阅读说明：本技术 一种珍珠岩无土育秧基质及其制备方法 (Perlite soilless seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof ) 是由 李晓兰 于志龙 郭成 郑文敬 刘艳凯 于 2021-01-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种珍珠岩无土育秧基质及其制备方法,无土育秧基质由下述重量份的原料组成：膨胀珍珠岩30～40份、泥炭土2～10份、食用菌菌渣12～16份,椰糠20～30份、褐煤1～4份、蛭石5～15份、草炭8～15份、蚯蚓粪2～13份、炉渣5～12份、芦苇末1～4份、硅藻土2～8份、发酵碎秸秆1～4份、醋糟1.5～3份、板蓝根药渣1～5份、膨润土1.2～4份、麸皮2～4.5份。本发明采用食用菌菌渣、膨胀珍珠岩和各种其他原料进行科学配比,主要用于蔬菜育秧,本发明中的育秧基质富含丰富的矿物质、有机质、利于植物生长的酶、腐殖质和植物激素类物质,并且含有植物所需的各种微量元素,具备巨大的市场应用前景。(The invention discloses a perlite soilless seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof, wherein the soilless seedling raising substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of expanded perlite, 2-10 parts of peat soil, 12-16 parts of edible fungus residues, 20-30 parts of coconut residues, 1-4 parts of lignite, 5-15 parts of vermiculite, 8-15 parts of grass peat, 2-13 parts of wormcast, 5-12 parts of furnace slag, 1-4 parts of reed powder, 2-8 parts of diatomite, 1-4 parts of fermented crushed straw, 1.5-3 parts of vinegar residue, 1-5 parts of isatis root residues, 1.2-4 parts of bentonite and 2-4.5 parts of bran. The edible fungus residue, the expanded perlite and various other raw materials are scientifically proportioned and mainly used for raising vegetable seedlings, and the seedling raising substrate is rich in abundant mineral substances, organic matters, enzymes, humus and phytohormones substances beneficial to plant growth, contains various trace elements required by plants, and has huge market application prospect.)

1. The perlite soilless seedling raising substrate is characterized in that: the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of expanded perlite, 2-10 parts of peat soil, 12-16 parts of edible fungus residues, 20-30 parts of coconut residues, 1-4 parts of lignite, 5-15 parts of vermiculite, 8-15 parts of grass peat, 2-13 parts of wormcast, 5-12 parts of furnace slag, 1-4 parts of reed powder, 2-8 parts of diatomite, 1-4 parts of fermented crushed straw, 1.5-3 parts of vinegar residue, 1-5 parts of isatis root residues, 1.2-4 parts of bentonite and 2-4.5 parts of bran.

2. The perlite soilless seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32-38 parts of expanded perlite, 3-9 parts of peat soil, 13-15 parts of edible fungus residues, 22-28 parts of coconut residues, 2-3 parts of lignite, 7-12 parts of vermiculite, 10-14 parts of grass peat, 4-10 parts of wormcast, 7-9 parts of furnace slag, 1.5-3 parts of reed powder, 3-6 parts of diatomite, 2-3 parts of fermented crushed straw, 2-2.6 parts of vinegar residue, 2-4 parts of radix isatidis drug residues, 2-3 parts of bentonite and 2.5-4 parts of bran.

3. A perlite soilless seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of expanded perlite, 8 parts of peat soil, 14 parts of edible fungus residues, 25 parts of coconut residues, 2.5 parts of lignite, 10 parts of vermiculite, 12 parts of grass peat, 5 parts of wormcast, 8 parts of furnace slag, 2 parts of reed powder, 5 parts of diatomite, 2.5 parts of fermented crushed straw, 2.2 parts of vinegar residues, 3 parts of isatis root drug residues, 2.5 parts of bentonite and 3 parts of bran.

4. The preparation method of the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate according to the claim 1 is characterized in that: the preparation method of the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate comprises the steps of crushing expanded perlite, peat soil, edible fungus residues, coconut chaff, lignite, vermiculite, turf, wormcast, furnace slag, reed powder, diatomite, fermented crushed straw, vinegar residue, isatis root residues, bentonite and bran for later use, weighing the crushed raw materials according to the weight parts of the raw materials, and uniformly mixing to obtain a target object.

