阅读说明：本技术 一种微米级聚苯乙烯微球的合成方法 (Synthesis method of micron-sized polystyrene microspheres ) 是由 刘坤良 何良 刘志周 南雪燕 王彤 白鹏利 于 2020-12-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种微米级聚苯乙烯微球的合成方法,以苯乙烯为主要原料,加入含有少量阻聚剂的表面活性剂,以兼具搅拌、控温功能为一体的装置为工具,能一次性制备几十克到几千克的聚苯乙烯微球。该方法生产出的微球粒径在2-4微米之间可控,均一性好,变异系数(Cv值)小于5％。该工艺制备简易,安全性高,稳定性好,将为体外诊断领域微球耗材的商业化生产带来重大改变。(The invention discloses a method for synthesizing micron-sized polystyrene microspheres, which takes styrene as a main raw material, adds a surfactant containing a small amount of polymerization inhibitor, takes a device integrating stirring and temperature control functions as a tool, and can prepare dozens of grams to thousands of grams of polystyrene microspheres at one time. The microsphere produced by the method has controllable particle size of 2-4 microns, good uniformity and coefficient of variation (Cv value) less than 5%. The process is simple in preparation, high in safety and good in stability, and brings great change to the commercial production of microsphere consumables in the field of in vitro diagnosis.)

1. A synthetic method of micron-sized polystyrene microspheres is characterized by comprising the following steps:

styrene, a liquid surfactant, a solid stabilizer, an initiator and a solvent are taken as raw materials, and the total mass of the raw materials is controlled to be 0.25-5 kg;

mixing a solvent accounting for 34-38.3% of the raw materials by mass, a liquid surfactant accounting for 0.5-1.0% of the raw materials by mass and a solid stabilizer accounting for 1.5-2.5% of the raw materials by mass, adding styrene accounting for 10.5-14% of the raw materials by mass and an initiator accounting for 0.4-0.6% of the raw materials by mass after ultrasonic oscillation for 5-20 minutes, introducing nitrogen, and stirring for 20-40 minutes by a magnetic rotor to obtain a mixed solution;

reacting the mixed solution for 1.1 to 1.3 hours at 69 to 72 ℃ under the conditions of stirring speed of 40 to 200rpm and nitrogen introduction; then styrene accounting for 10.5-14% of the mass percent of the raw materials and a solvent accounting for 34-38.3% of the mass percent of the raw materials are added into the reacted mixed solution, and the reaction is continued for 22-24 hours;

and washing after the reaction is finished, and obtaining the micron-sized polystyrene microspheres in batches.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid surfactant is refined from Triton X-305, Triton X-100 and hydroquinone.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the refining is by: dissolving hydroquinone in absolute ethyl alcohol to prepare hydroquinone solution with the mass fraction of 5%; mixing a 5% hydroquinone solution with Triton X-305 and Triton X-100 according to a mass ratio of 3: (5-6): (2-1) mixing, vortexing, treating with 100 Hz ultrasonic wave for 10 min, and distilling in 45-50 deg.C water bath under reduced pressure until no alcohol smell is produced.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid stabilizer is PVP, and the molecular weight of PVP is 36000-55000.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the initiator is azobisisovaleronitrile, azobisisobutyronitrile, or a mixture of azobisisovaleronitrile and azobisisobutyronitrile alone.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the mixture of azobisisovaleronitrile and azobisisobutyronitrile has a mass ratio of azobisisovaleronitrile to azobisisobutyronitrile of (3-8): (7-2).

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the solvent consists of absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, and the mass ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol is 90-100%.

8. The process of claim 1, wherein the additional styrene and solvent are mixed prior to addition, warmed to 69-72 ℃, purged with nitrogen and magnetically stirred.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the washing after the reaction is specifically: naturally settling the microspheres for 12-14 hours, and pouring the upper-layer liquid; washing with ethanol/deionized water, settling again, and repeating for 3 times to obtain micrometer polystyrene microsphere;

or placing the microsphere mixed solution after reaction in a centrifuge tube, washing with the mixed solution of absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, pouring the upper layer solution after 3800 revolutions by using a centrifuge, and repeating for 3 times to obtain the micron-sized polystyrene microspheres.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the volume ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the deionized water in the mixed solution of the absolute ethyl alcohol and the deionized water is 2:8-4: 6.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a synthesis method of micron-sized polystyrene microspheres, in particular to a preparation method for synthesizing hundreds of grams to thousands of grams of polystyrene microspheres at one time, belonging to the field of in vitro diagnosis consumable synthesis processes.

Background

The microsphere in the invention is characterized in that the particle size is between hundreds of nanometers and dozens of micrometers, polystyrene and the like are generally used as materials, and the microsphere is an important consumable material applied to the field of in vitro diagnosis and is also called as a latex ball.

