阅读说明：本技术 一种肉牛饲料的制备方法 (Preparation method of beef cattle feed ) 是由 陈长江 于 2020-12-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及肉牛养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种肉牛饲料的制备方法。本发明的制备方法包括：S1取15～20份发酵菌液、40～60份玉米麸皮、15～20份的米糠、3～6份的骨粉,混合后经厌氧发酵后经干燥后粉碎制得麸皮发酵物；S2取30～50份的青贮秸秆粉末、15～30份的大豆豆粕、10～30份的苜蓿粉末、12～25份的黑麦草粉末、0.1～2份复合菌液混合均匀,发酵后经干燥后制得秸秆发酵物；S3将麸皮发酵物与秸秆发酵物混合后,加入0.5～1份的复合维生素、1～2份的氯化钠、1～5份的共轭亚油酸后即得。本发明既可充分利用秸秆、麸皮等资源,又可引入微生物菌群,提高饲料的利用率,提高利用价值和养殖效益。(The invention relates to the technical field of beef cattle breeding, in particular to a preparation method of beef cattle feed. The preparation method comprises the following steps: s1, mixing 15-20 parts of zymophyte liquid, 40-60 parts of corn bran, 15-20 parts of rice bran and 3-6 parts of bone meal, performing anaerobic fermentation, drying and crushing to obtain bran leavening; s2, uniformly mixing 30-50 parts of silage straw powder, 15-30 parts of soybean meal, 10-30 parts of alfalfa powder, 12-25 parts of ryegrass powder and 0.1-2 parts of compound bacterial liquid, fermenting, and drying to obtain a straw fermented product; s3, mixing the bran ferment and the straw ferment, and adding 0.5-1 part of multivitamin, 1-2 parts of sodium chloride and 1-5 parts of conjugated linoleic acid to obtain the composite vitamin-rich straw. The invention can not only make full use of resources such as straws and bran, but also introduce microbial flora, improve the utilization rate of the feed and improve the utilization value and the culture benefit.)

1. The preparation method of the beef cattle feed is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1), taking 15-20 parts of zymophyte liquid, 40-60 parts of corn bran, 15-20 parts of rice bran and 3-6 parts of bone meal according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6.5 by using alkali liquor, placing the mixture under the conditions that the temperature is 40-45 ℃ and the relative humidity is 80-90% for anaerobic fermentation for 24-72 hours, drying and crushing the mixture into particles with the particle size of 3mm to prepare a bran fermented product for later use;

s2), uniformly mixing 30-50 parts by weight of silage straw powder, 15-30 parts by weight of soybean meal, 10-30 parts by weight of alfalfa powder, 12-25 parts by weight of ryegrass powder and 0.1-2 parts by weight of composite bacterial liquid, adjusting the pH value to 5.5-6.5 by using alkali liquor, placing the mixture under the conditions that the temperature is 30-40 ℃ and the relative humidity is 75-85% for anaerobic fermentation for 24-60 hours, drying and crushing the mixture into particles with the particle size of 3mm to prepare straw fermentation products for later use;

s3), mixing the bran leavening obtained in the step S1 with the straw leavening obtained in the step S2, adding 0.5-1 part of multivitamin, 1-2 parts of sodium chloride and 1-5 parts of conjugated linoleic acid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the beef cattle feed.

2. The method for preparing beef cattle feed according to claim 1, wherein the zymocyte liquid is prepared by mixing zymocyte and purified water, and the mass percentage concentration of the zymocyte liquid is 0.3-3%.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the fermentation tubes comprise one or more of Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Candida utilis.

4. The method for preparing beef cattle feed according to claim 3, wherein the number of viable cells of each strain in the zymophyte is in the range of: aspergillus niger of 10²～10¹⁰CFU/g, Bacillus subtilis 10²～10⁸CFU/g, Bacillus coagulans is 10⁴～10⁶CFU/g, Lactobacillus plantarum 10²～10¹⁰CFU/g and Candida utilis of 10²～10¹²CFU/g。

5. The preparation method of the beef cattle feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound bacteria liquid is prepared by mixing compound bacteria and purified water, and the mass percentage concentration of the compound bacteria is 0.5-5%.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the complex bacteria comprise one or more of Bacillus thuringiensis, Actinomyces tundiflora, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and enterococcus faecalis.

7. The preparation method of the beef cattle feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the straw powder is selected from one or more of corn straw powder, rice straw powder, wheat straw powder and reed straw powder, and the particle size of the straw powder, the alfalfa powder and the ryegrass powder is 60-100 meshes.

