阅读说明：本技术 激光光源和具有激光光源的激光投影器 (Laser light source and laser projector with laser light source ) 是由 M·弗奇 S·亨格斯巴赫 于 2019-07-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种激光光源(1),其包括：至少一个非线性光学介质(3),尤其非线性晶体；至少一个泵浦激光源(2),其用于产生泵浦激光射束(5)以通过参量降频转换来在所述非线性光学介质(3)中形成信号射束(7)和闲频射束(8)。激光光源(1)包括至少一个晶种光源(4),其用于产生具有比泵浦激光射束(5)的相干长度小的相干长度的晶种信号射束(7’)和/或晶种闲频射束；至少一个叠加装置(16),其用于将晶种信号射束(7’)和/或所述晶种闲频射束与所述泵浦激光射束(5)叠加以共同耦合输入到所述非线性光学介质(3)中。本发明还涉及一种具有这种激光光源(1)的激光投影器。(The invention relates to a laser light source (1) comprising: at least one nonlinear optical medium (3), in particular a nonlinear crystal; at least one pump laser source (2) for generating a pump laser beam (5) to form a signal beam (7) and an idler beam (8) in the nonlinear optical medium (3) by parametric down-conversion. The laser light source (1) comprises at least one seed light source (4) for generating a seed signal beam (7') and/or a seed idler beam having a coherence length smaller than the coherence length of the pump laser beam (5); at least one superposition device (16) for superposing a seed signal beam (7') and/or the seed idler beam with the pump laser beam (5) for common coupling-in into the nonlinear optical medium (3). The invention also relates to a laser projector having such a laser light source (1).)

1. A laser light source (1) comprising:

at least one non-linear optical medium (3, 3a-c), in particular a non-linear crystal;

at least one pump laser source (2, 2a-c) for generating a pump laser beam (5, 5a-c) for forming a signal beam (7, 7a-c) and an idler beam (8, 8a-c) in the nonlinear optical medium (3, 3a-c) by parametric down-conversion,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

at least one seed light source (4, 4a-c) for generating a seed signal beam (7', 7' a to 7' c) and/or a seed idler beam having a coherence length that is smaller than a coherence length of the pump laser beam (5, 5 a-c); at least one superimposing device (16) for superimposing the seed signal beam (7', 7' a to 7' c) and/or the seed idler beam with the pump laser beam (5, 5a-c) for common coupling-in into the nonlinear optical medium (3, 3 a-c).

2. The laser light source of claim 1, further comprising: a control device (22) for controlling the power of the seed signal beam (7', 7' a-7' c), the power of the seed idler beam and/or the power of the pump laser beam (5, 5a-c) coupled into the nonlinear optical medium (3, 3 a-c).

3. The laser light source according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the seed light source (4, 4a-c) is selected from the group comprising an LED, a superluminescent diode and a laser diode.

4. The laser light source according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the pump laser source (2, 2a-c) is configured for generating a pump wavelength (λ) having less than 460nm_P) Of the pump laser beam (5, 5 a-c).

5. Laser light source according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the pump laser source has a solid state laser, in particular a diode laser (2, 2 a-c).

6. The laser light source according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising: an optical isolator (34) for protecting the pump laser source (2) from back reflections.

7. Laser light source according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the nonlinear medium (3, 3a-c) is arranged at a pump wavelength (λ) for the pump laser beam (5)_P) Is arranged in the resonator (25), in particular in the optical parametric oscillator (25).

8. The laser light source according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the pump laser beam (5, 5a-c) passes the non-linear medium (3, 3a-c) a single time or twice.

9. The laser light source according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the nonlinear crystal (3, 3a-c) has a waveguide (6).

10. The laser light source of claim 9, further comprising: a focusing device (19) for focusing the pump laser beam (5, 5a-c), the seed signal beam (7', 7' a-7' c) and/or the seed idler beam on an input face (20) of the waveguide (6).

11. The laser light source according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the nonlinear crystal (3, 3a-c) is periodically poled.

12. Laser light source according to any of the previous claims, wherein the nonlinear crystal (3, 3a-c) is selected from the group comprising KTP, PP-KTP, LiNbO₃LN, AlN, LNoI, BBO, and LBO.

13. The laser light source of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: at least one beam splitting means (10, 11) for separating the signal beam (7, 7a-c) and/or the idler beam (8, 8a-c) from the pump laser beam (5, 5 a-c).

14. The laser light source according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising: at least one sensor device (14), in particular a photodiode, for measuring the intensity (I) of the signal beam and/or the idler beam (8, 8a-c)_I)。

15. The laser light source of claim 14, further comprising: an adjustment device (26) for measuring the intensity (I) of the signal beam and/or the idler beam (8, 8a-c) by means of the sensor device (14)_I) To adjust the temperature (T) of the non-linear medium (3, 3a-c) and/or the power of the pump laser source (2, 2 a-c).

16. The laser light source of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: at least one heating and/or cooling device (27, 29) for adjusting the temperature (T) of the nonlinear medium (3).

17. The laser light source according to claim 16, wherein the heating device constitutes a heating light source (27) configured for radiative heating of the nonlinear optical medium (3).

18. Laser light source according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the laser light source (1) has at least one heating and/or cooling device (29), in particular a peltier element, in surface contact with the non-linear medium (3).

19. The laser light source according to any of the preceding claims, having: a first non-linear optical medium (3a) for forming a first signal beam (7a) and a first idler beam (8a) by parametric down-conversion; a second non-linear optical medium (3b) for forming a second signal beam (7b) and a second idler beam (8b) by parametric down-conversion; preferably a third non-linear optical medium (3c) for forming a third signal beam (7c) and a third idler beam (8c) by parametric down-conversion.

20. Laser light source according to the preamble of claim 19 and claim 1, in particular according to claim 19 and any of the preceding claims, configured for: -providing the pump laser beam (5) from the pump laser source (2) to the first non-linear optical medium (3a), -providing the pump laser beam (5) exiting from the first non-linear optical medium (3a) to the second non-linear optical medium (3b), and preferably-providing the pump laser beam (5) exiting from the second non-linear optical medium (3b) to the third non-linear optical medium (3 c).

21. A laser projector, the laser projector comprising: the laser light source (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a laser light source, comprising: at least one non-linear optical medium, in particular a non-linear crystal; at least one pump laser source for generating a pump laser beam to form a signal beam and an idler beam in the nonlinear optical medium by parametric down conversion. The invention also relates to a laser projector with such a laser light source.

Background

Light sources that produce light with high intensity, color fidelity, concentration, and suitable coherence are particularly advantageous for visualization applications, such as projectors. For visualization applications, in particular projectors, light sources are often used which generate incoherent light, for example lamps or LEDs. The intensity, color fidelity and beam concentration of such light sources have disadvantages. Laser light sources are advantageous in all the mentioned aspects, but they emit strongly coherent light which, in laser projector applications, leads to so-called Speckle-noise (Speckle-Rauschen), i.e. to particle (i.e. granular) interference effects, which significantly reduce the image quality. Speckle noise occurs not only in laser projectors, but also where laser light sources are used for imaging or measurement, such as in interferometric techniques.

Different methods for reducing the coherence of laser light are known: for example, the laser light may be subjected to optical filtering before it is used for projection. However, optical filters used for this purpose generally require a large amount of installation space. Therefore, a series of alternative approaches have been explored in the literature to address speckle problems in laser projectors. An overview is given in the paper "Speckle Reduction in project Systems", F.Riechert, Univ.of Karlsruhe, 2009. The goal of this approach is to superimpose speckle patterns that are independent of each other (i.e., decorrelated) in a non-coherent (i.e., intensity-based) manner.