The polystyrene microspheres play an extremely important role in latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetry, chemiluminescence immunoassay, lateral flow immunochromatography, liquid chip, flow quality control, nucleic acid extraction (magnetic bead method), gene sequencing and the like. Worldwide demand for microspheres is as high as $ 400 billion per year, and china has become a global major market for microsphere consumption. However, today's microspheres are mainly supplied by Thermo-Fisher, Bangs Laboratory, JSR Life Sciences, Merk, sphereotech, etc., and the existing quality control and calibration products are monopolized by large foreign companies, and are extremely expensive. Taking the relative price of the product of Spherotech as an example, the price of 1ml of microspheres is up to one thousand RMB, and the content of microspheres therein is about 1%. Although related similar products exist in domestic companies, the performance of the product is far behind that of a product imported from abroad, the product is relatively single and cannot meet the existing use, and particularly, high-quality microspheres are lacking.

In recent years, throughout the development of in-vitro diagnosis microspheres in China, many laboratories and companies can synthesize polystyrene microspheres with good uniformity in small batches, but the single yield is generally between several grams and dozens of grams, and the large-batch preparation cannot lead to the fact that the industrialization progress of the microspheres in China is always stopped and cannot be really applied. When the dispersion polymerization method is used for preparing the microspheres on a large scale, the dispersion polymerization method is generally only suitable for preparing the microspheres with the particle size of less than 3 microns, when the particle size exceeds 3 microns, the variation coefficient of the dispersion polymerization method is difficult to control within 5 percent, and the dispersion polymerization method cannot be used for preparing the microspheres with the high quality of 3.5-4 microns. The large-scale preparation of the microspheres has high requirements on reaction substances, reaction equipment and reaction conditions, and hundreds of grams to kilograms of microspheres can be prepared at one time only by innovatively changing a plurality of process parameters and changing the traditional preparation thought, so that the raw material cost and the labor cost of the microspheres are reduced as far as possible on the premise of ensuring the quality.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for synthesizing micron-sized polystyrene microspheres, wherein a polymerization inhibitor hydroquinone-containing surfactant is used in the preparation. The method can synthesize the polystyrene microspheres with the grain diameter of 3.5-4 microns in batch at one time, and the prepared microspheres have good uniformity and the coefficient of variation (Cv value) of less than 5 percent. The process is simple in preparation, high in safety and good in stability, and brings great change to the commercial production of microsphere consumables in the field of in vitro diagnosis.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for synthesizing micron-sized polystyrene microspheres comprises the following steps:

styrene, a liquid surfactant, a solid stabilizer, an initiator and a solvent are taken as raw materials, and the total mass of the raw materials is controlled to be 0.25-5 kg;

mixing a solvent accounting for 34-38.3% of the raw materials by mass, a liquid surfactant accounting for 0.5-1.0% of the raw materials by mass and a solid stabilizer accounting for 1.5-2.5% of the raw materials by mass, adding styrene accounting for 10.5-14% of the raw materials by mass and an initiator accounting for 0.4-0.6% of the raw materials by mass after ultrasonic oscillation for 5-20 minutes, introducing nitrogen, and stirring for 20-40 minutes by a magnetic rotor to obtain a mixed solution;

reacting the mixed solution for 1.1 to 1.3 hours at 69 to 72 ℃ under the conditions of stirring speed of 40 to 200rpm and nitrogen introduction; then styrene accounting for 10.5-14% of the mass percent of the raw materials and a solvent accounting for 34-38.3% of the mass percent of the raw materials are added into the reacted mixed solution, the reaction is continued for 22-24 hours, wherein the nitrogen stops after the reaction is carried out for 2 hours;

and washing after the reaction is finished, and obtaining the micron-sized polystyrene microspheres in batches.

Preferably, the liquid surfactant is prepared by refining Triton X-305, Triton X-100 and hydroquinone as raw materials.

More preferably, the refining method comprises the following steps: dissolving hydroquinone in absolute ethyl alcohol to prepare hydroquinone solution with the mass fraction of 5%; mixing a 5% hydroquinone solution with Triton X-305 and Triton X-100 according to a mass ratio of 3: (5-6): (2-1) mixing, vortexing, treating with 100 Hz ultrasonic wave for 10 min, and distilling in 45-50 deg.C water bath under reduced pressure until no alcohol smell is produced.

Preferably, the solid stabilizer is polypropylene pyrrolidone (PVP), and the molecular weight of the PVP is 36000-55000.

Preferably, the initiator is Azobisisovaleronitrile (AMBN), Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) alone or a mixture of azobisisovaleronitrile and azobisisobutyronitrile.

