阅读说明：本技术 一种硝酸铵乳化油替代柴油作柴油机燃料的方法 (Method for using ammonium nitrate emulsified oil as diesel engine fuel instead of diesel oil ) 是由 王瑞安 于 2019-09-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：硝酸铵乳化油(以下简称乳化油)替代柴油做柴油机燃料,利用硝酸铵爆燃点比柴油低50℃特性,不考虑油料十六烷值,闪点,自燃点,热值等指标,用一切可燃烧的液体油料(包括地沟油、废机油、石脑油、燃料油等)作为乳化油混合油料,与硝酸铵,水以及有润滑和防锈功能的磷酸酯盐乳化剂混合,经乳化机乳化成水包油结构乳化油,替代轻柴油作为柴油车(机)燃料,替代重柴油做船用重型柴油机燃料。调整柴油机喷油提前角,减少冷却水,保证水箱温度≥95℃,减少空气进气量。可以达到同样体积柴油同样机械动力特性,减少60-90％排气污染；节省20％以上柴油；延长柴油机喷油系统使用寿命,降低成本。(The emulsified oil of ammonium nitrate (hereinafter referred to as emulsified oil) is used as diesel fuel instead of diesel oil, the characteristic that the detonation point of ammonium nitrate is lower than that of diesel oil by 50 ℃, indexes such as cetane number, flash point, self-ignition point and calorific value of oil are not considered, all combustible liquid oil (including illegal cooking oil, waste engine oil, naphtha, fuel oil and the like) is used as emulsified oil mixed oil, the emulsified oil is mixed with ammonium nitrate, water and phosphate ester salt emulsifier with lubricating and anti-rust functions, and the emulsified oil is emulsified into emulsified oil with an oil-in-water structure by an emulsifying machine and is used as diesel vehicle (engine) fuel instead of light diesel oil, and is used as marine heavy diesel fuel instead of heavy diesel oil. The fuel injection advance angle of the diesel engine is adjusted, cooling water is reduced, the temperature of the water tank is guaranteed to be more than or equal to 95 ℃, and air inflow is reduced. The same mechanical power characteristic of diesel oil with the same volume can be achieved, and 60-90% of exhaust pollution is reduced; the diesel oil is saved by more than 20 percent; the service life of the diesel engine oil injection system is prolonged, and the cost is reduced.)

1. Ammonium nitrate, water, mixed oil (combination of combustible liquid oil such as swill-cooked dirty oil, waste engine oil, naphtha and fuel oil) and phosphate ester emulsifier with lubricating and antirust functions are taken as main raw materials to be emulsified oil with an oil-in-water structure, and light diesel oil is replaced to be taken as fuel of a diesel vehicle (engine); the heavy diesel oil is used as the fuel of the heavy diesel engine for the ship instead of the heavy diesel oil.

2. The emulsified oil as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by adding ammonium nitrate as a civil explosive.

3. The phosphate ester emulsifier according to claim 1, which comprises phosphate ester salts having emulsifying, lubricating and rust-preventing functions, such as alcohol ether phosphate ester salts, phenol ether phosphate ester salts and the like.

4. Before the emulsified oil of claim 1 is used, the oil injection advance angle of the diesel engine must be adjusted to be more than or equal to 15 degrees, about 20 percent of circulating cooling water is reduced, the temperature of a water tank is more than or equal to 95 degrees, and about 40 percent of air intake is reduced.

The technical field is as follows:

the invention relates to energy and environmental engineering.

Background art:

diesel fuel is the most energy intensive liquid fuel and is currently the only fuel available for compression ignition engines, so compression ignition engines are also known as diesel engines. The diesel oil has high distillation range, high viscosity and difficult atomization, and the diesel oil after being atomized by a diesel oil injector has the grain diameter of 30-50 microns, large and uneven grain diameter and slow evaporation, diffusion and oxidation speeds. On the other hand, the oil injection time of the diesel engine is short, the oil cannot be mixed with the air uniformly, and the oxygen is still insufficient in the local part of the combustion chamber although the excess air coefficient is more than 1.3. When later stage oil spout, the combustion chamber environment is more abominable, delays to the exhaust stage even and burns, inevitably produces particulate matter and hydrocarbon etc. in the exhaust, extravagant oil pollutes the environment again, and motor vehicle exhaust pollution is the important reason who causes ash haze, photochemistry smog, and wherein the oxynitrides that the diesel vehicle discharged are close to the seven of the car total amount of discharging, and the particulate matter exceedes nine. The world health organization escalates diesel vehicle exhaust pollution to certain carcinogenic levels.

It is reported that if ships using heavy diesel oil and fuel oil as fuel are concentrated all over the world, the ships will become the fifth greenhouse gas country. The marine heavy diesel engine using heavy diesel oil as fuel has huge power, and the exhaust pollution of a single diesel engine is equivalent to that of more than ten thousand diesel engines, thereby causing serious air pollution to port cities. Reducing diesel exhaust pollution remains an urgent problem to be solved.