For sports described in W02006/105259A 2A system and method for generating light having different colors from a line of multi-color laser sources having an array with semiconductor lasers. The individual emitters or semiconductor lasers of the respective arrays are emitted substantially non-coherently (e.g., with different phases) to suppress speckle noise. Spectral broadening of the laser radiation emitted by the semiconductor laser may also be performed to reduce speckle noise. Downstream of the one or more arrays a non-linear frequency converter may be connected, which converts the input frequency to an output frequency having another color. Such a non-linear frequency converter may produce, for example, Parametric Down-Conversion (PDC) of the green input frequency to the red output frequency. The non-linear frequency converter may be located inside or outside the (external) resonator of the respective individualized laser transmitter. For nonlinear frequency conversion, a nonlinear medium is required that can be implemented by, for example, an optical fiber or a nonlinear crystal. The nonlinear crystal of such a laser light source is tuned to the wavelength of the pump laser beam of the respective laser transmitter in such a way that the PDC process takes place in the laser-active crystal. The PDC process is based on the nonlinear interaction of pump laser beams generated by coherent pump laser sources with a nonlinear medium. Two new optical fields are generated in the interaction, which are referred to in this application (as a rule) as signal beams and idler beams. The signal beam and the idler beam cause the energy omega of the pump laser beam_SAnd momentum k_PConservation, i.e. applicable in terms of energy: omega_P＝ω_S+ω_IWherein, ω is_SRepresenting the energy, omega, of the signal beam_IRepresenting the energy of the idler beam. Correspondingly, for the momentum of the pump laser beam _PkMomentum of signal beam _SkAnd the momentum of the idler beam _IkThe method is applicable to the following steps: _Pk＝ _Sk+ _Ik。

an optical resonator is described in W02006/12911A 2, which can be used as a down-converted laser for reducing speckle noise. For this purpose, down-converting materials which shift the radiation of the laser source to longer wavelengths may be used. The optical resonator amplifies the multimode operation so that the down-converting material emits spectrally broadened visible radiation. The optical resonator may also have a waveguide laser with an upconversion layer mounted between two waveguide layers.

EP 0728400B 1 describes a method and apparatus for generating at least three laser beams of different wavelengths for representing a color video image. In this device, the output of a pulsed laser is delivered as an excitation beam to a medium having nonlinear optical properties. In one example, a nonlinear crystal is disposed in an Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO). The OPO produces a signal beam and an idler beam, which are used, if necessary after frequency conversion, together with the excitation beam to represent a monochrome partial image of a color video image. The temperature of the nonlinear crystal can be adjusted by means of a regulating device in order to select the wavelength of the laser beam generated in the crystal or in order to stabilize the OPO. For stabilization, the light intensity of the signal beam, the idler beam or a combination of the intensities of the two beams may be used.

WO 2011/071921 a2 describes a speckle reduction apparatus which reduces speckle by excited raman scattering in an optical fibre. In a three-color laser projector, in which red and blue light is generated by the OPO from green light, it is proposed to use the despeckle device only for green light, since red and blue light naturally have only slight speckle noise due to the spectral broadening in the OPO.

WO 2011/050223 a1 describes a method for operating a wavelength-converting light source for reducing speckle, in which a pump laser beam having a fundamental wavelength is converted in a wavelength conversion device into a wavelength-converted output laser beam. The physical properties of the wavelength conversion device, such as its temperature, change during various intervals, the duration of which is less than the integration time of an optical detector, such as the human eye.

WO 2011/146301 a1 describes an optical system with a light source which generates a pump beam with at least two fundamental spectral peaks. The sum of the two spectral peaks is generated in the wavelength conversion device by the pump beam, thereby forming an output beam with three frequency-converted spectral peaks.

WO 2013/034813 a2 describes an apparatus for generating a second harmonic having a wavelength conversion device for converting incident light into outgoing light having a smaller wavelength. The wavelength conversion device may have a periodically poled nonlinear crystal in order to improve the efficiency of wavelength conversion. The nonlinear crystal may include a waveguide into which light of the light source is coupled through a lens. The wavelength conversion device may have a diffraction grating to reflect a portion of the light back to the light source for wavelength stabilization.

Disclosure of Invention

The object on which the first aspect of the invention is based is to provide a laser light source in which the coherence length of the signal beam and/or idler beam formed in the nonlinear medium is or can be adjusted. The second aspect of the invention is based on the object of using the pump laser radiation of the pump laser source as efficiently as possible.

According to a first aspect, this task is solved by a laser light source of the above-mentioned type, further comprising: at least one seed light source for generating a seed signal beam and/or a seed idler beam having a coherence length that is less than a coherence length of the pump laser beam; at least one superimposing device for superimposing the seed signal beam and/or the seed idler beam with the pump laser beam for common coupling-in into the nonlinear optical medium.

In a first aspect of the invention, it is proposed to use at least one seed light source that produces a seed signal beam and a seed idler beam whose emission spectra conserve or substantially coincide with the signal wavelengths of the signal beam and the idler wavelengths of the idler beam. By using a seed light source, the amplification (population inversion) of the seed beam and/or idler beam by the nonlinear medium may be improved. If the seed light source relates to a light source that can be switched off, the coherence, more precisely the coherence length, of the laser light source according to the invention can be switched in this case at least between two states (switching the seed light source on or off).

The laser light source according to the invention based on a parametric down-conversion process does not require mechanical functional components and can therefore be miniaturized. The coherence length of the generated signal beam and idler beam can be adjusted by means of the seed light source in the following manner: incoherent or partially coherent seed radiation is coupled into a nonlinear optical medium. Furthermore, the coherence of the laser beam generated by the laser light source can be destroyed by parametric down-conversion, since either only the signal beam or only the idler beam forms the effective laser beam of the laser light source. Here, use is made of: even though the signal and idler beams have a strong correlation due to co-production processes in a non-linear medium, the idler and signal beams themselves have the fluctuating nature of thermal light sources. This fluctuation is fast enough to almost completely eliminate the speckle noise. The laser light source according to the invention is therefore suitable for producing bright, speckle-free projections in, for example, data glasses, Head-Up-displays (Head-Up-displays), for microchip exposure in lithography and imaging methods in microscopes (for illumination). The light source according to the invention can also be used for generating holograms or for other optical applications due to adjustable coherence (see below).

The superimposing means may be configured for superimposing the seed signal beam and/or the seed idler beam collinearly (spatially) in order to be delivered to the non-linear medium along a common beam path. For collinear superposition, for example, a dichroic beam splitter can be used, which reflects the polarization direction of the seed signal beam (idler beam) and transmits the polarization direction of the pump laser beam, or vice versa.

It should be understood that other optical arrangements can also be used as a superposition arrangement, which make it possible to superpose the seed or idler beams of the pump laser beam collinearly by using at least one different characteristic of the two beams. For example, different wavelengths of the seed or idler beams of the pump laser beam can be used in order to achieve the superposition, for example by means of a diffraction grating or the like.

In an advantageous embodiment, the laser light source comprises a control device for controlling the power of the seed signal beam, the seed idler beam and/or the pump laser beam coupled into the nonlinear optical medium. The control device can be designed to adjust the power of the seed laser source and/or the pump laser source in order to influence or adjust the coherence of the signal beam and/or idler beam coupled out of the nonlinear medium in this way. In order to adjust the power of the seed signal beam and/or the seed idler beam coupled into the nonlinear medium, it is not necessary to use a seed light source with adjustable power. Alternatively or additionally, (optical) filtering may be performed by means of a tunable optical filter in order to adjust the power of the seed signal beam and/or the seed idler beam coupled into the nonlinear medium. The same applies to the power regulation of the pump laser source.