More preferably, in the mixture of azobisisovaleronitrile and azobisisobutyronitrile, the mass ratio of the azobisisovaleronitrile to the azobisisobutyronitrile is (3-8): (7-2).

Preferably, the solvent consists of absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, wherein the mass ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol is 90-100%.

Preferably, the additional styrene and solvent are mixed prior to addition, warmed to 69-72 ℃, purged with nitrogen and magnetically stirred.

Preferably, after the reaction is finished, the washing is specifically as follows: naturally settling the microspheres for 12-14 hours, and pouring the upper-layer liquid; washing with ethanol/deionized water, settling again, and repeating for 3 times to obtain micrometer polystyrene microsphere;

or placing the microsphere mixed solution after reaction in a centrifuge tube, washing with the mixed solution of absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, pouring the upper layer solution after 3800 revolutions by using a centrifuge, and repeating for 3 times to obtain the micron-sized polystyrene microspheres.

More preferably, in the mixed solution of the absolute ethyl alcohol and the deionized water, the volume ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the deionized water is 2:8-4: 6.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the preparation process of the invention is simple and convenient, and kilogram-level microspheres with the particle size of 2-4 microns, especially microspheres with the particle size of 3-4 microns, can be synthesized in batch at one time. The traditional two-step dispersion polymerization method is more suitable for preparing microspheres with the particle size of less than 3.0 microns in small batches, and the invention adopts refined liquid surfactant (containing a small amount of hydroquinone) to prepare the microspheres with smaller variation coefficient and larger particle size; compared with the preparation process of a seed swelling method, the method has the advantages that the preparation process is more efficient, the seed microspheres with small particle sizes are not needed to be used as reaction substrates, the preparation method is simpler and more convenient, and the production cost is lower.

(2) The particle size of the microsphere prepared by the invention is more controllable, and the microsphere with the particle size of 2-4 microns can be prepared by adjusting the quality of the styrene, the solvent and the initiator, so that the microsphere with different purposes and different particle sizes can be synthesized by one set of equipment, and the production line cost is reduced.

(3) The microspheres prepared by the method have good quality, the coefficient of variation (Cv value) of the microspheres is controlled to be less than 5%, the Cv of the microspheres in a part of batches is controlled to be less than 3%, and the technical requirements of liquid phase chips, flow detection and the like are completely met. The mass of the microspheres synthesized by the traditional laboratory dispersion polymerization method is generally below 100 g, and the quality and quantity requirements of commodity use cannot be met.

(4) The washing method involved in the invention is simple and convenient, two washing and purifying modes of speed and speed are provided according to different requirements, and the quality of the prepared microspheres can be improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1: the SEM morphology and coefficient of variation (3.0 microns) of the microspheres prepared in example 1 of the invention;

FIG. 2: the SEM morphology and the coefficient of variation (3.5 microns) of the microspheres prepared in example 2 of the invention;

FIG. 3: the SEM morphology and coefficient of variation (3.9 microns) of the microspheres prepared in example 3 of the invention;

FIG. 4: the polystyrene microspheres with 3 particle sizes (3.0 microns, 3.5 microns and 3.9 microns) prepared by the invention;

FIG. 5: the microspheres prepared in example 1 of the present invention are washed and dried;

FIG. 6: the SEM morphology and coefficient of variation of the microspheres prepared in comparative example 1;

FIG. 7: the SEM morphology and coefficient of variation of the microspheres prepared in comparative example 2;

FIG. 8: the SEM morphology and coefficient of variation of the microspheres prepared in comparative example 3;

FIG. 9: the SEM morphology and coefficient of variation of the microspheres prepared in comparative example 4.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

As described in the background section, the preparation of micron-sized polystyrene microspheres has the following technical problems: (1) the micron-sized microspheres have relatively large particle size, so that sedimentation and agglomeration are very easy to occur, and the size and monodispersity of the microspheres are difficult to control; (2) the single output is between several grams and dozens of grams, the production of the microspheres cannot be linearly amplified, and the large-batch preparation is difficult.

Based on the method, the invention provides a method for preparing micron-sized polystyrene microspheres, which can prepare the microspheres in large batch. The invention adopts a dispersion polymerization method to prepare the micron-sized polystyrene microspheres in batches. The dispersion polymerization is a method of dissolving monomers, an initiator, a dispersant and the like in a proper solvent, initiating a reaction of a system under the action of the initiator, and forming a polymerization product into particles which can be stably suspended in the solvent under the action of the dispersant. In the reaction process, the early stage of polymerization occurs in the solution, and when the reaction is carried out to a certain degree in the later stage, the chain polymer reaches a certain length and is separated out from the solution to form stable small particles suspended in the medium. At the same time, the active center of the polymer growth is converted from the solvent to small particles, and the microspheres continue to grow until stable.

