阅读说明：本技术 一种高效破岩方法、设备及该设备的应用方法 (Efficient rock breaking method and device and application method of device ) 是由 王少锋 唐宇 周子龙 于 2021-08-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种高效破岩方法、设备及该设备的应用方法,采用的TBM破岩设备具有同轴嵌套的小直径刀盘和大直径刀盘,小直径刀盘和大直径刀盘既可单独破岩和装渣,又可同时破岩和装渣；矿岩硬度高时,采用先通过小直径刀盘破岩然后再通过大直径刀盘破岩的方式；矿岩硬度低时,采用小直径刀盘和大直径刀盘同时破岩的方式。TBM同轴嵌套的大小刀盘分别配置驱动刀盘旋转的液压马达和驱动刀盘前进的推进油缸。在对矿岩进行硬度测定后,可根据矿岩硬度选择两种破岩模式。两种破岩方式的刀具磨损小,使用寿命延长,降低更换刀具的频率,减少停机次数,提高破岩效率。而且在同一掘进过程中,矿岩在不同位置具有不同硬度时,可灵活替换破岩方式来提高效率。(The invention discloses a high-efficiency rock breaking method and equipment and an application method of the equipment.A TBM rock breaking device is adopted and is provided with a small-diameter cutter head and a large-diameter cutter head which are coaxially nested, and the small-diameter cutter head and the large-diameter cutter head can be used for independently breaking rock and loading slag and simultaneously breaking rock and loading slag; when the hardness of the ore rock is high, the mode of breaking the ore through a small-diameter cutter head and then breaking the ore through a large-diameter cutter head is adopted; when the hardness of the ore rock is low, a mode of breaking the rock by using the small-diameter cutter head and the large-diameter cutter head simultaneously is adopted. The large cutterhead and the small cutterhead which are coaxially nested in the TBM are respectively provided with a hydraulic motor for driving the cutterheads to rotate and a propulsion oil cylinder for driving the cutterheads to advance. After the hardness of the ore rock is measured, two rock breaking modes can be selected according to the hardness of the ore rock. The cutters of the two rock breaking modes are small in abrasion, the service life is prolonged, the frequency of cutter replacement is reduced, the shutdown times are reduced, and the rock breaking efficiency is improved. In addition, in the same tunneling process, when the ore rocks have different hardness at different positions, the rock breaking mode can be flexibly replaced to improve the efficiency.)

1. A high-efficiency rock breaking method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the TBM rock breaking equipment adopted by the method is provided with a small-diameter cutter head and a large-diameter cutter head which are coaxially nested, and the small-diameter cutter head and the large-diameter cutter head can be used for independently breaking rock and loading slag and can also be used for simultaneously breaking rock and loading slag;

when the hardness of the ore rock is high, the mode of breaking the ore through a small-diameter cutter head and then breaking the ore through a large-diameter cutter head is adopted;

when the hardness of the ore rock is low, a mode that the small-diameter cutter head and the large-diameter cutter head break the rock simultaneously is adopted.

2. A TBM rock breaking device suitable for the method of claim 1, which comprises a cutter head, a hydraulic motor for driving the cutter head to rotate and a propulsion oil cylinder for driving the cutter head to advance, and is characterized in that: the cutter heads comprise a small-diameter cutter head and a large-diameter cutter head which are coaxially nested, cutters and buckets are uniformly distributed on the two cutter heads respectively, and the two cutter heads are connected with the hydraulic motor and the propulsion oil cylinder respectively.

3. The TBM rock breaking apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the equipment also comprises two groups of auxiliary oil cylinders which are respectively used for supplementing thrust to the small-diameter cutter head and the large-diameter cutter head.

