阅读说明：本技术 用于捣固轨道的轨枕的捣固单元和方法 (Tamping unit and method for tamping sleepers of a track ) 是由 R·伯克 于 2019-08-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于捣固轨道的轨枕(5)下方的材料的捣固单元(1),该捣固单元具有工具载架(6),该工具载架在组件框架(2)上安装为使得其能够下降,并且在该工具载架上围绕相应的枢转轴线(12)可旋转地安装具有捣固工具(15)的两个枢转杆(11),使得枢转杆(11)能够相对于彼此调节并且使得能够将振动施加到枢转杆,其中至少一个枢转杆(11)配属有传感器(16),用于感测围绕相关联的枢转轴线(12)的枢转运动(21)的枢转角。传感器(16)由多个部分构成,其中第一传感器部分(18)紧固到工具载架(6),并且第二传感器部分(19)紧固到枢转杆(11)。(The invention relates to a tamping unit (1) for tamping material below sleepers (5) of a track, having a tool carrier (6) which is mounted on an assembly frame (2) such that it can be lowered and on which two pivot rods (11) with tamping tools (15) are rotatably mounted about respective pivot axes (12) such that the pivot rods (11) can be adjusted relative to one another and such that vibrations can be applied thereto, wherein at least one pivot rod (11) is assigned a sensor (16) for sensing the pivot angle of a pivot movement (21) about the associated pivot axis (12). The sensor (16) is made up of a plurality of parts, wherein a first sensor part (18) is fastened to the tool carrier (6) and a second sensor part (19) is fastened to the pivot lever (11).)

1. A tamping unit (1) for tamping sleepers (5) of a track, the tamping unit comprising a tool carrier (6), the tool carrier is supported on the assembly frame (2) in a lowerable manner, two pivoting levers (11) with tamping tools (15) are mounted on the tool carrier (6) so as to be able to be fed towards one another, and the pivot levers actuated by vibration can be rotated about a respective axis of rotation (12), wherein a sensor (16) for registering the pivot angle of a pivoting movement (21) about an associated axis of rotation (12) is associated with at least one pivoting lever (11), characterized in that the sensor (16) is of multipart design, a first sensor part (18) being fastened to the tool carrier (6), and a second sensor portion (19) is fastened to the pivot lever (11).

2. Tamping unit (1) according to claim 1, wherein said first sensor portion (18) comprises active electronic components (22, 24, 26, 32, 33) and said second sensor portion (19) comprises only passive components (23) without any power supply.

3. Tamping unit (1) according to claim 2, wherein said first sensor portion (18) comprises a magnetic sensor (22) and said second sensor portion (19) comprises a permanent magnet (23).

4. Tamping unit (1) according to any of the claims 1 to 3, wherein said first sensor portion (18) comprises a motion sensor (26).

5. Tamping unit (1) according to claim 4, wherein said motion sensor (26) is configured as an integrated part.

6. Tamping unit (1) according to claim 4 or 5, wherein said motion sensor (26) comprises three acceleration sensors and three gyroscopes.

7. Tamping unit (1) according to any of the claims 1 to 6, wherein said first sensor portion (18) comprises a microcontroller (24).

8. Tamping unit (1) according to any of the claims 1 to 7, wherein said first sensor portion (18) has a circuit board (25), said circuit board (25) being arranged in a sealed housing (30) and cast in a protective medium.

9. Tamping unit (1) according to claim 8, wherein a serial interface (27) is arranged on said circuit board (25).

10. Tamping unit (1) according to claim 9, wherein said serial interface (27) has plug contacts for connecting a data cable.

11. Tamping unit (1) according to any of the claims 1 to 10, wherein said first sensor portion (18) has a bus interface (28), in particular a CAN interface.

12. Tamping unit (1) according to claim 11, wherein said bus interface (28) is connected to a bus cable (29), said bus cable (29) being guided out of the housing (30) of the first sensor portion (18) through a sealed passage.

13. Tamping unit (1) according to any of the claims 1 to 12, wherein said first sensor portion (18) has a temperature sensor (32).