The efficiency of the diesel engine is higher than that of the gasoline engine, the oil consumption is lower than that of the gasoline engine, but the burning oil is still about one third and is converted into useful work, about one third is taken away by exhaust gas, about one third is taken away by a water-cooling heat dissipation system, and the use effect is difficult to achieve.

The invention content is as follows:

the ammonium nitrate is dissolved in water, mixed with the phosphate ester emulsifier and the mixed oil, and emulsified into emulsified oil with a white oil-in-water structure by an emulsifying machine, the emulsified oil replaces light diesel oil to be used as fuel of a diesel vehicle (engine) and replaces heavy diesel oil to be used as fuel of a heavy diesel engine for aviation, and the same mechanical power characteristic is achieved when the light diesel oil or the heavy diesel oil with the same volume is used as fuel; the exhaust pollution is reduced by 65-90%; the oil is saved by more than 20%; the exhaust temperature is reduced by 50-90 ℃; the service life of the fuel injection system of the compression ignition internal combustion engine can be prolonged.

Example (c): 6.5g of ammonium nitrate dissolved in 24ml of water, 1ml of alcohol ether phosphate triethanolamine salt and 72ml of water mixed oil (volume percentage: 30% naphtha and 70% 0# diesel oil) totaling 100ml, and emulsified by an emulsifier to form emulsified oil (hereinafter referred to as emulsified oil) with a white oil-in-water structure. In 2006, 8.2.8 days, the emulsified oil is delivered to oil detection and evaluation center in mechanical industry of Guangzhou institute of mechanical science, and contrast is 0^#Diesel oil, the detection result is as follows:

supplementing:

1. and (3) checking the acidity of the emulsified oil by GB/T258-1977, wherein the acidity of the emulsified oil is 1675mg-K0H/100ml, and the corrosion of the copper sheet is still qualified when the national standard is not more than 7mg-K0H/100 ml.

2. The tabular data is AND 0^#And comparing the detection data with diesel oil, wherein the freezing point is the freezing point when the antifreezing solution ethanol is not added at the temperature of-6 ℃.

The water content in the emulsified oil is 27.8 percent, and the net calorific value is 27605J/g, which is only 0^#The net heat value of the diesel oil is 65.7 percent, considering that when the compression stroke of the diesel engine is finished, the pressure of a combustion chamber is more than 3.5MPa, the boiling point of water is improved to about 250 ℃, the evaporation latent heat of the water is 8-9 times of that of the diesel oil, the consumed energy is increased, the net heat value is converted into the net heat value of the oil material with the same volume and is 0^#About 62 percent of the net heat value of the diesel cannot enable the diesel to work normally. The key point of the emulsified oil to replace diesel oil is ammonium nitrate. Ammonium nitrate is civil explosive and inorganic oxidant, and has oxygen supply amount of 200 g/kg, molecular weight of 80, generating energy of-4424J/g, generating enthalpy of-4563J/g, N content of 35%, and density of 1.59-1.7 g/cm³The ammonium nitrate is easy to dissolve in water and absorbs heat after being dissolved in water, the water solution at 20 ℃ contains 66.4 percent of ammonium nitrate, the latent heat of evaporation is 2254J/g, the gas product is 0.98L/g, the explosion temperature is about 290 ℃, and the deflagration speed is 2000-2700 m/s. The reaction is as follows:

4NH₄NO₃→3N₂+2NO₂+8H₂O+123KJ

when the compression stroke of the diesel engine is finished, the temperature of the combustion chamber is low, the mixed oil can not be compressed, the detonation point of ammonium nitrate is lower than the self-ignition point of diesel oil by about 50 ℃, the piston of the diesel engine passes through a top dead center, the pressure of the combustion chamber is released instantly, the ammonium nitrate explodes to ignite the mixed oil with different self-ignition points and different combustion speeds, an explosion reaction is formed, the detonation speed of the ammonium nitrate is 70-90 times of the combustion speed of the diesel oil (the combustion speed of the diesel oil is about 30m/s, and the combustion speeds of gasoline and naphtha are about 50 m/s), the generated working pressure is higher than that of the diesel oil, the generated working pressure is the main power for pushing the piston to do work in the isochoric expansion stage, and the main function of the. The combustion speed of the emulsified oil is fast, although the time of doing work is shorter than that of diesel oil, the time point of doing work is about 10 degrees ahead of the crank angle of the diesel oil, and the time period of the highest work efficiency of the piston is fully utilized. The emulsified oil is ensured to replace diesel oil to achieve the same mechanical power characteristic when the diesel oil with the same volume is used as fuel. The test run on various diesel vehicles can achieve satisfactory effect. 26 th 6 th month in 2004, the test run was heavily loaded on the 5 ton diesel vehicle from east wind of Jindizai fiber factory, Tantang, the entire process of the test run was recorded by a video recorder in Hunan Security, and news was broadcast at night.

