阅读说明：本技术 防护屏蔽体、屏蔽墙以及屏蔽墙组件 (Protection shield, shielding wall and shielding wall assembly ) 是由 陈新立 于 2019-01-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种防护屏蔽体(100),包括用于保护使用者免受射弹或冲击影响的主体(105),该主体包括前撞击面(110)和相对的背面(115)；以及设置在所述主体上的连接器装置(125、126),该连接器装置适于允许屏蔽体连接到相邻的防护屏蔽体,其中,撞击面具有由该撞击面的边缘限定的周边；并且其中,连接器装置被布置成使得相邻的防护屏蔽体可以连接到该连接器装置,其中该相邻的防护屏蔽体的主体在围绕撞击面的周边周围的任何点处与防护屏蔽体的撞击面邻接和/或重叠。(A protective shield (100) comprising a body (105) for protecting a user from a projectile or impact, the body comprising a front impact face (110) and an opposite rear face (115); and a connector arrangement (125, 126) provided on the body, the connector arrangement being adapted to allow the shield to be connected to an adjacent protective shield, wherein the strike face has a perimeter defined by an edge of the strike face; and wherein the connector arrangement is arranged such that an adjacent protective shield can be connected thereto, wherein the body of the adjacent protective shield abuts and/or overlaps the strike face of the protective shield at any point around the periphery of the strike face.)

1. A protective shield, comprising:

a body for protecting a user from a projectile or impact, the body comprising a front impact face and an opposing rear face; and

a connector arrangement provided on the body, the connector arrangement being adapted to allow the shield to be connected to an adjacent protective shield,

wherein the impact face has a perimeter defined by the edge of the impact face; and

wherein the connector arrangement is arranged such that an adjacent protective shield can be connected to the connector arrangement with the body of the adjacent protective shield abutting and/or overlapping the impact face of the protective shield at any point around the periphery of the impact face.

2. The protective shield of claim 2, wherein the connector arrangement is adapted such that a plurality of adjacent protective shields can be connected to the connector arrangement.

3. The protective shield of claim 1 or 2, wherein the connector arrangement comprises a first connector part and a second connector part provided on the main body, the first connector part being adapted to be connected to a second connector part of another protective shield and the second connector part being adapted to be connected to a first connector part of another protective shield.

4. The protective shield of claim 3,

wherein the first and second connector parts are each provided on the strike face or the back face; and

wherein each connector part extends around the edge of the strike face or the back face on which they are provided.

5. The protective shield of claim 4, wherein at least one of the first and second connector pieces is offset from the edge of the face on which they are disposed.

6. The protective shield according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the first connector part is provided on the rear face; and wherein the second connector part is provided on the impact surface.

7. The protective shield of any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein each of the first and second connector pieces comprises a plurality of connector elements.

8. The protective shield of any preceding claim, wherein the retention unit defines at least a portion of the connector arrangement.

9. The protective shield of any preceding claim, wherein the body comprises a composite structure comprising at least one layer comprising graphene, and wherein the composite structure is arranged to:

(i) between the impact face and the back face; and/or

(ii) So as to at least partially define the impact face and/or the back face.

10. A protective shield, comprising:

a body for protecting a user from a projectile or impact, the body comprising a front impact face and an opposing rear face; and

a connector arrangement provided on the body, the connector arrangement being adapted to allow the shield to be connected to an adjacent protective shield,

wherein the body comprises a composite structure comprising at least one layer comprising graphene, and wherein the composite structure is arranged to:

(i) between the impact face and the back face; and/or

(ii) So as to at least partially define the impact face and/or the back face.

11. The protective shield of claim 10, wherein the layer comprising graphene is a planar layer of graphene extending in a plane parallel to a plane defined by the strike face.

12. The protective shield of claim 10, wherein the layer comprising graphene comprises graphene in the form of graphene platelets.

13. The protective shield of any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the composite material comprises a second layer comprising aerogel.

14. The protective shield of claim 13, wherein the composite material comprises a plurality of first layers, each first layer comprising graphene; and a plurality of second layers, each second layer comprising an aerogel, wherein the first and second layers alternate in the composite structure.

15. The protective shield of claim 13 or 14, wherein a fastening element or fastening unit is provided to secure the first and second layers of the composite structure together, the fastening element or fastening unit being provided along an edge of the composite structure.

16. The protective shield of any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the composite structure comprises between 2 and 250 first layers and/or between 2 and 250 second layers.

17. The protective shield of any of claims 13-16, wherein at least one of the second layers is a polyimide aerogel.

18. The protective shield of any one of claims 13-17, wherein the composite structure further comprises a third layer comprising a polymer, the third layer disposed adjacent to the second layer comprising aerogel.

19. The protective shield of any of claims 10-18, wherein the composite structure further comprises an armor layer.

20. The protective shield of claim 19, wherein the armor layer is selected from the group consisting of aramid fibers, boron fibers, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, poly (p-phenylene-2, 6-benzobisoxazole) (PBO), or combinations thereof.

21. The protective shield of claim 19 or claim 20, wherein the composite structure is arranged with the protective layer adjacent to or defining the strike face.

22. The protective shield of any one of claims 10 to 21, further comprising a retaining element provided on the main body to allow the shield to be retained or clamped on a user with the strike face facing outward.

23. The protective shield of any one of claims 10 to 22, wherein the connector arrangement is arranged such that an adjacent protective shield is connectable to the connector arrangement, wherein the body of the adjacent protective shield abuts and/or overlaps the strike face of the protective shield at any point around the periphery of the strike face.

24. A protective barrier, comprising:

a plurality of protective shields according to any of the preceding claims,

wherein each of the protective shields is connected to at least one adjacent protective shield, the main body of the adjacent protective shield abutting and/or overlapping the strike face of the protective shield.

25. A deployable shield wall assembly for selectively providing projectile or impact protection to an area, the deployable shield wall assembly comprising:

a deployable shield wall for providing protection from projectiles or impacts, the deployable shield wall including a collision barrier defined by at least one shield member; and

a retaining element connected to the deployable shielding wall for clamping at least a portion of the shielding wall in a predetermined position,

wherein the deployable shield wall assembly is adapted such that the shield wall is deployable from a retracted configuration in which the deployable shield wall extends from the retaining element into an area by a first amount, to a deployed configuration in which the deployable shield wall extends from the retaining element into the area by a second amount, wherein the second amount is greater than the first amount such that the collision barrier of the deployable shield wall provides projectile or impact protection in the area; and

wherein the at least one shielding member comprises a composite structure comprising at least one layer comprising graphene.

26. A deployable shield wall assembly as claimed in claim 25, wherein the deployable shield wall includes a plurality of interconnected shield members, optionally wherein the plurality of interconnected shield members are arranged to provide a continuous collision barrier.

27. A deployable shield wall assembly as claimed in claim 26, wherein each of the plurality of interconnected shield members is movable relative to one another; and wherein deployment of the deployable shield from the retracted configuration to the deployed configuration comprises movement of the shield members relative to each other, optionally from a folded position to an extended position.

28. A deployable shielding wall assembly as claimed in any one of claims 26 to 27, wherein the deployable shielding wall further comprises a support mesh to which each of the shielding members is attached, wherein the support mesh is adapted to provide a continuous mesh covering the shielding members when viewed from at least one direction, and optionally wherein the support mesh is a penetration resistant support mesh.

29. A deployable shield wall assembly as claimed in any one of claims 25 to 28, further comprising an engagement element spaced from the retaining element, wherein the engagement element is adapted to engage a portion of the deployable shield wall in the deployed configuration to restrict movement of the shield wall.

30. A deployable shield wall assembly as claimed in any one of claims 25 to 29, further comprising at least one guide member adapted to guide the deployable shield wall during deployment from the retracted configuration to the deployed configuration, optionally wherein the guide member is further adapted to engage the deployable shield in the deployed configuration to restrict movement of the shield wall.

31. A deployable shield wall assembly as claimed in any one of claims 25 to 30, wherein the assembly is arranged such that the deployable shield wall and the retaining element are raised above a surface in the retracted position; and wherein the unfolding of the shielding wall comprises releasing a portion of the shielding wall such that the shielding wall unfolds towards the surface under the influence of the gravity.

32. A deployable shield wall assembly according to any one of claims 25 to 31, wherein the assembly further comprises a frame at least partially defining an opening, and wherein the assembly is adapted to deploy the shield wall from a retracted configuration in which the deployable shield wall extends from the retaining element into the opening by a first amount, to a deployed configuration in which the deployable shield wall extends from the retaining element into the opening by a second amount, wherein the second amount is greater than the first amount, such that the collision barrier of the deployable shield wall provides projectile or impact protection to the opening.

33. A deployable shield wall assembly as claimed in any one of claims 25 to 32, wherein:

the layer comprising graphene is a planar layer of graphene and/or comprises graphene in the form of graphene platelets; and/or

The composite structure further comprises an armor layer.

34. The deployable shielding wall assembly of claim 33, wherein the composite material further comprises a second layer comprising an aerogel, and optionally wherein:

the composite material includes a plurality of first layers, each first layer comprising graphene; and a plurality of second layers, each second layer comprising an aerogel, wherein the first and second layers alternate in the composite structure;

at least one of the second layers is a polyimide aerogel; and/or

The composite structure further includes a third layer comprising a polymer, the third layer disposed adjacent to the second layer comprising aerogel.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a protective shield, a shield wall and a deployable shield wall assembly.

Background

Articles such as bullet resistant vests or stab resistant vests are intended to protect the wearer or an object surrounded by the article from impact (e.g., from a projectile or blunt force) or from penetration (e.g., from a sharp object or bullet). However, in order to protect the user, the user must always wear or carry these articles, which is particularly cumbersome, especially in the case of bulky or uncomfortable (for example in the case of vests) or cumbersome articles. As a result, users often forgo protection for comfort. In certain social situations, such as during work or social activities, it may be uncomfortable for the user to wear a vest or similar protective garment, thus reducing compliance. Further, while vests may be effective when an impact or projectile strikes the chest or back of a user, vests may expose other parts of the user's body, such as the head or limbs. This can be particularly dangerous when the source of the impact is close to the user or object; for example, where the force is from a hand-held weapon (such as a knife or blunt force), and/or where the source of the projectile (e.g., bullet) is at close range. Any protection that does encompass these higher risk areas results in more inconvenience (e.g., in terms of mobility) and is impractical for daily protection in lower risk situations. Bullet or stab resistant vests are also limited in that they are designed only to protect a single person and cannot be easily used to protect more than one person. Thus, during activities requiring the use of such vests, it is necessary to equip each person with a sufficient vest, otherwise there will be insufficient protection and it would therefore be advantageous to provide protection without these drawbacks.

Articles such as those described above typically include an impact face and a back face with materials disposed between the impact face and the back face in a particular order. Typical materials for body armor include carbon-based fibers such as para-aramid fibers, glass laminates, certain polymers and/or metals or alloys. In some cases, these materials are provided in the form of composite structures or laminate structures that are designed to take into account specific properties. Typically, articles designed to resist penetration (e.g., penetration from edged weapons (e.g., bladed articles)) also include additional penetration resistant layers, such as metal plates or chain mail, but they can be cumbersome and have low protection from ballistic projectiles and, therefore, do not help encourage users to wear or otherwise use the article.

It would be advantageous to provide a user-friendly unit that does not have these deficiencies. Further, it would be beneficial to provide a shield that can be used to protect multiple users and that can be deployed quickly and easily.

Similarly, other non-wearable protective articles suffer from similar problems. For example, walls/shields may be provided that are intended to minimize the threat of projectiles or impacts (including obstacles). These walls/shields may be permanent or temporary installations. In both cases where the threat can develop rapidly, the ease and speed of installation is therefore a major factor in reducing the risk. These types of walls/shields are also becoming more and more common in civil buildings such as schools. Typical barriers are formed of a material that is particularly heavy and has a high impact resistance, such as concrete or hardened steel, to provide effective protection from penetration by bullets. However, these barriers are difficult and/or slow to deploy, and it is not even possible for a person to deploy them without the aid of mechanical devices (such as motors). In addition, when covering entrances such as windows and doors, some deployable barriers may deploy in a vertical direction-for example, they may slide down from above the window or door to cover the window or door. Such barriers must be deployed slowly because it can be fatal if a fast moving steel block hits a person from above.

Accordingly, there is a need to provide a wall/shield that provides sufficient protection from guns, other projectiles and impacts, but that can also be deployed easily and quickly.

Disclosure of Invention

In a first aspect of the invention, a protective shield as defined in independent claim 1 is provided. In particular, the shield comprises a body for protecting a user from a projectile or impact, the body comprising a front impact face and an opposite rear face; and a connector arrangement provided on the main body, the connector arrangement being adapted to allow the shield to be connected to an adjacent protective shield. The strike face has a perimeter defined by an edge of the strike face, and the connector arrangement is arranged such that an adjacent protective shield can be connected thereto with a body of the adjacent protective shield abutting and/or overlapping the strike face of the protective shield at any point around the perimeter of the strike face.

Accordingly, embodiments provide a shield or shield that may be used to protect a person or object by absorbing impacts (e.g., from a projectile, weapon, or collision) and/or preventing penetration of a structure. The shield comprises a main body, which is the main part of the shield, and a part that protects the user from impacts and thus provides a shielding function. The body has an outer or impact face or surface, an inner or back face or surface opposite the impact face, and an edge or rim extending between the impact face and the back face. The impact surface has a perimeter or continuous edge extending therearound, which may be defined by an edge of the body. The shield further comprises a connector arrangement or a connection unit enabling the shield to be connected to an adjacent (e.g. abutting) second shield, e.g. one shield also having a connector arrangement. Importantly, the shield can be connected to other protective shields having the features of claim 1 to increase the protection provided to the user. This means that a plurality of shields can be used to form a continuous shielding wall or protective barrier with a continuous impact surface. This is particularly useful when multiple users each have a single shield and can interconnect the shields to form a more effective protective barrier. The shields may also be assembled on top of each other to provide enhanced protection. Similarly, walls or barriers having a large surface area may be assembled and disassembled for easier transport and storage. For example, each shield may be carried independently by one person (e.g., in a rucksack), and multiple users may connect the shields to form a shield or wall, if desired.