In another embodiment, the seed light source is selected from the group consisting of an LED, a superluminescent diode, and a laser diode. While LEDs typically have a large coherence length such that the radiation emerging from the seed light source is considered incoherent, superluminescent diodes involve laser diodes that do not have a resonator. The superluminescent diode thus combines the brightness of the laser diode with the low coherence (length) of the LED, which corresponds to a wider bandwidth of the radiation emitted by the superluminescent diode than the laser radiation emitted by the laser diode. The seed light source in the form of a laser diode may particularly relate to a multimode laser diode. The seed signal beam or the seed idler beam generated by such a multimode laser diode also has a smaller coherence length than the pump laser beam generated by a pump laser source, for example in the form of a single mode laser diode.

In one embodiment, the pump laser source is designed to generate a pump laser beam having a pump wavelength of less than 460 nm. When using a laser light source for projection, the pump wavelength of the pump laser source should not be selected to be large, because during parametric down-conversion in a nonlinear medium the converted output wavelength is larger than the pump wavelength of the pump laser beam. When the pump wavelength is, for example, 450nm or less, for example about 375nm or less, three basic colors can be generated by parametric down-conversion: blue (between about 420nm and about 470 nm), green (between about 520nm and about 540 nm), and red (between about 635nm and about 780 nm). In order to generate three signal beams or idler beams having wavelengths in the blue, green and red wavelength range, three pump laser sources may be used, which do not necessarily use the same pump wavelength. It is also possible to generate three signal beams or idler beams with different wavelengths by means of a single pump laser source by dividing the pump laser beam over three nonlinear media. Three signal or idler beams having different wavelengths may be generated in series, as will be described further below.

In a further embodiment, the pump laser source comprises a solid-state laser, in particular a diode laser or a laser diode. The diode laser may be operated continuously (cw) or pulsed. In pulsed operation of the diode laser, it is possible to select for each pulse an injection current which is greater than the cw injection current and which is supplied to the diode laser for generating the pump laser beam, i.e. for over-pulsing the diode laser. During the averaging time, an injection current substantially corresponding to the cw injection current is generated during the over-pulse due to the pulse pause.

In another embodiment, the laser light source additionally comprises an optical isolator for protecting the pump laser source from back reflection. The optical isolator can, for example, be a faraday rotator or another type of optical isolator, which prevents a coupling-in of a portion of the back-reflected pump laser beam into the pump laser source or more precisely into the diode laser.

In a further embodiment, the nonlinear medium is arranged in a resonator, in particular an optical parametric oscillator, for the pump wavelength of the pump laser beam. In this case, the pump laser source can be operated by means of an external resonator, the end mirror of which is arranged in the beam path of the pump laser beam behind the nonlinear optical medium. In this case, the facets of the diode laser, from which the pump laser radiation emerges, are provided with an antireflection coating, which has a reflectivity of, for example, less than 2%, so that the reflected pump laser radiation is emitted at a stable pump wavelength (locking range) as far as possible over a large temperature and wavelength range.

Instead of using an external resonator, the other end mirror of the resonator may be arranged in front of the nonlinear optical medium in the beam path of the pump laser beam in order to reflect the following portions of the pump laser beam back into the nonlinear optical medium: said portion is reflected at an end mirror arranged behind the nonlinear optical medium in the beam path of the pump laser beam. In this case, the nonlinear optical medium with two end mirrors usually forms an optical parametric oscillator. The two end mirrors may in particular be constructed in the form of a highly reflective coating on the front or end facet (Endfacetten) of a nonlinear optical medium in the form of a nonlinear crystal, possibly with a waveguide (see below).

In this case, the nonlinear crystal forms a power-enhanced resonator for the pump laser beam. In this way, the intensity of the pump laser beam within the nonlinear optical crystal can be significantly increased and losses can be reduced by unconverted power components of the pump laser beam exiting the nonlinear crystal. An optical parametric oscillator is typically only resonant with respect to the pump wavelength and not with respect to the signal wavelength of the signal beam or the idler wavelength of the idler beam. Thus, the two reflective coatings acting as end mirrors are highly reflective only for the pump wavelength and not for the signal or idler wavelengths.

In an alternative embodiment, the pump laser beam passes through the nonlinear medium in a single pass (Einzeldurchgang) or in two passes (if appropriate in multiple passes), i.e. the nonlinear optical medium is not arranged in a resonator with two end mirrors for the pump wavelength. In a single pass through a nonlinear optical medium, the pump laser radiation produces a non-coherent or partially coherent signal beam or idler beam. The power of the power component of the pump laser beam, which is not converted into a signal beam or idler beam during passage through the nonlinear optical medium, can also be used if desired, as will be described further below. If the pump laser beam passes through the nonlinear medium twice, the pump laser beam can be reflected back into the nonlinear medium, for example on a coating that is reflective with respect to the pump wavelength (which is applied on the side of the nonlinear medium facing away from the pump laser source) and propagates back to the pump laser source after the two passes, unless an optical isolator is provided to prevent this (see below).

Since the photons of the signal beam are generated when the pump laser beam passes through the nonlinear medium for the second time, a coating for reflection of the signal wavelength (but not with respect to the pump wavelength) can be applied on the opposite side of the nonlinear medium, said photons also propagating in the direction of the pump laser source or seed light source. In order to be able to couple a sufficient power component of the seed signal beam into the nonlinear medium despite the reflective coating, the reflectivity of the reflective coating with respect to the signal wavelength should not be selected to be too large and may, for example, be in the range between about 50% and about 90%, in particular between about 70% and about 90%. Instead of two passes, the pump laser beam can also be passed through the nonlinear medium several times, i.e. at least three times.

In another embodiment, the nonlinear crystal includes a waveguide. Different methods may be used to create waveguides in a nonlinear crystal, such as ion implantation. The waveguide is designed such that it guides the pump laser beam at the pump wavelength, the signal beam at the signal wavelength, and the idler beam at the idler wavelength in a low-loss manner in the nonlinear crystal.

In one embodiment, the laser light source has a focusing device for focusing the pump laser beam, the seed signal beam and/or the seed idler beam on the input side of the waveguide. The focusing means may for example relate to a focusing lens. A collimating device may also be arranged in the beam path after the nonlinear medium in order to collimate the pump laser beam, the signal beam and/or the idler beam, which generally emanates divergently from the waveguide. As lenses for focusing and/or collimating, for example, so-called "graded index lens" (GRIN) lenses may be used. In particular, the lens can be combined into a single hybrid microsystem. GRIN lenses are relatively less eccentric (dezenterering) as a function of manufacturing and are also suitable for passive mounting on (V) grooves or stops (Anschlag). It should be understood, however, that the lens need not be configured as a GRIN lens.

In particular when using an optical isolator, it is advantageous if the pump laser beam exiting from the pump laser source is collimated by means of a collimating device, for example by means of a collimating lens, before it enters the optical isolator. For the case where no optical isolator is used, the functions of the collimating means and the focusing means in front of the non-linear optical medium may be assumed by the same lens.

In the case of pump laser sources having edge emitters with asymmetrical radiation characteristics, i.e. different divergence angles along the so-called "Slow Axis (SA)" and "Fast Axis (FA)", as is often the case with laser diodes, it is possible to implement cylindrical lens telescopes or to implement anamorphic, aspect-ratio-changing collimation by means of crossed cylindrical lenses before coupling-in into the waveguide in order to match the divergence angle or the aspect ratio to the mode diameter or the dimensions of the input face of the waveguide. It is particularly preferred for this purpose to provide an asymmetrical waveguide which has the same aspect ratio on the entry side as the transverse beam radius of the diode laser and does not require the use of a telescope.