However, there is no unified view in the research on the mechanism related to the dispersion polymerization, namely, 32429; in addition, the micron-sized polystyrene microspheres prepared by the dispersion polymerization method are mostly prepared in laboratories, the preparation conditions in different laboratories have larger difference, and the difficulty in converting the laboratory preparation into large-scale batch production is larger.

In order to realize one-time batch synthesis of kilogram-level polystyrene microspheres, the invention takes styrene, a liquid surfactant, a solid stabilizer, an initiator and a solvent as raw materials, and the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass:

21 to 28 percent of styrene, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of liquid surfactant, 1.5 to 2.5 percent of solid stabilizer, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of initiator and 68 to 76.6 percent of solvent.

The total mass of the raw materials is controlled to be 0.25-5 kg.

The technical solution of the invention is as follows: dissolving a liquid surfactant, a solid stabilizer, styrene and an initiator in a solvent, carrying out proper ultrasonic and magnetic stirring and nitrogen introduction and oxygen removal treatment, placing in a water bath environment at 68-74 ℃, generating free radicals through the initiator so as to promote styrene polymerization, generating oligomers, interweaving the oligomers into cores, and absorbing the styrene and the liquid surfactant in the solution to grow into the micron-sized polystyrene microspheres.

Wherein, the styrene and the solvent are added in a plurality of times, and the styrene and the solvent are supplemented after the reaction for a period of time. The research of the invention finds that for the batch production of the micron-sized polystyrene microspheres, the reaction raw materials of the styrene and the solvent are added in two times, compared with the whole addition in one time, the agglomeration is avoided in the preparation process, and the conversion rate of the raw materials is improved.

In addition, in order to realize one-time batch synthesis of kilogram-level polystyrene microspheres, the technical scheme of the invention is also characterized by selection and addition of the liquid surfactant. The prior dispersion polymerization method for preparing polystyrene microspheres generally takes styrene as a reaction monomer, PVP as a dispersant, azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator and ethanol or ethanol/deionized water as a solvent; it is rare to add a surfactant to the raw material (or to add only a small amount of surfactant). In the test process, the polystyrene microspheres are prepared by carrying out dispersion polymerization by using the prior styrene, PVP, azodiisobutyronitrile and solvent as raw materials, and the result shows that the microsphere product with the weight of less than 30 g can be synthesized by adopting the prior method at one time, but when the production scale is enlarged to synthesize kilogram-level microsphere products at one time, the prepared microspheres have different particle sizes, the coefficient of variation (Cv) is high, and the conversion rate of the raw materials is low.

In contrast, the present invention attempts to add a surfactant to the raw material for microsphere preparation, which is different from the general surfactants: the liquid surfactant is added, and is prepared by mixing, whirling, ultrasonic treatment, distillation and the like of Triton X-305, Triton X-100 and hydroquinone (polymerization inhibitor). As a result, it has been unexpectedly found that by adding such a refined liquid surfactant, the uniformity of particle size of the produced microspheres is improved when kilogram-scale microsphere products are synthesized at a time. Therefore, starting from the surfactant, the invention further optimizes the design of the surfactant to finally obtain the liquid surfactant suitable for batch synthesis of the polystyrene microspheres.

For reasons of obtaining better results, the invention makes conjectures from a principle point of view: compared with the traditional preparation method, the invention uses the refined products of Triton305, Triton 100 and hydroquinone as the surfactant, especially the using amount and using mode of hydroquinone as the polymerization inhibitor. Hydroquinone is a polymerization inhibitor for preventing the polymerization of styrene, and is generally removed by using an over-alkaline column or a reduced pressure distillation mode when purifying the styrene, and theoretically, the hydroquinone cannot be used for preparing the polystyrene microspheres. However, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies and found that, when polystyrene microspheres of over kilogram grade are prepared, the addition of hydroquinone in a certain amount in this way can improve the quality (coefficient of variation and normalization rate) of the microspheres. This is probably because the production of polystyrene microspheres in kilogram scale requires a large reaction vessel (apparatus), and the temperature provided by the water bath or oil bath cannot ensure that the temperature is kept the same in every place of the reaction vessel (for example, the temperature at the edge and the center of the reaction vessel must be different), which may result in inconsistent polymerization degree of the raw material styrene under the action of the initiator, and finally, the particle size of the formed microspheres is not uniform, and the variation coefficient is too large to be applied. Before the reaction, Triton X-305, Triton X-100 and hydroquinone are mixed according to a proportion, a small amount of hydroquinone can be uniformly dispersed in Triton surfactant and ethanol through vortex uniform mixing and ultrasonic cavitation, and the ethanol is removed through reduced pressure distillation, so that the refined product of the surfactant is finally obtained. In the preparation of polystyrene microspheres, the addition of the surfactant treated in the way can effectively reduce the variation coefficient of the microspheres and improve the conversion rate of the microspheres. A small amount of hydroquinone can not cause styrene to be incapable of polymerizing at 70 ℃, but can reduce the polymerization speed, so that the whole reaction is slowed down, more time is provided for heat conduction to a certain extent, the difference of each part in the center of the solution is smaller, and the coefficient of variation of the finally generated microspheres is lower. In addition, hydroquinone is not added into a reaction system independently, but is fully mixed with Triton X-305 and Triton X-100 in ethanol, and the hydroquinone and the Triton are combined more tightly by using the ultrasonic action, so that the hydroquinone can play a greater role when the Triton is adsorbed around a styrene core. The invention also tries to add the polymerization inhibitor hydroquinone into the reaction system separately, and multiple experiments prove that the effect is poor.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the polystyrene microsphere comprises the following specific steps:

(1) dissolving liquid surfactants (refined by Triton305, Triton 100 and hydroquinone), polyvinylpyrrolidone, styrene and azobisisovaleronitrile with different masses in a mixed solution of ethanol and water; wherein the mass of the liquid surfactant is 1.25-50 g, the mass of the polyvinylpyrrolidone is 3.75-125 g, the mass of the styrene is 26.25-700 g, the mass of the azodiisovaleronitrile is 1.0-30 g, and the mass of the solvent (ethanol mixed with water) is 85-1965.05 g.

(2) After the mixed solution is subjected to ultrasonic oscillation for 10-20 minutes, nitrogen is introduced to remove oxygen for 30-60 minutes under the magnetic stirring of 100-200rpm, and then the mixed solution is placed in a reaction kettle (with a water bath at 68-72 ℃) to start reaction. The rotating speed of the reaction kettle is set to be 40-120 revolutions, nitrogen is continuously introduced during the rotating speed, and the reaction lasts for 50-70 minutes.

(3) During the preparation, 26.25-700 g of styrene and 85-1965.05 g of solvent (ethanol is mixed with water) are prepared, and the mixture is added into a reaction kettle after being magnetically stirred, nitrogen is introduced, oxygen is removed for 30-50 minutes.

(4) The temperature of the reaction kettle is controlled at 72 ℃, the reaction is stopped after the reaction is continued for 20 to 28 hours, and the introduction of nitrogen is stopped after the reaction is continued for 2 hours. Washing with ethanol-water mixture for several times, centrifuging, pouring the upper solution, and standing the microsphere solid in a vacuum drying oven for 24-48 hr.

The nitrogen is introduced to remove oxygen in the primary stage of the reaction, and can be removed after the reaction is stable, if the nitrogen is introduced, the resources are wasted, and excessive ethanol can be taken away by the nitrogen, so that the volume of the reaction is reduced, and the reaction can be influenced to a certain extent.

The invention aims to overcome the technical problem that the prior art can not prepare the polystyrene microspheres with the diameters of 2 to 4 microns on a large scale, and particularly realizes the following 3 breakthroughs: (1) the polystyrene microsphere with good uniformity and low coefficient of variation (Cv < 5%) is stably produced by simple and convenient process and equipment; (2) the particle size of the prepared microspheres can be flexibly controlled within 2-4 micrometers (particularly 3.5-4 micrometers) by simply adjusting the preparation process, so that the production of microspheres with various particle sizes is solved by one set of overall scheme; (3) the production cost and the labor cost are reduced, the conversion rate of the microspheres is improved in the preparation process, most (more than 85 percent) of raw materials are converted into target products, and the problem of low conversion rate (generally below 80 percent) caused by agglomeration in other processes at present is avoided.

In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. If the experimental conditions not specified in the examples are specified, the conditions are generally conventional or recommended by the reagent company; reagents, consumables, and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

Example 1:

preparation of 3.0 micron polystyrene microspheres:

dissolving hydroquinone in absolute ethyl alcohol to prepare hydroquinone solution with the mass fraction of 5%. Mixing 5% hydroquinone solution with Triton X-305 and Triton X-100 at a mass ratio of 3:6:1, vortexing, performing action under 100 Hz ultrasonic wave for 10 min, performing reduced pressure distillation in water bath at 45-50 deg.C until all ethanol is evaporated, and refining to obtain liquid surfactant.