The connector arrangement (or connector element/device) provided on the main body is configured to allow an adjacent second shield to be connected around the main shield, wherein the strike face of the second adjacent shield overlaps or abuts the strike face of the first shield. In other words, the connector means may be connected to an adjacent shield (and in some embodiments to the connector means of the adjacent shield) and enable the second shield to be positioned relative to the shield such that the strike faces are in contact and/or have some degree of overlap when viewed in front elevation (i.e. when viewed from the front face of the shield (e.g. perpendicular to the strike frame)) such that the strike faces form a continuous strike face layer or surface. This may overlap with the strike face of the contact, or preferably with the strike face of the shield in contact with the back face of the other shield, or in the opposite way, so that the strike faces face substantially in the same direction once connected. In certain embodiments, it is also possible that the composite structure behind the impact face may not touch the contact directly, for example, in case it is covered by an additional material.

Furthermore, the connector means is adapted such that such abutment and/or overlap may occur at any point around the circumference of the impact surface. In other words, the strike face of an adjacent protective shield may contact the protective shield at any point around the perimeter of the strike face of the protective shield and/or may overlap any portion of the perimeter of the strike face of the protective shield. A connector arrangement that provides the ability to attach another protective shield (e.g., a protective shield having the features of the first aspect) at any point around the circumference has a number of important benefits. First, this means that the shield can be used to form walls of many different configurations and shapes and can therefore be tailored to the specific situation. For example, it may be configured to protect a larger area of the user's body, or may be used to protect multiple people. In addition, the ability to connect to the device at any edge or portion of the perimeter may reduce the likelihood of false attempts to connect shielding parts, which may cause problems for devices that are only connected to each other at certain points. The situation in which such a protective barrier needs to be assembled is typically a high stress situation, and therefore the ability to attach another further shield at any location around the perimeter can reduce the risk of errors occurring in these situations.

Adjacent one or more shields that may be connected to the protective shield of the first aspect may comprise features of the first aspect. In one embodiment, the adjacent protective shield is the same or substantially the same (e.g., identical) as the protective shield of the first aspect. Thus, in an embodiment, this provides a shield forming part of a modular wall that can be assembled and disassembled as required.

The body may be of any shape or configuration, including, for example, a plate structure. The shape may be any shape, such as a polygonal shape, and may define a circular or polygonal shaped impact face. It may have a flat surface or may comprise a 3D shaped surface (e.g. the front impact surface may be convex and the back surface concave). The strike face is a front or front face of the shield adapted to protect a user from impact or penetration and to point in the direction of the intended impact or penetration. Thus, the strike face is a portion of the shield that is visible from the front face and that is in front of or includes a protective material (e.g., a composite structure as described below with respect to the second aspect). The strike face and/or the back face may independently be a flat surface or a non-flat surface; for example, they may each be a flat surface defining a major face of a rectangular body, or it may have beveled edges, or may be a 3D shaped surface. They may each be a single component face (e.g., a major planar surface), or may include multiple elements, such as a major planar face with side extensions, and may have portions that are movable relative to other segments. Thus, the overlap or abutment of adjacent protective impact surfaces may take many forms, and the combined surfaces may provide a continuous planar surface or may provide a non-planar surface. When both impact surfaces are flat or have flat portions (e.g., mostly flat surfaces), the impact surfaces or the flat portions of the impact surfaces may be parallel or may be in the same plane.

Overlapping means that, from a front view (the strike face defining the front surface), the perimeter of the strike face of adjacent protective shields is received within the perimeter of the strike face of the protective shield. This may form a knuckle-type arrangement, especially in case a plurality of adjacent protective shields are connected to the connector unit. By abutting is meant that the connector means are adapted to bring the impact surfaces of each connector means into contact with each other. This may be the periphery of the impact surface or another part of the impact surface.

In an embodiment, the connector arrangement is adapted such that a plurality of adjacent shielding bodies can be connected to the shielding body (e.g. via the connector arrangement), and in particular such that the impact surfaces of the plurality of adjacent shielding bodies overlap or abut the impact surfaces of the shielding bodies. Thus, the connector device enables the connection of a plurality of protective shields, allowing the plurality of protective shields to be connected to each other to provide a continuous shielding wall. Since the connector arrangement allows the connection of these protective shields to provide abutment or overlap at any point around the perimeter of the impact face (e.g., where multiple shields are provided to abut and/or overlap different portions of the perimeter), this can be used to form protective walls having a variety of different configurations and arrangements, depending on the requirements at the time of assembly (e.g., number of people, size of area, height and thinness of people, threats involved), and the number of protective shields that can be used to form a portion of the wall. This level of construction is also advantageous because it means that other protective shields can be connected to the shield in a variety of ways, not just one way (for example), thereby reducing the requirement to connect adjacent shields to a single part or to connect adjacent shields to a single part in a very precise manner, which reduces difficulties under stress conditions. The connector means preferably provides releasable connector means which allows the adjacent shield to be releasably connected to the protective shield.

This forms a knuckle-type arrangement in case the connector device is arranged such that the striking face of an adjacent shield connected to the shield will overlap the striking face of the shield, which is a particularly effective mode of protection. In particular, this ensures that there is no gap between the two shields between which a projectile may pass or between which a weapon may slide, but instead provides an area of increased impact protection. If multiple adjacent shields are attached, this can create a significant overlap area, enhancing protection. Furthermore, this overlapping arrangement may also increase the structural strength of the combined shield as they may support each other and during an impact.

In another embodiment, the connector arrangement comprises a first connector part and a second connector part provided on the main body, the first connector part being adapted to be connected to the second connector part of the further protective shield and the second connector part being adapted to be connected to the first connector part of the further protective shield. In other words, the connector device has corresponding first and second connector elements, which may form two complementary interconnected units. Thus, the second connector part of the protective shield may engage the first connector part of an adjacent protective shield and/or the first connector part of the protective shield may engage the second connector part of an adjacent protective shield. In some embodiments, the first and second connector parts may be used to engage different protective shields, and in some embodiments, the first and second connector parts may each be adapted to engage or be able to engage a plurality of protective shields. By having connectable parts as counter parts, different configurations and restrictions can be created, which ensure that the shielding is connected in the desired manner. In some embodiments, the connector part may be any attachment unit having corresponding male and female parts, e.g. the parts may be connector straps that engage each other. These parts may be releasable connector parts, in particular releasable contact connector parts (e.g. connector parts that engage each other by contact of their respective surfaces). Examples include adhesive containing parts, connectable elements such as engageable clips, buttons, hook and loop fasteners (e.g., Velcro), touch fasteners in one embodiment, the connector parts are hook and loop or "touch" fasteners (e.g., one of the first and second parts is a hook fastener and the other is a corresponding loop fastener) as this can be easily removed, adjusted and does not require perfect alignment, which is particularly advantageous when assembly under stress is required.

In a further embodiment, the first connector part and the second connector part are each provided on the strike face and/or the back face. In other words, the first connector may be disposed on either the strike face or the back face (or, in some embodiments, on both). Independently, the second connector may be disposed on either the strike face or the back face (or, in some embodiments, on both). In further embodiments, each of the first and second connector parts extends around an edge of the strike or back face on which they are disposed. In other words, at least a portion of each of the first and second connector parts extends side-by-side or at a respective face on which it is provided. In this way, the connector piece may provide a particular configuration that indicates a particular arrangement of the shield. The manner in which the second protective shield or shields may be attached to the protective shield. Each connector piece may be a separate element (e.g., a connector band) or multiple elements. In an embodiment, at least one of the first and second connector parts is offset from an edge of the face on which they are provided. This arrangement may provide overlap of the strike faces when the connector piece is connected to an adjacent shield. In another embodiment, the first connector part is provided on the rear face and the second connector part is provided on the impact face. In this way, when connected to an adjacent shield, the strike face of the shield may contact the back face of the adjacent shield, and vice versa. This forms a knuckle-type arrangement, which is a particularly effective mode of protection, in case the first and second connector parts may be arranged such that the striking face of an adjacent shield connected to the shield will overlap the striking face of the shield. Furthermore, by providing the connectors on the face and having one type on one surface and another type on the other surface, it is possible to simplify the way the connectors are connected, which makes it easier to connect the shield in case of stress.

In an embodiment, each of the first and second connector parts comprises a plurality of connector elements. Thus, in one embodiment, there is a plurality of first connector parts and/or a plurality of second connector parts. Thus, there may be a plurality of points on the plurality of bodies to which adjacent shields may be connected. The connector pieces may be arranged on the body to allow receiving adjacent shields and overlap or abut any part of the perimeter. Each connector part may be adapted to connect to only a single connector part on an adjacent shield, or in some embodiments, each connector part may be adapted to connect to a single connector part and/or multiple connector parts. For example, where the first and second connector parts correspond such that there is a male and female connector part, each connector part may be adapted to receive a single connector part of the opposite type and/or to receive a plurality of connector parts of the opposite type. In an embodiment, where the body is a polygonal prism such that the impact face has a polygonal shape with x sides or edges, there may be at least x of each connector part, each edge having at least one connector part.

In an embodiment, the shield further comprises a retaining element provided on the main body to allow the shield to be retained or clamped on the user with the strike face facing outwards. The holding element may be, for example, a handle, or may be a strap for attaching the shield to the body of a user or to an object. In some embodiments, there may be a plurality of retaining elements. One or more retaining elements may be provided on the back side of the shield.

In an embodiment, the holding element or holding unit defines at least a part of the connector device. In other words, the holding element may comprise at least a part of the connector arrangement, or the connector arrangement may define the holding element. For example, where the connector arrangement comprises a connector part, the connector part may only be partially attached to the body such that the unattached portion defines the retaining element.

In an embodiment, the body comprises a composite structure comprising at least one layer comprising graphene, and wherein the composite structure is arranged to: (i) between the impact face and the back face; and/or (ii) so as to at least partially define the impact face and/or the back face.

In a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a protective shield comprising a body for protecting a user from projectiles or impacts, the body comprising a front impact face and an opposite rear face; and a connector arrangement provided on the main body, the connector arrangement being adapted to allow the shield to be connected to an adjacent protective shield. The body comprises a composite structure comprising at least one layer comprising graphene, and wherein the composite structure is arranged (i) between the strike face and the back face; and/or (ii) so as to at least partially define the impact face and/or the back face.

Accordingly, embodiments provide a shield or shield that may be used to protect a person or object by absorbing impacts (e.g., from a projectile, weapon, or collision) and/or preventing penetration of a structure. The shield includes a main body which may have a plate structure, which is the main part of the shield that protects the user from impact and thus provides a shielding function. The shield further comprises a connector arrangement or unit enabling the shield to be connected to an adjacent shield, e.g. an adjacent second shield also having a connector arrangement. Importantly, the shield may be connected to other protective shields having the features of the second or first aspect to increase the protection provided to the user. This means that a plurality of shields can be used to form a continuous shield wall or protective barrier with a continuous impact surface behind which an effective protective composite structure is provided.

In an embodiment, the shield further comprises a retaining element provided on the main body to allow the shield to be retained or clamped on the user with the strike face facing outwards by the user. The holding element may be, for example, a handle, or may be a strap for attaching the shield to the body of a user or to an object. In some embodiments, there may be a plurality of retaining elements. One or more retaining elements are preferably provided on the rear face.

In an embodiment, the connector arrangement is arranged such that adjacent protective shields can be connected thereto, wherein the main body of the adjacent protective shield abuts and/or overlaps the strike face of the protective shield at any point around the periphery of the strike face.

In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a deployable shield wall assembly for selectively providing projectile or impact protection to an area, the deployable shield wall assembly comprising: a deployable shield wall for providing protection against projectiles or impacts, the deployable shield wall comprising an impact barrier defined by at least one shield member; and a retaining element connected to the deployable shielding wall for clamping at least a portion of the shielding wall in a predetermined position. The deployable shield wall assembly is adapted such that the shield wall is deployable from a retracted configuration in which the deployable shield wall extends from the retention element into an area by a first amount, to a deployed configuration in which the deployable shield wall extends from the retention element into the area by a second amount, wherein the second amount is greater than the first amount such that the collision barrier of the deployable shield wall provides projectile or impact protection in the area. The at least one shielding member comprises a composite structure comprising at least one layer comprising graphene.

In other words, a shielding wall or barrier is provided that can be used to protect objects or persons from damage and that can be deployed and optionally retracted. For example, in one embodiment, deployment may be movement from a first position retracted from (e.g., fully retracted so as not to be present in, or at least partially retracted within) an opening or region in space to a second position in the opening or region in space (e.g., present to a greater extent in the opening or space in space than in the first position, or even entirely within the opening). The shield wall is deployed from a retaining element or clip member, which may be a housing, in which the shield wall is retained or enclosed in a retracted configuration, and to which the shield wall is connected and extends from the housing in its deployed configuration. This means that the opening or area in the space may be substantially open or unrestricted in the first retracted position and may be substantially closed or blocked in the second position. The movement may comprise folding, rolling or separating the shield wall into component parts in order to leave an opening/area in the space (first state) and move to a second state (e.g. expanded, rolled or connected state, respectively). In the deployed state, at least a portion (preferably all) of the impact barrier is within the opening/area so that it can absorb damage from projectiles or impacts. The impact barriers (or ballistic components) provide (most of the) impact absorbing properties/damage resistance of the barrier wall. Thus, the collision barrier is a ballistic layer or impact absorbing layer provided by the shielding member. The opening in the space may be an opening defined between two points in the space, for example, an opening between the retaining element and a second point in the space that is offset or spaced from the retaining element. The opening may be between the retaining element and an adjacent structure, such as a wall or another shield wall assembly. In embodiments, the shield wall may be raised from the ground, for example by a frame or by attachment to a support member, and arranged or adapted such that the shield wall unfolds vertically downwards, extending out of the bottom of the retaining element (or any housing thereof) until it contacts an adjacent structure. Thus, the retaining element may retain the shielding wall in a predetermined position adjacent to the void. This may be fixed, for example, by fixing the retaining element to the structure.