In order to couple the seed signal beam and/or the seed idler beam of the seed light source into the waveguide, it is advantageous to guide the seed signal beam and/or the seed idler beam through the optical fiber or to exit it from the optical fiber before reaching the superposition means. In this case, it is possible in particular to match the (mode) diameter of the exit face of the optical fiber to the mode diameter of the waveguide, more precisely of the input face of the waveguide. Alternatively, the mode field diameter of the pump light source can be matched to the mode field diameter of the waveguide, for example by an aperture, and thus also to the acceptance angle of the waveguide.

In one embodiment, the nonlinear crystal is periodically polarized. By periodic poling, the phase matching can be optimized and thus the conversion efficiency of the nonlinear medium is improved. The periodic polarization of the ferroelectric domains of the nonlinear crystal can be done during the manufacture of the nonlinear crystal, for example by means of periodically structured electrodes.

In another embodiment, the nonlinear crystal is selected from the group consisting of KTP (potassium titanyl phosphate), PP-KTP (periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate), LiNbO₃(lithium niobate), PP-LN (periodically poled lithium niobate), Ti: LN (titanium-lithium niobate), AlN (aluminum nitride)LNoI (lithium niobate on insulator substrate), BBO (β -barium oxide), and LBO (lithium-barium oxide). Such nonlinear crystals transmit wavelengths greater than about 380 nm. For the laser light source, a nonlinear crystal having a low absorption and thus a high transmission not only with respect to the pump wavelength but also with respect to the signal wavelength and the idler wavelength should be selected.

In a further embodiment, the laser light source comprises at least one beam splitting means for spatially separating the signal beam and/or the idler beam from the pump laser beam. At least one beam splitting means is arranged in the beam path after the non-linear optical medium. The separation of the signal beam or idler beam from the pump laser beam can be effected, for example, on the basis of different polarizations of the signal beam and idler beam. The beam splitting means may also have wavelength selective components in order to perform the separation of the beams due to their different wavelengths. In general, the laser light source is configured for emitting one or more signal beams from the laser light source without the one or more idler beams leaving the laser light source, but in principle the opposite is also possible. Alternatively, both the one or more signal beams and the one or more idler beams may exit the laser light source.

In a further embodiment, the laser light source comprises at least one sensor device, in particular a photodiode, for measuring the intensity of the signal beam and/or the idler beam. The adjustment of the laser light source may be made in dependence on the measured intensity, as will be described further below. Usually, the intensity of the measurement signal beam or idler beam is sufficient. In the sense of the present application, the measured intensity of the signal beam or idler beam is not necessarily understood as the total intensity of the respective beam emerging from the nonlinear medium, but as a variable proportional to the total intensity of the signal beam or idler beam, since said proportional variable can also be used for the adjustment. For the case where the idler beam should not leave the laser light source, it has proven advantageous to inject the full intensity of the idler beam into the sensor device, since in this case the absorber can be omitted. A wavelength filter may be connected upstream of the sensor device, the wavelength dependent transmission of which is greatest in the region of the idler wavelength (or possibly the signal wavelength) to be measured. The use of an idler beam proves advantageous because its idler wavelength is usually located in the infrared wavelength region, since it is not suitable for visualization applications without further wavelength conversion.

In a further embodiment, the laser light source additionally comprises a regulating device for regulating the temperature of the nonlinear medium and/or the power of the pump laser source as a function of the intensity of the signal beam and/or idler beam measured by means of the sensor device. As described above, the pump wavelength of the pump laser beam is converted into a signal wavelength and an idler wavelength in the nonlinear medium. This conversion process has its maximum value within a specific temperature range of the nonlinear optical medium, which is within a range of values between about 20 ℃ and about 60 ℃. The temperature of the nonlinear medium can be adapted by means of the regulating device such that the efficiency of the conversion process is maximized. This is typically the case when the intensity of the idler radiation (or possibly signal radiation) measured by the sensor arrangement is at a maximum. The power of the pump laser source can also be adjusted to optimize the efficiency of the conversion process. In the case of a nonlinear optical medium arranged in the resonator, the resonance condition (i.e. the optical path length of the resonator) can also be adapted during the adjustment in such a way that the resonance condition is optimized for the pump wavelength of the pump laser beam. For this purpose, in addition to the temperature of the nonlinear optical medium, the power of the pump laser source may also be varied, since the power of the pump laser source causes a slight shift of the pump wavelength, which may result in a wavelength stabilization. It is to be understood that the regulating means and the above-mentioned control means may be implemented as the same electronic component, for example a programmable electronic component.

In one embodiment, the laser light source comprises at least one heating and/or cooling device for adjusting the temperature of the nonlinear medium. It may be sufficient to perform only heating or cooling of the non-linear medium. It may also be advantageous to be able to perform tempering, i.e. heating as well as cooling, of the nonlinear medium. The heating and/or cooling device can be used as an actuator (stellenarichtung) for the above-mentioned regulating device.

In one embodiment, the laser light source has a heating light source for the radiant heating of the nonlinear optical medium. The heating light source may for example relate to an LED or other light source whose emission spectrum ideally lies in the blue or UV wavelength region (i.e. wavelengths typically less than about 380nm or about 360 nm). The use of heating radiation with a small wavelength advantageously ensures that the heating radiation is absorbed and converted into thermal power in the volume of the nonlinear optical medium or nonlinear optical crystal (Volumen). As mentioned above, the nonlinear crystal substantially transmits a large wavelength so that the pump wavelength, the signal wavelength, and the idler wavelength can be transmitted without loss as much as possible.

In one embodiment, the laser light source comprises at least one heating and/or cooling device, in particular a Peltier element, in contact with the surface of the nonlinear medium. Heating and/or cooling means, for example in the form of peltier elements, may be used to cool and/or heat the housing or surface of the nonlinear crystal. A peltier element or other type of contact heating or cooling device may direct heat to or release heat from the nonlinear optical medium through surface contact.

It has proven advantageous to combine a heating and/or cooling assembly in contact with the surface of the nonlinear medium with a heating light source in order to regulate the temperature of the nonlinear medium. The heating light source may be used, inter alia, to fine tune the temperature of the non-linear optical medium, while coarse tuning of the temperature may be performed by a heating and/or cooling assembly in surface contact with the non-linear optical medium or its housing.

In another embodiment, a laser light source includes: a first nonlinear optical medium that forms a first signal beam and a first idler beam by parametric down conversion; a second nonlinear optical medium that forms a second signal beam and a second idler beam by parametric down conversion; preferably a third non-linear optical medium, which forms a third signal beam and a third idler beam by parametric down-conversion.

Such laser light sources are used, for example, in projection applications, since in such applications it is generally necessary to generate laser beams of three different wavelengths in the visible wavelength range. Three nonlinear optical media can be passed in parallel by three pump laser beams. A single pump laser source can generate a pump laser beam whose pump power is distributed into three nonlinear optical media. In this case, however, it is generally advantageous to assign an individual pump laser source to each linear optical medium, since in this way the power of the signal and/or idler beam generated in the respective nonlinear optical medium can be adjusted in a particularly simple manner by controlling the injection current. In this case, three different wavelengths can also be generated using different pump wavelengths. It may be advantageous that the three non-linear optical media generate idler radiation of the same idler wavelength, which may be advantageous for the above-mentioned adjustment of the laser light source.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a laser light source as described in the introduction to the description and which may in particular be constructed as described above in connection with the first aspect of the invention. The laser light source is configured for providing a pump laser beam from a pump laser source to the first nonlinear optical medium, for providing a pump laser beam exiting from the first nonlinear optical medium to the second nonlinear optical medium and preferably for providing a pump laser beam exiting from the second nonlinear optical medium to the third nonlinear optical medium.