14. A method for operating a tamper unit (1) according to any one of claims 1-13, characterized in that measurement data or measurement signals of the sensor (16) are transmitted to a control device (17), and at least one drive (8, 9, 10) of the tamper unit (1) is controlled by the control device (17) in accordance with the measurement data or measurement signals.

15. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that during the calibration process of the sensor (16) the tamper unit (1) in the raised state is operated in a preset sequence of movements.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a tamping unit for tamping a sleeper of a track, comprising a tool carrier which is supported on an assembly frame in a lowerable manner and on which two pivot rods with tamping tools are mounted so as to be able to be fed towards one another and are rotatable about respective axes of rotation by means of a vibration-actuated pivot rod, wherein a sensor for registering the pivot angle of the pivoting movement about the associated axis of rotation is associated with at least one of the pivot rods. The invention also relates to a method of operating a tamping unit.

Background

In order to restore or maintain the predetermined track position, the track with the ballast bed is regularly treated by means of a tamping machine. During this time, the tamper travels on the track and lifts the track section (gleisross) formed by the sleepers and the rails to the target level by means of the track lifting/lining unit. The new rail position is fixed by tamping the sleepers by means of a tamping unit. During the tamping process, tamping tools (tamping picks) actuated by vibration penetrate into the ballast bed between the sleepers and compact the ballast under the respective sleeper by feeding the relatively positioned tamping tools towards each other. In this case, the feed movement and the superimposed vibration movement follow an optimized movement pattern in order to achieve the best possible compaction result of the ballast bed. It has been shown that a vibration frequency of, for example, 35Hz is optimal during the feeding process. For precise movement control, it is therefore useful to continuously report the current tamping tool position to the control device in order to be able to readjust in the event of a deviation from the optimum movement pattern.

From AT 518025 a1, a tamping unit is known which has two oppositely situated pivot rods on which tamping tools are fastened. The pivot levers are mounted on the lowerable tool carrier so as to be rotatable about respective axes of rotation, and are coupled to the feed drive and to the vibration drive. The current position of the respective tamping tool is determined by determining the angular position of the associated pivot rod by means of an angle sensor arranged in the pivot axis. In this case, there is a disadvantage that the angle sensor is subjected to high vibration stress.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the invention to provide an improved recording of the respective tamping tool position of a tamping unit of the type mentioned at the beginning. Furthermore, a method for operating an improved tamping unit will be described.

According to the invention, these objects are achieved by a tamping unit according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 14. The dependent claims show advantageous embodiments of the invention.

It is proposed here that the sensor is of multipart design, the first sensor part being fastened to the tool carrier and the second sensor part being fastened to the pivot lever. In this way, the stress to which the sensitive sensor components in the first sensor part are subjected is reduced, since the tool carrier only performs a lowering or lifting movement during the tamping operation. Only the second sensor part moves together with the associated pivot lever and is subjected to vibrations and feed stresses. Overall, the service life of the sensor is thus increased compared to known solutions.

In an advantageous further development, the first sensor section comprises active electronic components and the second sensor section comprises only passive components without any power supply. Due to this measure, it is not necessary to lead the supply cable to the pivot lever which is subjected to vibrations. Thus, there is no risk of cable breakage due to high mechanical stress.

Advantageously, the first sensor part comprises a magnetic sensor as an active component and the second sensor part comprises a permanent magnet as a passive component. By this arrangement, a very accurate registration of the angular positions of the respective pivot rods is ensured.

By having the first sensor portion comprise a motion sensor, a further improvement of the tamper unit is achieved. In this way, in addition to the feed and vibration movements, the lowering and lifting movements of the tamping tool or tool carrier can be registered by means of sensors. The sensor transmits all measurement signals required for continuous motion monitoring of the tamping unit.

In this case, the motion sensor is advantageously designed as an integrated component. This allows space-saving integration into the structural configuration of the sensor and allows simple processing of the generated movement data.