Thus, embodiments provide a strong yet lightweight deployable protective shield wall, particularly with respect to previously deployable walls. As noted above, the materials used in the composite structure provide high performance impact and projectile protection while remaining lightweight. This makes the wall easier to install and deploy, as the overall weight of the wall can be greatly reduced without reducing protection. Furthermore, due to the use of graphene-based composite structures, the ability to reduce weight while providing comparable protection means that motors and other heavy deployment systems can be avoided and the shield walls can be deployed manually or by gravity. The latter embodiment is also safer to use because as the wall is lighter and in many embodiments flexible, the risk of injury during deployment may be reduced. For example, if the wall is deployed vertically downwards (e.g. under the influence of gravity), then persons located below the wall are less likely to be injured than prior art devices (e.g. steel blinds) even if they use a motor system. In addition, the properties of the composite structures set forth herein mean that very large screen wall surface areas can be provided without excessive structural support, at least where weight is not an issue. This therefore allows for more extensive installation without the need for expensive and time consuming labor and equipment. This allows deployment in buildings such as schools and public places without requiring excessive modification.

The one or more shield members may have the structure of the main body of the protective shield of the first and second aspects (without the need for connector means to be provided thereon). In some embodiments, the one or more shield members each include a body including a front impact face and an opposing back face. The composite structure may be disposed between the faces, or may define one or both of the faces. The one or more shield members may be arranged such that the front impact faces all face in substantially the same direction and/or provide a continuous connected front impact face, thereby defining a shield wall impact face. In some embodiments, the impact barrier is provided through the entire shielding wall or through the entire shielding wall at least disposed outside of the retaining element in the deployed configuration.

The first amount may be zero (i.e. the shield wall does not protrude from the holding element) or less than the second amount. For example, in the case of zero, this means that the shielding wall does not extend beyond the retaining element into the (to be shielded) area. In the deployed configuration, the shield extends beyond the retention element by a positive amount. For example, "amount" may be length or total surface area. In an embodiment, the amount is the length of the shield wall, and preferably the surface area of the shield wall in the region in the retracted configuration is less than or equal to the surface area in the deployed configuration.

As described above, the deployable shield wall assembly is adapted such that the shield wall may be deployed from a retracted position to a deployed position. This may mean that the assembly may be allowed to deploy (e.g. using a deployment mechanism comprising a release mechanism) or may be adapted to forcibly deploy the device (e.g. using a deployment mechanism adapted to actively move the shielding wall, or by means of an arrangement of the assembly). In some embodiments, the deployable shield wall assembly may also be adapted to retract the shield wall from the deployed configuration to the retracted position. This may be achieved by reversing the deployment mechanism (where present), or by means of a separate retraction mechanism.

In some embodiments, the shield wall assembly may further comprise a deployment mechanism, such as a release mechanism, which in some embodiments may be disposed on the retaining element. Thus, in the retracted position, the retaining element may clamp the shielding wall in the first position, subsequently releasing one part of the shielding wall while clamping another part of the shielding wall, so that the shielding wall may be unfolded, but the remaining part is clamped by the retaining element. In some embodiments, the deployment mechanism is a release mechanism that may allow the shield wall to be automatically deployed, such as where gravity is suspended above a surface, or may allow a user to deploy the mechanism (i.e., the deployment mechanism may be passive). In other embodiments, the deployment mechanism is adapted to move the shield wall from the first position to the second position (i.e., the deployment mechanism is active). The deployment mechanism may be a driven movable element, such as a movable element adapted to engage the shielding element and travel along the track or be pushed away from the retaining element. The deployment mechanism may include a control system or may be linked to, for example, a centralized control system. The control system may automatically detect threats or events, such as by using a system for detecting gunshot using a microphone or a system that may automatically detect the shape of a potentially offensive weapon, such as a firearm (e.g., video analysis). The deployment mechanism may include or be linked to such a system such that deployment of the shield wall is automated. Alternatively, deployment may be manually actuated by a user, either locally or remotely. In some embodiments, multiple barrier wall assemblies may be connected in a network and centrally controlled by a single control system.

The deployment mechanism including the release mechanism may include an electronic release mechanism (e.g., a latch), such as a remotely operated electromagnetic latch or an electronic release mechanism. It should be understood that an electromagnetic latch may be used with a non-electromagnetic fastening device or member (such as a metal strap) and vice versa. Generally, electromagnetic coupling systems are reliable because there are no moving mechanical parts that can jam or break. Furthermore, the electromagnetic coupling can be made particularly robust so that the possibility of disengagement at system start-up is minimized. Alternatively or additionally, the deployment mechanism may include a fastening device and/or a catch that provides a mechanical connection, such as a snap, permanent magnet, or other type of "quick release" fastener known to the skilled artisan. The use of conventional fasteners may be advantageous because they may be easily handled locally by a user. In some embodiments, the fastening device may engage with the releasable connection, which may then be permanently secured when the shielding wall is deployed. Generally, conventional fasteners have the advantage that they can continue to operate in the event of a power failure.

The retaining element (or clamping unit) may comprise a retaining member which engages with a portion (e.g. an edge) of the shielding wall and/or the housing in which the shielding wall is (at least partially, but preferably completely) received in the retracted position. This protects the shield wall from damage and handling before use.

In an embodiment, the deployable shield wall includes a plurality of interconnected shield members. Thus, in an embodiment, the collision barrier of the deployable shield wall is defined by a plurality of interconnected shield members. In further embodiments, a plurality of interconnected shield members are arranged to provide a continuous collision barrier. The collision barrier may be provided by a plurality of shield members that extend from the retaining element into a portion of the area when the deployable shield wall is in the deployed configuration.

In other words, there may be a plurality of shielding members which are connected to each other, for example directly or indirectly, by additional elements and/or via another shielding member. In embodiments, each of the shield members is movable relative to each other, thereby providing greater flexibility in the arrangement of the shield walls and greater flexibility in the movement of the shield walls through the retracted and deployed configurations. In an embodiment, the plurality of interconnected shield members are arranged to provide a continuous collision barrier in the portion of the deployable shield wall extending into the area from the retaining element when in the deployed configuration. In other words, all of the shield members have an edge (or perimeter) that abuts or overlaps an adjacent shield member in the deployed configuration. This avoids any risk of passing through gaps between the shield members. In some embodiments, the impact barrier is provided through the entire shielding wall or through the entire shielding wall at least disposed outside of the retaining element in the deployed configuration. This provides overall protection. In the deployed position, the front strike faces of the shield members may all be arranged to face in the same direction. The shield member does not have to form a continuous wall in the retracted configuration or in a portion of the shield wall that does not extend beyond the retaining element, for example if not fully deployed.

In another embodiment, each of the plurality of interconnected shield members is movable relative to one another; and wherein deployment of the deployable shield from the retracted configuration to the deployed configuration includes movement of the shield members relative to one another. This may be from a folded position to an expanded position. This may mean that, in embodiments, the shield member may be folded into a configuration with a reduced footprint and then expanded into an expanded configuration with an increased footprint. The occupied area may refer to an occupied area when viewed from a front or rear direction (e.g., a direction perpendicular to a main surface of the shield wall). For example, the shield members may be folded into a stack or array in a retracted configuration, wherein the shield members are arranged adjacent to one another with their largest faces (e.g., their strike and back faces) facing (e.g., aligned with) one another, thereby providing a reduced surface area collision barrier. This reduces the footprint of the shield wall. In the deployed position, they may be reconfigured to expand the surface area of the impact face, for example, by arranging the shield members adjacent to each other with the edges abutting or overlapping adjacent shield members.

In an embodiment, the deployable shielding wall further comprises a support mesh to which each of the shielding members is attached. In further embodiments, the support mesh is adapted to provide a continuous mesh covering the shield member when viewed from at least one direction, and optionally wherein the support mesh is a penetration resistant support mesh. In other words, there may be a mesh (e.g., a curtain or layer) to which each of the shielding members is connected. The mesh may extend over a portion of one surface of the shield wall but preferably over substantially all of one surface. Thus, in the deployed configuration, the mesh acts to present a continuous face in at least one direction, presenting a single uniform surface to an attacker rather than a series of shield members. For example, where the shield wall is provided with opposed major faces (e.g. a flat shape or a substantially flat shape), the mesh may define at least one of the major faces, preferably a front face (i.e. a face directed towards an intended impact or projectile). Thus, in some embodiments, the support mesh may define the front face of the shield wall (i.e., the outermost layer or portion of the shield wall in the direction of intended impact). When defining the front face, the support mesh may be adapted to provide a continuous mesh covering the shielding member when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the front face (e.g. from the front face of the shielding assembly). Embodiments incorporating a net reduce the risk of attempted manipulations. This is particularly true where the mesh is a penetration resistant support mesh (e.g., cut, puncture and/or projectile resistant) as this may act as a barrier to deter an attacker from penetrating the shield wall and attempting to breach the barrier.

The web may be formed from a protective or ballistic layer as set forth with respect to the other embodiments, but separate from the composite material. Thus, the mesh may comprise a metal, an alloy, a polymer and/or a carbonaceous material, preferably a polymer and/or a carbonaceous material. For example, the overcoat layer may comprise a high tensile polymer and/or a carbon fiber containing material. In further embodiments, the overcoat layer comprises a high tensile material selected from the group consisting of aramid (aromatic polyamide) fibers, aromatic polyamide fibers, boron fibers, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (e.g., fibers or sheets), poly (p-phenylene-2, 6-benzobisoxazole) (PBO), poly {2, 6-diimidazo [4,5-b:4',5' -e ] -pyridylidene-1, 4(2, 5-dihydroxy) phenylene } (PIPD), or combinations thereof. For example, in one embodiment, the web is an UHMWPE textile having a weight of between 100gsm and 100gsm, optionally between 100gsm and 800gsm, between 100gsm and 200gsm, or between 140gsm and 180 gsm. In the case of fibers, the layer may contain an adhesive, such as an epoxy. In an embodiment, the thickness of the overcoat layer is from 50 μm to 500 μm, optionally from 125 μm to 250 μm. In embodiments having a plurality of protective layers, each protective layer has a thickness of 50 μm to 500 μm, optionally 125 μm to 250 μm. In some embodiments, the mesh may comprise a composite structure as defined in any of the embodiments and aspects set forth herein, optionally different from the composite structure of the one or more shield members.

In an embodiment, the assembly further comprises an engagement element or a clamping element spaced apart from the retaining element, wherein the engagement element is adapted to engage a portion of the deployable shielding wall in the deployed configuration to limit movement of the shielding wall. This allows the shield wall to be secured in the deployed configuration to prevent manipulation or removal and/or to limit movement/deformation of the shield wall, for example in the event of an impact by a weapon or projectile. Thus, the engaging element and the retaining element may define an area to be protected between them (e.g. these may be considered as a first point and a second point in space), wherein the shielding wall extends between the retaining element and the engaging element (i.e. two points in space). Example engagement elements include clips, magnets, and fasteners. In a preferred embodiment, the engagement element is adapted to automatically engage the shielding wall in the deployed position. In a preferred embodiment, the engaging element is an electromagnet. This allows for easy control of engagement, including post deployment release.

In an embodiment, the assembly further comprises at least one guide member adapted to guide the deployable shield wall during deployment from the retracted configuration to the deployed configuration, for example by engaging a portion of the shield wall. Optionally, wherein the guide member is further adapted to engage the deployable shield in the deployed configuration to limit movement of the shield wall. This ensures that the shield wall is deployed in the correct manner. The guide may be an elongate guide member arranged to engage (i.e. releasably engage) the shield wall along an edge thereof to limit movement along the edge. The guide member may comprise a channel for guiding the shielding wall or may comprise a guide rail, e.g. with a corresponding follower on the shielding wall. The assembly may further comprise a plurality of guide members, for example arranged opposite each other, which may also be arranged to engage the shielding wall along an edge thereof to limit movement along the edge. In this way, the deployment may be guided along multiple edges of the shield to ensure that the shield is in the correct position. Furthermore, the use of a guiding member is particularly advantageous when combined with the engagement element, as the guiding element may guide the unfolding of the shielding wall and clamp it together with the engagement element in the unfolded configuration, such that any movement of the unfolded shielding wall may be prevented until the engagement is released.

In an embodiment, the assembly may include a frame at least partially defining an opening or void, and the assembly is adapted such that the shield wall is deployable from a retracted configuration in which the deployable shield wall extends from the retaining element into the opening by a first amount to a deployed configuration in which the deployable shield wall extends from the retaining element into the opening by a second amount, wherein the second amount is greater than the first amount such that the collision barrier of the deployable shield wall provides projectile or impact protection to the opening. Thus, the shield may extend within the space defined by the perimeter defined by the frame. In some embodiments, the assembly may be adapted such that the opening is closed or blocked by a shielding wall in the deployed position, but may be allowed to pass through in the open position. In some embodiments, the frame may be formed from a plurality of members arranged to define closed voids or openings. It may be formed by a separate member or may be at least partially formed by other components of the shielding wall assembly, such as the retaining element or the guiding member. For example, two opposing guide members and a retaining element may define a three-sided frame, with the retaining element located near the first ends of the guide members and extending between the guide members. In some embodiments, at least one engagement element (e.g., a member having an engagement element thereon) is located at the opposite second end of the guide members and extends between the guide members. In an embodiment, the area into which the shielding wall is deployed is at least partially defined by the perimeter of the frame. In other embodiments, the frame may include at least one member defining the frame, and the retaining element may be disposed adjacent the frame.

In an embodiment, the assembly is arranged such that the deployable shielding wall and the retaining element are raised or elevated above the surface in the retracted position; and wherein the unfolding of the shielding wall comprises releasing a portion of the shielding wall such that the shielding wall unfolds towards the surface under the influence of gravity. This provides a relatively simple and fast design, which is the case for providing a protective barrier quickly. For example, no auxiliary mechanism (e.g., motor) is required, and the device can be deployed only under the weight of the shield. Furthermore, the release mechanism may be relatively simple, such as a latch, making the entire assembly easy to use and manufacture. Also, damage to objects or people on a surface is reduced as compared to bulky prior art systems due to the relatively lightweight but effective composite structure used herein.

