阅读说明：本技术 一种防火隔热板及其制备方法 (Fireproof heat insulation plate and preparation method thereof ) 是由 何锐 郑淦休 于 2021-01-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种防火隔热板,包括：气凝胶芯材层；复合在所述气凝胶芯材层上下两面的增强层；覆盖所述气凝胶芯材层边缘的树脂封边层；所述增强层通过阻燃树脂与所述气凝胶芯材层复合。与现有技术相比,本发明提供的防火隔热板以气凝胶为芯材,采用特定层结构,并在特定连接关系下,实现整体较好的相互作用；产品表面形成致密坚固有韧性的复材表皮,增加强度的同时赋予产品更强的隔热和隔音效果,并且可以加工出复杂的平面形状和三维形状；并且,本发明提供的防火隔热板具有树脂封边层,可以实现边缘不漏粉,整体更加适合精密设备内部的隔热。(The invention provides a fireproof heat-insulating plate, which comprises: an aerogel core layer; the reinforcing layers are compounded on the upper surface and the lower surface of the aerogel core material layer; a resin edging layer covering the edge of the aerogel core layer; the reinforcing layer is compounded with the aerogel core material layer through flame-retardant resin. Compared with the prior art, the fireproof heat-insulating plate provided by the invention takes aerogel as a core material, adopts a specific layer structure, and realizes better overall interaction under a specific connection relation; a compact, firm and tough composite material skin is formed on the surface of the product, so that the strength is increased, the product has stronger heat insulation and sound insulation effects, and a complex plane shape and a complex three-dimensional shape can be processed; in addition, the fireproof heat insulation plate provided by the invention is provided with the resin edge sealing layer, so that the edge can not leak powder, and the whole fireproof heat insulation plate is more suitable for heat insulation in precision equipment.)

1. A fire protection and insulation panel comprising:

an aerogel core layer;

the reinforcing layers are compounded on the upper surface and the lower surface of the aerogel core material layer;

a resin edging layer covering the edge of the aerogel core layer;

the reinforcing layer is compounded with the aerogel core material layer through flame-retardant resin.

2. The fire resistant panel as recited in claim 1, wherein the aerogel core layer has an aerogel content of 30 wt% or more, and the aerogel is one or more of alumina aerogel, silica aerogel, zinc oxide aerogel and carbide aerogel;

the thickness of the aerogel core material layer is 1 mm-20 mm.

3. The fire and heat insulating panel according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcing layer is one or more of a glass fiber composite sheet, a carbon-carbon composite sheet, a metal foil, a polyimide film, a polyetheretherketone film, a carbon fiber prepreg, a glass fiber prepreg, an aramid fiber prepreg, a quartz cloth prepreg, a high silica prepreg, a ceramic fiber prepreg, a silicon carbide prepreg, a carbon fiber cloth, a glass fiber cloth, an aramid fiber cloth, a quartz cloth, a high silica cloth, a ceramic fiber cloth, and a silicon carbide cloth.

4. The fireproof and heat-insulating panel according to claim 1, wherein the resin used for the resin edge banding layer is selected from one or more of flame-retardant epoxy resin, flame-retardant phenolic resin, flame-retardant PMI resin, flame-retardant adhesive, flame-retardant silicone resin, flame-retardant cyanate ester resin and flame-retardant bismaleimide resin BMI.

5. The fire and heat insulating panel according to claim 1, wherein the fire retardant resin is the same as the resin in the resin bead layer.

6. The fireproof thermal insulation board according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a flame retardant resin layer is further compounded on the reinforcing layer compounded on the upper surface of the aerogel core material layer.

7. A preparation method of the fireproof thermal insulation board of any one of claims 1 to 5 comprises the following steps:

a) covering the resin film on the enhancement layer to obtain the enhancement layer pasted with the resin film; the resin in the resin film is flame-retardant resin;

b) covering the reinforced layers pasted with the resin films obtained in the step a) on the upper surface and the lower surface of the aerogel core material layer, and then sealing the edges of the aerogel core material layer by using resin after the reinforced layers are paved, so as to obtain a prefabricated member;

c) carrying out hot pressing treatment on the prefabricated member obtained in the step b), and cooling to obtain the fireproof heat insulation plate.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the resin film in the step a) is 100g/m²～300g/m²(ii) a The number of resin film layers covering the reinforcing layer is 1-4.

9. The method for preparing the aerogel core material layer according to claim 7, wherein the step b) of edge sealing the edges of the aerogel core material layer by using resin is glue brushing or glue dipping; the glue is formed by diluting resin with an organic solvent, and the resin is the same as that used by the resin film;

in the process of sealing the edge by the resin, the glue infiltrates the edge of the aerogel core material layer; the width of the infiltration is 5 mm-10 mm.

