阅读说明：本技术 一种简易夯土墙异形钢模板结构及夯土墙夯筑施工方法 (Simple rammed earth wall special-shaped steel formwork structure and rammed earth wall ramming construction method ) 是由 周璐 范士谦 刘天军 刘曼曼 王兆玺 于 2020-12-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种简易夯土墙异形钢模板结构,包括呈条状的模板；所述模板上设有拉杆；所述拉杆与模板之间呈夹角；拉杆上设有锚固结构；模板、拉杆和锚固结构均为金属材质。还公开了一种夯土墙夯筑施工方法,包括以下步骤：准备所述简易夯土墙异形钢模板结构；夯实夯土基础,按夯土墙放线位置放置模板和拉杆；将拉杆上的锚固结构与夯土基础连接；模板边缘填土并分层夯实；模板内填土并夯实；一层夯实完毕,拆下简易夯土墙异形钢模板结构。本发明提供的简易夯土墙异形钢模板结构及夯土墙夯筑施工方法,极大提升古建筑、古遗址保护修缮工程中的夯土墙施工效率。(The invention discloses a simple rammed earth wall special-shaped steel template structure, which comprises a strip-shaped template; the pull rod is arranged on the template; an included angle is formed between the pull rod and the template; the pull rod is provided with an anchoring structure; the template, the pull rod and the anchoring structure are all made of metal materials. Also discloses a rammed earth wall ramming construction method, which comprises the following steps: preparing the simple rammed earth wall special-shaped steel template structure; tamping a rammed earth foundation, and placing a template and a pull rod according to the line laying position of a rammed earth wall; connecting an anchoring structure on the pull rod with the rammed earth foundation; filling soil at the edge of the template and tamping the template layer by layer; filling soil in the template and tamping; and after one layer is tamped, the simple rammed earth wall special-shaped steel template structure is disassembled. The simple rammed earth wall special-shaped steel template structure and the rammed earth wall ramming construction method provided by the invention greatly improve the construction efficiency of rammed earth walls in ancient buildings and ancient site protection and repair projects.)

1. A simple rammed earth wall special-shaped steel template structure is characterized by comprising a strip-shaped template (1); the template (1) is provided with a pull rod (2); an included angle is formed between the pull rod (2) and the template (1); an anchoring structure is arranged on the pull rod (2); the template (1), the pull rod (2) and the anchoring structure are all made of metal materials.

2. The simple rammed earth wall special-shaped steel formwork structure according to claim 1, wherein the formwork (1) comprises a strip-shaped formwork middle fold (11); the lower edge of the template middle fold (11) is provided with a lower folded edge (12), and the upper edge of the template middle fold (11) is provided with an upper folded edge (13).

3. The special-shaped steel formwork structure for the simple rammed earth wall according to claim 2, wherein the surface of the middle fold (11) of the formwork is in a convex arc shape.

4. The simple rammed earth wall special-shaped steel formwork structure according to claim 2, wherein the lower folded edge (12) and the upper folded edge (13) are parallel and are positioned on one side of the middle folded edge (11) of the formwork, which faces outwards; the included angle between the plane of the lower folded edge (12) and the middle folded edge (11) of the template is the template edge folding angle alpha.

5. The simple rammed earth wall special-shaped steel formwork structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a first through hole (14) is formed in the formwork (1), and the pull rod (2) penetrates through the first through hole (14).

6. The simple rammed earth wall special-shaped steel formwork structure according to claim 5, wherein the pull rod (2) comprises a pull rod main body (21) and a limiting part (22) which are connected; the pull rod main body (21) passes through the first through hole (14).

7. The simple rammed earth wall profiled steel formwork structure according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the anchoring structure is an anchoring nail (3); and a second through hole (23) is formed in the side wall of the pull rod (2), and the anchoring nail (3) penetrates through the second through hole (23).

8. A construction method for ramming a rammed earth wall is characterized by comprising the following steps: preparing a simple rammed earth wall special-shaped steel formwork structure as claimed in claim 1; tamping a rammed earth foundation, and placing a template (1) and a pull rod (2) according to the line laying position of a rammed earth wall; connecting an anchoring structure on the pull rod (2) with a rammed earth foundation; filling soil at the edge of the template (1) and tamping the soil layer by layer; filling soil in the template (1) and tamping; and after one layer is tamped, the simple rammed earth wall special-shaped steel template structure is disassembled.