5. The preparation method of the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate according to the claim 4, which is characterized in that: the preparation method of the expanded perlite comprises the following steps:

(1) in the ore processing stage, high-quality ore with few impurities is selected as a raw material, and the ore is crushed and screened to prepare ore products with different grain compositions strictly according to the technical requirements;

(2) before high-temperature puffing, the moisture in the ore sand is controlled below 5% by a preheating means, an external combustion type preheating mode is used for preheating, heating flame is not in contact with materials, the temperature of the ore sand reaches 450-500 ℃ after preheating, and temperature preparation is made for expansion;

(3) conveying the preheated material to an expansion furnace, and rapidly expanding the material to 10-30 times of the original volume in a high-temperature expansion furnace at 1000-1100 ℃;

(4) the expanded perlite granules are subjected to cyclone separator and recovery storage system in sequence, superfine powder and fine powder are fully separated into different product grades through different properties of expanded particles, and the crushed finished products are respectively bagged.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soilless culture, and particularly relates to a perlite soilless seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Soilless culture refers to a method for culturing crops by using a substrate instead of natural soil, is mainly applied to the culture of fruits, vegetables or flowers and seedlings, and is a high-yield and high-quality advanced technology which saves water, fertilizer and labor. The substrate cultivation is a mode with the largest popularization area in the soilless cultivation. The root system of the crop is fixed in an organic or inorganic matrix and is supplied with the crop nutrient solution by a drip irrigation or trickle irrigation method. According to statistics, 90% of soilless culture forms in the world are substrate culture. The soilless culture substrate is a growth medium which can provide stable and coordinated water, air and fertilizer structures for plants, and not only supports and fixes the plants, but also more importantly serves as a carrier of nutrients and moisture, so that the nutrients and the moisture from a nutrient solution are transferred, and plant roots are selectively absorbed from the nutrient solution according to needs. With the popularization and application of the soilless culture technology, the demand of the substrate is larger and larger, the types of the substrate are richer and richer, the development trend of subdivision and specialization is gradually presented, the most main types of the substrates at present are seedling raising substrates and culture substrates, and the seedling raising substrates are special substrates prepared according to nutrition and physicochemical conditions required by rooting and sprouting of nutrient organs. With the continuous improvement of the seedling raising level and the requirement, the quality requirement of the seedling raising substrate is also continuously improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a perlite soilless seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof, aiming at overcoming the defects in the prior art.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the invention discloses a perlite soilless seedling raising substrate which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of expanded perlite, 2-10 parts of peat soil, 12-16 parts of edible fungus residues, 20-30 parts of coconut residues, 1-4 parts of lignite, 5-15 parts of vermiculite, 8-15 parts of grass peat, 2-13 parts of wormcast, 5-12 parts of furnace slag, 1-4 parts of reed powder, 2-8 parts of diatomite, 1-4 parts of fermented crushed straw, 1.5-3 parts of vinegar residue, 1-5 parts of isatis root residues, 1.2-4 parts of bentonite and 2-4.5 parts of bran.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32-38 parts of expanded perlite, 3-9 parts of peat soil, 13-15 parts of edible fungus residues, 22-28 parts of coconut residues, 2-3 parts of lignite, 7-12 parts of vermiculite, 10-14 parts of grass peat, 4-10 parts of wormcast, 7-9 parts of furnace slag, 1.5-3 parts of reed powder, 3-6 parts of diatomite, 2-3 parts of fermented crushed straw, 2-2.6 parts of vinegar residue, 2-4 parts of radix isatidis drug residues, 2-3 parts of bentonite and 2.5-4 parts of bran.

As the best mode of the invention: the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of expanded perlite, 8 parts of peat soil, 14 parts of edible fungus residues, 25 parts of coconut residues, 2.5 parts of lignite, 10 parts of vermiculite, 12 parts of grass peat, 5 parts of wormcast, 8 parts of furnace slag, 2 parts of reed powder, 5 parts of diatomite, 2.5 parts of fermented crushed straw, 2.2 parts of vinegar residues, 3 parts of isatis root drug residues, 2.5 parts of bentonite and 3 parts of bran.

The invention also discloses a preparation method of the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate, which comprises the steps of crushing expanded perlite, peat soil, edible fungus dregs, coconut husk, lignite, vermiculite, peat, wormcast, furnace slag, reed powder, diatomite, fermented crushed straws, vinegar residue, isatis root dregs, bentonite and bran for later use, weighing the crushed raw materials according to the weight parts of the raw materials, and uniformly mixing to obtain a target object.

The preparation method of the expanded perlite in the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:

(1) in the ore processing stage, high-quality ore with few impurities is selected as a raw material, and the ore is crushed and screened to prepare ore products with different grain compositions strictly according to the technical requirements;

(2) before high-temperature puffing, the moisture in the ore sand is controlled below 5% by a preheating means, an external combustion type preheating mode is used for preheating, heating flame is not in contact with materials, the temperature of the ore sand reaches 450-500 ℃ after preheating, and temperature preparation is made for expansion;

(3) conveying the preheated material to an expansion furnace, and rapidly expanding the material to 10-30 times of the original volume in a high-temperature expansion furnace at 1000-1100 ℃;