According to a second aspect of the invention, the first signal beam, the second signal beam and preferably the third signal beam and the respectively associated idler beam are generated in series or in cascade. In this way, a laser light source with a compact design can be achieved, wherein at the same time the electro-optical efficiency can be increased, since unconverted pump laser radiation emerging from the first nonlinear optical medium or the second nonlinear optical medium is coupled into the following nonlinear optical medium in order to perform parametric down-conversion in the nonlinear optical medium. In this way, in particular, the three wavelengths (e.g., red, green and blue) required for generating white light (e.g., for projection applications) can be generated in series by means of a single pump laser beam.

In this aspect of the invention, the pump laser beam preferably passes through at least the first and second nonlinear optical media in a single pass, in order to be able to couple in a sufficient component of the power of the pump laser beam into the respective nonlinear optical media following in the beam path. In this aspect of the invention, the seed light source may be used in combination with a superimposing means, as described above, to couple the seed signal beam and/or the seed idler beam into the respective nonlinear optical medium. The power through the respective seed light source may affect the amplification of the respective nonlinear optical medium. In this way, the respective color or wavelength components of the signal and/or idler beams emerging from the respective nonlinear optical media can be adjusted.

In order to adjust the coherence, the seed signal may optionally not be supplied to the respective nonlinear optical medium, i.e. the respective entrance end of the seed beam remains unoccupied, or a partially coherent seed signal beam or seed idler beam may be supplied to the respective nonlinear optical medium by means of a seed light source in the form of an LED, superluminescent diode, or the like. In particular in this aspect of the invention, instead of a seed light source having a smaller coherence length than the pump laser source, it is also possible to use a seed laser source, such as a laser diode, which generates a coherent seed signal beam or a coherent seed idler beam. In this case, the coherence of the laser light source can also be adjusted by coupling the power of the seed signal beam and/or the seed idler beam input into the nonlinear optical medium.

In the second aspect of the invention, the provision of a seed light source and an associated superposition device can be omitted entirely if necessary: for the case where the seed light source is switched off or not present, signal and idler beams are generated in the nonlinear optical medium up to the system-specific pumping threshold intensity, which themselves have the fluctuating character of the thermal light source, so that speckle noise in, for example, projection applications can be almost completely eliminated by using either the signal or idler beams.

In a serial arrangement of nonlinear optical media, it has proven advantageous to generate a signal beam in the blue wavelength range (between approximately 420nm and 470 nm) in a first nonlinear optical medium, a signal beam in the green wavelength range (between approximately 520nm and approximately 540 nm) in a second nonlinear optical medium, and a signal beam in the red wavelength range (between approximately 635nm and approximately 780 nm) in a third nonlinear optical medium, since the conversion efficiency decreases with increasing wavelength.

In the serial generation as well as in the parallel generation described above, the respective signal beam or the respective idler beam generated in one of the three nonlinear optical media can be superimposed in at least one superimposing device into a common laser beam emerging from the laser light source, the common laser beam having at least two wavelengths, preferably three wavelengths. The three wavelengths (red, green and blue) superimposed into the outgoing laser beam and their individual optical powers are ideally selected such that they produce a white hue suitable for projection purposes as a whole, ideally with a color temperature of 6500K. For this purpose, it is necessary to suitably select the nonlinear optical medium or to suitably design the length of the nonlinear optical medium and its periodic polarization in order to produce the desired wavelength.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a laser projector comprising a laser light source constructed as described above. The laser light source described above can be used, for example, in a laser projector in which the signal beams or the outgoing idler beams emerging from the respective nonlinear optical media are superimposed by means of at least one superimposing device, respectively, in order to produce laser beams with three different wavelengths, which are usually in the visible wavelength range, in order to produce an almost speckle-free image on the projection surface. For generating an image on the projection surface, the laser projector may have a scanner device for deflecting the laser beam in two dimensions, which scanner device may comprise, for example, at least one mirror. Such laser projectors may be used in particular as head-up displays in motor vehicles, wherein for example a front windscreen is used as the projection surface. However, the laser light source may also be used as an illumination source for the projection image, for generating said image a spatially resolving modulator is used (Modulatoren), for example a so-called DMD (digital mirror device) or SLM (spatial light modulator).

Drawings

Further advantages of the invention emerge from the description and the drawings. Likewise, the features mentioned above and also the features listed further above can each be used individually or in any combination in the form of a plurality. The embodiments shown and described are not to be understood as exhaustive enumeration but rather have exemplary character for the description of the invention.

The figures show:

fig. la shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a laser light source with a nonlinear crystal, a pump laser source and a seed light source, wherein the pump laser beam has a single pass through the nonlinear crystal;

fig. lb shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a laser light source similar to fig. la, in which the pump laser beam passes twice through the nonlinear crystal;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a laser light source similar to FIG. la with a regulating device for temperature regulation of the nonlinear crystal arranged in an optical parametric oscillator;

fig. 3 shows a diagram of a laser light source, in which three nonlinear crystals are arranged in series, which are passed through by the same pump laser beam; and is

Fig. 4 shows a diagram of a laser light source in which three nonlinear crystals are passed in parallel by three pump laser beams.

In the following description of the figures, the same reference numerals are used for identical or functionally identical components.

Detailed Description

Fig. la shows highly schematically an exemplary structure of a laser light source 1 with a pump laser source 2 in the form of a diode laser, a nonlinear optical medium in the form of a nonlinear optical crystal 3 and a seed light source 4. In the example shown, the pump laser source 2 is configured for generating a pump laser beam 5 having a pump wavelength of 375nm or more than 375 nm. For visualization applications using Parametric Down Conversion (PDC) processes, the pump wavelength λ_PShould not be chosen too large and should be less than about 460nm or about 450 nm.

A pump laser beam 5 is coupled into the nonlinear crystal 3, more precisely into a waveguide 6 formed therein. The waveguide 6 may be created in the nonlinear crystal 3 by, for example, particle implantation or diffusion of titanium. In the example shown, the nonlinear crystal 3 relates to periodically poled lithium niobate (Ti: PPLn) with diffused titanium. It is important for the selection of the nonlinear crystal 3 that the PDC process can take place in the nonlinear crystal. In the PDC process, the pump laser beam 5 interacts with the nonlinear crystal 3, wherein two new optical fields are generated, which are said to have a signal wavelength λ_SSignal beam 7 and a signal having an idler wavelength lambda_IThe idler beam 8. The energy ω of the pump laser beam 5 during the PDC process_PConservation, i.e. the law of conservation of energy applies: omega_P＝ω_S+ω_IWherein, ω is_SReferred to as the energy, omega, of the signal beam 7_IReferred to as the energy of idler beam 8. In order to also satisfy the momentum for the pump laser beam 5 _PkMomentum of the signal beam 7 _SkAnd the momentum of the idler beam 8 _IkLaw of conservation of momentum: _Pk＝ _Sk+ _Ikphase matching is required, which in the example shown is achieved by periodic polarisation 9 of the nonlinear crystal 3. In fig. la, the periodic polarization 9 is indicated by vertical lines in the reverse polarized ferroelectric domain (ferroelktrischen) of the nonlinear crystal 3) Forming a boundary surface therebetween. By periodically poling 9, the non-linearity of the crystal 3 and thus the efficiency of the PDC process is also improved.