The retaining element may be raised or elevated above the surface by any suitable means, such as attachment to a ceiling or elevated surface, or by using a frame to raise the shielding wall and retaining element.

As set forth in more detail below, in some embodiments, the layer comprising graphene is a flat layer of graphene and/or comprises graphene in the form of graphene platelets. The composite structure may further comprise a protective layer. In an embodiment, the composite further comprises a second layer comprising aerogel. In further embodiments, a composite material includes a plurality of first layers, each first layer comprising graphene; and a plurality of second layers, each second layer comprising an aerogel, wherein the first and second layers alternate in the composite structure. In the above embodiments, at least one of the second layers may be a polyimide aerogel. In some embodiments, the composite structure further comprises a third layer comprising a polymer, the third layer disposed adjacent to the second layer comprising aerogel.

The following embodiments relating to features relate to all of the first to third aspects and are disclosed herein in connection with each of these aspects. For example, each of the first, second and third aspects disclosed above comprise composite structures, and thus any of the embodiments disclosed below apply equally to any of the composite structures of the first, second and third aspects. This includes, but is not limited to, the presence of aerogels, the number of layers, the configuration of the layers, orientation, and the like.

The composite structure or laminate structure present in the above aspects comprises at least one layer comprising graphene (e.g., Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs)). Thus, the composite structure may have multiple layers, at least one of which comprises graphene (e.g. GNP) or is a layer comprising graphene. Graphene is an allotrope of carbon, the basic form of which consists of a two-dimensional monolayer of carbon atoms arranged in a single flat sheet of sp 2-hybridized carbon atoms (GNPs consist of several layers of graphene material). Graphene is well known for its extremely high intrinsic strength resulting from the two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal lattice of covalently bonded carbon atoms. Embodiments may provide composite structures with very advantageous properties including a combination of strength, low weight and elasticity. In the case of a laminate or composite structure, this has the benefit of providing a lightweight shield (relative to the shielding provided by prior art materials) in the shields of the first and second aspects. The shield may be easily transported and assembled, which remains robust and effective in protecting the user. In the case of the third aspect, this has the significant benefit of providing a shield wall that is easier to assemble and deploy, i.e. because it is lighter but still does not provide protection. This also has the advantage of reducing the risk of injury upon deployment, for example.

In embodiments, the composite material is flexible, and optionally elastic. By flexible, it is meant that the composite material can be deformed under the application of a force (e.g., a force applied to one end while restraining the opposite end of the composite material) without damaging the structure of the composite material (e.g., without tearing or breaking). For example, using a three-point bending test, the composite structure may be deformed without breaking. Elastic means that the composite material will recover its original shape after deformation. In further embodiments, the body is flexible, optionally the shield is flexible (e.g. due to the flexibility of the body, the retaining element (if present), the connector means and any other components). The body and shield may also be resilient. This is particularly advantageous as it allows for easier flexibility in placement of the shield of the first and second aspects and adjacent shields and, importantly, allows for easier customization of the overall shape of the shield wall formed by the respective protective shield. For the third aspect, this provides a shield wall that can be retracted and deployed in other ways, such as by rolling and unrolling. This can be measured, for example, by a three-point bend test or a four-point bend test (e.g., as set forth in ASTM-C1341 or ASTM-D7264).

The graphene layer of any of the above aspects, or in some embodiments, the composite structure or laminate structure, may extend at least partially in or in a plane parallel to a plane defined by the shield body or strike face layer of the shield member (e.g. where the strike face layer may define a plurality of different planes, the graphene layer may extend in a plane parallel to one of these planes, or may be part of the plane of the strike face layer such that it defines the front face of the shield body), or in a plane in which the strike face layer is planar. In other words, it may be parallel to a portion or all of the impact surface, or may define the impact surface or a portion of the impact surface. This may be a linear (straight or flat) layer or structure, or it may be non-linear. For example, in the case of non-linearity, the impact face and structure may define two parallel (or offset) curves.

The composite structure of any of the above aspects may comprise a plurality of layers. Each successive layer may be in direct or indirect contact with other layers of the composite structure. For example, the composite structure may further include an additional layer disposed between the first layer and the second layer. The composite structure may also include additional layers disposed on the top (e.g., on the upper surface of the uppermost layer) or the bottom (e.g., on the lower surface of the lowermost layer) of the composite structure. Each layer may completely cover the surface of an adjacent layer, or may only partially cover the surface of an adjacent layer. In some embodiments, a layer may extend beyond the edge of an adjacent layer. The layers may also each comprise other components or additives. For example, in some embodiments, the graphene layer may comprise a polymer (e.g., polyurethane). In a composite structure, the layers may have a sheet structure-i.e. two larger opposing faces connected by four smaller edges.

In an embodiment of any of the above aspects, at least one layer consists essentially of graphene. In further embodiments, there may be a plurality of first layers comprising graphene, and in some embodiments, each (all) of the first layers consists essentially of graphene. The term "consisting essentially of" means that the first layer is formed almost entirely of graphene, but may contain small amounts of other materials (e.g., due to contamination or due to the method of forming the graphene layer). For example, it may be formed from 95% or more graphene (by weight or volume), preferably 98% or more, more preferably 99% or more or even more preferably 99.9% or more graphene.

In an embodiment of any of the above aspects, the at least one layer comprises graphene in the form of graphene nanoplatelets or powder. In further embodiments, there may be a plurality of first layers comprising graphene, and in some embodiments, each (all) of the first layers comprises graphene platelets. The graphene platelets may be in the form of pure graphene platelets or as graphene platelets in a matrix. In some cases, graphene may be functionalized, for example, by functionalization using plasma treatment to improve compatibility with solvents during the manufacturing process. For example, in some embodiments, graphene may be functionalized with carboxyl groups. One example is an "oxygen" functionalized plasma treatment using the Haydale HDLPAS process disclosed in WO 2010/142953A 1. The average particle size of the graphene platelets (i.e., the d from the particle size distribution related to the average particle size) over the lateral dimension (i.e., at the maximum width of the entire platelet face)₅₀Value) of at least 1 μm, optionally at least 2 μm, at least 5 μm, at least 15 μm, at least 25 μm (e.g. 1 μm to 10 μm, 1 μm to 5 μm, 1 μm to 25 μm or 1 μm to 40 μm). The number average thickness of the platelets may be less than 350nm, for example 250nm or less (for example may be 200-600 stacked graphene layers, each layer being 0.35nm thick), 200nm or less, 100nm or less or 50nm or less. These measurements can be measured by SEM. The nanoplatelets can comprise single or multiple layers of graphene.

In some embodiments of any of the above aspects, the graphene is provided in at least one layer, or in the case where there are multiple first layers comprising graphene, in each of the first layers (independently or for all layers) the graphene is provided in an amount of at least 0.1 wt%, at least 1 wt%, at least 2 wt%, at least 5 wt%, at least 10 wt%, at least 50 wt%, at least 80 wt%, or at least 95 wt%. For example, the graphene content may be between 0.1 wt% and 99 wt%, 1 wt% and 80 wt%, 2 wt% and 50 wt%.

The graphene (e.g., in platelet form) may be provided in a matrix, such as a polymer matrix. Thus, in some embodiments, the first layer further comprises a polymer. Embodiments may be advantageous because they provide a matrix for graphene that may aid in fabrication and other properties, such as the elasticity of the graphene layer. In addition, when added to many polymers, graphene can significantly enhance the tensile strength of the polymer. One practical disadvantage of graphene is that it is difficult to fabricate layers with large dimensions and thicknesses, particularly because for many embodiments, many (sometimes millions) graphene layers may be required to provide materials with useful characteristics. In embodiments disclosed herein, this can be addressed by functionalizing graphene and dispersing it in a polymer layer, thereby enabling the production of larger sheets. Methods of incorporating graphene into a polymer or other matrix may include dispersion using grinding rolls, such as using a three-roll mill. This may allow graphene to be dispersed without the need for solvents and in a relatively high throughput manner.

In some embodiments of any of the above aspects, at least one layer comprising graphene, or where there are multiple first layers comprising graphene, each of the first layers (independently or all of the layers) has a thickness of 0.34nm to 20 μ ι η. This may include a thickness of 1nm to 10 μm, 10nm to 5 μm, 10nm to 1 μm, or 20nm to 100 nm. In some embodiments, the first layers all have substantially the same thickness.

In some embodiments of any of the above aspects, at least one layer comprising graphene, or, where there are a plurality of first layers comprising graphene, each of the first layers (independently or all of the layers) is a planar layer of graphene extending in a plane parallel to a plane defined by an adjacent second layer. One or more of the layers may also extend in a plane parallel to the plane defined by the impact surface. In other words, the graphene is formed as a flat layer or strike face along and parallel to the surface of the adjacent second layer. This is advantageous because the alignment of the graphene layer on the aerogel means that an impact generated in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the graphene will have to overcome the graphene in its strongest direction, and will subsequently impact the aerogel in a direction that can easily dissipate the forces in the plane of the layer. Thus, these embodiments are particularly effective in absorbing impacts provided in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the graphene layer. In embodiments where there are a plurality of graphene-containing layers, each of the first layers is a planar layer of graphene extending in a plane parallel to the plane defined by the adjacent second layers. In embodiments, the one or more layers are a single layer, a double layer, or a triple layer of graphene. In other words, the layer includes 1 graphene atomic layer, 2 graphene atomic layers, or 3 graphene atomic layers. Advantageously, the impact resistance of two or three graphene atomic layers is significantly greater than a single graphene atomic layer. In some embodiments, the one or more layers comprise at least 1 atomic layer of graphene, at least 5 atomic layers of graphene, at least 10 atomic layers of graphene. Preferably, in some embodiments, the layer comprises from 1 atomic layer of graphene to 10 atomic layers of graphene. It has been observed that as the number of layers increases, impact resistance deteriorates, and at about 10 layers, performance begins to decline.

In an embodiment of any of the above aspects, the composite further comprises a second layer comprising aerogel. Thus, in this embodiment, there is at least a first layer comprising graphene and a second layer comprising aerogel. Aerogels are a class of highly porous (typically nanoporous) solid materials that have a very low density and are very strong with respect to their weight, and thus can be used in composite structures. As explained in more detail below, aerogels are formed by forming a gel and then drying the gel to remove liquid components (e.g., using supercritical drying). This creates a unique structure that contributes to the advantageous properties, including low density and the ability to effectively transmit and dissipate impact forces. The combination of these two materials results in advantageous properties of the composite structure. In some embodiments, the composite material includes a plurality of second layers, each second layer comprising an aerogel.

In particular, embodiments comprising graphene and aerogel provide particularly good protection to people or objects by dispersing impact forces (e.g., from projectiles, weapons, or collisions) and/or preventing penetration of structures. Embodiments of the composite structure achieve this by absorbing the impact and providing a protective structure that resists a particular combination of penetration layers and using an aerogel layer, as explained in more detail below. For example, the combination of aerogel layer and graphene layer is advantageous because the graphene layer provides a high tensile layer (i.e., the first layer (based on graphene) has a stronger tensile strength than the second layer (based on aerogel)) that acts as a barrier against penetration and at least partially reduces the force, while the aerogel can absorb a large portion of the impact. As a result of the use of such a structure, embodiments provide stab and ballistic resistant structures (and thus shields and shield walls) at a significantly lighter weight than prior art structures that provide comparable protection.

As mentioned above, aerogels are a class of highly porous (typically nanoporous) solid materials with very low density. More particularly, aerogels are open cell structures having a porosity of at least 50% (but preferably having a porosity of at least 95% (e.g., 95% to 99.99%), optionally at least 99%), produced by forming a gel in solution and then removing the liquid component of the gel using supercritical heating. Due to the drying conditions, the solid part of the gel retains its structure when the liquid component is removed, thereby forming a porous body. The pores of the aerogel will typically have a pore size in the range of 0.1nm to 100nm, typically less than 20 nm. However, in embodiments, the pore size of the aerogel can be between 0.1nm and 1000nm, alternatively between 0.1nm and 900 nm; 10nm to 900 nm; 20nm to 900 nm; 20nm to 500 nm; or in the range of 20nm to 100 nm. In the examples, the porosity and pore size distribution of aerogels can be measured using nitrogen absorption at 77K and applying Brunauer, Emit and teller (bet) equations (see "Reporting physical adsorption Data for Gas/Solid Systems" in theory and application chemistry, volume 57, page 603, (1985)). Aerogels can be formed from a variety of materials, including silica, organic polymers (including polyimides, polystyrenes, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, epoxies), polymers of biological origin (e.g., gelatin, pectins), carbon (including carbon nanotubes), some metal oxides (e.g., iron or tin oxides), and certain metals (e.g., copper or gold). In some embodiments, the aerogel is a crosslinked aerogel (e.g., the aerogel is formed from a crosslinked polymer, such as a crosslinked polyimide). Such aerogels are advantageously flexible and strong. Aerogels provide enhanced impact absorption properties because they provide a much wider cone of force dispersion than the components of prior art composite structures, and thus impact forces can be dispersed more quickly and more widely. This is due at least in part to the ability of the layers to spread the impact out in the plane of the layer and over the height of the layer. In particular, the "nano-expanded" structure of aerogels can provide them with shock absorbing properties-the impact force of the nanoscale branch-like atomic structures along these branches is rapidly dissipated.

These layers are particularly advantageous when used together because the high tensile strength of the graphene-containing layer helps to hold the composite structure together while also providing the other benefits described herein, and the nanoinflation aerogel layer helps to dissipate any impact forces, thus reducing the direct inline forces transmitted to the next graphene layer, and so on. The graphene layer also reduces the tendency of projectiles or impacts to penetrate the aerogel without dissipating sufficient force. Together, these enable the composite structure to disperse forces to a greater extent than if the layers were used alone. This also means that the composite structure can withstand a greater degree of wear than these materials alone can withstand.