(4) the expanded perlite granules are subjected to cyclone separator and recovery storage system in sequence, superfine powder and fine powder are fully separated into different product grades through different properties of expanded particles, and the crushed finished products are respectively bagged.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the perlite soilless seedling raising matrix is mainly used for raising vegetable seedlings by adopting edible fungus residues, expanded perlite and various other raw materials in a scientific ratio, contains various trace elements required by plants, and has a huge market application prospect. The perlite soilless seedling raising substrate adopted by the invention is rich in abundant mineral substances, organic matters, enzymes, humus and plant hormone substances beneficial to plant growth, and is rich in abundant trace elements, and the seedling raising substrate has the advantages of regular seedling emergence and high seedling rate. The seedling raising substrate can reduce the cost and realize the maximum benefit, the wormcast adopted in the substrate raw materials has good granular structure, proper looseness, good permeability, neutral pH value, water and fertilizer mixing and the performance of water and fertilizer retention, the physical and chemical properties of the coconut husk, the expanded perlite and the vermiculite are relatively stable, and excessive holes can not appear after the seedling raising substrate formed by the formula is placed in a tray.

All raw material substances in the substrate are cheap raw materials, and the optimum content of various substances is determined through multiple experimental verifications aiming at different vegetables. The edible fungus residue has the advantages of high content of organic matters and nutrients, small volume weight, large porosity and the like, and is a solid waste with resource utilization. Therefore, the edible fungus residues are used in the vegetable seedling raising matrix, so that the environmental problem caused by agricultural wastes can be solved, and the sustainable development of agriculture is further realized. The coconut coir is fiber powder of coconut shells, is a coconut byproduct or waste after processing, is a pure natural organic matter medium which falls off from the processing process of the coconut shell fibers, can be directly used without fermentation, cannot cause seedling burning, is a renewable resource, and can protect an ecological system from being damaged by using the coconut coir as a matrix raw material.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.

Example 1: the invention discloses a perlite soilless seedling raising substrate which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of expanded perlite, 2 parts of peat soil, 12 parts of edible fungus residues, 20 parts of coconut residues, 1 part of lignite, 5 parts of vermiculite, 8 parts of grass peat, 2 parts of wormcast, 5 parts of furnace slag, 1 part of reed powder, 2 parts of diatomite, 1 part of fermented crushed straw, 1.5 parts of vinegar residue, 1 part of isatis root dregs, 1.2 parts of bentonite and 2 parts of bran.

The invention also discloses a preparation method of the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate, which comprises the steps of crushing expanded perlite, peat soil, edible fungus dregs, coconut husk, lignite, vermiculite, peat, wormcast, furnace slag, reed powder, diatomite, fermented crushed straws, vinegar residue, isatis root dregs, bentonite and bran for later use, weighing the crushed raw materials according to the weight parts of the raw materials, and uniformly mixing to obtain a target object.

The preparation method of the expanded perlite in the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:

(1) in the ore processing stage, high-quality ore with few impurities is selected as a raw material, and the ore is crushed and screened to prepare ore products with different grain compositions strictly according to the technical requirements;

(2) before high-temperature puffing, the moisture in the ore sand is controlled below 5% by a preheating means, an external combustion type preheating mode is used for preheating, heating flame is not in contact with materials, the temperature of the ore sand reaches 450-500 ℃ after preheating, and temperature preparation is made for expansion;

(3) conveying the preheated material to an expansion furnace, and rapidly expanding the material to 10-30 times of the original volume in a high-temperature expansion furnace at 1000-1100 ℃;

(4) the expanded perlite granules are subjected to cyclone separator and recovery storage system in sequence, superfine powder and fine powder are fully separated into different product grades through different properties of expanded particles, and the crushed finished products are respectively bagged.

Example 2: the perlite soilless seedling raising substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of expanded perlite, 8 parts of peat soil, 14 parts of edible fungus residues, 25 parts of coconut residues, 2.5 parts of lignite, 10 parts of vermiculite, 12 parts of grass peat, 5 parts of wormcast, 8 parts of furnace slag, 2 parts of reed powder, 5 parts of diatomite, 2.5 parts of fermented crushed straw, 2.2 parts of vinegar residues, 3 parts of isatis root drug residues, 2.5 parts of bentonite and 3 parts of bran.

Example 3: the invention discloses a perlite soilless seedling raising substrate which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of expanded perlite, 10 parts of peat soil, 16 parts of edible fungus residues, 30 parts of coconut residues, 4 parts of lignite, 15 parts of vermiculite, 15 parts of grass peat, 13 parts of wormcast, 12 parts of furnace slag, 4 parts of reed powder, 8 parts of diatomite, 4 parts of fermented crushed straw, 3 parts of vinegar residue, 5 parts of isatis root dregs, 4 parts of bentonite and 4.5 parts of bran.

Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned contents are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and that the simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.