A first beam splitter 10 is arranged in the beam path downstream of the nonlinear crystal 3, which separates the idler beam 8 from the pump laser beam 5 which emerges from the nonlinear crystal 3 and is unconverted in the PDC process. The first beam splitter 10 is configured as a dichroic beam splitter, i.e. it has a wavelength selective element in the form of a wavelength selective coating, so as to be provided with a pump wavelength λ_PAnd a pump laser beam 5 having a duty cycleWavelength λ of frequency_IThe idler beam 8 is split. A second beam splitter 11, which separates the pump laser beam 5 from the signal beam 7, is arranged in the beam path after the first beam splitter 10. The second beam splitter 11 is configured as a polarizing beam splitter. The signal beam 7 can be separated from the idler beam 8 in the polarizing beam splitter 11, since the two beams in the currently selected design of the laser light source 1 are polarized perpendicular to one another, i.e. there is a type II phase match. Alternatively, the following phase matching can also be achieved: wherein the signal beam 7 and the idler beam 8 have the same polarization (type I). In both cases (type I and type II), the beam splitter can be configured as an optical filter or as a wavelength selective optical component.

In order to separate the signal beam 7 from the pump laser beam 5 in the polarization beam splitter 11, the two beams 5, 7 are advantageously incident in a collimated manner in the polarization beam splitter 11. To achieve this, a collimator lens 12 is arranged between the first beam splitter 10 and the second beam splitter 11. After the second beam splitter 11, the signal beam 7 is coupled out of the laser light source 1 as an effective beam by a further collimator lens 13. Instead of the further collimating lens 13, the light source 1 may also have an exit window, for example if the signal beam 7 has been collimated as an effective beam by a corresponding configuration of the collimating lens 12. In the example shown in fig. la, the collimating lens 12 is used to collimate the pump laser beam 5, but not the signal beam 7 due to the different wavelength. The signal beam 7 is collimated only by the other collimating lenses 13. It should be understood that the reverse is also possible.

The idler beam 8 illuminates a sensor device 14 in the form of a photodiode, which measures the intensity I of the idler beam 8_I. The idler beam 8 is focused onto a photodiode 14 by means of a further focusing lens 15. Measured intensity I of idler beam 8_IMay be used to adjust the temperature T of the nonlinear crystal 3 as will be further described below. The pump laser beam 5 passes through the nonlinear crystal 3 in a single pass. The unconverted components of the pump laser beam 5 in the nonlinear crystal 3 can also be used, as will be described further below.

The laser light source 1 shown in fig. la has a seed light source 4 in the form of an LED, which is constructedFor generating a seed signal beam 7'. The seed light source 4 generates a seed signal beam 7' having a wavelength corresponding to the signal wavelength λ of the signal beam 7_SAnd (5) the consistency is achieved. The seed light source 4 in the form of an LED generates the following seed signal beam 7': the seed signal beam has a coherence length that is smaller than the coherence length of the pump laser beam 5 generated by the pump laser source 2. Instead of LEDs, other types of seed light sources 4, such as superluminescent diodes or (multi-mode) laser diodes, such as multi-mode laser diodes, may also be used to generate the partially coherent seed signal beam 7'. The seed signal beam 7' is superimposed in line with the pump laser beam 5 in a superimposing device 16 in the form of a dichroic mirror. The following facts are used here: the pump laser source 2 generates a pump laser beam 5 with a (linear) polarization that is oriented perpendicular to the (linear) polarization of the seed signal beam 7'.

For the superposition in the superposition means 16, it is advantageous to collimate the pump laser beam 5 and the seed signal beam 7'. For collimating the pump laser beam 5 emitted divergently from the pump laser source 2, the laser light source 1 has a collimating lens 17. Correspondingly, a further collimating lens 18 for collimating the seed signal beam 7' is also arranged between the seed light source 4 and the superimposing means 16. The superimposed pump laser beam 5 and seed signal beam 7' are focused by means of a focusing lens 19 onto an entrance face 20 of the waveguide 6. Depending on the application, it is also possible for a plurality of lenses, in particular (crossed) cylindrical lenses, to act jointly as collimating lenses 17. This facilitates the shaping of the angular distribution (winkelprofile) and/or the aspect ratio of the pump laser beam 5 emerging from the pump laser source 2 in the form of an edge emitter (laser diode) at two different divergence angles.

The focusing lens 19 is designed such that the pump laser beam 5 and the seed signal beam 7' jointly incident into the waveguide 6 are matched to the mode field diameter of the waveguide 6. The acceptance angle of the waveguide 6 can be matched by the joint guidance of the pump laser beam 5 and the seed signal beam 7' in a distance piece (Distanzst shell) 21, for example in the form of an optical fiber. The focusing lens 19 and the distance piece 21 may also be realized in the form of a single optical component, for example in the form of a GRIN lens. Alternatively or additionally, the matching of the mode field diameter or acceptance angle of the waveguide 6 may be achieved in other ways, for example by using an aperture or the like.

For certain applications, for example for holograms, it may make sense for the laser light source 1 to have a switchable or adjustable coherence (length). In order to adjust the coherence length of the signal beam 7, which serves as an effective laser beam, the laser light source 1 shown in fig. la has a control device 22. The control device 22 is able to adjust the intensity of the seed signal beam 7' coupled into the nonlinear crystal 3 by: the injection current supplied to the seed light source 4 for generating the seed signal beam 7' is controlled. As the power or intensity of the seed signal beam 7' increases, the coherence of the signal beam 7 generated in the nonlinear crystal 3 decreases. Therefore, the desired coherence of the signal beam 7 emitted from the laser light source 1 can be adjusted by controlling the intensity of the seed signal beam 7' or the power of the seed light source 4.

The control device 22 is also designed to adjust the power of the pump laser source 2. This is of interest, for example, in projection applications in which a plurality of signal beams 7 are superimposed, since in this case the color of the light produced in the superimposition can be varied by varying the intensity of the respective signal beam 7. The pump laser sources 2 can be operated continuously or in pulses. In the latter case, pulsing may be performed, i.e. the (maximum) power of the pump laser source 2 is selected during the pulse duration to be greater than the power in continuous operation of the pump laser source 2. The efficiency of the PDC process in the nonlinear crystal 3 can be improved by over-pulsing the pump laser source 2.

Fig. lb shows a laser light source 1, which differs essentially from the laser light source 1 shown in fig. la in that a first reflective coating 23 and a second reflective coating 24 are applied to the end facets of the nonlinear crystal 3. The second reflective coating 24 is applied to the end facet facing away from the pump laser source 2 for the pump wavelength λ_PHighly reflective (reflectivity)>99%) and for the signal wavelength λ_SHaving very low reflectivity (e.g. of<1%). The unconverted pump radiation is therefore reflected back into the nonlinear crystal 3 at the second reflective coating 24 and is available for passing through the PDCFurther wavelength conversion of the wavelength. The unconverted component of the pump laser beam 5, which is reflected back in the direction of the pump laser source 2 and passes twice through the nonlinear crystal 3, also generates photons of the signal beam 7 in the PDC process, which photons also propagate in the direction of the pump laser source 2. In order to reverse the propagation direction of the photons again, a first reflective coating 23 is applied to the end facet facing the pump laser source 2, which first reflective coating has a signal wavelength λ_SWith a large reflectivity (e.g., between about 50% and about 99% reflectivity, such as about 85%). The reflectivity of the first reflective coating 23 should be selected such that, on the one hand, the majority of the power of the component of the signal beam 7 propagating in the direction of the pump laser source 2 is reflected at the first reflective coating 23 and, on the other hand, sufficient intensity of the seed signal beam 7' for the speckle-free signal beam 7 is coupled into the nonlinear crystal 3.