For comprehensive location and position determination, it is advantageous if the motion sensor comprises three acceleration sensors and three gyroscopes. In this way all possible movements in three-dimensional space can be recorded. The lateral movement or rotation of the tamper unit about a vertical axis is also recorded to accommodate controlling a preset amount (steuerungsvorgraben) or recording the progress of the tamping operation.

Advantageously, the first sensor portion comprises a microcontroller. The data has been incorporated into the sensor and pre-evaluated by the microcontroller. This creates the possibility of adapting the processing of the output measurement data or measurement signals to the input interface of the control device.

In a particularly robust design of the sensor, the first sensor part has a circuit board which is arranged in a sealed housing and is cast in a protective medium. It is thus ensured that vibrations which may be transmitted to the tool carrier have no influence on the first sensor part.

It is advantageous here if a serial interface is arranged on the circuit board. This can be used to program or configure the sensor before it is used and optionally before the circuit board is cast. Advantageously, the serial interface has plug contacts for connecting a data cable.

It is also advantageous if the first sensor part has a bus interface, in particular a CAN interface. The interface can be used for data exchange with the control device. The interface may also be designed to program or configure the sensor.

The bus interface is expediently connected to a bus cable which is guided out of the housing of the first sensor part through a sealed channel. This measure also minimizes the risk of sensor damage due to mechanical stress or due to adverse environmental influences such as moisture, dust, etc.

In a further refinement, the first sensor section has a temperature sensor. There is therefore the possibility of adapting the control of the tamping unit to operating conditions that are unfavorable as a result of temperature. For example, in the case of frost, the lowering process into the ballast bed takes place with an increase in the vibration frequency of the tamping tool.

The method according to the invention for operating the tamping unit provides that the measurement data or the measurement signals of the sensors are transmitted to the control device and at least one drive of the tamping unit is controlled by the control device as a function of the measurement data or the measurement signals. Deviations from the optimal motion pattern are immediately identified and adjustments of the control signal are made to counteract disturbing influences or adverse operating conditions.

Furthermore, it is useful to operate the tamping units in a raised state in a predetermined sequence of movements during the calibration process of the sensor. In this calibration mode, the movement takes place in a defined manner without being influenced by external factors, so that the measurement data or measurement signals transmitted by the sensor can be compared with the expected result.

Drawings

The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings. The figures show in a schematic way:

fig. 1 is a side view of a tamping unit;

FIG. 2 is an arrangement of sensors at the tool carrier and at the pivot rod;

fig. 3 is a top view of the first sensor portion without the cover.

Detailed Description

The tamping unit 1 shown in fig. 1 comprises an assembly frame 2, which assembly frame 2 is fastened to a frame of a track maintenance machine not further described. In the example shown, the fastening is designed for laterally displacing the tamper unit 1 relative to the frame via two guides 3. Furthermore, the assembly frame 2 can be fastened to the machine frame so as to rotate about a vertical axis of rotation, so that the position of the tamping unit can be adapted, if necessary, to the sleepers 5 of the track which are located obliquely in the ballast bed 4.

The tool carrier 6 is guided in the module frame 2 in a lowerable manner, wherein a lowering or lifting movement is carried out by means of an associated lifting drive 8. On the tool carrier 6, a vibration driver 9 is arranged, to which vibration driver 9 two feed drivers 10 are connected. Each feeder actuator 10 is connected to a pivot rod 11. Both pivot rods 11 are supported on the tool carrier 6 so as to be movable relative to each other about respective horizontal pivot axes 12.

For example, a rotatable eccentric drive is used as the vibration drive 9, wherein the eccentricity defines the vibration amplitude and can be adjustable. The rotational speed determines the vibration frequency. The respective feed drive 10 is configured as a hydraulic cylinder and transmits the vibrations generated by the vibration drive 9 to the pivot lever 11. Furthermore, the respective feed drive 10 actuates the associated pivot lever 11 with a feed force during the tamping process. During the compaction of the ballast bed 4, therefore, a vibration movement 14 is superimposed on the feed movement 13. As an alternative to the variant shown, each feed drive 10 together with the vibration drive 9 can be designed as a hydraulic cylinder. The cylinder piston then executes a feed movement 13 as well as a vibration movement 14.