10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the hot pressing treatment in step c) is performed at a temperature of 100 ℃ to 160 ℃, a pressure of 50kpa to 180kpa, and a time of 20min to 240 min.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of heat insulation materials, in particular to a fireproof heat insulation plate and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The traditional heat insulation materials are divided into inorganic types and organic types, wherein the organic types mainly comprise various polymer foams, such as Polyurethane (PU), Polyimide (PI), Polymethacrylimide (PMI) and the like, and the organic heat insulation materials mainly have the defects of easy water absorption, difficult temperature resistance exceeding 300 ℃ and slightly poor sound insulation performance; the inorganic type is mainly glass fiber, silicate fiber and the like, and the inorganic heat-insulating material has the defects of poor heat-insulating property and heavy weight. Aerogel and related articles offer significant advantages in thermal insulation performance over traditional insulation, but suffer from certain drawbacks.

Aerogel (Aerogel) is the solid with the lowest density known at present, and is a solid filled with micropores obtained by removing water in a liquid sol through a special drying method without collapsing a gel network structure; the most common is silicon dioxide (SiO)₂) An aerogel. The aerogel has extremely high porosity, extremely low density, high specific surface area and ultrahigh pore volume rate, and the bulk density of the aerogel is between 0.003 and 0.500g/cm³The range is adjustable. The nanometer micro-pores can effectively inhibit the effect of gas molecules on heat convection, the porous surface can reflect and refract infrared radiation, and the low density can greatly reduce heat conduction, so that the silicon dioxide aerogel becomes a super heat-insulating material, the heat conductivity coefficient of the aerogel at normal temperature is 0.015W/(m.k), and the aerogel can be melted when the temperature reaches 1200 ℃; it also has the characteristic of low acoustic speed. Aerogel materials therefore have significant promise in thermal and acoustic insulation.

Commercial aerogel insulation is typically an aerogel fiber blanket-like material due to the low strength and friable nature of silica aerogel itself. One of the processes is that glass fiber or other inorganic fiber is added with adhesive and silicon dioxide aerogel powder and mixed evenly to prepare the heat insulation felt; or soaking glass fiber or other inorganic fiber felt into aerogel liquid sol, and drying to obtain the heat insulation felt. However, this material has low strength itself, and aerogel powder is easily scattered from the base fiber, reducing the heat insulating property, and causing environmental pollution.

The other way of the commercial aerogel is to mix aerogel powder, other inorganic powder (such as fumed silica), a small amount of inorganic fiber (such as glass fiber), an adhesive and the like, then press and mold the mixture into a block or plate shape, and then encapsulate the block or plate shape through a skin to form the aerogel thermal insulation board. The package can be a vacuum insulated panel after being sealed by the aluminum foil composite film and vacuumized. However, such panels have the disadvantages that large-sized panels cannot be produced, that shape changes and holes cannot be made in the panels during installation, and that there is a risk of package breakage (loss of the insulating effect of the vacuum) and powder leakage during use.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a fire-proof heat-insulating board and a method for manufacturing the same, wherein a compact, firm and tough composite material skin is formed on the surface of the fire-proof heat-insulating board, so that the strength is increased, the product has stronger heat-insulating and sound-insulating effects, and complicated planar shapes and three-dimensional shapes can be processed.

The invention provides a fireproof heat-insulating plate, which comprises:

an aerogel core layer;

the reinforcing layers are compounded on the upper surface and the lower surface of the aerogel core material layer;

a resin edging layer covering the edge of the aerogel core layer;

the reinforcing layer is compounded with the aerogel core material layer through flame-retardant resin.

Preferably, the aerogel content in the aerogel core material layer is greater than or equal to 30 wt%, and the aerogel is one or more of alumina aerogel, silica aerogel, zinc oxide aerogel and carbide aerogel;

the thickness of the aerogel core material layer is 1 mm-20 mm.

Preferably, the enhancement layer is one or more of a glass fiber composite plate, a carbon-carbon composite plate, a metal foil, a polyimide film, a polyether-ether-ketone film, a carbon fiber prepreg, a glass fiber prepreg, an aramid fiber prepreg, a quartz cloth prepreg, a high silica prepreg, a ceramic fiber prepreg, a silicon carbide prepreg, a carbon fiber cloth, a glass fiber cloth, an aramid fiber cloth, a quartz cloth, a high silica cloth, a ceramic fiber cloth and a silicon carbide cloth.

Preferably, the resin used for the resin edge sealing layer is selected from one or more of flame-retardant epoxy resin, flame-retardant phenolic resin, flame-retardant PMI resin, flame-retardant adhesive, flame-retardant silicone resin, flame-retardant cyanate ester resin and flame-retardant bismaleimide resin BMI.

Preferably, the flame retardant resin is the same as the resin in the resin edging layer.

Preferably, the reinforced layer compounded on the upper surface of the aerogel core material layer is also compounded with a flame-retardant resin layer.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the fireproof heat insulation board in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:

a) covering the resin film on the enhancement layer to obtain the enhancement layer pasted with the resin film; the resin in the resin film is flame-retardant resin;

b) covering the reinforced layers pasted with the resin films obtained in the step a) on the upper surface and the lower surface of the aerogel core material layer, and then sealing the edges of the aerogel core material layer by using resin after the reinforced layers are paved, so as to obtain a prefabricated member;

c) carrying out hot pressing treatment on the prefabricated member obtained in the step b), and cooling to obtain the fireproof heat insulation plate.

Preferably, the resin film in step a) is 100g/m²～300g/m²(ii) a The number of resin film layers covering the reinforcing layer is 1-4.

Preferably, the edge of the aerogel core material layer in the step b) is sealed by resin in a manner of brushing or dipping glue; the glue is formed by diluting resin with an organic solvent, and the resin is the same as that used by the resin film;

in the process of sealing the edge by the resin, the glue infiltrates the edge of the aerogel core material layer; the width of the infiltration is 5 mm-10 mm.

Preferably, the temperature of the hot-pressing treatment in the step c) is 100-160 ℃, the pressure is 50-180 kpa, and the time is 20-240 min.

The invention provides a fireproof heat-insulating plate, which comprises: an aerogel core layer; the reinforcing layers are compounded on the upper surface and the lower surface of the aerogel core material layer; a resin edging layer covering the edge of the aerogel core layer; the reinforcing layer is compounded with the aerogel core material layer through flame-retardant resin. Compared with the prior art, the fireproof heat-insulating plate provided by the invention takes aerogel as a core material, adopts a specific layer structure, and realizes better overall interaction under a specific connection relation; a compact, firm and tough composite material skin is formed on the surface of the product, so that the strength is increased, the product has stronger heat insulation and sound insulation effects, and a complex plane shape and a complex three-dimensional shape can be processed; in addition, the fireproof heat insulation plate provided by the invention is provided with the resin edge sealing layer, so that the edge can not leak powder, and the whole fireproof heat insulation plate is more suitable for heat insulation in precision equipment.

In addition, compared with the existing sandwich composite aerogel material, the composite aerogel material has the advantages that the surface quality including the thickness tolerance and the surface flatness of the plate is emphasized; the practical significance is as follows: the product is beautiful and can be used as an interior material; the device is accurate and can be installed in a place with limited space; for example, the inside thermal-insulated to new energy battery to and civil aviation aircraft APU prevent hot wall, small aircraft engine protecting wall.

In addition, the preparation method provided by the invention adopts the resin film, so that the resin dosage between the surface layer and the core material is very uniform, the integral dosage is effectively reduced, the product weight is reduced, the original porous fluffy state of the core material is kept, and the heat insulation effect is hardly lost; through the glass fiber non-woven fabrics that contains in the resin film, play the effect of connecting from top to bottom, increased sandwich structure's peel strength, reduced organic matter simultaneously and Volatilized (VOC), environmental protection more.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fireproof and heat-insulating board provided by the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a prefabricated member for manufacturing a fireproof and heat-insulating board according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a fireproof heat-insulating panel provided in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a resin film in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a view showing a glass cloth covered with a resin film in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a pictorial representation of a preform impregnated with glue according to example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a drawing of a width of a wet glue preform according to example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of a preform obtained by dipping in glue in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a pictorial view of a preform using edge strip sealing;

FIG. 10 is a diagram of a preform obtained by wrapping the edges with an adhesive film;

FIG. 11 is a drawing showing an object of the present invention in example 1, in which release cloths are laid on the upper and lower surfaces of a preform;

FIG. 12 is a diagram of a height-limiting frame in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a physical diagram of a lower mold cavity of the mold used in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a pictorial view of a preform mold in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a practical example of mold clamping in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a diagram of a product in accordance with embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a diagram of a through-hole portion of a product obtained in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a diagram of a product with a sealed edge portion according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a thermogravimetric analysis of a resin in an example of the present invention;

FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a continuous spray of flame onto an insulating panel using a 1100 deg.C flame;

FIG. 21 is a schematic view of the measurement of the temperature of the backside of the insulation panel at 231 ℃ for 12 minutes;

FIG. 22 is a schematic view showing that the plate structure remains intact after 15 minutes and only the fire-facing reinforcement layer is broken;

FIG. 23 is a schematic view of the backside reinforcement layer of the thermal shield in good condition without breakage.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides a fireproof heat-insulating plate, which comprises:

an aerogel core layer;

the reinforcing layers are compounded on the upper surface and the lower surface of the aerogel core material layer;

a resin edging layer covering the edge of the aerogel core layer;

the reinforcing layer is compounded with the aerogel core material layer through flame-retardant resin.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fireproof and heat-insulating board provided by the present invention.

In the present invention, the content of aerogel in the aerogel core layer is preferably 30 wt% or more; the aerogel has extremely low heat conductivity coefficient and sound absorption performance, can be used for replacing fiber soundproof cotton or foam in a traditional heat insulation and noise reduction structure, and the porous nano structure of the aerogel plays a main role in thermal insulation and noise absorption; the material has the thickness of 1/5 of the traditional heat and sound insulation cotton under the same heat insulation effect. In the present invention, the aerogel is preferably one or more of alumina aerogel, silica aerogel, zinc oxide aerogel and carbide aerogel, more preferably alumina aerogel or silica aerogel; the source of the aerogel is not particularly limited in the present invention, and any commercially available or self-made product of the above-mentioned inorganic aerogel products known to those skilled in the art may be used.

In the present invention, the aerogel core layer preferably has a thickness of 1mm to 20mm, more preferably 2mm to 10 mm; can be 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 5mm, 6mm, 10mm, 15mm, 20 mm.

In the invention, the reinforcing layers are compounded on the upper surface and the lower surface of the aerogel core material layer. In the invention, the reinforcing layer is preferably one or more of a glass fiber composite plate, a carbon-carbon composite plate, a metal foil, a polyimide film, a polyether-ether-ketone film, a carbon fiber prepreg, a glass fiber prepreg, an aramid fiber prepreg, a quartz cloth prepreg, a high silica prepreg, a ceramic fiber prepreg, a silicon carbide prepreg, a carbon fiber cloth, a glass fiber cloth, an aramid fiber cloth, a quartz cloth, a high silica cloth, a ceramic fiber cloth and a silicon carbide cloth; wherein, the reinforcing layers on the upper and lower surfaces of the aerogel core material layer can be the same or different.

In the present invention, the resin edge banding layer covers the edges of the aerogel core layer. In the present invention, the resin used for the resin edge banding layer is preferably selected from one or more of flame-retardant epoxy resin, flame-retardant phenolic resin, flame-retardant PMI resin, flame-retardant adhesive, flame-retardant silicone resin, flame-retardant cyanate ester resin and flame-retardant bismaleimide resin BMI. The source of the resin is not particularly limited in the present invention, and commercially available products known to those skilled in the art may be used.

In the present invention, the reinforcing layer is compounded with the aerogel core layer by a flame retardant resin. In the present invention, the flame retardant resin may be the same as or different from the resin in the resin edge sealing layer, and is preferably the same resin; on the basis, the two can combine integrative structure in the product forming process to realize more excellent bonding effect.

In the invention, the reinforcing layer compounded on the upper surface of the aerogel core material layer is preferably compounded with a flame-retardant resin layer; not only can solve the problem that the upper surface of the aerogel core material layer is easy to lack glue, but also can improve the quality of the upper surface of the product.

The invention uses high temperature resistant materials (carbon fiber cloth, glass fiber cloth, quartz cloth, high silica cloth, ceramic fiber cloth, silicon carbide cloth, etc.) and ablation resistant resin (thermogravimetric analysis of resin, decomposition starts after 200 ℃, the quality starts to be reduced to 800 ℃, the proportion of the residual carbon structure is 61%, and 60% remains at 1000 ℃, see figure 19; the resin in the selected material is the key influencing the working temperature of the plate, the surface layer and the core material are inorganic materials and can be used at 650 ℃, the highest working temperature of general resin is 280 plus 300 ℃, the resin selected by the invention can reach 400 ℃, so the working temperature of the plate can be improved by 100 ℃), and the resin has certain strength and density, thereby realizing the fireproof effect.

In order to better exert the heat insulation performance of aerogel materials, the defects that the existing commercial aerogel materials are low in strength and easy to leak powder are overcome, most of commercial heat insulation plates are fixed in shape, the customization of complex planar shapes or three-dimensional shapes cannot be carried out, and the limitation that holes cannot be punched on site is caused; the invention combines the composite material process to compound and package the aerogel core material, forms a compact, firm and tough composite material skin on the surface to form a Multi-layer heat insulation structure, increases the strength and simultaneously endows the plate with stronger heat insulation and sound insulation effects, and the plate has the whole fireproof performance through the compact surface formed by the ablation-resistant resin and the combination of the compact aerogel core material, and can be processed into complex plane shapes and three-dimensional shapes.

The invention is inspired from honeycomb plates and rigid foam sandwich plates, and the light and firm plate can be obtained only by attaching an upper layer of composite material and a lower layer of composite material which are very thin and light but have very high strength on the core material; in the sandwich structure, the core material only provides the function of connecting the upper composite material layer and the lower composite material layer to limit the deflection of the upper composite material layer and the lower composite material layer; for the invention, the core material is the main material with heat and sound insulation performance, and the composite material layer overcomes the defect of powder falling of the aerogel product while providing excellent strength and simultaneously blocks the entering of external gas and liquid.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the fireproof heat insulation board in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:

a) covering the resin film on the enhancement layer to obtain the enhancement layer pasted with the resin film; the resin in the resin film is flame-retardant resin;

b) covering the reinforced layers pasted with the resin films obtained in the step a) on the upper surface and the lower surface of the aerogel core material layer, and then sealing the edges of the aerogel core material layer by using resin after the reinforced layers are paved, so as to obtain a prefabricated member;

c) carrying out hot pressing treatment on the prefabricated member obtained in the step b), and cooling to obtain the fireproof heat insulation plate.

The invention firstly covers the resin film on the reinforced layer to obtain the reinforced layer pasted with the resin film. In the present invention, the resin in the resin film is a flame retardant resin; the flame-retardant resin is the same as that in the technical scheme, and is not described in detail herein.

In the present invention, the resin film is preferably 100g/m²～300g/m²More preferably 200g/m²(ii) a The fluidity of the resin in the resin film is preferably<10%, the resin content is preferably more than 75 wt%; the number of resin films covering the reinforcing layer(s) is preferably 1 to 4. The resin is introduced in the resin film form, so that the using amount of the resin is controllable, the reliable bonding of the core material and the surface layer is ensured, and the defects of increasing the overall weight and reducing the heat insulation effect of the core material due to the fact that too much resin is soaked into the core material are avoided; meanwhile, the solid content of the resin film is higher, and compared with the traditional composite material process, the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the proportion of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) is low; in addition, the compression amount of the core material under the preparation method of the invention is strictly controlled, the core material still keeps a fluffy state in a finished product, and the original heat insulation effect is completely kept.

In the invention, the reinforcing layer is preferably one or more of a glass fiber composite plate, a carbon-carbon composite plate, a metal foil, a polyimide film, a polyether-ether-ketone film, a carbon fiber prepreg, a glass fiber prepreg, an aramid fiber prepreg, a quartz cloth prepreg, a high silica prepreg, a ceramic fiber prepreg, a silicon carbide prepreg, a carbon fiber cloth, a glass fiber cloth, an aramid fiber cloth, a quartz cloth, a high silica cloth, a ceramic fiber cloth and a silicon carbide cloth; wherein, the reinforcing layers on the upper and lower surfaces of the aerogel core material layer can be the same or different.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reinforcing layer is made of a plate or a film, wherein the plate may be a glass fiber composite plate, a carbon-carbon composite plate, or a metal plate, and the film may be a metal foil, a polyimide film, or a polyetheretherketone film; on the basis, the invention firstly cuts the plate or the film to a proper size, then polishes or performs other surface treatment on the plate or the film to make the surface of the plate or the film more suitable for bonding, and then covers the resin film.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reinforcement layer is made of carbon fiber prepreg, glass fiber prepreg, aramid fiber prepreg, quartz cloth prepreg, high silica prepreg, ceramic fiber prepreg or silicon carbide prepreg; on the basis, the prepreg is laid on two surfaces of a core material, wherein one or more layers are respectively arranged on each surface, the quantity of the two surfaces is not necessarily equal (due to the fact that the pressure applied in the preparation method is not large, cloth cannot be compacted due to excessive laying, the formed composite material has cavities, and defective products are generated), and then resin films are covered.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reinforcement layer is made of carbon fiber cloth, glass fiber cloth, aramid fiber cloth, quartz cloth, silica cloth, ceramic fiber cloth or silicon carbide cloth; on the basis, the resin film is firstly covered, and then the reinforcing layer covered with the resin film is paved on two surfaces of the core material, wherein one or more layers are respectively arranged on the two surfaces, and the quantity of the two surfaces is not necessarily equal (due to the fact that the pressure applied in the preparation method is not large, the cloth cannot be compacted due to excessive paving, the formed composite material has a cavity, and the situation of defective products is caused).

In the present invention, the process of covering the resin film on the reinforcing layer preferably further includes:

the joint of the resin film is added at the edge and/or the center of the reinforcing layer, so that the bonding effect is enhanced. In the present invention, the resin film is preferably covered by an organic solution which is formed by directly bonding or coating or impregnating the resin film with the carrier.

After the reinforcing layer pasted with the resin film is obtained, the obtained reinforcing layer pasted with the resin film is covered on the upper surface and the lower surface of the aerogel core material layer, and after the reinforcing layer is paved, the edge of the aerogel core material layer is sealed by resin, so that the prefabricated member is obtained. Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a preform for manufacturing a fire-proof and heat-insulating panel according to the present invention.

In the invention, the mode of sealing the edge of the aerogel core material layer by using resin is preferably glue brushing or glue dipping; the glue is preferably formed by diluting resin with an organic solvent, and the resin film can be the same or different, and are preferably the same resin; on the basis, the two can combine integrative structure in the product forming process to realize more excellent bonding effect.

In order to facilitate the shape cutting of the product, the paved structure is preferably cured, subjected to shape cutting, then brushed or gummed, and then subjected to temperature rise curing for 2 times.

In the present invention, the glue preferably wets the edges of the aerogel core layer during the edge sealing with the resin; the width of the infiltration is preferably 5mm to 10 mm.

After the prefabricated member is obtained, the obtained prefabricated member is subjected to hot pressing treatment, and the fireproof heat insulation plate is obtained after cooling. The invention is not limited to the hot pressing method, and the technical scheme of combining the hot press, autoclave or mold with the vacuum bag, which is well known to those skilled in the art, can be adopted. The hot press is adopted in the invention, 8-16 clamps are adopted for clamping in the die closing process, and no gap is formed between the upper die and the lower die.

In the invention, the temperature of the hot pressing treatment is preferably 100-160 ℃, the pressure is preferably 50-180 kpa, and the time is preferably 20-240 min. The invention adopts the hot pressing treatment, can compress the core material by 5-20 percent, and is beneficial to ensuring excellent overall performance of the product (not only applying pressure to the upper surface and the lower surface to enhance the bonding effect, but also keeping the fluffy effect of the core material without losing the heat insulation effect thereof).

The fireproof heat insulation plate is obtained after cooling; preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:

and (3) performing edge finishing or shape cutting on the obtained fireproof heat insulation board.

The invention adopts a composite material process to manufacture the plate, the reinforced fabric or the film is soaked or coated with flame-retardant resin to cover the upper surface and the lower surface of the core material, and the three-layer integrated sandwich structure plate is formed by curing or co-curing; the reinforced material can be carbon fiber, glass fiber, quartz fiber, ceramic fiber, aramid fiber, or other high polymer fiber fabrics and non-woven fabrics meeting the flame retardant requirement, or can be high polymers or metal films such as polyimide films, polyether-ether-ketone films, silica gel films, aluminum foils, stainless steel foils and the like; wherein, the reinforcing material can be cured into a plate in advance, processed into prepreg or hand-pasted infiltration; the resin may be in a liquid resin or prepreg state; the preparation method provided by the invention adopts the resin film, so that the resin dosage between the surface layer and the core material is very uniform, the integral dosage is effectively reduced, the product weight is reduced, the original state of the core material is kept, and the heat insulation effect is hardly lost; the glass fiber non-woven fabric contained in the resin film plays a role in up-and-down connection, so that the peeling strength of the sandwich structure is increased, and meanwhile, the organic matter Volatilization (VOC) is reduced, and the sandwich structure is more environment-friendly; in addition, the invention can also realize higher strength by increasing the number of layers or the thickness of the reinforcing fabric, and can also enhance the heat and sound insulation effect and the strength by adding a honeycomb plate or a foam plate on one side or two sides.

The invention provides a fireproof heat-insulating plate, which comprises: an aerogel core layer; the reinforcing layers are compounded on the upper surface and the lower surface of the aerogel core material layer; a resin edging layer covering the edge of the aerogel core layer; the reinforcing layer is compounded with the aerogel core material layer through flame-retardant resin. Compared with the prior art, the fireproof heat-insulating plate provided by the invention takes aerogel as a core material, adopts a specific layer structure, and realizes better overall interaction under a specific connection relation; a compact, firm and tough composite material skin is formed on the surface of the product, so that the strength is increased, the product has stronger heat insulation and sound insulation effects, and a complex plane shape and a complex three-dimensional shape can be processed; in addition, the fireproof heat insulation plate provided by the invention is provided with the resin edge sealing layer, so that the edge can not leak powder, and the whole fireproof heat insulation plate is more suitable for heat insulation in precision equipment.

In addition, compared with the existing sandwich composite aerogel material, the composite aerogel material has the advantages that the surface quality including the thickness tolerance and the surface flatness of the plate is emphasized; the practical significance is as follows: the product is beautiful and can be used as an interior material; the device is accurate and can be installed in a place with limited space; for example, the new energy battery is internally insulated.

In addition, the preparation method provided by the invention adopts the resin film, so that the resin dosage between the surface layer and the core material is very uniform, the integral dosage is effectively reduced, the product weight is reduced, the original state of the core material is kept, and the heat insulation effect is hardly lost; through the glass fiber non-woven fabrics that contains in the resin film, play the effect of connecting from top to bottom, increased sandwich structure's peel strength, reduced organic matter simultaneously and Volatilized (VOC), environmental protection more.

The application direction of the product provided by the invention is mainly that of vehicles, and the product has the advantages of heat insulation, sound insulation, fire prevention and flame retardance, the existing fireproof wall structure in the field of aviation mainly comprises a steel plate and a titanium plate, and the defect that the fireproof function is enough and the heat insulation function is completely absent; other traditional fire-proof materials, such as rock wool, glass fiber cotton and the like have the defects of flying cotton pollution, easy water absorption and weight increment, insufficient heat insulation effect, additional structural support and the like.

To further illustrate the present invention, the following examples are provided for illustration. The resin film used in the following embodiment of the invention is provided by Shandong Dingcheng or Bengbu Tianyu, the specific types are F35 hot-melt phenolic resin film and FB phenolic resin film, the resin fluidity is less than 10% and the resin content is more than 75 wt% at normal temperature, the carrier is glass fiber non-woven fabric (a glass fiber/carbon fiber reinforced layer in the resin film can form an effective connecting structure between main fibers of a core material and fiber cloth on a surface layer, so that the attaching effect of the surface layer is greatly superior to that of the traditional process); the used aerogel core material is provided by Nannuo Zhejiang or ASPEN, the specific type is FMD450/FMB350 or XT/XTF, the thickness is 3-10 mm, and the content of the aerogel is more than or equal to 30 wt%; the glue used is the same material as the resin used for the resin film, and because of the very low fluidity of the resin, absolute ethyl alcohol is used as an organic solvent to dilute the resin (30% solvent) to form the resin glue.

Example 1

The schematic structural diagram (exploded view) of the fireproof heat-insulating board provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention is shown in fig. 3.

The preparation process comprises the following steps:

(1) 200g/m²Covering the resin film (shown in figure 4) on the glass fiber cloth, covering 2 resin films on the glass fiber cloth positioned on the lower surface of the aerogel core material (finally, the 2 resin films are all arranged between the core material and the reinforcing layer), cutting the resin film into 30mm width, attaching the resin film to the edge of the glass fiber cloth, enhancing the bonding strength of the edge, cutting the resin film into 80mm square with side length, and attaching the resin film to the central position of the glass fiber cloth, shown in figure 5; the upper and lower surfaces of the glass fiber cloth on the upper surface of the aerogel core material are respectively covered with 1 layer of resin film (finally, 1 layer of resin film is arranged between the core material and the reinforcing layer, and the other 1 layer is arranged on the upper surface of the product), the resin film with the width of 30mm is adhered to the edge of the resin film close to the side of the aerogel core material, and the resin film with the side length of 80mm is adhered to the center position.

(2) According to the figure 3, gluing the center of the aerogel core material, wherein the diameter of the aerogel core material is about 60mm, then covering the upper surface and the lower surface of the aerogel core material with the glass fiber cloth pasted with the resin film in the step (1), and brushing glue on the four edges of the aerogel core material after paving to obtain a prefabricated member; because the glue is formed by diluting alcohol as an organic solvent, the hydrophobic aerogel core material can be easily soaked, and the soaking width is 5-10 mm (shown in figures 6-7);

the process of brushing the glue can also be replaced by a glue dipping mode (see fig. 8);

in addition, the ideal edge sealing mode is as follows: the edge sealing is carried out by using a flame retardant material capable of being rapidly cured at normal temperature (such as Momentive RTV88 bi-component silica gel commonly used in the field of aviation), but the bonding effect with a thermal insulation board is not verified; at present, the edge sealing mode eliminated by the experiment of the invention comprises the following steps: firstly, sealing the edges by sticking strips, and having the defect that the sealing strips are easy to fall off (see figure 9); secondly, the edges are wrapped by glue films, the operation is not easy to realize due to the defect, and the core materials are not tightly wrapped after being compressed (see figure 10).

(3) Laying demolding cloth (shown in figure 11) on the upper surface and the lower surface of the prefabricated part obtained in the step (2), putting the prefabricated part into a hot press, and ensuring that the tolerance requirement of the gap between the upper table surface and the lower table surface of the hot press is 0.1 mm; then, placing a height-limiting frame (shown in figure 12) on the periphery of the prefabricated part to ensure that the upper and lower gaps do not exceed the preset height (height of the height-limiting frame); the method comprises the steps of adopting an upper and lower closed die (a lower die cavity is shown in figure 13, a prefabricated part is shown in figure 14 for die filling), putting the die into a hot press for die closing (shown in figure 15) for heating, heating to 130 ℃ according to the curing condition of resin, keeping the temperature for 70 minutes, accurately controlling the pressure of the machine to be 78kpa, compressing the aerogel core material by 10% (the thickness is selectively compressed, namely, the upper surface and the lower surface are pressed, the bonding effect is enhanced, meanwhile, the fluffy effect of the aerogel core material can be kept, the heat insulation effect is not lost), cooling, taking out, and performing edge finishing or shape cutting to obtain the fireproof heat insulation board.

Referring to fig. 16, in the place where the central position is provided with a through hole with a larger size (the aperture is 30 mm; the small mounting hole is small firstly, the fastener can penetrate through the hole after the hole is opened, and the section of the hole is sealed, so that powder hardly leaks), the resin film with the side length of 80mm is attached to the central position in the step (1) for resin film reinforcement, and the aerogel core material at the position of the opening is subjected to gum dipping treatment in the step (2), the aperture is 30mm, the wetting diameter is 50mm, so that the powder cannot leak after the hole is opened, and a better sealing effect is achieved; a comparison of the sealing effect after opening and no sealing is shown in figure 17.

In addition, the edge sealing effect of the product is shown in fig. 18, wherein the lower layer is the condition that part of the core material is exposed after edge trimming.

According to detection, the fireproof heat insulation board provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention integrally meets the requirements of a CCAR25.1193(e) (3) fireproof experiment (CCAR: China civil aviation administration; according to the definition of CCAR25.1193(e) (3), "fireproof", that is, the ability of a material or a component to bear flame of 2000 DEG F (+1100 ℃) for at least 15 minutes and still complete the design target or the expected function of the material or the component is ensured, and simultaneously meets the requirements of the CCAR25.853(a) flame retardant performance, the CCAR25.853(d) smoke density experiment and the ABD0031 toxicity experiment, and the organic component-resin meets the requirement of environmental protection.

In addition, the fire prevention experiment process and effect performed by the simulated CCAR25.1193(e) (3) are shown in FIGS. 20-23; wherein, the sample to be tested is the fireproof heat insulation board with the size of 300mm multiplied by 300mm provided in the embodiment 1; FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a continuous spray of flame onto an insulating panel using a 1100 deg.C flame; FIG. 21 is a schematic view of the measurement of the temperature of the backside of the insulation panel at 231 ℃ for 12 minutes; FIG. 22 is a schematic view showing that the plate structure remains intact after 15 minutes and only the fire-facing reinforcement layer is broken; FIG. 23 is a schematic view of the backside reinforcement layer of the thermal shield in good condition without breakage.

In addition, compared with the traditional plate, the fireproof heat-insulating plate provided by the invention can be made into a curved surface, a hyperboloid and other shapes, the surface can be flat and smooth by controlling a die, the strength of the plate is superior to that of the traditional heat-insulating plate under the same weight due to the sandwich and composite material structure, and holes can be formed on site.

In addition, the edge sealing process utilizes a fluffy and scattered structure of the core material, uses resin which is the same as or similar to the resin film for infiltration, the upper and lower surface layers and the edges are integrated after curing, the bonding effect is superior to other modes, and in addition, the resin film with a certain width is additionally arranged at the edges of the plate material, so that the bonding effect of the edge part is further enhanced; and simultaneously, the adopted edge sealing process is used for solidifying the upper fiber layer, the lower fiber layer and the resin film to form edges with certain width, and completely wrapping and fixing the core material inside.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.