The following facts are used here: the intensity or power of the seed signal beam 7' coupled into the nonlinear crystal 3 should be relatively low, since otherwise the coherence of the signal beam 7 would increase due to the stimulating effect. Due to the low power of the seed signal beam 7', the incoupling losses do not have much influence on the overall efficiency of the laser light source 1 when the seed signal beam 7' passes through the first reflective coating 23. For the first reflective coating 23 for the seed or signal wavelength λ_SWith a reflectivity of about 95%, about 50 μ W is coupled into the nonlinear crystal 3 for a seed light source 4 power of about 1mW, resulting in a (tolerable) power loss of about 950 μ W. Instead of using a first reflective coating 23 having a relatively low reflectivity, it is also possible to use a reinforced resonator if necessaryIn this case, however, the phase conditions between the length of the nonlinear optical crystal 3 and the signal beam 7 must be precisely complied with, which can only be realized technically with a high outlay.

The second beam splitter 11 can be omitted from the laser source 1 shown in fig. lb, since the power component of the pump laser beam 5 which is not reflected at the second reflective coating 24 of the nonlinear optical crystal 3 and emerges from the nonlinear optical crystal 3 is very small.

Fig. 2 shows a laser light source 1 which is constructed basically as the laser light source 1 of fig. la, but which differs from the laser light source 1 shown in fig. la in that a nonlinear crystal 3 is arranged in a resonator 25 (optical parametric oscillator, OPO) formed between a first end mirror 23 and a second end mirror 24. In the example shown, the two end mirrors 23, 24 are configured in the form of a highly reflective coating applied to the two end facets of the nonlinear crystal 3. Two end mirrors 23, 24 for the pump wavelength λ_PHighly reflective to achieve: only as small a component of the pump laser beam 5 as possible is coupled out of the nonlinear crystal 3. However, the two end mirrors 23, 24 are for a signal wavelength λ_SAnd idler wavelength λ_IHas a low reflectivity.

Since the first end mirror 23 does not completely reflect the component of the pump laser beam 5 reflected back at the second end mirror 24, this component may return to the pump laser source 2 and be incident into the pump laser source in an undesirable manner. To prevent this, an optical isolator 34 is arranged in the laser light source 1 shown in fig. 2, which is arranged between the focusing lens 19 and the collimating lens 17 for the pump laser beam 5. In the example shown, the optical isolator 34 relates to a faraday rotator, but other types of optical isolators 34 can be used for this purpose.

As can also be seen in fig. 2, the laser light source 1 has an adjusting device 26 for adjusting the temperature T of the nonlinear crystal 3. Intensity I of idler beam 8 measured by sensor device 14_IAs a measured variable to the regulating device 26. In the example shown, the adjustment means 26 are used to maximize the measured intensity I of the idler beam 8_ISince this (at a given power of the pump laser beam 5) leads to a maximization of the effective action or efficiency of the PDC process. In the example shown in fig. 2, a heating light source 27 in the form of an LED is used as an actuator (Stellglied) for the regulating device 26. The heating light source 27 generates heating radiation 28 which is radiated onto the nonlinear crystal 3 and absorbed in the volume of the nonlinear crystal 3. In order to produce as much absorption of the heating radiation 28 as possible in the material of the nonlinear crystal 3, it is advantageous to heat the light source 27 generating heating radiation at the following heating wavelengths: the heating wavelength is completely smaller than the pump wavelength lambda of the pump laser source 2_P. For example, the heating light source 27 may be configured for generating heating radiation 28 of a wavelength of less than about 450nm or about 380 nm.

In addition to the heating light source 27, the laser light source 1 of fig. 2 also comprises a heating and cooling device in the form of a peltier element 29, which is in surface contact with the nonlinear crystal 3 and also serves as an actuator for the adjusting device 26. In the example shown, the peltier element 29 covers two opposite surface sides of the nonlinear crystal 3 in a planar manner and can be used for cooling and/or heating the crystal 3. It will be appreciated that instead of heating and cooling means in the form of peltier elements 29, means may also be used which are in surface contact with the nonlinear crystal 3 and which are only capable of heating the nonlinear crystal 3 or only capable of cooling the nonlinear crystal 3. It should be understood that other means not further described herein may be used to heat and/or cool the nonlinear crystal 3 if desired. The temperature T of the nonlinear crystal 3 should be adjusted by means of the adjusting device 26 to a value lying approximately between about 20 ℃ and about 60 ℃. The heating light source 27 can thereby change the temperature T of the nonlinear crystal 3 rapidly, usually slightly, while the peltier element 29, which reacts relatively slowly, can be adapted to the temperature T relatively slowly over a relatively large temperature range.

In addition to being used for adjusting the temperature T of the nonlinear crystal 3, the adjusting means 26 may also be used for adjusting the power of the pump laser source 2 in order to optimize the efficiency of the conversion process. In the example shown in fig. 2, the nonlinear crystal 3 is arranged in the resonator 25, and the resonance condition (i.e. the optical path length of the resonator 25) can also be adapted during the adjustment in such a way that the pump wavelength λ for the pump laser beam 5 is adjusted_PThe resonance condition is optimized. For this purpose, in addition to the temperature T of the nonlinear crystal 3, the power or intensity of the pump laser beam 5 of the pump laser source 2 can also be varied. For this purpose, the regulating device 26 may take into account the use of the control device 22. It should be understood that the control device 22 and the regulating device 26 may be implemented as the same electronic component, e.g. a programmable electronic component.

In the example of the laser light source 1 shown in fig. la, the following examples are also possibleThe pump wavelength λ is stabilized as follows_P: the nonlinear crystal 3 is incorporated into an external resonator of a pump laser source 2 in the form of a diode laser. In this case, a component of the pump laser beam 5 can be reflected by an end mirror (not shown) of the external resonator back into the pump laser source 2 and used there for wavelength stabilization.

Fig. 3 shows a laser light source 1 with a pump laser source 2 for generating a pump laser beam 5 and three laser modules la-c arranged in series. Apart from the fact that there is no pump laser source 2, each of the three laser modules la-c is constructed substantially as the laser light source 1 of fig. la. The pump laser source 2 supplies a pump laser beam 5 to the first laser module la in order to generate a laser beam having a first signal wavelength λ in the first nonlinear crystal 3a by a PDC process_S1And a first signal beam 7a having a first idler wavelength lambda_I1The first idler beam 8 a. The unconverted component of the pump laser beam 5 in the first nonlinear crystal 3a of the first laser module la leaves the first laser module la and is supplied to the second laser module lb with the second nonlinear crystal 3 b. In the second nonlinear crystal 3b, a second signal wavelength λ is generated by the pump laser beam 5_S2And a second signal beam 7b having a second idler wavelength lambda_I2Of the second idler beam 8 b. The unconverted component of the pump laser beam 5 in the second nonlinear crystal 3b is supplied to a third laser module lc. The third laser module lc has a third nonlinear crystal 3c in which a pump laser beam 5 is generated by a PDC process with a third signal wavelength λ_S3And a third signal beam 7c having a third idler wavelength lambda_I3Of the third idler beam 8 c.

The following facts are utilized in the serial arrangement of the laser modules la-c and the nonlinear crystals 3 a-c: the pump laser beams 3a-c pass at least a first nonlinear crystal 3a and a second nonlinear crystal 3b, and usually also a third nonlinear crystal 3c in a single pass, i.e. the laser module and nonlinear crystal are not arranged in a resonator or optical parametric oscillator.

Like the laser light sources 1 shown in fig. la, lb, the laser modules la-c may comprise seed light sources, but this is not necessarily required, i.e. seed light sources may be omitted if necessary. Alternatively, the respective seed light sources may be used in the form of coherent seed light sources (e.g. laser diodes or the like) in the three laser modules 3 a-c. The control and regulation can be carried out analogously to the examples shown in fig. la, lb and 2.