In an embodiment, the second layer or each second layer of the plurality thereof independently has a thickness of 20 μm to 1000 μm. For example, this may include a thickness of 50 μm to 800 μm, 100 μm to 500 μm, or 125 μm to 250 μm. In some embodiments of the plurality of second layers, the second layers all have substantially the same thickness.

In an embodiment, a composite material includes a plurality of first layers, each first layer comprising graphene; and a plurality of second layers, each second layer comprising an aerogel, wherein the first and second layers alternate in the composite structure. Accordingly, embodiments of the shield and the shield wall of any of the above aspects may provide a composite structure having very advantageous properties including a combination of strength, low weight and elasticity.

In an embodiment, each first layer is bonded to an adjacent second layer. In other words, each graphene layer is bonded to an adjacent aerogel layer. This may be direct (i.e. utilising direct contact between the graphene layer and the aerogel layer, and the bond provided by the adhesive properties of either the first or second layer) or indirect (utilising another component, such as an adhesive or another layer disposed between the graphene layer and the adjacent aerogel layer). This is advantageous as it has been found that this improves the ballistic performance of the composite structure and will therefore increase the ballistic performance of the shield and the shield wall of the above aspect. An adjacent second layer refers to one of the second layers on either side of the first layer (i.e., immediately adjacent to the first layer). In some embodiments, the structure is oriented with the upper graphene layer bonded to the lower aerogel layer. Then, for example, with respect to the front impact face of the shield or shield member, this may be arranged with the graphene layer being the layer closest to or defining the impact face (of the two layers), and the aerogel layer being located behind the graphene layer.

In some embodiments, each first layer is directly bonded to an adjacent second layer such that the graphene layers are disposed on adjacent aerogel layers. In some embodiments, all of the layers of the composite structure are bonded together. In other words, the (all) first and second layers, as well as any other layers present in the composite structure, are bonded together. Thus, a first layer may be bonded to two adjacent second layers, and vice versa. When bonded together in a multi-layer sandwich, the resulting composite structure has both high strength and extreme lightness due to the high cohesive strength. The shield and the shield wall will thereby be particularly effective against damage, while still remaining lightweight. Thus, in some embodiments, there is a composite structure formed of alternating layers of graphene and nanoporous material (aerogel), wherein a bond is provided between the graphene and aerogel layers.

In another embodiment of any of the above aspects, a fastening element or unit is provided to secure together the first and second layers of the composite structure, the fastening element or unit being disposed along an edge of the composite structure. By "disposed along an edge" is meant that a fastening element or unit (e.g., a suture or staple) is disposed near and along the edge of the composite structure (as viewed from the top down) and extends through the layers to secure the layers together. The fastening elements constrain the edges of the composite structure. It has been found that this can significantly improve the performance of the composite structure and that the same level of penetration (e.g., stab) resistance and/or ballistic resistance can be achieved with fewer layers. In another embodiment, a fastening element or unit is provided to secure the layers of the composite structure together, the fastening element or unit being disposed along an edge of the composite structure. In embodiments where the composite structure defines a body or extends over a substantial portion of a body, a fastening element or unit may be provided around the edge of the impact surface.

In embodiments, the composite structure comprises between 2 and 250 first layers (i.e., graphene-containing layers) and/or between 2 and 250 second layers (i.e., aerogel-containing layers). In embodiments, the composite structure comprises at least 5 layers, at least 10 layers, or in some embodiments, at least 25 layers. For example, there may be 10 to 200 layers, 25 to 150 layers, 50 to 125 layers. The number of first layers may be the same as the number of second layers. In some embodiments, the number of first layers is at least 5, at least 10, or in some embodiments at least 25. For example, there may be 10 to 100 layers or 25 to 50 first layers. It has been found that an increased number of layers can cause the projectile to stop earlier in the composite structure than if fewer layers were present. This may be the result of shear thickening.

In an embodiment, at least one of the second layers is a polyimide aerogel. In further embodiments, each (all) of the second layers is a polyimide aerogel. Polyimide aerogels have been found to be particularly effective in such composite structures because they have some flexibility while also having relatively high tensile strength compared to other aerogels. This may also give flexibility to the whole shield/shielding wall, which is particularly advantageous as it makes storage easier and the shield may conform more easily to one or more objects or one or more persons to be protected. Furthermore, polyimide-based aerogels also form less dust than silicon-based aerogels, thereby reducing the likelihood of inhaling any aerogel-derived dust. Polyimide-based aerogels can also recover better from impact/compression-a key performance indicator for impact protection, and can provide improved multiple impact protection compared to silicon-based aerogels.

In another embodiment of any of the above aspects, the composite structure further comprises a third layer comprising a polymer, the third layer disposed adjacent to the second layer comprising aerogel. The polymer may also provide elasticity to the aerogel layer, and it has been found that the polymer layer used in conjunction with the aerogel layer improves the effectiveness of the composite structure by helping to hold the structure together and distribute forces acting on the structure. This is particularly effective for polymer layers that are located in front of the aerogel layer (relative to the direction of the force acting on the structure-for example, where the composite structure is arranged so that the polymer is located between the impact surface and the aerogel (or the polymer defines the impact surface)). Thus, in some embodiments, a first layer comprising a polymer is provided as an upper layer, with a second layer underlying or behind the layer. In some embodiments, a plurality of different polymers may be present and/or the polymer may be a copolymer. The polymer may cause the first layer to act as an adhesive layer suitable for holding the structures of adjacent aerogel layers together. The polymer may be a single polymer or may be a polymer blend. The polymer may have a number average molecular weight of at least 1,000 Da; for example, at least 10,000Da (e.g., 10,000Da to 100,000 Da). In an embodiment, the polymer is selected from polyurethane, polyethylene (including ultra high molecular weight polyethylene), polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, polyimide, epoxy, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the polymer comprises a polyurethane and/or an epoxy (e.g., a thermoset network polymer formed from an epoxy and a hardener). Polyurethane is particularly advantageous because the structure comprises rigid segments (based on isocyanate groups) and soft flexible regions (based on diol groups), which makes it suitable for providing impact protection while maintaining flexibility. Other components may also be present. The use of a cross-linked polymer is particularly advantageous as this facilitates the distribution of forces throughout the polymer layer.

The composite structure may at least partially define one or both of the impact face and/or the back face, which may be disposed between the impact face and the back face, or both. In other words, it can be arranged both as an impact surface and behind the impact surface, so that any object impacting the impact surface can be brought into contact with the composite material. In some embodiments, the composite structure extends over or behind at least 50%, preferably at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95% of the area of the impact face. In some embodiments, the composite structure substantially completely (e.g., there may be an edge of the impact surface over which the cover extends) or completely defines the impact surface, or is disposed behind substantially all or all of the impact surface. In some embodiments, the body is defined by a composite structure. The composite structure may have a series of successive layers and may be arranged such that the layers are substantially aligned with a portion of the impact face (or one of the layers may define the impact face).

In an embodiment of any of the above aspects, the composite structure further comprises an armor layer or a ballistic layer. Thus, the composite structure may comprise at least a second type of high tensile layer in addition to the graphene layer. The armor or ballistic layer can have a higher tensile strength than the second layer and optionally the first layer, and thus provide a high tensile layer (e.g., the layer can have a tensile strength of at least 200MPa, at least 500MPa, at least 1000 MPa; e.g., 250MPa to 5000 MPa; 1000MPa to 5000 MPa). This can be measured, for example, by ASTM D7269, where the protective layer is a fiber-based layer, and ASTM D3039 for polymer matrix-based materials. The protective layer absorbs a portion of the impact and, together with the graphene layer, helps prevent penetration through the structure, with the aerogel layer acting as an impact absorbing layer to reduce the forces transmitted through the structure. In an embodiment, the protective layer comprises a metal, an alloy, a polymer and/or a carbonaceous material, preferably a polymer and/or a carbonaceous material. For example, the overcoat layer may comprise a high tensile polymer and/or a carbon fiber containing material. In further embodiments, the overcoat layer comprises a high tensile material selected from the group consisting of aramid (aromatic polyamide) fibers, aromatic polyamide fibers, boron fibers, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (e.g., fibers or sheets), poly (p-phenylene-2, 6-benzobisoxazole) (PBO), poly {2, 6-diimidazo [4,5-b:4',5' -e ] -pyridylidene-1, 4(2, 5-dihydroxy) phenylene } (PIPD), or combinations thereof. For example, in one embodiment the baffle layer is an UHMWPE textile having a weight between 100gsm and 1000gsm, optionally between 100gsm and 800gsm, between 100gsm and 200gsm or between 140gsm and 180 gsm. In the case of fibers, the layer may contain an adhesive, such as an epoxy. In an embodiment, the thickness of the overcoat layer is from 50 μm to 500 μm, optionally from 125 μm to 250 μm. In embodiments having a plurality of protective layers, each protective layer has a thickness of 50 μm to 500 μm, optionally 125 μm to 250 μm.

This is particularly advantageous where there is a combination of at least one graphene layer, at least one aerogel layer and at least one protective layer, as the protective layer provides a high tensile layer which acts as a barrier to penetration and at least partially reduces the impact force before the backing structure can absorb a significant portion (or the remainder) of the impact. This reduces the likelihood of failure of the aerogel layer at the initial peak force (particularly when disposed on the front side-i.e., as a layer at or near or adjacent to the impact surface), thereby reducing the likelihood of aerogel rupture. This, in turn, allows the aerogel to absorb more of the impact, thereby providing better protection.

In further embodiments, the protective layer comprises a staggered or interwoven arrangement of wound fibers. In other words, the armour layer comprises an arrangement having a cable or tape formed from a plurality of wound or spun fibres, wherein the cable or tape is arranged in a staggered or interwoven arrangement. In some embodiments, the wrapped fibers or cables are arranged in a crochet or warp knit pattern (e.g., raschel). In other embodiments, the protective layer comprises monofilaments arranged in a crochet or warp pattern. This may provide a much stronger layer than a standard woven layer of single and continuous fiber bundles ("tow" -e.g., carbon fiber tow consisting of thousands of continuous, non-twisted filaments). Moreover, the layers in these embodiments do not necessarily require any form of binder (e.g., polymeric resin).

In an embodiment, the composite structure is arranged such that the armour layer is adjacent to or defines the impact face. In this way, the armor layer may absorb the initial peak force and resist penetration, while the remaining layers deform to absorb the impact. Thus, in some embodiments, the protective layer is provided as an upper or front end layer, and the first and second layers are provided below or behind the protective layer. Thus, the protective layer acts as a cover layer and may be arranged as a first layer of the composite structure to receive the impact of an article or projectile. In an embodiment of the third aspect, the protective layer may be a layer other than the support screen.

In embodiments, the first layer (graphene layer) is a flexible first layer and/or the second layer (aerogel layer), if present, is a flexible second layer. The protective layer may also be flexible. Depending on the particular formulation and/or manufacturing process, each of the layers may be made flexible and/or elastic such that they may be at least partially deformed without breaking. For example, the first layer can comprise graphene and a flexible/elastic polymer (e.g., an elastomeric polymer), and/or the second layer can comprise a flexible aerogel (e.g., a crosslinked aerogel, such as a polyimide aerogel). Thus, they may provide a flexible body and optionally a flexible shield in the first and second aspects, and a flexible shield member and optionally a shield wall in the third aspect.

Although the first and second aspects have been described as two separate aspects, the shield in the first aspect may comprise a composite material comprising graphene, and may further comprise any of the features mentioned in relation to the embodiments disclosed in the second aspect. For example, the shield of the first aspect may comprise a composite material having at least one graphene layer, and may further comprise at least one second layer comprising an aerogel and/or a protective layer. Similarly, the shield of the second aspect may comprise any of the features of the embodiments disclosed in relation to the first aspect. For example, in addition to the connector arrangement being adapted such that an adjacent protective shield may be connected thereto, wherein the body of the adjacent protective shield abuts and/or overlaps the strike face of the protective shield at any point around the circumference of the strike face, it may also comprise any of the connector arrangements and/or retaining elements discussed in relation to the first aspect. The definitions set forth in relation to the features and words used in connection with the first, second and third aspects apply equally to both aspects.

In a fourth aspect, there is provided a protective shield wall comprising a plurality of protective shields of any one of the first and second aspects, wherein each of the protective shields is connected to at least one adjacent protective shield, the main body of which abuts and/or overlaps the strike face of the protective shield.

If the term "adapted" is used in the claims or the description, it is to be noted that the term "adapted" is intended to be equivalent to the term "configured".

Drawings

Specific embodiments of the present invention will now be discussed in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

fig. 1a to 1c show a front view, a rear view and a perspective view, respectively, of a protective shield according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 1d shows a cross-sectional view through the protective shield of FIGS. 1 a-1 c;

FIG. 2 shows a front view of the plurality of protective shields of FIGS. 1 a-1 c in a shield wall according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 illustrates a front view of the plurality of protective shields of FIGS. 1 a-1 c in a shield wall according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 illustrates a front view of a plurality of protective shields in a shield wall according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a protective shield according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 illustrates a rear view of the plurality of protective shields of FIG. 5 in a shield wall according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of a composite structure for use in an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 8 shows an SEM image of an aerogel layer having a graphene layer disposed thereon, at a magnification of 650 ×;

fig. 9 shows an SEM image of an aerogel layer having a graphene layer disposed thereon, at a magnification of 2000 ×;

FIG. 10 shows a front view of the test rig;

11a and 11b show front views of composite materials being tested in a test rig;

figures 12a and 12b show front views of composite materials subjected to ballistic testing;

FIGS. 13 and 14 show front views of embodiments of the shield wall assembly;

figures 15 and 16 show side views of the embodiment of figures 13 and 14; and

fig. 17 and 18 show a shield wall in an embodiment for a shield wall assembly.

Like reference numerals are used for like parts; for example, "100", "200", and "300" refer to the shield.