At the lower ends of the pivot rods 11, tamping tools 15 (tamping picks) are respectively arranged. During the tamping process, the tamping tool 15 penetrates into the ballast bed 4 to below the lower edge of the sleeper and compacts the ballast below the respective sleeper 5. Fig. 1 shows a tamping unit 1 during this stage of the tamping operation. The tamping tool 15 is then reset and lifted from the ballast bed 4. The tamping unit 1 is moved to the next sleeper 5 and the tamping process starts again. During resetting, lifting and forward movement, the vibrating movement 14 can be switched off. However, during penetration into the ballast bed 4, a vibratory motion 14 having a higher frequency than during feeding is useful in order to reduce penetration resistance.

The described motion sequence follows an optimized motion pattern. In order to be able to detect movement deviations and to take countermeasures early on, the tamping unit 1 is equipped with at least one sensor 16 for detecting movement. The sensor transmits measurement data or measurement signals to a control device 17, which control device 17 is provided for controlling the tamping unit 1. In the example of embodiment shown, a sensor 16 is associated with each pivot rod 11.

The arrangement of the sensors 16 can be seen in fig. 2. The sensor 16 comprises a first sensor portion 18 secured to the tool carrier 6. A second sensor portion 19, physically separated from the first sensor portion 18, is fastened to the associated pivot rod 11. Between the first sensor portion 18 and the second sensor portion 19 there is a gap 20 of a few millimetres, ideally 5 mm. For example, the second sensor section 19 is arranged in the outer surface of the associated pivot lever 11 in the region of the pivot axis 12 such that it performs a pure pivoting movement 21 about the respective pivot axis 12. The first sensor portion 18 is arranged opposite to the second sensor portion 19. The pivoting movement 21 guides the second sensor section 19 past the first sensor section 18 without changing the distance in the air gap 20.

As active electronic components, the first sensor portion 18 comprises a magnetic sensor 22 facing the second sensor portion 19. As a passive component, the second sensor portion 19 includes a permanent magnet 23 (radial magnet). The north-south orientation of the permanent magnet (Nord-sud-Ausrichtung) extends in the direction of the pivoting movement 21 of the associated pivot lever 11. In this case, the permanent magnet 23 extends over a maximum pivoting region (for example, a maximum of 22 °) of the pivot lever 11 at the current fastening point of this permanent magnet 23. Therefore, the surface of the permanent magnet 23 remains facing the magnetic sensor 22 over the entire pivot area.

The magnetic sensor 22 detects the orientation of the magnetic field generated by the magnet 23 and from this calculates the instantaneous angular position of the magnet 23 or the pivot lever 11 relative to the magnetic sensor 22. In this case, the zero angle position in the arrangement mode is set in advance by the arrangement menu. In addition, in the case of a magnet mounted laterally, the input of the corresponding linearization factor takes place.

In another variant of the invention, the first sensor portion 18 comprises a bar code scanner and the second sensor portion 19 is provided with a bar code. The pivoting movement 21 of the pivot lever 11 causes the bar code to be displaced relative to the bar code scanner.

The actual vibration frequency of the tamping tool 15 is determined from the angle signal measured by means of the sensor 16. During this time, essentially three phases of the tamping cycle can be distinguished. During the descent process, a vibration frequency of about 45Hz is preset. During the feeding process, the vibration frequency was reduced to 35 Hz. During the raising and forward movement of the tamping unit 1, the vibration is stopped or further reduced (for example down to 20 Hz). These vibration values are continuously checked by means of the sensor 16 in order to carry out a control change of the tamping unit 1 in case of a deviation.

Fig. 3 shows the first sensor section 18 with the magnetic sensor 22 in detail. The magnetic sensor 22 is configured as an integrated component and is arranged together with the microcontroller 24 on a circuit board 25. In addition, a motion sensor 26 is arranged on the circuit board 25. The motion sensor 26 is used to record all additional movements of the tamping unit 1. These movements are primarily the lowering or lifting movement 7 of the tamping unit 1, including the pivoting lever 11 and the tamping tool 15. However, lateral, forward or rotational movements of the tamping unit 1 are also registered by said movement sensor 26.