The laser light source 1 shown in fig. 3 is designed for projection applications and it generates three different signal wavelengths λ, each lying in the visible wavelength range_S1、λ_S2、λ_S3Three signal beams 7 a-c. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the pump wavelength λ_PAt about 375nm, the first signal wavelength λ_S1At about 480nm, a first idler wavelength λ_I1At about 1714 nm. Second signal wavelength lambda_S2At about 530nm, a second idler wavelength λ_I2At approximately 1282 nm. Accordingly, the third signal wavelength λ_S3At about 650nm, third idler wavelength λ_I3At about 886 nm. Thus, the three signal wavelengths λ of the three signal beams 7a-c_S1、λ_S2、λ_S3In the blue, green and red spectral regions. In order to use the three signal beams 7a-c in a laser projector (not shown on the image), the laser light source 1 has a first superimposing means 31 and a second superimposing means 32 for spatially superimposing the three signal beams 7a-c collinearly. For this purpose, the first signal beam 7a emerging from the first laser module la is deflected at the deflection mirror 30 toward a first superimposing device 31 having a wavelength-selective component, in order to superimpose the first signal beam 7a and the second signal beam 7b collinearly. The superimposed first and second signal beams 7a, 7b impinge on a second superimposing device 32, which likewise has wavelength-selective components, in order to spatially superimpose the first and second signal beams with a third signal beam 7c, so that a beam having all three signal wavelengths λ is formed_S1、λ_S2、λ_S3Of the laser beam 33.

The laser beam 33 generated by the laser light source 1 can be supplied to, for example, a scanner device of a laser projector in order to direct the laser beam 33 in two dimensionsDeflecting for producing an image on the projection surface. In order to adjust the power components of the three signal beams 7a-c and thus the color of the laser beam 33, the power of the seed laser source may be adjusted or varied in the respective laser module la-c. As described above, the three idler beams 8a-c exiting from the laser modules la-c can be used to adjust the temperature T of the respective nonlinear optical crystals 3 a-c. In order to generate different signal wavelengths lambda_S1、λ_S2、λ_S3Different types of nonlinear crystals 3a-c may be used. However, it is generally sufficient to choose the periodic polarization of the nonlinear crystals 3a-c differently for this purpose.

Fig. 4 shows a laser light source 1 which is also designed for projection applications and which differs from the laser light source 1 shown in fig. 3 essentially in that: instead of the pump laser beam 5 passing through the three nonlinear crystals 3a-c in series, three pump laser beams 5a-c generated by three pump laser sources 2a-c pass through the three nonlinear crystals in parallel. The laser source 1 shown in fig. 4 is constructed substantially as the laser source 1 shown in fig. 2, with the difference that three parallel beam paths are used instead of a single beam path.

The laser source 1 of fig. 4 thus has three collimating means 17a-c for collimating the respective pump laser beams 5a-c before they are incident into the superimposing means 16, which superimpose the seed signal beams 7'a to 7' c generated by the respective seed light sources 4a-c with the respective pump laser beams 5 a-c. The seed signal beams 7'a to 7' c and the pump laser beams 5a-c superimposed in the superimposing means 16 are focused by means of respective focusing lenses 19a-c and coupled into three nonlinear crystals 3a-c arranged in parallel, more specifically into respective waveguides (not shown graphically). Idler beams 8a-c emerging from the three nonlinear crystals 3a-c are separated from the signal beams 7a-c and from the respective pump laser beams 5a-c at the respective first beam splitters 10a-c after being collimated again by means of three collimating lenses 12 a-c.

In the example shown in fig. 4, the three idler beams 8a-c are directed together to a single sensor arrangement 14,in order to measure the intensity I of the three idler beams 8a-c_I. The pump laser sources 2a-c may be configured for generating laser beams having different pump wavelengths λ_P(e.g. 373.5nm, 394.5nm and 358 nm). In the illustrated example, this is used to generate the same idler wavelength λ in all three nonlinear crystals 3a-c_I(e.g., 1550nm), which is advantageous to the intensity I of idler beams 8a-c_IAs described above.

As in the laser light source 1 shown in fig. 2, the adjusting means 26 are also used for adjusting the temperature T of the nonlinear crystals 3a-c in the laser light source 1 shown in fig. 4. In the example shown, the three nonlinear crystals 3a-c are manufactured as monolithic crystal blocks, i.e. they differ essentially only in their periodic polarization. It may therefore be interesting not to individually adjust the temperature T of the three nonlinear crystals 3a-c, but to adjust the temperature T of all three nonlinear crystals 3a-c jointly. For this purpose, only the total intensity I of all three idler beams 8a-c is measured_IOr it may be sufficient to measure the intensity of a single idler beam 8 a-c. However, it should be understood that instead of the method shown in FIG. 4, it is also possible to individually measure the intensities of all three idler beams 8a-c and individually adjust the temperatures of the three nonlinear crystals 3a-c by means of three sensor devices.

The respective second beam splitter 11a-c, which is constructed as an optical filter in the example shown, separates the respective pump laser beam 5a-c (more precisely its unconverted radiation component) from the respective signal beam 7 a-c. The three signal beams 7a-c may be superimposed into a single laser beam having three different signal wavelengths λ in the visible wavelength region, for example in the manner described above in connection with fig. 3_S1、λ_S2、λ_S3And may be used, for example, in visualization applications.

The laser light source 1 shown in fig. 4 can reduce the production costs, since as many components as possible are used jointly for all three nonlinear crystals 3a-c, as is the case, for example, in a common superposition device 16 arranged in front of the three nonlinear crystals 3 a-c. Since the unconverted component of the pump laser beam 5 is not used in the parallel arrangement of the three nonlinear crystals 3a-c, the three nonlinear crystals 3a-c are arranged between two resonator end mirrors 23, 24 (which together with the nonlinear crystals 3a-c, respectively, form an optical parametric oscillator) in order to minimize the power loss of the respective pump laser beam 5 a-c.

In the above example, the seed light sources 4, 4a-c are configured for generating seed signal beams 7', 7' a-c, respectively. It should be understood that in addition to the seed signal beams 7', 7' a-c, seed idler beams (not shown on the image) may also be coupled into the respective nonlinear crystals 3, 3a-c to enhance the amplification of the respective idler beams 8, 8 a-c. However, with the above pump wavelength of about 375nm, the idler wavelength λ of the idler beams 8, 8a-c_I、λ_I1、λ_I2、λ_I3Typically in the infrared wavelength range, so that the idler beams 8, 8a-c cannot be used for visualization applications without subsequent frequency conversion. This does not preclude the use of idler beams 8, 8a-c for other applications. In principle, it is likewise possible to differ from the respective signal wavelength λ_SOr idler wavelength λ_IIs coupled into the nonlinear crystal 3, 3a-c, but this does not actually affect the amplification of the signal beam 7, 7a-c or idler beam 8, 8a-c in the respective nonlinear crystal 3, 3 a-c.

It should be understood that in all the above examples, the intensity of the seed signal beam 7', 7' a-c or the seed idler beam coupled into the respective nonlinear crystal 3, 3a-c can be made adjustable by means of the control device 22 in order to adjust the coherence of the laser light or laser beam 33 generated by the respective laser light source 1 in this way. When using the laser light source 1 as an illumination source, the adjustment of the coherence can be used, for example, for generating holograms. The above laser light source 1 is suitable for miniaturization due to lack of a mechanical functional member such as a mechanical filter, and can be used as a light source of a laser projector (such as a head-up display or the like), for example.