Detailed Description

A protective shield 100 according to an embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 1a to 1 c. The protective shield 100 comprises a main body 105, which in this embodiment has the shape of a cuboid. The body 105 has a rectangular front impact face 110 and an opposing rectangular back face 115, which are interconnected by edges 111, 112, 113, 114. Thus, the strike face 110 and the back face each have a perimeter defined by edges 111, 112, 113, 114. Disposed between the impact face 110 and the back face 115 is a ballistic resistant composite material 170 that is capable of resisting the passage of projectiles through the body 105. Composite structure 170 will be discussed in more detail below.

The protective shield 100 further includes a connector arrangement including a corresponding set of male 125 and female 126 connector elements disposed on the body 105 so that the shield 100 can be connected to an adjacent protective shield 100. In particular, the connector arrangement includes four releasable elongate male connector strips 125 disposed around the periphery of the strike face 110, with one of the male connector strips 125 disposed adjacent each of the four edges 111, 112, 113, 114 of the body 105. The connector arrangement further includes four releasable elongated female connector strips 126 disposed around the periphery of the rear face 115, with one of the female connector strips 126 disposed adjacent to but offset from each of the four edges 111, 112, 113, 114 of the body 105. In this manner, male connector strips 125 disposed on the front strike face 110 of the shield 100 may be connected to female connector strips 126 on the back face 115 of the second shield 100. Each male connector strip 125 extends along a majority of the length of its adjacent respective edge 111, 112, 113, 114. Although this does not form a complete continuous array of connector strips, due to the shape of these connector strips 125 and the arrangement of the female connector strips 126, this arrangement allows the shield 100 to overlap another shield 100 at any point around the perimeter of the strike face 110 (and similarly, the perimeter of the strike face 110 of another shield 100).

The protective shield 100 also includes a handle 130 disposed in the center of the back face 115 of the body 105 to allow a user to hold the shield with the strike face 110 facing outward. In this embodiment, the handle of the handle 130 is an elongated strip of material, with the top and bottom of the handle 130 sewn to the back side 115 to allow the user to place their hand or arm between the middle of the handle 130 and the back side 115. In this embodiment, although not required, the handle 130 is also provided with the same releasable female connector material as the female connector strip 126, so that the handle 130 can also be connected to the male connector strip 125.

In fig. 1d a cross section through the shield 100 is shown, where a part of the composite structure 170 for this structure is visible (for clarity only a small part of the height of the composite structure 170 is shown). The composite structure 170 includes a plurality of graphene layers 172a, 172b, 172c, 172I and a plurality of aerogel layers 173a, 173b, 173c, 173I. The graphene layers 172a-172c, 172I and aerogel layers 173a-173c, 173I alternate such that the composite structure 170 has a repeating structure of graphene layer/aerogel structure/graphene layer/aerogel layer. In this way, there is an outermost graphene layer 172a immediately adjacent to the strike face 110, behind which is an aerogel layer 173 a. The structure is then repeated such that after the first aerogel layer 173a there is a second graphene layer 172b adjacent to the second aerogel layer 173b, followed by a third set of layers 172c, 173c, which repeats until a final graphene layer 172I and a final aerogel layer 173I. Although not visible in FIG. 2, the layers 172a-172c, l73a-l73c, l73I of the structure 170 are bonded together by means of an adhesive disposed between the layers. A cover layer 180 is provided on either side of the composite structure, forming the outermost layer defining the strike face 110 and the back face 115 of the shield 100.

In use, a plurality of protective shields 100 may be used to form the protective shield wall 150, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, when desired. In particular, the male connector strips 125 of the shield 100 may be connected to the female connector strips 126 of adjacent shield 100, thereby securing the shield 100 together along the edges 112. In this case, since the connector strips 125, 126 are both disposed on the rear strike face 115 and the front strike face 110, this creates an overlap of the strike faces 110 of the two shield shields 100, thereby creating a continuous strike face that ensures adequate shielding is provided. In other words, the main bodies 105 of adjacent protective shields 100 overlap. By means of the arrangement of the elongated connector strips 125, 126, the shield 100 may receive another shield 100, wherein the second shield 100 overlaps with any portion of the perimeter of the shield 100. In particular, by virtue of the positioning of the elongated male connector strips 125 extending over a majority of the length of the edges 111, 112, 113 and 114 and the arrangement of the elongated female connector strips 126, this results in an overlap of the strike faces 110 to form a continuous strike face 110.

As shown in fig. 2, this interconnection may be continued by adding additional protective shields 100 on the protective shield wall 150, wherein six protective shields 100 have been attached in this manner. In this case, a row of four protective shields 100 has been formed, wherein the elongated edges 112, 114 of two protective shields 100 overlap with the adjacent shield 100 at the center. Two more protective shields 100 have been added to overlap the top edges 111 of two of the other shields 100 in the wall 150, adding further protection. As can be seen from fig. 2 and 3, due to the arrangement of the connector straps 125, 126, the shields 100 may be arranged such that they need not be perfectly aligned and may be received at any portion of the perimeter while still providing some degree of overlap of the strike faces 110. This makes it easier to form the protective shield wall 150 in a stress situation.

This is particularly advantageous because the protective shield 100 can be carried separately or stored separately and then assembled into the wall 150 when needed. For example, each shield 100 may be carried in a rucksack or backpack (e.g., as an integral part of the rucksack), and then may be removed from the rucksack and assembled with other active shields 100 into the wall 150.

In this embodiment, the composite structure 170 is provided by forming a plurality of aerogel substrate layers having graphene formed thereon and laminating them into the composite structure 170. In this case, graphene is disposed on the aerogel substrate using graphene in the form of ink. This is accomplished by dispersing the graphene platelets in a solvent, applying the ink to the surface of the aerogel and removing the solvent to leave a layer of graphene platelets on the surface. This allows graphene layers to be applied to aerogels simply and relatively inexpensively. Furthermore, no additional additives (e.g. matrix) are required in this layer. It has been found that the presence of many graphene and aerogel layers in a repeating manner in the composite structure 170 provides a particularly strong yet flexible composite structure. Thus, the structure 170 is particularly useful for preventing penetration and absorbing impact, as the presence of multiple discrete structures means that failure (e.g., cracking or breaking) of one aerogel layer or armor layer does not necessarily result in failure of the structure, as there are other impact absorbing layers. Furthermore, further effects have been observed, wherein an increase in the number of layers leads to an increase in the effectiveness of earlier layers in the structure.

In fig. 4, another embodiment is shown, where there is a shield wall 250 comprising six flexible protective shields 200. Each shield 200 includes a main body 210, in this case the main body 210 having a rounded cuboid shape with a flat front impact face 210 and an opposite flat rear face (not visible). Between the impact face and the back face 310 is a flexible composite structure (not visible) that is used to provide impact protection. The shield 200 further comprises a hook and loop (or hook and peg) releasable fastening arrangement (such as Velcro @)^TM) A connector arrangement in the form of a first connector part in the form of a hook-containing connector element 225 provided on the strike face 210 and a second connector part in the form of a loop-containing connector element (not shown) provided on the rear face. In this case, the hook-containing connector element 225 is an elongated strip that extends around the circumference of the strike face 210 adjacent the periphery of the strike face 210.The ring-containing connector element is disposed on the back face and covers an entire surface of the back face.

In this manner, in use, the entire back face of the first shield 200 including the loop-containing connector element may be pressed against the hook-containing connector 225 on the front strike face 210 of the second shield 200 to secure the first shield 200 and form an overlap of the strike faces 210, as well as form the protective shield wall 250. The arrangement and type of connector elements 225 used allows for quick and direct connection of the shield 200. Further, the shape and arrangement can be readily customized to form a particular wall 250 that suits particular needs when assembling the wall. Moreover, the connector arrangement makes it very straightforward and intuitive so that the wall 250 can be assembled under pressure and stress. The wall in this embodiment 250 is both a strong and flexible shielding wall 250 and thus may be adapted to more completely cover one or more persons.

In fig. 5, another embodiment is shown, where there is a shield 300 comprising a cube 310 with a flat front strike face (not visible) and an opposite flat back face 310. Between the strike and back faces 310 is a composite structure (not visible) for providing impact protection, and the strike and back faces 310 are connected by four edges 311, 312, 313, 314. Two handles 330 are on the back 310 that allow the user to grasp the shield 300 with the strike face facing away from the user. The shield 300 further comprises a connector means consisting of a series of pressure sensitive adhesive dots 325 arranged in a spaced array along each of the edges 311, 312, 313, 314, which can be adhered to the second protective shield 300. In particular, these adhesive dots 325 may be adhered to corresponding adhesive dots disposed on the second protective shield 300 or to any other surface (e.g., edge) of the second protective shield 300.

Thus, as shown in fig. 6, in use, the shield 300 may be connected to other protective shields 300 to form a shield wall 350. In particular, shield 300 may be aligned and edges 311, 312, 313, 314 pressed against each other to form shield wall 350. In some cases, the adhesive dots 325 may be covered by a removable protective tape (not shown) that is removed prior to connection to the adjacent shield 300. With the edges 311, 312, 313, 314 joined to one another by means of adhesive dots 325, the strike faces of the shield 300 abut one another to form a continuous strike face wall. Which can then be used to protect one or more users.

As shown in fig. 7, the composite structure 470 includes alternating aerogel layers 473 and graphene layers 472, and further includes another set of protective layers 474 intermediate each pair of aerogel layers 473 and graphene layers 472. Thus, the composite structure 470 has a repeating pattern of protective layer 474/graphene layer 472/aerogel layer 473. The protective layer 474 is a ballistic or penetration resistant high tensile layer disposed on top of the composite structure 470 and in front of each of the graphene layer 472 and the aerogel layer 473 (i.e., in the direction of the incident impact force). The protective layer absorbs a portion of the impact and helps prevent penetration of the structure. In a particular embodiment of the composite structure 470, the protective layer 474 of the composite structure 470 is an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) layer having a thickness of 180 microns. In this embodiment, graphene layer 472 is a 20 micron thick graphene platelet layer disposed on aerogel layer 473. In this case, graphene platelets are disposed on each aerogel layer 473 using graphene in ink form. This is accomplished by dispersing the graphene platelets in a solvent, applying the ink to the surface of the aerogel and removing the solvent to leave a layer of graphene platelets on the surface. This allows the graphene layers to be applied to each aerogel layer 473 simply and relatively inexpensively. Furthermore, no further additives (e.g. matrix) are required in this layer. The aerogel used in the aerogel layer 473 was a 125 micron thick polyimide aerogel layer. The composite structure 470 may be arranged in the body of the protective shield with the uppermost protective layer 474 facing or acting as a strike face. Fig. 8 and 9 show SEM images of single-layer graphene platelets on a single-layer aerogel at 650x and 2000x magnification. The structure of the graphene platelets can be clearly seen here. Using the methods disclosed herein, dense graphene layers can be formed on aerogels, providing a strong, resilient overlayer or protective layer.

A deployable shield wall assembly 680 according to an embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 13-16. As can be seen in fig. 13, the deployable shield wall assembly 680 includes: deployable shield walls 681 for providing protection against projectiles or impacts; a frame 682, deployable side walls 681 are received within the frame 682. The frame 682 is defined by an upper member 691 of a retaining member 690, the retaining member 690 being connected to the deployable shielding walls 681 at the top of the shielding walls 681 to retain the shielding walls 681 upwardly, opposite the vertically extending side members 697 and lower members 689. In this embodiment, the frame 682 has a rectangular shape with a central opening or void 692 in which the shielding walls 681 can be received. As will be set forth in greater detail below, the deployable shield wall 681 is deployable between a retracted configuration (shown in fig. 14) in which it is not received within the opening 692, and a deployed configuration (shown in fig. 13) in which it is fully received within the opening 692, to provide protection against projectiles or impacts.

The deployable shielding wall 681, which can be more clearly seen in fig. 13, 15 and 16, includes a penetration resistant support screen 683, a number of shielding members 685, each of the shielding members 685 comprising a composite structure and attached to the support screen 683. Each shield member also includes a pair of fastening elements 688 for providing further structure to the wall 681 when in the deployed configuration. Here, fastening elements 688 are placed on the side edges of the deployable shielding walls 681. Each shield member 685 also includes two fastening elements 688, one at an uppermost edge and one at a lowermost edge of the shield member 685, such that the fastening elements 688 are located within overlapping portions of the shield member 685.

The support screen 683 is formed from a continuous sheet of ballistic resistant fabric; in this case, the ballistic resistant fabric is formed from cut and stab resistant woven Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE). The penetration resistant support screen 683 includes a plurality of pockets 684 on its back face for receiving the shield members 685. In this embodiment, a plurality of pockets 684 are vertically arranged along the length of the penetration resistant buttress mesh 683, with each of the pockets 684 extending across the entire width of the penetration resistant buttress mesh 683. The pockets 684 are secured to the penetration resistant support screen 683 along their upper edges such that a given combination of pocket 684 and shield member 685 can pivot about the upper edges away from the penetration resistant support screen 683. The recesses 684 completely enclose their corresponding shield members 685, such that the shield members 685 cannot be removed without first opening the recesses 684.

The shield members 685 of the deployable shield wall 681 each have a front impact face 686 and an opposite back face 687, with the composite structure arranged in layers defining these faces 686, 687 and extending parallel to these faces 686, 687, as will be explained in more detail below. This configuration achieves maximum ballistic performance when the impact face is oriented toward the oncoming projectile. For clarity, in this embodiment, the strike or front face 686 is the face of a given panel 685 that is oriented toward the penetration resistant support screen 683 when it is in the deployed configuration; similarly, the opposite or back surface 687 is an opposite surface of the panel 685. In this embodiment, the composite structure of the shield member 685 may be the same as set forth with respect to earlier embodiments, such as fig. 7.

As described above, the frame 682 is defined by a retaining element 690 opposite the vertically extending side member 697 and lower member 689. In this embodiment, the lower member 689 and the side members 697 are formed of hardened steel and are connected together with a retaining element 690 to provide a rigid, self-supporting frame 682. As seen in the front view of fig. 13, the lower member 689 has a smaller profile than the remaining members so that it does not disrupt access through the central opening 692, thereby allowing the assembly 690 to be placed in, for example, a doorway. Although not shown, the lower member 689 includes an engagement element (not shown) adapted to engage with a lower edge of the shield member.