3.53 g of a liquid surfactant, 10 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (molecular weight 55000) and 190 g of a 98% ethanol solution were weighed into a flask, subjected to ultrasonic oscillation for 10 minutes, and then 62.5 g of styrene and 2.51 g of an initiator (azobisisovaleronitrile/azobisisovaleronitrile mass ratio of 7:3) were added, mixed and stirred magnetically (100rpm), and then deoxygenated by introducing nitrogen gas for 30 minutes. During which a Fisco-2s (Shanghai Franke science and technology development Co., Ltd.) water bath was controlled at 71 deg.C and a warming water bath was started. And adding the mixed solution after stirring and deoxidizing into a Fisco-2s reaction kettle, stirring for 1 hour at 60 revolutions, and introducing nitrogen into the reaction kettle to deoxidize. During this time, 62.5 g of styrene and 190 g of a 98% ethanol solution were weighed out, deoxygenated by passing nitrogen and preheated in an oil bath at 71-73 ℃ for 30 minutes as a make-up. After the reaction kettle reacts for 1 hour, the supplementary liquid is slowly led into the reaction kettle, and nitrogen is introduced to continue the reaction for 24 hours; the nitrogen was stopped after 2h of further reaction. After the reaction is finished, when the white microsphere solid is gradually deposited to the bottom, pouring the upper layer liquid, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, an ethanol/pure water mixed solution (the volume ratio is 3:2) and an ethanol/pure water mixed solution (the volume ratio is 2:3) in sequence, and pouring out the upper layer liquid after natural sedimentation. And finally, placing the microsphere/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed solution in a vacuum drying oven for 36 hours to obtain a microsphere solid. The prepared microspheres are characterized by using a scanning electron microscope, and the morphology and the particle size of the microspheres are evaluated; the coefficient of variation (Cv value) of the microspheres was determined using a beckmann dual laser flow cytometer and the results are shown in figure 1. The prepared microspheres are shown in FIG. 4, and the dried microspheres are shown in FIG. 5.

Example 2:

preparation of 3.5 micron polystyrene microspheres:

dissolving hydroquinone in absolute ethyl alcohol to prepare hydroquinone solution with the mass fraction of 5%. Mixing 5% hydroquinone solution with Triton X-305 and Triton X-100 at a mass ratio of 3:5:2, vortexing, performing action under 100 Hz ultrasonic wave for 10 min, performing reduced pressure distillation in water bath at 45-50 deg.C until all ethanol is evaporated, and refining to obtain liquid surfactant.

3.8 g of a liquid surfactant, 10 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (molecular weight 55000) and 180 g of absolute ethanol were weighed into a flask, subjected to ultrasonic oscillation for 5 minutes, and then 2.51 g of azobisisovaleronitrile and 65.5 g of styrene were added, mixed by magnetic stirring (100rpm), and deoxygenated by introducing nitrogen gas for 30 minutes. During this period, a Fisco-2s (Shanghai Franke science and technology development Co., Ltd.) water bath was controlled at 72-73 deg.C, and the temperature of the water bath was increased. And adding the mixed solution after stirring and deoxidizing into a Fisco-2s reaction kettle, stirring for 1 hour at 60 revolutions, and introducing nitrogen into the reaction kettle to deoxidize. During this period, 65.5 g of styrene and 180 g of absolute ethanol were weighed, deoxygenated by introducing nitrogen and preheated in an oil bath at 71-73 ℃ for 30 minutes as a make-up solution. After the reaction kettle reacts for 65 minutes, the supplementary liquid is slowly led into the reaction kettle, and nitrogen is introduced to continue the reaction for 24 hours; the nitrogen was stopped after 2h of further reaction. After the reaction is finished, when the white microsphere solid is gradually deposited to the bottom, pouring the upper layer liquid, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, an ethanol/pure water mixed solution (the volume ratio is 3:2) and an ethanol/pure water mixed solution (the volume ratio is 2:3) in sequence, and pouring out the upper layer liquid after natural sedimentation. And finally, placing the microsphere/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed solution in a vacuum drying oven for 36 hours to obtain a microsphere solid. The prepared microspheres are characterized by using a scanning electron microscope, and the morphology and the particle size of the microspheres are evaluated; the coefficient of variation (Cv value) of the microspheres was determined using a beckmann dual laser flow cytometer and the results are shown in fig. 2. The microspheres prepared are shown in FIG. 4.

Example 3:

preparation of 3.9 micron polystyrene microspheres:

dissolving hydroquinone in absolute ethyl alcohol to prepare hydroquinone solution with the mass fraction of 5%. Mixing 5% hydroquinone solution with Triton X-305 and Triton X-100 at a mass ratio of 3:5:2, vortexing, performing action under 100 Hz ultrasonic wave for 10 min, performing reduced pressure distillation in water bath at 45-50 deg.C until all ethanol is evaporated, and refining to obtain liquid surfactant.