9. The rammed earth wall ramming construction method according to claim 8, wherein after the rammed earth foundation is tamped, the formwork (1) is placed at the rammed earth wall paying-off position, and the pull rod (2) is passed through the first through hole (14) formed in the formwork (1); the anchoring structure is an anchoring nail (3), the anchoring nail (3) penetrates through a second through hole (23) formed in the pull rod (2) and is nailed into the rammed earth foundation, the nailing depth is 100-200mm, and the retention length is set according to the rammed earth layering thickness.

10. The rammed earth wall ramming construction method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein after each layer is rammed and the simple rammed earth wall special-shaped steel formwork structure is detached, the simple rammed earth wall special-shaped steel formwork structure is used for continuously ramming layer by layer and lifting layer by layer.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of cultural relic buildings, in particular to a simple rammed earth wall special-shaped steel template structure and a rammed earth wall ramming construction method for ancient buildings and ancient site conservation and renovation.

Background

The cultural relic building repair follows four preservation principles as required: the original form, the original structure, the raw materials and the original process are saved, but the improvement of the cultural relic repairing construction efficiency by the modern scientific and technical conditions is not completely excluded.

For example, in the field of cultural relic restoration, technologies such as X-ray flaw detection, infrared thermography detection, laser cleaning, 3D printing technology, three-dimensional video microscope observation and the like are in breakthrough development in recent years, and modern technical equipment such as an electric heating constant temperature water temperature box, an electric heating constant temperature drying box and the like is widely applied.

In the field of cultural relic safety, more intelligent security and fire protection systems which rely on modern advanced technologies and are based on technologies such as the Internet of things, big data and cloud computing are increasingly applied to the three-prevention engineering of the cultural relics. The method is widely applied to modern science and technology in protection and monitoring of immovable cultural relics, can construct a more comprehensive cultural relic building monitoring system by comprehensively applying modern sensing technology, communication technology, signal processing and analyzing technology, can continuously monitor and evaluate the safe state of the cultural relic building in real time by relying on the modern Internet of things technology, greatly improves the operation safety of the cultural relics and improves the management level of the cultural relics.

Modern technology and equipment are inevitably applied in a large amount in the maintenance engineering of the cultural relics and buildings, the efficiency and the safety of the repair and construction of the ancient buildings can be greatly improved by the modern scaffolds and the construction elevators, and the three-dimensional imaging technology and the 3D printing technology can more efficiently maintain and complement the cultural relics and buildings.

However, in the rammed earth wall construction technology in the traditional ancient architecture and ancient site conservation and renovation projects, the rammed earth wall construction efficiency is low due to the fact that tools are simple and crude and the construction method is unreasonable. The traditional rammed earth wall construction is a wood formwork, the processing and installation are complex, the engineering use is easy to lose, and the rammed earth wall cannot be reused. Traditional plank sheathing is the linear type, does not have the arc, and is inconsistent with city wall rammed earth wall outward appearance, need cut the slope to every layer after ramming the completion.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a simple rammed earth wall special-shaped steel template structure and a rammed earth wall ramming construction method, which greatly improve the construction efficiency of rammed earth walls in ancient buildings and ancient sites protection and repair projects.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a simple rammed earth wall special-shaped steel template structure, which comprises a strip-shaped template; the pull rod is arranged on the template; an included angle is formed between the pull rod and the template; the pull rod is provided with an anchoring structure; the template, the pull rod and the anchoring structure are all made of metal materials.

As a further improvement of the invention, the template comprises a strip-shaped template middle fold; the lower edge of the middle folding of the template is provided with a lower folding edge, and the upper edge of the middle folding of the template is provided with an upper folding edge.

As a further improvement of the invention, the folded plate surface of the template is in a convex arc shape.

As a further improvement of the invention, the lower folding edge and the upper folding edge are parallel and are positioned on the side of the template, which faces outwards, of the folded plate; the included angle between the plane of the lower folded edge and the middle folded edge of the template is the template edge folding angle alpha.