In this embodiment, the deployable shielding wall 681 has a retaining element 690 attached at the uppermost point of the penetration resistant support screen 683 so that it hangs from that point when deployed. In particular, the upper edge of the support screen 683 is clamped between the upper member 691 and the clamping member 693. The clamping members 693 are elongate members that extend along the length of the upper member 691 to allow equal pressure to be applied across the entire clamped area of the penetration resistant support screen 683, thereby minimizing the risk of tearing or other failure. The clamping members 693 also allow the deployable shield wall 681 to be easily replaced as a complete unit, for example after damage due to a projectile or impact. A safety catch (not shown) is used so that the clamping member 693 can only be released by authorized personnel.

The holding element 690 also includes a deployment mechanism in the form of a release mechanism. The release mechanism includes two releasable latches 694 (only one visible in fig. 16), each of which is located near the top of each side member 697 of the frame 682. Each catch 694 engages an engagement element 695 located at the bottom of the corresponding side edge of the deployable shielding wall 681 when the wall 681 is in its retracted configuration. The latch 694 is operatively connected to a controller (not shown) that is arranged to release the latch upon detection of an event (e.g., an alarm or manual trigger). The snap lock 694 is also configured such that when the shielding walls 681 are retracted after use, i.e., moving the walls 681 from their deployed configuration to their retracted configuration, they automatically engage. Suitable latches 694 and engagement members 695 include, for example, manual latches or electromagnetic latches.

Deployable shield wall 681 is shown in its retracted configuration in fig. 16. It can be seen that the penetration resistant support screen 683 and the shield members 685 are in a folded state in which they are folded together into a compact arrangement in which the shield members 685 are stacked together and parallel to one another such that the strike face of one shield member 685 faces directly towards the opposite back face of the shield member 685 below it; the folded over portion of the penetration resistant support screen 683 itself is located in the gap between the faces. In this figure, the recesses 684 are shown, but their upper edge connections are not shown.

Deployable shield wall 681 is shown in its deployed configuration in fig. 15. Here, the composite shield member 685 is in an expanded state and effectively forms a continuous impact barrier behind the penetration resistant support screen 683; in other words, at any point of the penetration resistant support screen 683, there is at least one shield member directly or indirectly (i.e., in the presence of an air gap) behind the penetration resistant support screen 683 such that the deployable shield wall 681 has little or no weak points. The shield members 685 are configured to overlap one another such that at certain points of the penetration resistant support screen 683, there are two shield members 685 behind the penetration resistant support screen 683. In particular, the lowermost portion of the strike face 686 of one shield member will abut against the uppermost portion of the opposing face 687 of the shield member 685 directly below it. In this embodiment, about 5cm of the upper shield member overlaps the shield member directly therebelow. This is advantageous because the joint between the shield members 685, which may otherwise be a weak point, is strengthened.

The expandable shielding walls 681 are sized such that when expanded, the shielding walls 681 cover the entire central opening 692 of the retaining element 690. In this embodiment, deployable shielding walls 681 overlap each of the side members 697 and the upper member 690.

In use, the deployable shield walls 681 are initially folded in their retracted configuration. In response to a sensed threat, a release mechanism may be operated (manually or automatically, depending on the control system used) to release the catch 694 and deploy the shielding walls 681. With the shield wall 681 released, it falls under gravity. This moves the shielding walls 681 from their retracted configuration, in which the shielding members 685 are stacked parallel to each other in the folded state, to their deployed configuration, in which the shielding members 685 overlap each other. When moved to its deployed configuration, the fastening devices on the shield members 685 engage such that each shield member is secured to its adjacent shield member 685. This means that the shield members 685 are rigidly connected to each other. In addition, the engagement element provided on the lower member 689 is also engaged with the lower edge of the shielding wall 681. This ensures that a significant force is required to move wall 681 away from frame 682.

In this position, the shielding walls 681 provide a barrier through the openings 692, thereby protecting people or objects on both sides of the barrier, particularly behind the back, from threats such as projectiles (e.g., bullets) or impacts (e.g., blunt or bladed weapons). In addition, the shielding wall 681 serves as a barrier against passing therethrough. Thus, the assembly may be placed in any opening, such as a doorway or an entire room, to provide quick and secure protection in the event of a threat. In some embodiments, the lower member 689 of the frame 682 may be recessed into the floor or ground. This is advantageous because the passage through the central opening 692 is improved.

When the threat ends, the shielding walls 681 may be retracted. In this embodiment, the shield walls 681 can be disengaged from the engagement elements of the lower member 689, and the fastening elements 688 can be disengaged. The shielding wall 681 can be folded back to the state shown in fig. 16 and reattached to the snap 694. Then, assuming that the deployable shielding wall 681 is not damaged, it can be reused. If the shield walls 681 have been damaged to the extent that replacement is recommended, the shield walls 681 can be released from the clamping members 693 and replaced. Such replacement may be easily performed in view of the lightweight of the composite structure used in the shield member 685, as well as the simplicity and assembly design of the release mechanism.

The above examples are purely illustrative of how embodiments of the invention may be provided. Other embodiments are possible. Modifications include, for example:

in other embodiments, the fastening device 688, the snap lock 694, the engagement element 695, and the engagement element on the lower member 689 may be electromagnetic fastening devices. In some embodiments, the side and lower edges of the shielding walls 681 can be provided with electromagnets configured to engage the corresponding side members 697 or otherwise. In some embodiments, the fastening devices 688 placed on each shield member are positioned and configured to engage the side members 697 of the frame 682 through the penetration resistant support screen 683. This configuration is advantageous because the fastening device can securely hold both the penetration resistant support screen 683 and the separate shield member 685 to the retention element 690. However, in some embodiments, both the penetration resistant support screen 683 and the shield member 685 can include fastening devices.

Another embodiment of the shielding wall 781 is shown in fig. 17. The shield wall 781 is shown isolated from the shield wall assembly but may be used in the shield wall assembly 681 of fig. 13-16 or may be used as part of any other shield wall assembly in accordance with the present invention. In the embodiment of fig. 17, the shield wall 781 includes a plurality of shield members 785 that do not overlap with each other, but are sized such that in the deployed configuration, a top shield member 785 meets a bottom portion of an adjacent shield member 785 (i.e., abuts the adjacent shield member 785). Without overlap, the interaction between the shield members 785 is less so that the walls 781 can be more easily stored in a rolled configuration rather than the stacked configuration of the embodiment of fig. 13-16. Furthermore, the shield member 785 is attached to the penetration resistant support screen 783 around its entire perimeter, rather than only around the upper edge as in the above-described embodiments; thus, the shield member 785 maintains its position relative to the penetration resistant support mesh 783 without any fastening devices 688 therebetween. It should be understood that the shielding members 785 of the shielding walls 781 may also be stacked as in the previous embodiment, as shown in fig. 17.

Fig. 18 shows a further development of the embodiment of fig. 17, in which there are two shielding members 885 making up the shielding wall 881. In this embodiment, the edges of the shield member 885 are complementary. In particular, the bottom of the upper shield member 885 is shaped to correspond to the top of the shield member 885 directly below it. In the embodiment shown in fig. 18, a ball and cup design is shown. This design may provide improved ballistic performance at the joint between the shield members 885.

Although shown as having a frame, such a frame is not required. For example, the holding element may be suspended by attachment to a ceiling or another surface. Alternatively, the retaining element may be located on the floor and the shielding walls are spread out laterally or vertically upwards.

Examples of the invention

Specific examples of composite structures for the shield and shield wall of the present invention are provided below:

example 1

A125 μm flexible polyimide aerogel layer (Aero zero 125 micron polyimide aerogel film from BlueShift (US)) was cut to size and coated with a 20 μm polyurethane layer (PX 30; Xencast UK flexible series PU resin System. manufacturer reported characteristics: hardness 30-35 (Shore A), tensile strength 0.7MPa-1.2MPa, elongation at break 100% -155%, tear strength 3.5kN/m-3.8kN/m) using a slot die process. After coating, the polyurethane layer was cured at room temperature for 12 hours. The aerogel/polyurethane composite structure layer (backing structure) was then cut to size.

An ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fabric (Spectra 1000; 200D; Honeywell; 80 gsm; warp 24 Tex; fill 25 Tex; warp x fill/10 cm177x 177; plain weave) was cut to the same size as the backing structure and then applied to the upper surface of the backing structure (i.e., the exposed surface of the polyurethane layer).

The laminate structure is then further constructed by adding additional alternating backing structure layers (i.e., combined aerogel/polyurethane layers) and UHMWPE fabric to form a multilayer composite structure. In particular, an additional backing structure layer (i.e. a combination of an aerogel layer and a polyurethane layer) is then applied on top of the first UHMWPE fabric layer, and the aerogel layer of the additional backing structure layer is applied to the UHMWPE fabric layer. An additional UHMWPE fabric layer is then applied on top of the secondary backing structure. This process was repeated to provide a multilayer composite structure comprising 60 alternating aerogel/polyurethane layers and UHMWPE layers (i.e., 30 backing structures and 30 UHMWPE layers).

Such a laminated structure is both flexible and lightweight and can therefore be incorporated into body armor. The laminate structure also provides effective protection from tool impact by absorbing the impact forces and preventing the tool from penetrating the laminate structure.

Example 2

A125 μm flexible polyimide aerogel layer (Aero zero 125 micron polyimide aerogel film from BlueShift (US)) was cut to size and coated with 20 μm graphene layer (Elicarb graphene powder; Thomas Swan Limited company (UK) product number PR0953) in a polyurethane matrix (PX 30; Xencast UK flexible series PU resin System. characteristics reported by the manufacturer: hardness 30-35 (Shore A); tensile strength 0.7MPa-1.2 MPa; elongation at break 100% -155%; tear strength 3.5kN/m-3.8 kN/m). After coating, the graphene/polyurethane layer is cured and then cut to size.

The graphene/polyurethane layer contained 5 wt% functionalized graphene (eliarb graphene powder; Thomas Swan ltd (UK) product number PR0953) dispersed in the polyurethane prior to slot die processing. More specifically, prior to dispersion, the graphene was subjected to an "oxygen" functionalized plasma treatment using the Hydale HDLPAS process described in WO 2010/142953 a1 (alternatively, the plasma functionalized graphene nanoplatelets are commercially available from Hydale "HDPLAS GNP", e.g. HDPlas GNP-O2 or HDPLAS GNP-COOH). After treatment, the graphene and polyurethane were pre-mixed in a planetary centrifugal mixer, and then the resin was degassed under vacuum to remove air bubbles. The mixture was then passed through the dispersion stage using a three-roll mill (gap <5 μm at 40 ℃) and eight passes were made. The graphene/polyurethane mixture was then mixed with a hardener and subsequently degassed using a planetary centrifugal mixer.

After the graphene/polyurethane mixture was made, it was layered on a polypropylene sheet with 20 μm calendered wire rods (thickness adjusted to 20 μm). After the layering was completed, the layers were dried. However, before the graphene/polyurethane layer is fully cured, the aerogel is adhered to the layer to bond the layers together. The bonding layer constituting the structure was then cured for 24 hours, after which the bonding layer of aerogel and polyurethane/graphene resin mixture was cut into a certain shape.

An ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fabric (Spectra 1000; 200D; Honeywell; 80 gsm; warp 24 Tex; fill 25 Tex; warp x fill/10 cm177x 177; plain weave) was cut to the same size as the backing structure and then applied to the upper surface of the backing structure (i.e., the exposed surface of the polyurethane layer).

The composite structure is then further constructed by adding additional alternating graphene and aerogel layers between each pair of graphene and aerogel layers and UHMWPE fabric to form a multilayer composite structure. This process was repeated to provide a multilayer composite structure comprising 90 layers, the 90 layers comprising 30 aerogel layers, 30 graphene/polyurethane layers and 30 UHMWPE layers having a repeating structure: UHMWPE/graphene layer/aerogel layer. The layers of the composite structure are bonded together.

Such composite structures are both flexible and lightweight and can therefore be incorporated into body armor. The composite structure also provides effective protection from tool impact by absorbing the impact forces and preventing the tool from penetrating the composite structure.

Example 3

Using the techniques described with respect to examples 1 and 2 above, a composite structure comprising 26 layers of UHMWPE fibers alternating with 25 layers of backing structure (DOYENTRONTEX ballistic resistant unidirectional sheet; WB-674; 160 g/m)²(ii) a Thickness 0.21 mm). The backing structure comprised a 125 μm flexible polyimide aerogel (Aerozero 125 micron film from BlueShift corporation (US)) laminated with 20 μm polyurethane layers (PX 60; Xencast UK) (i.e. 25 aerogel layers alternating with 25 polyurethane layers). In this example, 0.2% graphene (Elicarb graphene powder; Thomas Swan, Inc. (UK) product number PR0953) was injected into the polyurethane using the technique described in connection with example 2. Thus, the composite structure has the following repeating pattern arrangement of layers: "… UHMWPE layer/polyurethane + graphene layer/aerogel layer/UHMWPE layer/polyurethane + graphene layer/aerogel layer …".

Example 4

Using the techniques described with respect to examples 1 and 2 above, the composite structure comprised 26 UHMWPE fabric layers (Spectra 1000; 200D; Honeywell; 80 gsm; warp 24 Tex; fill 25 Tex; warp x fill/10 cm177x 177; plain weave), 25 125 μm flexible polyimide aerogel layers (AeroZero 125 micron membranes from BlueShift corporation (US)) and 25 20 μm polyurethane layers (PX 60; Xencast UK) doped with 1% graphene (elica graphene powder; Thomas Swan company ltd. (UK) product number PR 0953). Thus, the laminate has the following repeating pattern arrangement of layers: "… UHMWPE layer/polyurethane + graphene layer/aerogel layer/UHMWPE layer/polyurethane + graphene layer/aerogel layer …".

