阅读说明：本技术 钩尾框、制造方法以及铁路货车 (Coupler yoke, manufacturing method and railway wagon ) 是由 陈学良 张金发 涂智文 吴宇波 徐勇 刘幻云 于 2020-12-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于铁路货车技术领域,尤其涉及一种钩尾框、制造方法以及铁路货车。其中的钩尾框包括钩尾框本体和衬套,所述钩尾框具有钩尾衬套孔,所述衬套过盈配合地设置在所述钩尾衬套孔中,所述衬套与所述钩尾衬套孔的接触面的表面粗糙度在0.8～1.6μm之间,过盈量在0.25mm～0.35mm之间。本发明可保证衬套在使用过程中不能从钩尾衬套孔中脱出,提高使用时的可靠性,具有很好的实用性。(The invention belongs to the technical field of railway wagons, and particularly relates to a coupler yoke, a manufacturing method and a railway wagon. The coupler yoke comprises a coupler yoke body and a bushing, the coupler yoke is provided with a coupler yoke bushing hole, the bushing is arranged in the coupler yoke bushing hole in an interference fit mode, the surface roughness of the contact surface of the bushing and the coupler yoke bushing hole is 0.8-1.6 mu m, and the interference magnitude is 0.25-0.35 mm. The invention can ensure that the bush can not be separated from the coupler tail bush hole in the using process, improves the reliability in use and has good practicability.)

1. The coupler yoke is characterized by comprising a coupler yoke body and a bushing, wherein the coupler yoke is provided with a coupler yoke bushing hole, the bushing is arranged in the coupler yoke bushing hole in an interference fit manner, the surface roughness of the contact surface of the bushing and the coupler yoke bushing hole is 0.8-1.6 mu m, and the interference is 0.25-0.35 mm.

2. The coupler yoke of claim 1, wherein an adhesive is applied between the bushing and the coupler yoke bore.

3. The yoke of claim 2 wherein the adhesive is loctite 680.

4. The yoke of claim 1 wherein both axial ends of the bushing are located within the yoke bushing bore.

5. The yoke of claim 1 wherein one end of the bushing is frustoconical.

6. The yoke as claimed in claim 5 wherein the slope of the one end of the frustoconical bushing is between 70 ° and 75 °.

7. The yoke as defined in claim 1 wherein the bushing is a steel bushing having a surface heat treatment hardness of 59HRC to 63 HRC.

8. A method of manufacturing the yoke according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that the method of manufacturing comprises:

providing a coupler yoke body and a bush which are matched with each other;

coating adhesives on the inner wall of a hook tail lining hole and the outer wall of a lining of the hook tail frame body;

press-fitting the provided bush into the coupler tail bush hole coated with the adhesive;

and standing the coupler tail bushing hole pressed with the bushing until the adhesive is firmly oxidized.

9. The method for manufacturing the coupler yoke according to claim 8, wherein the step of press-fitting the bushing provided in the coupler bushing hole coated with the adhesive comprises:

and pressing the provided bush in the coupler tail bush hole coated with the adhesive by using a hydraulic press, wherein the parameter of the pressing force is more than or equal to 350KN, and a pressing curve is provided.

10. A railway wagon, characterized in that the railway wagon comprises a coupler yoke according to any one of claims 1-7.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of railway wagons, and particularly relates to a coupler yoke, a manufacturing method and a railway wagon.

Background

Forged yoke tails have been widely used in china. After the forged coupler yoke replaces a cast coupler yoke, the manufacturing technology of the forged coupler yoke is gradually mature, the service life of the forged coupler yoke is increased linearly, the failure rate of the forged coupler yoke is decreased linearly, and considerable economic benefits are obtained.

In china, a 17 swaged yoke is used on railway wagons of 70t class, 80t class and higher. The 17-type forged coupler tail frame is manufactured by adopting rolled high-strength high-quality structural steel and a forging process, so that casting defects such as sand holes, air holes, shrinkage porosity and the like do not exist, the inherent quality of a product is improved, the fatigue life of the coupler tail frame is prolonged, the overhauling workload is reduced, and the application cost is reduced.

With the breakthrough of new materials and new technologies of railway freight cars, the total weight of a single car, the traction capacity of a locomotive and the bearing capacity of a bridge, a tunnel and a track of the railway freight car are greatly improved, and the marshalling train of 3 ten thousand tons or even 4 ten thousand tons is gradually realized on a special railway operation line under the national targets of energy conservation, consumption reduction, quality improvement and efficiency improvement.

In the actual use process, the applicant finds that after the forged coupler yoke adopted in the prior art is used for about 6 years in a large-load long marshalling, abnormal abrasion is generated in a coupler yoke bush hole of the coupler yoke, so that a round hole is changed into a long round hole, the stroke of a coupler yoke pin in the coupler yoke bush hole of the coupler yoke is increased, the longitudinal force of a train is increased, the driving safety is affected, and the service life of the coupler yoke is limited to be further prolonged.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a coupler yoke, a manufacturing method and a railway wagon, so as to prolong the service life of the coupler yoke.

The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:

on one hand, the coupler yoke comprises a coupler yoke body and a bushing, the coupler yoke is provided with a coupler yoke bushing hole, the bushing is arranged in the coupler yoke bushing hole in an interference fit mode, the surface roughness of the contact surface of the bushing and the coupler yoke bushing hole is 0.8-1.6 mu m, and the interference is 0.25-0.35 mm.

Further, an adhesive is coated between the lining and the coupler tail lining hole.

Preferably, the adhesive is loctite 680.

Further, both axial ends of the bushing are located in the coupler tail bushing hole.

Further, one end of the bushing is frustum-shaped.

Preferably, the slope of one end of the bushing having a frustum shape is 70 ° to 75 °.

Further, the lining is made of steel, and the surface heat treatment hardness of the steel lining is 59-63 HRC.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing the yoke, the method comprising:

providing a coupler yoke body and a bush which are matched with each other;

coating adhesives on the inner wall of a hook tail lining hole and the outer wall of a lining of the hook tail frame body;

press-fitting the provided bush into the coupler tail bush hole coated with the adhesive;

and standing the coupler tail bushing hole pressed with the bushing until the adhesive is firmly oxidized.

Further, the provided bush is pressed and installed in the coupler tail bush hole coated with the adhesive, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

and pressing the provided bush in the coupler tail bush hole coated with the adhesive by using a hydraulic press, wherein the parameter of the pressing force is more than or equal to 350KN, and a pressing curve is provided.

In addition, the invention also provides a railway wagon, and the railway wagon comprises the coupler yoke.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the railway wagon provided by the invention, the coupler yoke comprises the coupler yoke body and the lining, the coupler yoke is provided with the coupler yoke lining hole, and the lining is arranged in the coupler yoke lining hole in an interference fit manner, so that the lining and the coupler yoke lining hole belong to a detachable fit relationship, the strength of the coupler yoke lining hole in contact with the coupler yoke pin can be hardened, the service life of the coupler yoke is prolonged, and when the abrasion of the coupler yoke lining hole is over-limit, only the lining needs to be replaced without replacing the coupler yoke, and the overhaul cost is reduced.

In addition, the surface roughness of the contact surface of the bush and the coupler tail bush hole is 0.8-1.6 microns, and the interference magnitude is 0.25-0.35 mm, so that the bush cannot be separated from the coupler tail bush hole in the using process, the reliability in use is improved, and the coupler tail bush hole has good practicability.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of a yoke without a bushing according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a coupler yoke according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the bushing of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a front view of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 simplifies the interference fit of the coupler tail bushing hole with the bushing to a schematic of the interference fit of the two cylinders;

FIG. 6 is a load-displacement diagram for 0.25mm plunge interference;

FIG. 7 is a graph of interference magnitude of 0.25mm, load versus displacement during extrusion;

FIG. 8 is a load-displacement diagram for 0.40mm plunge interference;

FIG. 9 is a graph of interference of 0.4mm, load versus displacement during extrusion;

fig. 10 is a flow chart illustrating a method for manufacturing the coupler yoke according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

First, an embodiment of the present invention provides a coupler yoke.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a coupler yoke without a bush according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a coupler yoke according to an embodiment of the present invention, and with reference to fig. 1 and 2, the coupler yoke includes a coupler yoke body and a bush 2, wherein the coupler yoke has a coupler yoke bush hole 3, the bush 2 is detachably disposed in the coupler yoke hole 3, and since the bush 2 is additionally disposed in the coupler yoke bush hole, strength of the coupler yoke hole contacting with a coupler yoke pin can be hardened, a service life of the coupler yoke is prolonged, and when wear of the coupler yoke bush hole is over-limited, only the bush needs to be replaced without replacing the coupler yoke, thereby reducing maintenance cost and having a good practical value.

The coupler tail frame of the embodiment of the invention can be a 17-type forged coupler tail frame, and as the coupler tail frame is produced by adopting a forging process, the casting defects of sand holes, air holes, shrinkage porosity and the like do not exist, the internal quality of a product is improved, the fatigue life of the coupler tail frame is prolonged, the overhaul workload is reduced, and the application cost is reduced.

With reference to fig. 1 and 2, the coupler yoke body according to the embodiment of the present invention may include a frame body 1 and a connecting plate 4 integrally formed by forging, the connecting plate 2 is disposed at a head portion of the frame body 1, the frame body 1 is U-shaped and includes two side edges 1.1 and a bottom edge 1.2, the same ends of the two side edges are connected by the bottom edge, opposite sides of the other ends of the two side edges are connected by a connecting plate 4, a connecting hole is disposed between the other ends of the two side edges, the connecting plates 4 of the two side edges are coaxially disposed and located between the two connecting plates 4, and the connecting plates 4 of the two side edges form a coupler yoke bushing hole for connecting with a coupler yoke pin.

The bush 2 of the embodiment of the invention can be arranged in the coupler tail bush hole 3 in an interference fit manner, so that the bush 2 can be detachably arranged in the coupler tail bush hole 3.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the bushing in fig. 2, fig. 4 is a front view of fig. 3, and in combination with fig. 3 and 4, one end of the bushing according to the embodiment of the present invention is in a frustum shape, the slope toe of the frustum may be 75 °, and when the bushing 2 is pressed into the hook tail bushing hole 3, the frustum-shaped end may serve as a guide, so as to improve the assembly efficiency.

In the actual use process, the surface roughness and the interference of the bush 2 and the coupler tail bush hole 3 are key factors for ensuring that the bush cannot be separated from the coupler tail bush hole 3 in the use process and influencing the reliability in use, and based on the key factors, the surface roughness and the interference are researched according to the embodiment, and the research is as follows:

simplifying the interference fit of the coupler tail bushing hole and the bushing into the interference fit of two cylinders (as shown in fig. 5), and simultaneously assuming that the elastic moduli of the two materials are the same, calculating the contact force between the bushing and the coupler tail bushing hole according to the formula (1):

wherein: in the formula (1), alpha is the inner diameter of the bushing, and is in unit mm, b is the outer diameter of the coupler tail bushing hole, and is in unit mm, c is the inner diameter of the coupler tail bushing hole, and is in unit mm, and delta is the single-side interference magnitude between the bushing and the coupler tail bushing hole, and is in unit mm; e is the elastic modulus of the material, and the elastic modulus is 206GP_a。

From equation (1), it can be seen that under certain material conditions and dimensions, the contact force is only proportional to the interference. From this, the contact force calculation equation can be derived:

formula (2) of a δ

A of the formula (2) is a constant.

Calculating a formula according to the press-in force:

f2 pi chfP formula (3)

The following equations (2) and (3) can be obtained:

f2 pi cAhf delta formula (4)

In the formula (3) and the formula (4), h is the coupler yoke bush hole thickness, and f is the friction coefficient.

As can be seen from the simplified calculation formula (4), after the materials and the dimensions are determined, the magnitude of the press-in force is proportional to the interference magnitude δ of the fit, and in the case of a fixed interference magnitude, the press-in force and the press-out force are proportional to the friction coefficient. So there are only two ways to increase the pressure: the interference magnitude and the friction coefficient are increased.

If the interference magnitude is increased, although the pressing-in force can be increased, the surface of the hook tail bushing hole is subjected to plastic deformation, so that the expansion force between the bushing and the hole is reduced, and the pressing-out force of the bushing is obviously reduced; although the press-in force can be increased by increasing the friction coefficient, the surface roughness of the contact surface increases with the increase of the friction coefficient, the actual contact area between the bushing and the frame hole decreases, the convex points on the contact surface are easily plastically deformed when the bushing is pressed in, the press-in force of the bushing also decreases significantly, the friction coefficient cannot be increased endlessly, and generally, the friction coefficient between steel and steel ranges from 0.1 to 0.6.

According to the above analysis, the contact surface roughness is too large, the pressing force of the bush becomes small, and the bush is likely to fall off. Therefore, in order to prevent the bush from falling off, the smoothness of the contact surface should be improved as much as possible to increase the contact area. However, the contact surface finish is improved, the friction coefficient is reduced, and the corresponding pressing force is reduced. It is therefore ensured that the bushing cannot be pulled out, that the contact surfaces have a sufficiently smooth finish, and that a reasonable interference is ensured, which is optimal when the pressing-in and pressing-out forces of the bushing are substantially equal. Namely, the surface roughness of the contact surface of the bush and the coupler tail bush hole is between 0.8 and 1.6 mu m, the interference delta is between 0.25mm and 0.35mm (double-sided interference), and the press-in and press-out forces of the bush are basically equal and are between 20 tons and 35 tons.

Test verification:

when the surface roughness of the bush was 0.8 μm and the surface roughness of the hook bush hole was 1.6 μm, the load and displacement curves in the press-in and press-out states were obtained as shown in fig. 6, 7, 8, and 9 by performing experiments with interference of 0.25mm and 0.40 mm. Fig. 6 is a graph of load-displacement with interference of 0.25mm during press-in, fig. 7 is a graph of load-displacement with interference of 0.25mm during press-out, fig. 8 is a graph of load-displacement with interference of 0.40mm during press-in, and fig. 9 is a graph of interference of 0.4mm during press-out.

As can be seen from fig. 6 to 9, the maximum press-in force is 18T and the maximum press-out force is 17T. In actual conditions, the contact surface is an uneven surface, the stress point is a salient point on two surfaces, and the matching process causes the shaping deformation of the salient point, so that the friction coefficient is reduced, and the press-in force is larger than the press-out force. Due to the fact that the difference between the press-in force and the press-out force is small, the strain generated by interference fit of the coupler yoke frame body and the bush belongs to elastic strain.

When the interference exceeds 0.40mm, the press-fitting force reaches 40 tons or more, but the press-fitting force is only about half of the press-fitting force, and it is understood that plastic deformation occurs in the contact surface.

In summary, increasing the interference magnitude to increase the pressure may cause the frame body to generate plastic deformation due to increased stress, and increasing the pressure by changing the roughness may cause the plastic deformation of the contact surface bumps to increase, thereby reducing the friction coefficient, and the value of the pressing force is much smaller than the pressing force, which is not favorable for use. Therefore, the interference is 0.25mm to 0.35mm (double-sided interference), and the press-in force and the press-out force of the bush are substantially equal to each other, about 20 tons to 35 tons, which is consistent with theoretical calculation.

In addition, in the embodiment, in order to increase the pressing force of the bushing and prevent the bushing from coming out, a bonding agent process is added, that is, in the embodiment of the invention, a bonding agent can be coated between the bushing 2 and the coupler tail bushing hole 3, so that the assembling and fixing effects of the bushing and the coupler tail bushing are further improved.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the adhesive may be applied only to the outer wall of the bush 2, or to the inner wall of the hook-and-tail bush hole 3, or to both the outer wall of the bush 2 and the inner wall of the hook-and-tail bush hole 3, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the adhesive is preferably applied to both the outer wall of the bush 2 and the inner wall of the hook-and-tail bush hole 3.

The adhesive of the embodiment of the invention can be letai 680, and has the characteristics of high strength, medium viscosity and anaerobic property. The bushing is suitable for interference fit, fixing hole and shaft fittings, the shear strength of the bushing is 24.1N/mm2, and the bushing is prevented from outwards jumping out under the impact of a coupler yoke key to influence the running safety of a railway.

The bushing 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention is a steel bushing, and the surface heat treatment hardness of the steel bushing is 59HRC to 63HRC so as to have sufficient wear resistance.

In addition, the two axial ends of the bush 2 of the embodiment of the invention are both positioned in the coupler tail bush hole 3, namely the height of the bush 2 is required to be smaller than the wall thickness of the coupler tail bush hole 3, so that the bush cannot protrude out of the surface of the coupler tail frame after the press mounting is finished, and the influence on the normal operation of a railway is prevented.

In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides a manufacturing method of the coupler yoke.

Fig. 10 is a schematic flow chart of a manufacturing method of a coupler yoke according to an embodiment of the present invention, and in conjunction with fig. 10, the manufacturing method includes:

s1: providing a coupler yoke body and a bush which are matched with each other;

s2: coating adhesives on the inner wall of a hook tail lining hole and the outer wall of a lining of the provided hook tail frame body;

s3: pressing the provided bush in the coupler tail bush hole coated with the adhesive;

s4: and (4) standing the coupler tail bushing hole pressed with the bushing until the adhesive is firmly oxidized.

In step S3, the end with the frustum shape is first press-fitted into a connection hole, and then the end with the frustum shape is applied to a press head with a diameter larger than the diameter of the outer circle of the bush 1 by a hydraulic press to vertically and smoothly press the bush into the coupler tail bush hole, the whole press-fitting process is represented by a press-fitting curve, and the maximum pressure must be larger than 350 KN.

In the case of example step S4, the standing time was not less than 48 hours to allow the adhesive to be oxidized firmly.

The yoke manufactured by the above manufacturing method can be used with sufficient performance by improving the performance as shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

Finally, the invention also provides a railway wagon, which comprises the coupler yoke, wherein the coupler yoke is matched with a coupler so as to realize coupling between a locomotive and a vehicle or between the vehicle and the vehicle, transfer traction force and impact force and keep a certain distance between the vehicles.

The coupler yoke has longer service life, so the overhaul cost of the railway wagon is correspondingly reduced, and the coupler yoke has good practicability.

The following embodiments are provided for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention in any way, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the technical features of the present invention can be modified or changed in some ways without departing from the scope of the present invention.