As a further improvement of the invention, the template is provided with a first through hole, and the pull rod passes through the first through hole.

As a further improvement of the invention, the pull rod comprises a pull rod main body and a limiting part which are connected; the pull rod main body penetrates through the first through hole.

As a further improvement of the invention, the anchoring structure is an anchoring nail; and a second through hole is formed in the side wall of the pull rod, and the anchoring nail penetrates through the second through hole.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention also provides a rammed earth wall ramming construction method, which comprises the following steps: preparing the simple rammed earth wall special-shaped steel template structure; tamping a rammed earth foundation, and placing a template and a pull rod according to the line laying position of a rammed earth wall; connecting an anchoring structure on the pull rod with the rammed earth foundation; filling soil at the edge of the template and tamping the template layer by layer; filling soil in the template and tamping; and after one layer is tamped, the simple rammed earth wall special-shaped steel template structure is disassembled.

As a further improvement of the invention, after the rammed earth foundation is tamped, a template is placed according to the line laying position of the rammed earth wall, and the pull rod penetrates through a first through hole arranged on the template; the anchor structure is the anchor nail, passes the second through-hole that sets up at the pull rod with the anchor nail and nails into rammed earth basis, and the nail depth of penetrating 100 supplyes 200mm to set up according to rammed earth layering thickness and keep somewhere length.

As a further improvement of the invention, after each layer is tamped and the special-shaped steel template structure of the simple rammed earth wall is disassembled, the special-shaped steel template structure of the simple rammed earth wall is utilized to continue ramming layer by layer and lift layer by layer.

Advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the simple rammed earth wall special-shaped steel template structure and the rammed earth wall ramming construction method have the advantages that:

1. the construction efficiency of the rammed earth wall in ancient buildings and ancient sites conservation and renovation projects is greatly improved, the construction method can quickly recover the special-shaped steel formwork structure of the simple rammed earth wall, the construction cost is saved, and ecological environment protection is facilitated.

2. The template can be directly machined and molded by a manufacturer, is quick to install and disassemble in the construction process, is firm and durable, and is easier to adjust even if slightly deformed.

3. The template can be processed and molded according to the current situation that historical relics are left, and because the face of folding in the template is the arc of evagination, one shot forming after ramming need not to cut the slope and practice thrift rammed earth material. The construction efficiency of links such as template processing, installation, dismantlement promotes more than 30%.

4. The template, the pull rod and the anchoring nail can be separated from each other, so that the storage and transportation are convenient, and the operation of dismantling after the earth is compacted in layers is convenient.

5. Template, pull rod and anchor nail are steel material, compare in traditional template, and steel template easy dismounting is swift, repeatedly usable many times, and steel material is recoverable.

The invention will become more apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the invention.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a template;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the template;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the tie rod;

FIG. 4 is an assembly drawing of a special-shaped steel formwork structure of the simple rammed earth wall;

FIG. 5 is a using state diagram of a special-shaped steel formwork structure of the simple rammed earth wall;

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the form edge fill;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the rammed form after filling.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Examples

The embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 1 to 7, and the simple rammed earth wall special-shaped steel formwork structure comprises a strip-shaped formwork 1. The template 1 is provided with a pull rod 2. The pull rod 2 and the template 1 form an included angle. The pull rod 2 is provided with an anchoring structure. Template, pull rod and pull rod anchor nail are the metal material, specifically adopt steel material, compare in traditional template, and steel form easy dismounting is swift, and repetitious usage, and steel material is recoverable.

The form 1 comprises a strip-shaped form center fold 11. The lower edge of the template middle fold 11 is provided with a lower folding edge 12, and the upper edge of the template middle fold 11 is provided with an upper folding edge 13.

The surface of the middle fold 11 of the template is in an outward convex arc shape. In this embodiment, the surface of the middle fold 11 of the formwork is a convex minor arc, and the radian is designed according to design or rammed earth wall leaving.