Example 5

Another composite structure includes a repeating structure comprising an aerogel film (125 μm flexible polyimide aerogel; AeroZero 125 micron film from BlueShift (US)), graphene particle-infused epoxy resin (elicorb graphene powder; Thomas Swan ltd. k. product No. PR0953) and a high tensile Polyoxymethylene (POM) layer (Delrin). Thus, the composite structure has aerogel/graphene infused epoxy/POM subunits that repeat throughout the structure to form a composite structure having alternating graphene and aerogel-containing layers.

Composite structure 1101 is fabricated by first functionalizing graphene nanoplatelets in a Haydale plasma reactor (using a carboxyl process), and then dispersing the graphene nanoplatelets in a flexible epoxy resin. The graphene/epoxy mixture was then coated on the aerogel film by slot die and then delaminated using a POM layer (in fabric form). The subunits were then vacuum cured at room temperature. The structure is then constructed by bonding a plurality of subunits to each other on top of each other to form a composite structure. In this way, the aerogel layer of one subunit is bonded to the POM layer of an adjacent subunit. Furthermore, the lowermost subunit of the composite structure has a POM layer on its underside, such that the POM layers form an uppermost layer and a lowermost layer.

The composite structure is flexible, strong and lightweight.

Example 6

A composite structure comprising 12 sets of individual substructures stacked on top of each other, each substructure comprising 9 layers of UHMWPE fibers (DOYENTRONTEX ballistic resistant unidirectional sheets; WB-674; 160 g/m) on top of 9 layers of 125 μm flexible polyimide aerogel (AeroZero 125 micron membranes from BlueShift corporation (US)) layered with graphene layers, was prepared²(ii) a Thickness 0.21 mm). The graphene layer is formed by an inking technique.

In particular, graphene layers were formed using graphene-containing inks (LTR 4905; Heraeus Noblelight, Inc.). The graphene-containing ink was a combination of 4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one and dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether as solvent and vehicle with a graphene loading of 20 wt%. The graphene in the ink was a Perpetuus graphene with a transverse platelet size of 15 μm, which had been functionalized with amines.

The ink was applied to the surface of the aerogel using a 6 μm K-bar (K hand coater from Testing Machines, Inc.). It is believed that the shear rate associated with applying the ink on the aerogel aligns the graphene flakes parallel to the aerogel surface. As the layer dries, the solvent evaporates, resulting in a final layer thickness of 2 to 3 μm. It is believed that solvent evaporation causes the graphene platelets to align further parallel to the aerogel surface. The ink was then subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature of 125 ℃ for 10 minutes to remove residual solvent and harden the polymer. This leaves a layer of graphene platelets on the surface. Thus, the composite structure has the following arrangement of layers: "… UHMWPE layer/graphene layer/aerogel layer/graphene layer/aerogel layer …", has 12 repeating units or subsets.

A 25cm wide by 18cm high composite structure was placed in a bag made of UHMWPE fabric comprising a handle on one face and hook and loop fasteners on both major front and back faces to form a connector device. The composite structure and shield are flexible, strong and lightweight.

Example 7

Using the techniques described with respect to the above examples, the composite structure comprised five UHMWPE layers (UHMWPE fabric (Spectra 1000; 200D; Honeywell; 80 gsm; warp 24 Tex; fill 25 Tex; warp x fill/10 cm177x 177; plain weave)) alternating with five backing layers (five layers of 1% graphene platelet doped polyurethane prepared as described in the previous examples, and five 125 μm flexible polyimide aerogel layers (AeroZero 125 micron films from blueft corporation (US)). The laminate structure also included a crochet-like (see fig. 9 and accompanying description) of 1.0mm UHMWPE braided wire wrapped around the plate edges to improve performance. The test results show no penetration in the stab resistance test, with minimal indentation in the plasticine clay bed, which is clearly superior to the commercial standard.

Example 8

A composite structure comprising 6 separate sets of substructures stacked on top of each other, each substructure comprising 9 layers of UHMWPE fibers (DOYENTRONTEX ballistic resistant unidirectional sheets; WB-674; 160 g/m) on top of 9 layers of 125 μm flexible polyimide aerogel (AeroZero 125 micron membranes from BlueShift corporation (US)) layered with graphene layers, was prepared²(ii) a Thickness 0.21 mm). The graphene layer was formed by the inking method described above with respect to example 6. In particular, graphene layers were formed by applying ink onto the surface of the aerogel using graphene-containing ink (LTR 4905; Heraeus Noblelight, Inc.), as described with respect to example 6. Thus, the composite structure has the following arrangement of layers: "… UHMWPE layer/graphene layer/aerogel layer/graphene layer/aerogel layer …", repeated 6 times. An additional set of 9 layers of UHMWPE fibers (DOYENTRONTEX ballistic resistant unidirectional sheets; WB-674; 160 g/m) is provided on the basis of the composite structure (below the last set of graphene/aerogel layers)²(ii) a Thickness 0.21 mm).

The composite structure is flexible, strong and lightweight. For testing, the composite structure was placed into a pocket made of UHMWPE fibers, as can be seen in fig. 11a and 11 b.

Example 9

Using the techniques described with respect to the above examples, a laminate structure was prepared comprising 52 UHMWPE fabric layers alternating with 51 backing structure layers (Spectra 1000; 200D; Honeywell; 80 gsm; warp 24 Tex; weft 25 Tex; warp x weft/10 cm177x 177; plain weave). The backing structure comprised a 125 μm flexible polyimide aerogel (Aerozero 125 micron film from BlueShift corporation (US)) layered with a 20 μm polyurethane layer (PX 60; Xencast UK flexible series PU resin system). The manufacturer reports: hardness 60-65 (Shore A); the tensile strength is 3.4MPa to 3.8 MPa; elongation at break is 200% -260%; tear strength 19.0-23.0 kN/m) (i.e., 51 aerogel layers alternating with 51 polyurethane layers). Thus, the laminate has the following repeating pattern arrangement of layers: "… UHMWPE layer/polyurethane layer/aerogel layer/UHMWPE layer/polyurethane layer/aerogel layer …".

Example 10

Using the techniques described with respect to the above examples, a laminate structure was prepared comprising a stack of 52 UHMWPE fabric layers (Spectra 1000; 200D; Honeywell; 80 gsm; warp yarn 24 Tex; weft yarn 25 Tex; Encs x Picks/10cm 177x 177; plain weave) and a stack of 51 backing structures. Thus, the laminate structure comprised 52 UHMWPE fabric layers, followed by 51 backing structures. Each backing structure comprised a 125 μm flexible polyimide aerogel (AeroZero 125 micron film from BlueShift corporation (US)) layered with a 20 μm polyurethane layer (PX 60; Xencast UK). Thus, the laminate has the following pattern arrangement of layers: UHMWPE layer/polyurethane layer/aerogel layer … polyurethane layer/aerogel layer. Thus, example 10 differs from example 9 in the order of the overcoat and backing structures.

Example 11

Using the techniques described with respect to the above examples, a laminate structure was prepared comprising 26 UHMWPE fabric layers alternating with 25 backing structure layers (Spectra 1000; 200D; Honeywell; 80 gsm; warp 24 Tex; fill 25 Tex; warp x fill/10 cm177x 177; plain weave). The backing structure comprised a 125 μm flexible polyimide aerogel (Aerozero 125 micron film from BlueShift corporation (US)) laminated with 20 μm polyurethane layers (PX 60; Xencast UK) (i.e. 25 aerogel layers alternating with 25 polyurethane layers). Thus, the laminate has the following repeating pattern arrangement of layers: "… UHMWPE layer/polyurethane layer/aerogel layer/UHMWPE layer/polyurethane layer/aerogel layer …".

Example 12

Using the techniques described with respect to the examples above, a laminate structure was prepared comprising 51 front structural layers on top of 52 protective backing layers (UHMWPE fabric (Spectra 1000; 200D; Honeywell; 80 gsm; warp yarn 24 Tex; weft yarn 25 Tex; warp yarn x weft yarn/10 cm177x 177; plain weave). the front structure comprised a 125 μm flexible polyimide aerogel (AeroZero 125 micron membrane from BlueShift corporation (US)) layered with 20 μm polyurethane layers (PX 60; xenon UK) (i.e. 25 aerogel layers alternating with 25 polyurethane layers). thus, the laminate had the "polyurethane layer/aerogel layer/polyurethane layer/aerogel layer … polyurethane layer/aerogel layer/UHMWPE layer … UHMWPE layer/UHMWPE layer" arranged with a gel layer.

Example 13

A composite structure comprising 4 separate sets of layers stacked on top of each other was preparedEach comprising 9 layers of UHMWPE fibers (DOYENTRONTEX ballistic resistant unidirectional sheets; WB-674; 160 g/m) on top of 9 125 μm flexible polyimide aerogel layers (AeroZero 125 micron membranes from BlueShift corporation (US)) layered with graphene layers²(ii) a Thickness 0.21 mm). The graphene layer was formed by the inking method described above with respect to example 6. Thus, the composite structure has the following arrangement of layers: "… UHMWPE layer/graphene layer/aerogel layer …". Each substructure is then provided with a bottom layer of UHMWPE fibers and bonded around its edges with UHMWPE threads to form discrete substructures.

The composite structure also included a crochet weave pattern of 1.0mm UHMWPE braided wire (see fig. 9 and accompanying description) with the UHMWPE wire wrapped around the sheet edges to improve performance. A crochet cloth sample is placed on top of the composite structure. This structure can be seen in fig. 12a and 12 b.

Comparative example 1

The existing commercially available laminate structures widely used in puncture resistant articles of wear were selected as a comparison to the examples described above. The comparative example includes a laminated structure including: 12 layers of Kevlar fabric/slit felt/chain armor layer/slit felt/12 layers of Kevlar fabric. The laminate structures of examples 1 and 2 were tested together with comparative examples.

Comparative example 2

It is evident from observation and testing that a significant portion of the force of any impact in the structure of comparative example 1 is dispersed in the plane of the layers by the chain armour layer, and therefore the laminated structure of comparative example 1 is also tested with the chain armour removed. Therefore, comparative example 2 was constituted by a laminate structure comprising 12 layers of kevlar fabric/slit felt/12 layers of kevlar fabric.

Testing

In addition to the tests mentioned in relation to the specific examples above, further tests were carried out:

penetration resistance test

Testing was performed using test rig 590 depicted in fig. 10. The test rig 590 includes a base 591 on which is provided a clamp 592 with a clamp 592a for mounting a sample (shown in fig. 10 as the laminate 170) on the clamp 592. The test rig 590 also includes a counterweight sled 593 to which a cutter 594 is attached. The test rig 590 is arranged so that the weight sled 593 and the knife 594 are suspended above the sample with the blade of the knife 594 facing the sample (i.e., down). Slide 593 and knife 594 can then be dropped and travel along vertical guide 595 (using a series of linear bearings (not shown) to minimize friction) until knife 594 impacts the sample. In the tests mentioned below, the test equipment used the department of science development for interior (HOSDB) P1/B test blade provided by High Speed and Carbide, Inc. In some tests, the sample used was not restrained using clamp 592 and clamp 593 (referred to as "free standing").

The adjustment rig dropped the tool from a height of 1m and the total weight of the tool and the weight sled was 1.75 kg. This produced an impact force of 17.17 joules and an impact velocity of 4.43 m/s. In some of the tests listed below, a model clay plate was placed behind each of the samples to measure the "cut length". The cut length is the length of the dent from the blade in the clay that can be present even if the blade does not fully penetrate the fabric and provides an indication of the impact absorption and penetration resistance properties of the structure. The penetration depth and cutting length (as measured) of the blade into each configuration is shown in table 1 below:

sample (I)	Clamp apparatus	Depth of penetration (mm)	Cutting length (mm)
				Example 3	The clamp is limited	2-6	-
Example 8	Free standing	<2	-
				Example 9	The clamp is limited	2-3	1.1
Example 10	The clamp is limited	2-3	0.9
				Example 12	The clamp is limited	6-7	2.7
Comparative example 1	Free standing (without clamp limit)	2-3	-
				Comparative example 1	The clamp is limited	2-3	-
Comparative example 2	Free standing (without clamp limit)	39-41	-

TABLE 1

Table 1 shows that the laminate structure according to the embodiment of the present invention provides very high penetration resistance and performance at least as good as that of the laminate structure used in the existing stab-resistant vest comprising a metal chain armour layer and significantly better than the laminate structure with the metal chain armour layer removed. Thus, these laminated structures can be used in articles without the need for chain armour or heavy metal plies, providing significant advantages. In addition, the specific results of example 2 also show the significant protection provided by the laminate structure with fewer layers and a thinner structure.

The test of example 8 is shown in fig. 11a and 11 b. As mentioned above, the penetration into the composite structure comprised by the exterior of the UHMWPE is less than 2 mm. This is well below the required penetration limit of 7mm (KR-1 test).

Ballistic testing

Ballistic tests of example 4 and example 11 were performed. These tests included firing a.22 long rifle bullet at close range shooting. The composite structures of examples 4 and 11 were able to stop.22 LR rifle bullets. Examination of the samples after the test showed that the bullets were stopped and retained in the composite structure around the UHMWPE layer 17 and the backing structure. Thus, the laminated structure provides effective ballistic protection.

The ballistic test of example 13 was also performed. This was done using a high power, 22-long rifle bullet of 250 joules, and the bullet was fired against the face providing the crochet. As can be seen in fig. 12a and 12b, the composite structure is able to stop bullets without penetration. In particular, fig. 12b shows that the bullet does not even penetrate the first substructure (see arrows showing indentations).

Other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. For example:

although in the above embodiments the shield has a generally rectangular parallelepiped shape with a flat surface, it will be appreciated that the shape of the shield may vary and may include a circular prism (e.g., a cylinder with its upper and lower surfaces defining the strike face), any other polygonal prism mentioned herein, and other shapes; and

although the connector device in the above embodiments has a hook and loop or adhesive attachment unit, any other attachment unit may be used, including for example, an attachable clip or button, a zipper, a magnet, and a tether.