50 g of liquid surfactant, 125 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (molecular weight 55000), 1965.05 g of absolute ethanol are weighed into a flask, the mixture is subjected to ultrasonic oscillation for 5 minutes, then 30 g of azobisisovaleronitrile and 700 g of styrene are added, magnetic stirring (100rpm) is carried out, and nitrogen is introduced to remove oxygen for 30 minutes. During this period, a Fisco-3s (Shanghai Franke science and technology development Co., Ltd.) water bath was controlled at 72-73 deg.C, and the temperature of the water bath was increased. And adding the mixed solution after stirring and deoxidizing into a Fisco-2s reaction kettle, stirring for 1 hour at 60 revolutions, and introducing nitrogen into the reaction kettle to deoxidize. During this time, 700 g of styrene and 1965.05 g of absolute ethanol were weighed, deoxygenated by introducing nitrogen and preheated in an oil bath at 71-73 ℃ for 30 minutes as a make-up. After the reaction kettle reacts for 65 minutes, the supplementary liquid is slowly led into the reaction kettle, and nitrogen is introduced to continue the reaction for 24 hours; the nitrogen was stopped after 2h of further reaction. After the reaction is finished, when the white microsphere solid is gradually deposited to the bottom, pouring the upper layer liquid, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, an ethanol/pure water mixed solution (the volume ratio is 3:2) and an ethanol/pure water mixed solution (the volume ratio is 2:3) in sequence, and pouring out the upper layer liquid after natural sedimentation. And finally, placing the microsphere/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed solution in a vacuum drying oven for 36 hours to obtain a microsphere solid. The prepared microspheres are characterized by using a scanning electron microscope, and the morphology and the particle size of the microspheres are evaluated; the coefficient of variation (Cv value) of the microspheres was determined using a beckmann dual laser flow cytometer, and the results are shown in fig. 3. The microspheres prepared are shown in FIG. 4.

Comparative example 1:

first, 3.53 g of Triton X-305, 10 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (molecular weight 55000), 380 g of 98% ethanol solution were weighed into a flask, sonicated for 10 minutes, and then 125 g of styrene and 2.51 g of initiator (azobisisovaleronitrile/azobisisovaleronitrile mass ratio of 7:3) were added, mixed and magnetically stirred (100rpm), and deoxygenated with nitrogen for 30 minutes. During which a Fisco-2s (Shanghai Franke science and technology development Co., Ltd.) water bath was controlled at 71 deg.C and a warming water bath was started. And adding the mixed solution after stirring and deoxygenation into a Fisco-2s reaction kettle, stirring for 1 hour at 60 revolutions, introducing nitrogen into the reaction kettle to deoxygenate, and continuing to react for 24 hours. After the reaction is finished, when the white microsphere solid is gradually deposited to the bottom, pouring the upper layer liquid, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, an ethanol/pure water mixed solution (the volume ratio is 3:2) and an ethanol/pure water mixed solution (the volume ratio is 2:3) in sequence, and pouring out the upper layer liquid after natural sedimentation. And finally, placing the microsphere/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed solution in a vacuum drying oven for 36 hours to obtain a microsphere solid. The prepared microspheres are characterized by the form and the particle size by using a scanning electron microscope; the uniformity of the microspheres was evaluated by measuring the coefficient of variation (Cv value) of the microspheres using a beckmann dual laser flow cytometer, and the results are shown in fig. 6.

Comparative example 2:

first, 3.8 g of Triton X-305, 10 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (molecular weight 55000), 360 g of absolute ethanol were weighed into a flask, sonicated for 5 minutes, and then 2.51 g of azobisisovaleronitrile and 131 g of styrene were added, mixed by magnetic stirring (100rpm), and deoxygenated with nitrogen for 30 minutes. During this period, a Fisco-2s (Shanghai Franke science and technology development Co., Ltd.) water bath was controlled at 72-73 deg.C, and the temperature of the water bath was increased. And adding the mixed solution after stirring and deoxygenation into a Fisco-2s reaction kettle, stirring for 1 hour at 60 revolutions, introducing nitrogen into the reaction kettle to deoxygenate, and continuing to react for 24 hours. After the reaction is finished, when the white microsphere solid is gradually deposited to the bottom, pouring the upper layer liquid, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, an ethanol/pure water mixed solution (the volume ratio is 3:2) and an ethanol/pure water mixed solution (the volume ratio is 2:3) in sequence, and pouring out the upper layer liquid after natural sedimentation. And finally, placing the microsphere/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed solution in a vacuum drying oven for 36 hours to obtain a microsphere solid. The prepared microspheres were characterized using a scanning electron microscope; the uniformity of the microspheres was evaluated by measuring the coefficient of variation (Cv value) of the microspheres using a beckmann dual laser flow cytometer, and the results are shown in fig. 7.