The implementation mode is as follows:

in order to adapt to the characteristics of low calorific value, much water, high viscosity and slow temperature rise of emulsified oil, a diesel engine needs to be adjusted.

1. The advance angle of the fuel injector is advanced by two teeth (more than or equal to 15 degrees) on the original basis, so that the emulsified oil enters a combustion chamber in advance for preheating.

2. The circulating cooling water of the cooling system is reduced to reduce the quantity of heat taken away by the cooling water, and the temperature of the combustion chamber required by the normal working of the emulsified oil is reached. When the emulsified oil works, the temperature of the water tank is not lower than 95 ℃.

3. The sectional area of the air inlet of the air filter is reduced by 50%, and the air inflow is reduced by about 40% so as to reduce the heat taken away by exhaust.

4. The combustion chamber of the water-cooled diesel engine is internally provided with a cooling water jacket, the mechanical strength is limited, and the dosage of ammonium nitrate is based on the rated power when diesel oil is used as fuel.

When the emulsified oil is used, the diesel engine is required to be adjusted according to the requirements, otherwise, the rated power of the diesel engine cannot be reached, and 0 is made on a YCG6100Q diesel engine of automobile part quality supervision and detection center in Guangzhou mechanical industry in 2006, 12 and 29 days^#According to the national standards such as GB1105.2-87 internal combustion engine bench performance test method, the Guangzhou detection center does not allow to reduce the cooling water and the air input amount, does not allow to adjust the fuel injection advance angle, and the cooperation party insists on trying. Because the method cannot adapt to the characteristics of low calorific value, much water and slow temperature rise of emulsified oil, the ammonium nitrate in the emulsified oil detonates only after the constant volume expansion stage, and the explosion reaction is the end of a strong crossbow at the moment and cannot reach the rated power when diesel oil is used as fuel.

The characteristics of the emulsified oil:

1. reducing exhaust pollution of diesel engine

The average water content of the emulsified oil is about 25%, naphtha with the volume of 30% is added into the mixed oil, the sulfur and heavy metal content in the naphtha is very low, so that the sulfur and heavy metal content in the emulsified oil is very low, the sulfur and heavy metal content is reduced by about 50% compared with that of diesel oil, the oil in the emulsified oil is uniformly dispersed in water by about 2 mu m particles, the oil enters a combustion chamber in advance through an oil sprayer, the particle size of the oil is further reduced, the particle size is 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than that of the atomized diesel oil, the specific surface area of an interface is more expanded by thousands of times, and the oil and air are ensured to be uniformly mixed. Ammonium nitrate is an oxidant, and 20% by weight of oxygen is released in an explosion reaction to accelerate the oxidation reaction of hydrocarbon and the flame propagation speed, so that the oil is fully combusted; the nitrogen oxide is a product of oil high-temperature cracking, the cracking process is a process which absorbs more heat than releases heat, the emulsified oil has low heat value, the combustion chamber is slowly heated, the temperature is lower than that of diesel oil, the cracking of the oil is inhibited, and the nitrogen oxide is not generated; because of the separation and the blocking of the water vapor, the carbon in the oil is fully oxidized, particles are difficult to form in the combustion chamber, and the carbon can react with the carbon deposit in the combustion chamber to generate water gas, so that the carbon deposit in the combustion chamber is removed, and the environment of the combustion chamber is improved.

In 2006, 12 months and 27 days, emulsified oil and 0 are subjected to automobile exhaust smoke intensity, exhaust limit and measurement method of automobile exhaust smoke intensity and exhaust limit of automobile compression ignition engine and automobile compression ignition engine according to GB3847-2005 in Guangzhou machinery industry automobile part product quality supervision and detection center^#The diesel exhaust pollution comparison detection result is as follows: 0^#Diesel produced exhaust opacity averaged 56.93%; the light absorption coefficient averaged 1.96 k/m. The emulsified oil produced an average exhaust opacity of 4.37%; the light absorption coefficient averaged 0.10 k/m. The comparison result shows that the emulsified oil reduces more than 90% of exhaust pollution.

The oil in the emulsified oil has a particle size of about 2 μm,

in the test run, the measured exhaust temperature is 50-90 ℃ lower than the exhaust temperature generated by diesel oil; the emulsified oil is in an oil-in-water structure, the oil is not directly contacted with air, the oil is not easy to ignite even if a lighter is used for open fire, and the exhaust pollution caused by oil volatilization is lower than that of diesel oil.

2. Reduce the operation cost of motor vehicles

The same volume of emulsified oil replaces the same volume of diesel oil, the same mechanical power characteristic is achieved, the volume of non-oil materials in the emulsified oil accounts for about 28%, the 28% volume of diesel oil is saved, and the weight oil saving is about 30% considering that the density (0.69g/ml) of naphtha is smaller than that (0.83g/ml) of diesel oil; the working principle of the emulsified oil is that the ammonium nitrate deflagration leads the fuel oil to burn, the fuel oil is not burnt by the compression and temperature rise of a diesel engine, the cetane number, the flash point, the self-ignition point, the viscosity, the moisture and the like of the fuel oil are not strictly required, and all combustible liquid fuel oils such as the reclaimed and cleaned swill-cooked dirty oil, the waste engine oil, the waste edible oil and the like can be used as the emulsified oil mixed oil ingredient, so that the cost of the emulsified oil is reduced.

China is a large country in the manufacturing industry and is one of the countries with the most production and use of motor vehicles, and a large amount of waste engine oil is generated every year. The traditional recovery method is to heat the used oil, volatilize gasoline, diesel oil and the like with low distillation range, then acid-wash with concentrated sulfuric acid, and refine with clay to be used as base oil to prepare the engine oil again. The pollution of waste gas and acid sludge generated in the recovery process to the environment is more serious than that of waste engine oil, and the problem is a worldwide problem which troubles people. The method has the advantages that the used engine oil is recycled without compensation when the engine oil is added to foreign automobiles, the pollution treatment cost of the used engine oil is further recycled, and if the used engine oil is used as the emulsified oil ingredient, the used engine oil can be used as the emulsified oil ingredient only by diluting, stirring and clarifying the used engine oil with naphtha, so that the method is an effective method for reducing the cost of the emulsified oil and preventing the secondary pollution of the used engine oil.

The marine heavy diesel engine has huge power and large oil consumption, and the main transportation cost is the consumption of heavy diesel oil. Because the emulsified oil does not need to consider the cetane number requirement of the oil, the emulsified oil can be prepared by using fuel oil or crude oil to replace heavy diesel oil, and the cost is reduced very effectively.

3. Prolonging service life of oil supply system of diesel engine

When the diesel engine works, the diesel oil is used as a conveying medium of the high-pressure pump and the oil injector, and is used as a lubricant and a coolant for the operation of parts. Since the three fuel standards of China are popularized and executed, with the improvement of the diesel standard, the components with lubricating effect in the diesel are less and less, the abrasion of parts is increased, and the service lives of a high-pressure pump and an oil injector are less than 800 hours. The emulsified oil is used for replacing diesel oil for test run, the test run is accumulated for 1001.5 hours, and after disintegration, the plunger pump and the oil injector are found to have no obvious abrasion, because the emulsifier in the emulsified oil, namely phosphate, is a high molecular compound with good rust prevention and lubricating properties and is distributed on an oil-water interface with a huge specific surface area in a monomolecular film form, and parts are protected from being well lubricated and corroded.

4. Application prospect of emulsified oil

The emulsified oil has large viscosity and poor fluidity, is only suitable for a compression ignition type internal combustion engine for high-pressure pump oil transportation, but is not diesel oil but ammonium nitrate in an aqueous solution state for compression ignition, an ignition system is simple and reliable, the emulsified oil contains about 25 percent of water (volume ratio) and the ammonium nitrate and the mixed oil are exploded together to push a piston to work, and the concepts of the internal combustion engine and a steam engine are blurred. The mixed oil in the emulsified oil comprises heavy oil such as diesel oil and waste engine oil, and also comprises light oil such as waste gasoline, naphtha and waste transformer oil, thereby obscuring the concepts of the diesel engine and the gasoline engine. The efficiency of the internal combustion engine is improved, oil is saved, the cost is reduced, more importantly, compared with a diesel engine, the exhaust pollution is reduced by more than 90%, and the internal combustion engine can be popularized and applied. In order to adapt to the characteristics of low heat value, high viscosity and low working temperature of emulsified oil, a special compression ignition type internal combustion engine needs to be redesigned, the air inflow is reduced by about 40 percent during design, the oil injection advance angle is adjusted in place at one time, and water cooling heat dissipation is changed into air cooling heat dissipation; the engine cylinder body is changed into a solid structure from a thin-wall structure, the mechanical strength of the combustion chamber is improved, the proportion of ammonium nitrate can be improved, the efficiency is further improved, and the mechanical power characteristic is better than that of diesel oil as fuel.

According to the characteristic that ammonium nitrate is 70-90 times lower than diesel oil in detonation speed, working temperature and exhaust temperature, the emulsified oil can be applied to a ram engine, a gas turbine or a jet engine, the efficiency is improved, and the working environment of key working parts such as turbines, blades and the like is improved.