4. A method of breaking rock using the apparatus of claim 2, comprising the steps of:

(1) measuring the strength of the rock mass;

(2) determining the power, the rotating speed, the torque and the thrust required by rock breaking, and designing and arranging the number of cutters, the geometric parameters of the cutters, the distance between the cutters and the like;

(3) selecting the cutter head using mode

For the situation of high ore rock hardness, a mode of breaking rock through a small-diameter cutter head and then breaking rock through a large-diameter cutter head is adopted;

aiming at the situation of low ore rock hardness, a mode of simultaneously breaking rock by a large-diameter cutter head and a small-diameter cutter head is adopted.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein: in the step (3), the small-diameter cutter head independently breaks rock to a specified depth and then returns to the initial position, and the cutter surface of the small-diameter cutter head is flush with the cutter surface of the large-diameter cutter head.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein: and (3) adjusting the rotating speeds of the small-diameter cutter head and the large-diameter cutter head to be the same when the small-diameter cutter head and the large-diameter cutter head break rock simultaneously, and controlling the propelling speeds of the propelling oil cylinders connected with the small-diameter cutter head and the large-diameter cutter head to be the same.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of hard rock tunnel tunneling, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency rock breaking method, high-efficiency rock breaking equipment and an application method of the high-efficiency rock breaking equipment.

Background

Compared with the traditional drilling and blasting method, the tunnel boring machine has the advantages of safety, rapidness, environmental protection and the like when used for breaking rocks by using the TBM, and is widely applied to tunnel boring of railways, water conservancy, mines and the like, particularly long-coating tunnels.

However, driven by the high-quality, high-speed and high-level development in our country, the demands of a large number of large-diameter traffic, water conservancy and mine tunnels already bring serious challenges to TBM operation. The TBM tunneling large diameter tunnels often suffer from the following three problems:

(1) the number of tools required increases;

(2) the cutter is greatly abraded, so that the pouring rate is obviously reduced during each rotation, and the rock breaking efficiency is influenced;

(3) the cutter is frequently replaced, and the phenomenon of frequent shutdown occurs.

And once the strength of the excavated rock is higher, the abrasion of the cutter is more serious, the replacement frequency of the cutter is higher, and the shutdown frequency is high, so that the project engineering is prolonged.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a rock breaking method, rock breaking equipment and an application method of the rock breaking equipment, wherein the rock breaking method and the rock breaking equipment can efficiently break rock and can be suitable for tunneling ore rocks with large geological changes.

According to the efficient rock breaking method provided by the invention, the adopted TBM rock breaking equipment is provided with the small-diameter cutter head and the large-diameter cutter head which are coaxially nested, and the small-diameter cutter head and the large-diameter cutter head can be used for independently breaking rock and charging slag and can be used for simultaneously breaking rock and charging slag; when the hardness of the ore rock is high, the mode of breaking the ore through a small-diameter cutter head and then breaking the ore through a large-diameter cutter head is adopted; when the hardness of the ore rock is low, a mode that the small-diameter cutter head and the large-diameter cutter head break the rock simultaneously is adopted.

The TBM rock breaking equipment suitable for the method comprises a cutter head, a hydraulic motor for driving the cutter head to rotate and a propulsion oil cylinder for driving the cutter head to advance. The cutter heads comprise a small-diameter cutter head and a large-diameter cutter head which are coaxially nested, cutters and buckets are uniformly distributed on the two cutter heads respectively, and the two cutter heads are connected with the hydraulic motor and the propulsion oil cylinder respectively.

In one embodiment of the above apparatus, the apparatus further comprises two sets of auxiliary cylinders, which are respectively used for supplementing thrust to the small-diameter cutter head and the large-diameter cutter head.

The invention provides a rock breaking method using the equipment, which comprises the following steps:

(1) measuring the strength of the rock mass;

(2) determining the power, the rotating speed, the torque and the thrust required by rock breaking, and designing and arranging the number of cutters, the geometric parameters of the cutters, the distance between the cutters and the like;

(3) selecting the cutter head using mode

For the situation that the hardness of the ore rock is higher, a mode of breaking the rock through a small-diameter cutter head and then breaking the rock through a large-diameter cutter head is adopted;

aiming at the situation of low hardness of ore rocks, a mode of simultaneously breaking the rocks by a large-diameter cutter head and a small-diameter cutter head is adopted;

in one embodiment of the above method, in step (3), the small-diameter cutterhead independently breaks rock to a specified depth and then returns to the initial position, and the cutter surface of the small-diameter cutterhead is flush with the cutter surface of the large-diameter cutterhead.