The lower folding edge 12 and the upper folding edge 13 are parallel and are positioned on one side of the middle folding edge 11 of the template, the surface of which faces outwards. The included angle between the plane of the lower folded edge 12 and the middle folded edge 11 of the template is the template edge folding angle alpha. And the folded angle alpha of the template edge is set according to the slope of the earth wall. In this embodiment, the included angle between the inclined plane of the earth wall 4 and the horizontal plane is 62.25 °, and the folding angle α of the formwork edge is 62.25 °. The height of the formwork 1 is set according to the height of rammed earth wall layered ramming, and in the embodiment, the height of the formwork 1 is 200 mm. The width of the lower folded edge 12 and the upper folded edge 13 ranges from 30 mm to 50 mm. The template 1 is made of a steel plate with the thickness of 2 mm.

The template 1 is provided with a plurality of first through holes 14, and each first through hole 14 is penetrated with a pull rod 2. In this embodiment, the first through holes 14 are arranged on the middle fold 11 of the template, the number of the first through holes is 3, and the distance between adjacent first through holes 14 is 900 mm. The diameter of the first through-hole 14 is 26 mm.

The tie rod 2 includes a tie rod main body 21 and a stopper portion 22 connected. The tie rod body 21 passes through the first through hole 14. The limiting portion 22 is also rod-shaped, and the included angle between the limiting portion 22 and the pull rod main body 21 is the same as the folding angle α of the template edge, which is also 62.25 ° in this embodiment. The pull rod 2 is a steel pipe. The length of the pull rod main body 21 is preferably 600-1200mm, the mold is easy to expand when the length is too short, and the mold is difficult to detach when the length is too long.

The anchoring structure is an anchoring nail 3. The side wall of the pull rod main body 21 of the pull rod 2 is provided with a second through hole 23, and the anchoring nail 3 vertically penetrates through the second through hole 23. In this embodiment, the diameter of the second through hole 23 is 8 mm. The diameter of the pull rod 2 is 26 mm.

The anchoring nail 3 is formed by welding a steel plate and smooth steel bars with the diameter of 8 mm. The length of the anchoring nail 3 needs to exceed the layered thickness of the rammed earth wall by 100 mm and 200 mm. The anchoring nail 3 cannot be anchored when the length is too short, and is difficult to take out when the length is too long.

A construction method for ramming a rammed earth wall comprises the following steps:

1) preparing a special-shaped steel formwork structure of the simple rammed earth wall. And designing and manufacturing a template 1, a pull rod 2 and an anchoring nail 3 according to the gradient of the rammed earth wall, the air hole interval, the layering thickness and the like.

2) Tamping a rammed earth foundation, and placing a template 1 according to the line laying position of the rammed earth wall.

3) The tie bar 2 is passed through a first through hole 14 provided in the formwork 1.

4) And (3) penetrating the anchoring nail 3 through the second through hole 23 arranged on the pull rod 2 and nailing the anchoring nail into the rammed earth foundation, wherein the nailing depth is 100-200mm, and the retention length is set according to the rammed earth layering thickness.

5) The edges of the formwork 1 are filled with soil and tamped layer by layer. Manually tamping the concrete with a skin hammer, a stone pestle or an iron pestle in layers. A small handheld air tamper can be adopted, so that the tamping efficiency and the compactness are improved. The edge of the template 1 refers to the approximately triangular area formed by the downward perpendicular to the top of the middle fold 11 of the arc-shaped template and the middle fold 11 of the template, as shown in fig. 6. If the area is directly tamped with the rammed soil on the inner side of the template 1, the area is not easy to tamp, so the area close to the edge of the template 1 needs to be tamped by filling soil first.

6) As shown in fig. 7, the formwork 1 is filled with earth and manually compacted by a cluster rammer or a small machine. When filling soil, the filling soil needs to be higher than the template 1, and after ramming, the filling soil is basically flush with the upper part of the template 1, and each layer needs to be rammed for multiple times to reach the compactness required by the design.

7) And (3) removing the formwork after one layer is tamped, firstly pulling out the anchoring nails 3, then rotatably pulling out the pull rod 2 in the same direction (preventing the air holes from being damaged), and finally taking down the formwork 1.

8) And (3) placing the template 1 on the next rammed earth after ramming, repeating the step (2-7), circularly repeating the steps, lifting layer by layer, ramming layer by layer, and achieving the ramming effect consistent with that of the original rammed earth wall.

The present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed above, and is intended to cover various modifications, equivalent combinations, which are made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention.