阅读说明：本技术 一种巴克豪森噪声分析法监控轴承套圈表面磨削质量方法 (Method for monitoring surface grinding quality of bearing ring by Barkhausen noise analysis method ) 是由 王欢 张凯胜 高洋 肖胜尧 张劲松 于 2020-12-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种巴克豪森噪声分析法监控轴承套圈表面磨削质量方法,涉及机械检测技术领域。为解决现有的金属探伤仪对零件表面进行检测,有时会出现检测误差,无法检测出轴承套圈外表面细小的伤痕,导致轴承套圈的使用寿命较短的问题。采用巴克豪森噪声分析法对轴承套圈表面磨削质量进行检测,可以在不破坏轴承套圈的情况下监控承套圈表面磨削质量,利于监控批次套圈磨削加工质量一致性、稳定性,对改进磨削质量识别磨削异常情况提供帮助,有效的保证了产品质量,提高检测的精度,从而提高轴承套圈的使用寿命。本发明适用于对轴承套圈表面磨削质量进行检测。(A method for monitoring the surface grinding quality of a bearing ring by a Barkhausen noise analysis method relates to the technical field of mechanical detection. The problem that the service life of a bearing ring is short due to the fact that detection errors sometimes occur when an existing metal flaw detector detects the surface of a part and the fact that fine flaws on the outer surface of the bearing ring cannot be detected is solved. The Barkhausen noise analysis method is adopted to detect the surface grinding quality of the bearing ring, the surface grinding quality of the bearing ring can be monitored under the condition that the bearing ring is not damaged, the consistency and the stability of the grinding processing quality of the batch of rings can be monitored, the grinding quality can be improved, the abnormal grinding condition can be identified, the product quality is effectively guaranteed, the detection precision is improved, and the service life of the bearing ring is prolonged. The invention is suitable for detecting the surface grinding quality of the bearing ring.)

1. A method for monitoring the surface grinding quality of a bearing ring by a Barkhausen noise analysis method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the specific method comprises the following steps:

selecting proper test equipment, and correcting the stability of the test equipment and the system performance of calibration equipment;

selecting a detection frequency and an excitation mode;

step three, determining the optimal magnetization voltage;

selecting a sample to be detected, and detecting the sample by using a probe of detection equipment;

and fifthly, performing physical and chemical analysis on the detection result.

2. The method for monitoring the surface grinding quality of the bearing ring by using the Barkhausen noise analysis method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specific method for determining the optimal magnetization voltage in the third step is as follows: and determining a reasonable voltage value used when the bearing ring is detected by using a Barkhausen noise analysis method by using a single sample method.

3. The method for monitoring the surface grinding quality of the bearing ring by using the Barkhausen noise analysis method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specific method for detecting the sample by using the probe of the detection device in the fourth step is as follows:

step four, when a probe of the detection device is used for scanning the sample, avoiding the position of the edge and the shape mutation, preventing abnormal signals from generating to influence the evaluation of the detection result, supplying alternating current from a power supply, and generating an alternating current magnetic field in an excitation coil in a magnetization shaft to magnetize the detected piece;

step two, the distance between the probe and the detection surface is kept unchanged in the detection process, and the abnormal jumping of the magnetic bomb probe can cause the abnormal magnetic bomb signal to cause interference on the detection result;

and step three, aiming at bearing ring detection, a magnetizing shaft is adopted to drive the ring to rotate, a magnetoelastic probe longitudinally moves or is in a fixed point detection mode, the magnetized detected piece generates Barkhausen noise, and a probe for detection extracts a Barkhausen noise signal.

4. The method for monitoring the surface grinding quality of the bearing ring by using the Barkhausen noise analysis method according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fourth step, the magnetic-elastic probe is a detection coil made of enameled wires wound by ferrite.

5. The method for monitoring the surface grinding quality of the bearing ring by using the Barkhausen noise analysis method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the concrete method for performing physical and chemical analysis on the detection result in the step five is as follows:

fifthly, detecting the surface of the bearing ring after setting the optimal magnetization voltage, selecting the ring with steep magnetic elasticity values and relatively stable parts for numbering and marking the position, and recording the magnetic elasticity value data of the whole ring and the magnetic elasticity value of the marked points;

step two, generating a magnetic elasticity value graph which changes along with time when the Barkhausen noise analysis method is used for detection, obtaining the magnetic elasticity value of the corresponding position of the bearing ring, and analyzing data including data such as a maximum value, a minimum value, an average value, a ratio and the like after the detection is finished;

and step five and step three, after the detection by the Barkhausen noise analysis method is finished, carrying out X-ray stress test, physicochemical analysis on the burn and the like on the marked position.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical detection, in particular to a method for monitoring the surface grinding quality of a bearing ring by using a Barkhausen noise analysis method.

Background

The residual stress generated after the surface of the bearing ring is ground, the fatigue behavior and the service reliability of a product are directly influenced by the burn generated in the grinding process, and the mechanical property, particularly the fatigue behavior, of a part is influenced by the residual stress and the burn. In order to solve the detection problems of residual stress, grinding burn and the like caused by abnormal grinding of the surface of a bearing ring, the existing detection method is low in detection efficiency, cannot detect products in batches, can damage the products by a physical and chemical analysis and acid washing method, cannot detect the problems of the residual stress, the grinding burn and the like simultaneously, and the like, and is lack of an auxiliary means for quickly and effectively monitoring the grinding quality and guiding and optimizing the grinding process, so that the use safety and the service life of the bearing are influenced to a certain degree.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for monitoring the surface grinding quality of a bearing ring by a Barkhausen noise analysis method, which aims to solve the problems that the detection error sometimes occurs when the existing metal flaw detector detects the surface of a part, and the service life of the bearing ring is short because a small flaw on the outer surface of the bearing ring cannot be detected.

The invention discloses a method for monitoring the surface grinding quality of a bearing ring by using a Barkhausen noise analysis method, which comprises the following specific steps:

selecting proper test equipment, and correcting the stability of the test equipment and the system performance of calibration equipment;

selecting a detection frequency and an excitation mode;

step three, determining the optimal magnetization voltage;

selecting a sample to be detected, and detecting the sample by using a probe of detection equipment;

step five, performing physical and chemical analysis on the detection result;

further, the specific method for determining the optimal magnetization voltage in step three is as follows: determining a reasonable voltage value used when the bearing ring is detected by using a Barkhausen noise analysis method by using a single sample method;

further, the specific method for detecting the sample by using the probe of the detection device in the fourth step is as follows:

step four, when a probe of the detection device is used for scanning the sample, avoiding the position of the edge and the shape mutation, preventing abnormal signals from generating to influence the evaluation of the detection result, supplying alternating current from a power supply, and generating an alternating current magnetic field in an excitation coil in a magnetization shaft to magnetize the detected piece;

step two, the distance between the probe and the detection surface is kept unchanged in the detection process, and the abnormal jumping of the magnetic bomb probe can cause the abnormal magnetic bomb signal to cause interference on the detection result;

fourthly, aiming at the bearing ring detection, a magnetizing shaft is adopted to drive the ring to rotate, a magnetoelastic probe longitudinally moves or is in a fixed point detection mode, the magnetized detected piece generates Barkhausen noise, and a probe for detection extracts a Barkhausen noise signal;

furthermore, in the first step, the magnetoelastic probe is a detection coil made of ferrite wound enameled wires;

further, the specific method for performing physicochemical analysis on the detection result in the step five is as follows:

fifthly, detecting the surface of the bearing ring after setting the optimal magnetization voltage, selecting the ring with steep magnetic elasticity values and relatively stable parts for numbering and marking the position, and recording the magnetic elasticity value data of the whole ring and the magnetic elasticity value of the marked points;

step two, generating a magnetic elasticity value graph which changes along with time when the Barkhausen noise analysis method is used for detection, obtaining the magnetic elasticity value of the corresponding position of the bearing ring, and analyzing data including data such as a maximum value, a minimum value, an average value, a ratio and the like after the detection is finished;

and step five and step three, after the detection by the Barkhausen noise analysis method is finished, carrying out X-ray stress test, physicochemical analysis on the burn and the like on the marked position.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the method overcomes the defects of the prior art, and adopts a Barkhausen noise analysis method to detect the surface grinding quality of the bearing ring, wherein the Barkhausen noise analysis method is a nondestructive detection method, can monitor the surface grinding quality of the bearing ring under the condition of not damaging the bearing ring, is favorable for monitoring the consistency and the stability of the grinding processing quality of batch of rings, and provides help for improving the grinding quality and identifying abnormal grinding conditions. By the monitoring method, the quality of grinding quality can be integrally reflected according to the magnetic elasticity value detected by the Barkhausen noise analysis method, technical support is provided for the research and improvement of the machining process, the product quality is effectively guaranteed, the detection precision is improved, and the service life of the bearing ring is prolonged.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a test value of a method for monitoring the grinding quality of the surface of a bearing ring by utilizing a Barkhausen noise analysis method in the invention when two samples are detected;

FIG. 2 is a test value curve of a method for monitoring the surface grinding quality of a bearing ring by utilizing the Barkhausen noise analysis method in the invention when the Type A is detected;

FIG. 3 is a test value curve of the method for monitoring the grinding quality of the surface of the bearing ring by utilizing the Barkhausen noise analysis method in the invention when the Type B is detected.

Detailed Description

The first embodiment is as follows: the method for monitoring the surface grinding quality of the bearing ring by using the Barkhausen noise analysis method comprises the following specific steps:

selecting proper test equipment, and correcting the stability of the test equipment and the system performance of calibration equipment;

selecting a detection frequency and an excitation mode;

step three, determining the optimal magnetization voltage;

selecting a sample to be detected, and detecting the sample by using a probe of detection equipment;

step five, performing physical and chemical analysis on the detection result;

in the specific embodiment, the Barkhausen noise technology is adopted, so that the early performance degradation and micro-damage of the ferromagnetic material can be detected and evaluated, the surface stress state, the fatigue damage state and the microstructure change characteristics of the material are determined at the early use stage of the material, the early damage part of the material can be found as soon as possible, and a reliable basis is provided for the safety evaluation and the residual life evaluation of important equipment or components. The international research on the MBN effect mainly focuses on stress monitoring, fatigue state analysis, hardness detection, microstructure analysis, grain size measurement, surface heat treatment process evaluation, surface grinding state and the like.

The barkhausen noise analysis method is mainly influenced by stress and microstructure. The Barkhausen noise analysis equipment used in our factory has the stress parallel to the magnetization direction, and the detection signal increases along with the increase of tensile stress and weakens along with the increase of compressive stress. For hardness, the detection signal increases when the hardness of the material decreases, and decreases when the hardness of the material increases. The barkhausen noise analysis method is a quantitative analysis method.

It is known from the principle of the barkhausen noise analysis method that the barkhausen noise analysis method cannot directly find whether the burn is caused, but judges whether the burn is caused by the difference between the hardness of the general characteristic burn area of the grinding surface and the normal part, the reduction of the compressive stress or the generation of the residual tensile stress. The evaluation is made by a series of values detected by a maximum value, a fluctuation value, an average value, and the like of the Barkhausen noise analysis method. Therefore, abnormal changes in numerical values such as hardness differences and stress changes of the raceway of the ground bearing ring affect the determination of the seizure.

In recent years, the analysis of the external field fault of the bearing ring is caused by grinding burn or surface grinding quality problems. The actual burning and residual stress all cause remarkable influence on the quality of the working surface of the bearing ring, so the Barkhausen noise analysis method can monitor the comprehensive grinding condition, is favorable for monitoring the consistency and stability of the grinding processing quality of the batch of rings, improves the grinding quality, identifies the abnormal grinding condition and plays a role in lifting the weight of ensuring the quality control of the aviation bearing.

The second embodiment is as follows: in the present embodiment, the detection method according to the first embodiment is further limited, and the method for monitoring the grinding quality of the surface of the bearing ring by using the barkhausen noise analysis method according to the present embodiment includes the following specific steps: determining a reasonable voltage value used when the bearing ring is detected by using a Barkhausen noise analysis method by using a single sample method;

in the specific embodiment, a single sample method is adopted to determine the reasonable voltage value used when the Barkhausen noise analysis method is used for detecting the bearing ring, and when a sample is measured, the MAGN (magnetization value) is gradually increased to the maximum value by 5-10 units from 0 to obtain the test results of different magnetization values. All test results were recorded.

The third concrete implementation mode: in the present embodiment, the method for monitoring the grinding quality of the surface of the bearing ring by the barkhausen noise analysis method according to the present embodiment is further defined as follows:

step four, when a probe of the detection device is used for scanning the sample, avoiding the position of the edge and the shape mutation, preventing abnormal signals from generating to influence the evaluation of the detection result, supplying alternating current from a power supply, and generating an alternating current magnetic field in an excitation coil in a magnetization shaft to magnetize the detected piece;

step two, the distance between the probe and the detection surface is kept unchanged in the detection process, and the abnormal jumping of the magnetic bomb probe can cause the abnormal magnetic bomb signal to cause interference on the detection result;

fourthly, aiming at the bearing ring detection, a magnetizing shaft is adopted to drive the ring to rotate, a magnetoelastic probe longitudinally moves or is in a fixed point detection mode, the magnetized detected piece generates Barkhausen noise, and a probe for detection extracts a Barkhausen noise signal;

in the specific embodiment, the Barkhausen noise analysis method is adopted to detect the surface grinding quality of the bearing ring, and is a nondestructive detection method, so that the surface grinding quality of the bearing ring can be monitored under the condition that the bearing ring is not damaged, the consistency and the stability of the grinding processing quality of the batch of rings can be monitored, and the improvement of the grinding quality and the identification of abnormal grinding conditions are facilitated. By the monitoring method, the quality of grinding quality can be integrally reflected according to the magnetic elasticity value detected by the Barkhausen noise analysis method, technical support is provided for the research and improvement of the machining process, the product quality is effectively guaranteed, the detection precision is improved, and the service life of the bearing ring is prolonged.

The fourth concrete implementation mode: in the present embodiment, the detection method according to the third embodiment is further defined, and the barkhausen noise analysis method according to the present embodiment is a method for monitoring the surface grinding quality of a bearing ring, wherein in the first step, the magnetic spring probe is a detection coil made of ferrite-wound enameled wire;

according to the specific embodiment, the detection coil made of the enameled wire wound by the ferrite is adopted for the magnetic-elastic probe, and the outer layer is additionally provided with the shield for shielding the interference of an external electric field, so that the detection error is reduced.

The fifth concrete implementation mode: in the present embodiment, the detection method according to the first embodiment is further limited, and the method for monitoring the grinding quality of the surface of the bearing ring by using the barkhausen noise analysis method according to the present embodiment includes the following specific steps of performing physical and chemical analysis on the detection result in the fifth step:

fifthly, detecting the surface of the bearing ring after setting the optimal magnetization voltage, selecting the ring with steep magnetic elasticity values and relatively stable parts for numbering and marking the position, and recording the magnetic elasticity value data of the whole ring and the magnetic elasticity value of the marked points;

step two, generating a magnetic elasticity value graph which changes along with time when the Barkhausen noise analysis method is used for detection, obtaining the magnetic elasticity value of the corresponding position of the bearing ring, and analyzing data including data such as a maximum value, a minimum value, an average value, a ratio and the like after the detection is finished;

step five, after the detection of the Barkhausen noise analysis method is finished, carrying out X-ray stress test, physicochemical analysis on burn and the like on the marked position;

in the present embodiment, the determination of whether the magnetic elastic value abnormal portion of the bearing ring is a grinding burn or a surface stress abnormality is performed by the barkhausen noise analysis method by the above method. Forming a corresponding relation between the magnetic elastic value and the surface stress through the detection position of the non-burnt part, and searching the magnetic elastic value rule of each grinding burnt bearing ring.

The sixth specific implementation mode: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and the present embodiment is a further limitation of the detection method according to the first embodiment, and when the method for monitoring the surface grinding quality of the bearing ring by using the barkhausen noise analysis method according to the present embodiment is used, two materials are selected as TypeA and TypeB;

1)Type A

when the material or sensor shows saturation of magnetization, the shape of the plot is a-type. First, as MAGN increases, the instrument output also increases. At a certain setting of MAGN, the device output will start to flatten, which is characteristic of saturation of magnetization. Before saturation, the correct setting for MAGN should be the "knee" position in the curve, and the value immediately below "knee" is usually chosen, which is the most satisfactory signal level.

2)Type B

This is a typical curve where there is no significant saturation (no "knee" plateau) that normally occurs when the surface of the material becomes hard. These curves may rise slowly with increasing MAGN at will. If such a typical curve is found, its highest value can be used in the MAGN setting of the application sensor;

and finally, performing physical and chemical analysis on the curve and the test value.