitter almonds in medicinal materials comprises the following steps:

adding 25kg of semen Armeniacae amarum into 80L of cold water, boiling, heating for 4min, and leaching out semen Armeniacae amarum by stainless steel sieve; carrying out showering for 15s by adopting 60L cold water with the temperature of 8 ℃, and then finely selecting and peeling; spreading, immediately feeding into an oven, and drying with hot air at 48 deg.C until the water content is less than 0.5%.

Comparative example 2:

a processing technology of medicinal material stir-fried bitter apricot kernels comprises the following steps:

adopting a computer herbal medicine frying machine for Chinese herbal pieces, taking 5kg of semen Armeniacae amarum in the comparative example 1, heating at a rotation speed of 20 r/min, controlling the temperature at 100 deg.C, frying for 1.5min, immediately discharging, and cooling by blowing.

Comparative example 3:

a processing technology of scalding bitter almonds in medicinal materials comprises the following steps:

heating 25kg of bitter almond in 100L of boiling water in a heating kettle, and presetting a stainless steel sieve in the heating kettle; heating for 5min, and leaching semen Armeniacae amarum via stainless steel sieve; carrying out showering for 15s by adopting 60L cold water with the temperature of 8 ℃, and then finely selecting and peeling; spreading for 6 hr, and hot air drying in oven at 45 deg.C until the water content is less than 0.5%.

Comparative example 4:

a processing technology of medicinal material stir-fried bitter apricot kernels comprises the following steps:

adopting a computer herbal medicine frying machine for Chinese herbal pieces, taking 5kg of semen Armeniacae amarum in the comparative example 3, heating at the rotation speed of 20 r/min, controlling the temperature at 100 deg.C, frying for 1.5min, immediately discharging, and cooling by blowing.

Comparative example 5:

a processing technology of scalding bitter almonds in medicinal materials comprises the following steps:

adding 25kg of semen Armeniacae amarum into a heating kettle with 100L of boiling water, and heating for 4 min; taking out semen Armeniacae amarum in batches within 1.5 min; soaking in 80L cold water of 8 deg.C for 3min, and finely selecting and peeling; spreading, immediately feeding into an oven, and hot air drying at 50 deg.C until the water content is less than 0.5%.

Comparative example 6:

a processing technology of medicinal material stir-fried bitter apricot kernels comprises the following steps:

adopting a computer herbal medicine frying machine for Chinese herbal pieces, taking 5kg of semen Armeniacae amarum in the comparative example 5, heating at a rotation speed of 20 r/min, controlling the temperature at 100 deg.C, frying for 1.5min, immediately discharging, and cooling by blowing.

Performance detection and Effect evaluation

Comparative example 1, comparative example 3 and comparative example 5 are methods for processing bitter almonds by a burning method, comparative example 2, comparative example 4 and comparative example 6 are methods for processing bitter almonds by a stir-frying method, and examples 1 to 3 are novel methods for stir-frying bitter almonds by clam meal, decoction pieces prepared from the bitter almonds dried in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 6 are taken, and the content of amygdalin is detected by adopting a high performance liquid chromatography recorded in 2020 edition of Chinese pharmacopoeia. The results are shown in the following table:

	example 1	Example 2	Example 3
				Amygdalin content (%)	3.15	3.21	3.09
	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 3	Comparative example 5
				Amygdalin content (%)	2.78	1.94	2.37
	Comparative example 2	Comparative example 4	Comparative example 6
				Amygdalin content (%)	2.73	1.89	2.31

As can be seen from the comparison in the table above, the content of the obtained clam meal fried amygdalin decoction pieces is obviously higher than that of the comparative example, and the method can reserve the content of amygdalin to a greater extent, reduce the decomposition of the active ingredient amygdalin and reduce the loss of the amygdalin.

The clam shell has the efficacies of clearing heat, eliminating phlegm, promoting diuresis and softening hard masses, and the bitter apricot seed has the main functions of depressing qi, relieving cough and asthma and relaxing bowel. Can be used for treating cough, asthma, chest fullness, excessive phlegm, blood deficiency, dry body fluid, and constipation due to intestinal dryness, has synergistic effect on the effects of semen Armeniacae amarum, and has effects of clearing heat and eliminating phlegm.

Compared with the traditional burning method for processing bitter almonds, the novel method for frying bitter almonds by clam meal of the invention has the advantages that:

the problem of the traditional scalding method for processing the bitter almond is that a large amount of hot water is needed, the water consumption of the scalding method is 5-10 times of the amount of medicinal materials, the problem of environmental pollution is caused by emission after the scalding method is used, and the hydrolysis of the active ingredient amygdalin can be promoted because the hot water can not completely kill the activity of the amygdalin; the clam powder and the bitter almond are fried, a large amount of hot water is not needed, water resources are saved, the environment is protected, meanwhile, the clam powder is smoothly turned and is controlled at 140 ℃ of 100 ℃, the temperature can just and completely kill the activity of the amygdalase and can not promote the decomposition of the active ingredient amygdalin, the temperature range value is the optimized value for achieving the purpose of the invention, the purpose can not be achieved when the temperature is too high or too low, the loss of the content of the amygdalin can be reduced, the seed coat of the bitter almond can be cracked and shed when the clam powder and the bitter almond are fried, and the problem that the seed coat of the bitter almond is not easy to remove or not clean when the bitter almond is processed by a burning method is.

Compared with the traditional method for processing bitter almonds by a stir-frying method, the novel method for stir-frying bitter almonds by clam meal of the invention is as follows:

the traditional method for processing the bitter apricot kernels by the stir-frying method has more problems, the stir-frying fire is not easy to control, the fire is large, the medicinal materials are easy to coke, and the active ingredient amygdalin is decomposed; the stir-frying frequency is not easy to control, the heating is not uniform, the processed fruit is not good, and the appearance of the decoction pieces has focal spots. The novel method for frying the bitter almonds by the clam meal adopts a computer medicine frying machine for Chinese medicinal decoction pieces, the contact between clam meal particles and bitter almond peels is conducted with heat, the rotating speed (10-30 r/min), the temperature (reaching and controlled at 140 ℃) and the frying time (2.5-3.5 min) are limited, the problems of uneven heating and focal spots on the appearance of decoction pieces in the traditional method can be solved, the bitter almonds obtained by the method are heated uniformly, the effects of killing enzyme and preserving glucoside are thorough, the appearance characters of the fried bitter almonds have no focal spots, the loss of active ingredients amygdalin is low, and the content of the amygdalin is high.

The clam powder adopted by the method can be repeatedly utilized without polluting the environment, and the medicinal components of the clam powder and the medicinal material bitter almond are synergistic to realize the functions of clearing heat and reducing phlegm.

The coarse powder with the particle size of 80-120 meshes is adopted, so that the medicinal materials can be uniformly heated, the medicinal materials are prevented from being easily coked, and if the coarse powder with the particle size of 80-120 meshes is not adopted, the clam powder is not turned over or stuck together, so that the medicinal materials to be processed cannot be mixed with the clam powder, the heating is not uniform, and the medicinal materials are easily coked; the melting point of the amygdalin which is the effective component of medicinal material amygdalin is 200 ℃, if the temperature reaches or exceeds 200 ℃, the amygdalin can be decomposed, so the invention is preferably controlled at 100-140 ℃.

The above description is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is within the scope of the appended claims to cover all modifications of the invention which may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.