Advantageously, the motion sensor 26 is also designed as an integrated component and comprises three acceleration sensors and three gyroscopes. The motion sensor 26 includes a DMP (digital motion processor) and a programmable digital low pass filter for pre-processing the recorded data. Fig. 3 shows an example of the axis orientation of the motion sensor 26. In this case, the positive rotation direction is derived from the right-hand helix rule. Acceleration measurements are taken along the x, y and z axes, respectively. Usefully, several stages (e.g., ± 2g, 4g, 8g, 16g) may be set for the measurement range. Angular velocities about the x, y and z axes are measured. With these measurement values, it is also useful to be able to set various measurement ranges (e.g., ± 250, 500, 1000, 2000 dps).

Further disposed on the circuit board 25 are plug contacts for a serial interface 27 (e.g., RS-232). Data cables may be connected to these plug contacts (steckkontkakte) to program or configure the sensors via a computer. In this case, a suitable protocol is provided, whereby the sensor 16 is set to the configuration mode by means of a corresponding start command. After configuration, the end command will result in a return to the operational mode.

Additionally, a bus interface 28 is arranged on the circuit board 25. The bus cable is connected to this bus interface 28 by means of soldered contacts or screwed contacts, the bus cable being led to the outside via a housing channel. The data communication is performed with the control device 17 through the bus interface 28. The sensor 16 may also be programmed or reconfigured via the bus interface 28. Advantageously, the bus interface is a CAN interface to be integrated into an existing CAN bus of the track maintenance machine. In this case, whether the CAN interface is functional CAN be checked by an external tool (CAN viewer).

All sensor values can be output separately and at different time intervals on the bus interface. During this time, the output of the digitized measurement data is refreshed at a rate much higher than the predetermined vibration frequency of the tamping tool 15. Optionally, the sensor 16 is also arranged for outputting an analog measurement signal. For example, the respective measured value is output as a voltage value between 0 and 10 volts, with a sufficiently high refresh rate (e.g. 1kHz) also being present here.

Advantageously, the bus cable 29 is guided through the sealed housing channel together with the supply line for the current supply of the first sensor section 18. Via which the first sensor section 18 is connected, for example, to a DC on-board network (e.g. 24V DC) of the track maintenance machine. Furthermore, a multipolar combined power supply and interface cable may be provided.

The circuit board 25 including the components 22, 24, 26, 27, 28 arranged thereon is accommodated in a housing 30. A cap 31 mounted by a screw connection tightly seals the housing 30. For example, rubber seals suitable for the bus cable 29 are installed in the sealing gap of the cover and in the housing channel.

In addition, it is useful to fill the housing with a casting resin prior to closure. In this way, the circuit board 25 and the electronic components 22, 24, 26, 27, 28 of the first sensor section 18 are additionally protected from moisture, dust and vibrations.

A temperature sensor 32, optionally arranged on the circuit board 25, is used to perform temperature measurements and, in the event of a change of conditions, to regulate the control of the tamping unit 1. During this time, heat dissipation of the electronic components 22, 24, 26, 27, 28 should be considered as necessary. Particularly in the case of a fully cast circuit board 25, it may be useful to take into account temperature excursions due to limited heat dissipation.

Another advantageous development of the sensor 16 relates to the display element 33. For example, different LEDs are arranged on the circuit board 25, which LEDs are visible through the sealing groove of the housing 30. These LEDs indicate whether the sensor 16 is operating in a normal operating mode, in a configuration mode, or in a fault mode. Also, a separate display device may be provided, which is connected to the sensor 16 by a cable.

The various sensors 22, 26, 32 and display element 33 are connected to the microcontroller 24 by conductor paths of the circuit board 25. The microcontroller 24 reads the connected sensors 22, 26, 32 and preprocesses the measurement results.