Comparative example 3:

125 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (molecular weight 55000), 1965.05 g of absolute ethanol are weighed into a flask, the flask is ultrasonically shaken for 5 minutes, then 30 g of azobisisovaleronitrile and 700 g of styrene are added, magnetic stirring (100rpm) is carried out, and nitrogen is introduced to remove oxygen for 30 minutes. During this period, a Fisco-3s (Shanghai Franke science and technology development Co., Ltd.) water bath was controlled at 72-73 deg.C, and the temperature of the water bath was increased. And adding the mixed solution after stirring and deoxidizing into a Fisco-2s reaction kettle, stirring for 1 hour at 60 revolutions, and introducing nitrogen into the reaction kettle to deoxidize. During this time, 700 g of styrene and 1965.05 g of absolute ethanol were weighed, deoxygenated by introducing nitrogen and preheated in an oil bath at 71-73 ℃ for 30 minutes as a make-up. After the reaction in the reaction kettle is carried out for 65 minutes, the make-up solution is slowly introduced into the reaction kettle, and the reaction is continued for 24 hours by introducing nitrogen. After the reaction is finished, when the white microsphere solid is gradually deposited to the bottom, pouring the upper layer liquid, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, an ethanol/pure water mixed solution (the volume ratio is 3:2) and an ethanol/pure water mixed solution (the volume ratio is 2:3) in sequence, and pouring out the upper layer liquid after natural sedimentation. And finally, placing the microsphere/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed solution in a vacuum drying oven for 36 hours to obtain a microsphere solid. The prepared microspheres were characterized using a scanning electron microscope; the uniformity of the microspheres was evaluated by measuring the coefficient of variation (Cv value) of the microspheres using a beckmann double laser flow cytometer, and the results are shown in fig. 8.

Comparative example 4:

50 g of Triton305 and Span 60 (mass ratio: 9:1), 125 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (molecular weight 55000) and 1965.05 g of absolute ethanol were weighed into a flask, subjected to ultrasonic oscillation for 5 minutes, then 30 g of azobisisovaleronitrile and 700 g of styrene were added, mixed and magnetically stirred (100rpm), and deoxygenated by introducing nitrogen gas for 30 minutes. During this period, a Fisco-2s (Shanghai Franke science and technology development Co., Ltd.) water bath was controlled at 72-73 deg.C, and the temperature of the water bath was increased. And adding the mixed solution after stirring and deoxidizing into a Fisco-3s reaction kettle, stirring for 1 hour at 60 revolutions, and introducing nitrogen into the reaction kettle to deoxidize. During this time, 700 g of styrene and 1965.05 g of absolute ethanol were weighed, deoxygenated by introducing nitrogen and preheated in an oil bath at 71-73 ℃ for 30 minutes as a make-up. After the reaction in the reaction kettle is carried out for 65 minutes, the make-up solution is slowly introduced into the reaction kettle, and the reaction is continued for 24 hours by introducing nitrogen. After the reaction is finished, when the white microsphere solid is gradually deposited to the bottom, pouring the upper layer liquid, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, an ethanol/pure water mixed solution (the volume ratio is 3:2) and an ethanol/pure water mixed solution (the volume ratio is 2:3) in sequence, and pouring out the upper layer liquid after natural sedimentation. And finally, placing the microsphere/absolute ethyl alcohol mixed solution in a vacuum drying oven for 36 hours to obtain a microsphere solid. The prepared microspheres were characterized using a scanning electron microscope; the uniformity of the microspheres was evaluated by measuring the coefficient of variation (Cv value) of the microspheres using a beckmann double laser flow cytometer, and the results are shown in fig. 9.

The average particle diameter, the coefficient of variation and the conversion rate of the polystyrene microspheres prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were measured, and the results are shown in table 1.

Table 1:

source of microspheres	Average particle diameter (μm)	Coefficient of variation	Conversion (%)
				Example 1	3.0	1.3	89％
Example 2	3.5	3.1	85％
				Example 3	3.9	4.2	83％
Comparative example 1	3.0	7.7	70％
				Comparative example 2	3.1	8.4	68％
Comparative example 3	3.2	8.8	64％
				Comparative example 4	3.1	>10	50％

The calculation formula of "conversion" in the table is as follows:

the above results show that: the method can synthesize the polystyrene microspheres with the grain diameter of 3.5-4 microns in batch at one time, and the prepared microspheres have good uniformity and the coefficient of variation (Cv value) of less than 5 percent.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.