In one embodiment of the method, in the step (3), when the small-diameter cutter head and the large-diameter cutter head break rock at the same time, the rotating speeds of the small-diameter cutter head and the large-diameter cutter head are adjusted to be the same, and the propulsion speeds of the propulsion oil cylinders connected with the small-diameter cutter head and the large-diameter cutter head are controlled to be the same.

The invention is provided with large and small cutterheads which are coaxially nested, and the two cutterheads are respectively provided with a hydraulic motor for driving the cutterheads to rotate and a propulsion oil cylinder for driving the cutterheads to advance, so that the two cutterheads can break rock independently and simultaneously. After the hardness of the ore rock is measured, two rock breaking modes can be selected according to the hardness of the ore rock: for ore rocks with higher hardness, a mode of breaking the rocks by the small-diameter cutter head and then breaking the rocks by the large-diameter cutter head is adopted, and the small-diameter cutter head has small rock breaking surface, so that the cutter is small in abrasion, high in inclination rate during rotation and high in rock breaking efficiency, and after the small-diameter cutter head breaks the rocks, a free surface is added for the large-diameter cutter head to break the rocks, so that the rock breaking efficiency of the large-diameter cutter head is improved. For the ore rock with low hardness, a mode that two cutterheads break the rock at the same time is adopted, the rotating speed of the two cutterheads is the same, the propelling speed of the two cutterheads is the same, and the mode has advantages compared with the rock breaking of a single cutterhead in the prior art. The cutters of the two rock breaking modes are small in abrasion, so that the service life is prolonged, the frequency of cutter replacement is reduced, the shutdown times are reduced, and the rock breaking efficiency is improved. In addition, in the same tunneling process, when the ore rocks have different strengths at different positions, the rock breaking mode can be flexibly replaced to improve the efficiency.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a TBM according to an embodiment of the present invention (an auxiliary cylinder and a bucket on a cutterhead are not shown, and a small-diameter cutterhead is in a single rock breaking state).

Fig. 2 is an enlarged left-view illustration of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the number and positions of the thrust cylinders and the auxiliary cylinders arranged on the small-diameter cutterhead in the embodiment.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of the two cutterheads in the initial state/simultaneous rock breaking state.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a state of independent rock breaking of the small-diameter cutter head.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a state of a small-diameter cutter head of the TBM when rock is independently broken to the maximum rock breaking depth at one time.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the small-diameter cutterhead of the TBM after returning.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the state of the TBM when two cutterheads break rock simultaneously.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, the embodiment discloses a high-efficiency rock breaking method provided by the present invention, a TBM rock breaking device adopted in the method has a small-diameter cutter head 1 and a large-diameter cutter head 2 which are coaxially nested, cutters DJ and buckets CD are respectively and uniformly distributed on the two cutter heads, and the two cutter heads are respectively connected with a hydraulic motor (not shown in the figure) for driving the cutter heads to rotate and a thrust cylinder TJYG for driving the cutter heads to advance.

In this embodiment, the propulsion cylinders of the two cutter heads are both connected to a main pump station, and the hydraulic oil strokes and the on-off of the two groups of propulsion cylinders are controlled by different valves.

As shown in fig. 4, the initial position of the two cutterheads is that the small diameter cutterhead is in the axial center hole of the large diameter cutterhead, and their cutters are in the same plane.

Because the two cutterheads are respectively provided with the hydraulic motor and the propulsion oil cylinder, the two cutterheads can independently break rocks. Of course, when the rotation speeds of the two cutterheads are the same and the propulsion speeds of the propulsion cylinders of the two cutterheads are the same, the two cutterheads can break rock at the same time.

Namely, the main innovation point of the device is that two cutterheads with different diameters are coaxially nested, and the two cutterheads are respectively provided with a rotary drive and a propulsion drive, so that the rock can be independently broken (in the independent rock breaking process of the small-diameter cutterhead, the relative positions of the two cutterheads are shown in figure 5), and the rock can also be simultaneously broken (when the two disks simultaneously break, the relative positions of the two disks are shown in figure 4). The two sets of rotating and driving equipment can select the rotating driving and the propelling driving which are the same as those of the single cutter head TBM in the prior art, and the main beam and the support of the equipment can also have the same structure as those in the prior art.

After the equipment has the innovation points, the working mode can be selected according to the hardness of the ore rock:

when the hardness of the ore rock is higher, the mode of breaking the rock through a small-diameter cutter head and then breaking the rock through a large-diameter cutter head is adopted;

when the hardness of the ore rock is lower, a mode that the large-diameter cutter head and the small-diameter cutter head break the rock simultaneously is adopted.

The concrete steps of breaking rock by using the equipment are as follows:

(1) measuring the hardness of the rock mass;

(2) determining the power, the rotating speed, the torque and the pushing force required by rock breaking, and reasonably designing and arranging the number of cutters, the geometric parameters of the cutters and the intervals of the cutters;

(3) selecting a cutter disc using mode:

for the ore rocks with higher hardness, the rocks are broken through the small-diameter cutter head, after the rock breaking depth is in place, the small-diameter cutter head returns to the initial position through the propelling oil cylinder, and then the rocks are broken through the large-diameter cutter head to the same depth (as shown in fig. 6 to 8).

Aiming at the ore rock with low hardness, the rotating speeds of the two cutterheads are adjusted to be the same, the propelling speeds of the two groups of propelling cylinders are the same, and the large-diameter cutterheads and the small-diameter cutterheads break the rock simultaneously.

The two rock breaking modes of the equipment have the following advantages:

(1) the small-diameter cutter head firstly breaks rock and then the large-diameter cutter head breaks rock

The small-diameter cutter head has small rock breaking surface, so that the cutter is small in abrasion, the dip rate per rotation is high, the rock breaking efficiency is also high, and the free surface is increased for the large-diameter cutter head to break rock after the small-diameter cutter head breaks rock, so that the rock breaking efficiency of the large-diameter cutter head is also improved.

(2) Two cutterheads break rock simultaneously

The rock breaking surfaces of the two cutterheads are relatively reduced, the abrasion of the cutters is reduced, and the dumping rate in each rotation is improved, so that the rock breaking efficiency is improved.

The two rock breaking modes can reduce the abrasion of the cutter, so that the service life of the cutter is prolonged, the frequency of replacing the cutter can be reduced, the shutdown times are reduced, and the rock breaking efficiency is improved.

In addition, in the same tunneling process, when the ore rocks have different hardness at different positions, the equipment can flexibly replace a rock breaking mode to improve the efficiency.

The equipment is also innovated in that two cutterheads are respectively provided with auxiliary oil cylinders. Fig. 3 shows the auxiliary cylinder arrangement of the small diameter cutterhead, and fig. 3 shows four thrust cylinders TJYG and four auxiliary cylinders FZYG. The configuration of the auxiliary oil cylinder of the large-diameter cutter head is similar to that of the small-diameter cutter head, so that a schematic diagram is not given.

When the cutter head encounters ore rocks with high hardness in the tunneling process and the thrust of the propulsion oil cylinder is insufficient, the thrust can not be attached to the tunneling surface, the auxiliary oil cylinder is used for supplementing the thrust, and the cutter head is attached to the tunneling surface.

The auxiliary oil cylinder does not work when the cutter head works normally, the piston rod of the auxiliary oil cylinder is in a contraction state, and the auxiliary oil cylinder only works when the thrust needs to be supplemented, so that the auxiliary oil cylinder cannot be connected with the cutter head when the cutter head works normally.

In the embodiment, the end of the piston rod of the auxiliary oil cylinder can be matched with the back surface of the cutter head in a protruding head and groove matching mode (not shown in the figure), and when the auxiliary oil cylinder needs to work, the piston rod of the auxiliary oil cylinder extends out and is inserted into the groove in the back surface of the cutter head to prop against the cutter head and supplement thrust.

The auxiliary oil cylinder can be connected into a pump station of the propulsion oil cylinder, and the pump station can also be configured independently.