8. The application of the beef cattle feed is characterized in that: the beef cattle feed is prepared based on the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 7; the application is as follows: the beef cattle feed is adopted to feed beef cattle of 3-4 months of age, and each beef cattle is fed with 30kg of solid feed every day for 2 times every day.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of beef cattle breeding, in particular to a preparation method of beef cattle feed.

Background

With the rapid development of the breeding industry in China, the market of feed raw materials is in short supply, in particular to the food of protein feed. At present, the beef cattle breeding feed sold in the market does not take plant fiber suitable for the digestion characteristics of beef cattle as a main raw material, has extremely low fiber content and incomplete nutrition, and is not beneficial to the requirements of digestion and complete absorption of the beef cattle. And because the traditional feed processing does not involve biochemical changes basically, various bran and straw resources cannot be fully utilized. The microbial fermentation is a highly concentrated biochemical reaction process, the microbial fermentation technology can change waste into valuable, reduce the feed cost, improve the breeding benefit, promote the comprehensive development of the beef cattle breeding industry, has good economic and ecological benefits, and becomes a hotspot of the current feed industry research. However, the common bioprotein feed starter has the problems of relatively single bacteria, low activity, slow material fermentation start, incomplete degradation of harmful substances, more harmful mixed bacteria, incapability of ensuring the quality, safety, sanitation, feeding effect and the like of the bioprotein feed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the preparation method of the beef cattle feed, which not only can make full use of resources such as straws and bran and the like to change waste into valuable, but also can introduce microbial flora to promote the digestion and absorption of various nutrient components in the feed in the intestinal tracts of beef cattle, improve the utilization rate of the feed and improve the utilization value and the breeding benefit.

The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: a preparation method of beef cattle feed is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1), taking 15-20 parts of zymophyte liquid, 40-60 parts of corn bran, 15-20 parts of rice bran and 3-6 parts of bone meal according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH to 5.5-6.5 by using alkali liquor, placing the mixture under the conditions that the temperature is 40-45 ℃ and the relative humidity is 80-90% for anaerobic fermentation for 24-72 hours, drying and crushing the mixture into particles with the particle size of 3mm to prepare a bran fermented product for later use;

s2), uniformly mixing 30-50 parts by weight of silage straw powder, 15-30 parts by weight of soybean meal, 10-30 parts by weight of alfalfa powder, 12-25 parts by weight of ryegrass powder and 0.1-2 parts by weight of composite bacterial liquid, adjusting the pH value to 5.5-6.5 by using alkali liquor, placing the mixture under the conditions that the temperature is 30-40 ℃ and the relative humidity is 75-85% for anaerobic fermentation for 24-60 hours, drying and crushing the mixture into particles with the particle size of 3mm to prepare straw fermentation products for later use;

s3), mixing the bran leavening obtained in the step S1 with the straw leavening obtained in the step S2, adding 0.5-1 part of multivitamin, 1-2 parts of sodium chloride and 1-5 parts of conjugated linoleic acid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the beef cattle feed.

The zymophyte liquid is prepared by mixing zymophyte and purified water, and the mass percentage concentration of the zymophyte liquid is 0.3-3%.

The zymophyte comprises one or more of aspergillus niger, bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans, lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis.

Preferably, the number range of the living cells of each strain in the zymophyte bacteria is as follows: aspergillus niger of 10²～10¹⁰CFU/g, Bacillus subtilis 10²～10⁸CFU/g, Bacillus coagulans is 10⁴～10⁶CFU/g, Lactobacillus plantarum 10²～10¹⁰CFU/g and Candida utilis of 10²～10¹²CFU/g。

The compound bacterium liquid is prepared by mixing compound bacteria and purified water, and the mass percentage concentration of the compound bacteria is 0.5-5%.

The compound bacteria comprise one or more of bacillus thuringiensis, actinomyces tundifoliae, streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus bulgaricus, saccharomyces cerevisiae and enterococcus faecalis.

Preferably, the straw powder is selected from one or more of corn straw powder, rice straw powder, wheat straw powder and reed straw powder, and the particle size of the straw powder, the alfalfa powder and the ryegrass powder is 60-100 meshes.

The invention also discloses an application of the beef cattle feed, which is characterized in that: the beef cattle feed is adopted to feed beef cattle of 3-4 months of age, and each beef cattle is fed with 30kg of solid feed every day for 2 times every day.

The invention solves the defects in the background technology and has the following beneficial effects:

the beef cattle feed prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention does not contain antibiotics and hormones, is green and safe, and has balanced nutrition; the invention can ferment and convert agricultural resources such as bran, straw and the like through microbial bacteria, and when the invention is used in beef cattle breeding industry, the ideal daily gain effect of beef cattle can be achieved, the healthy growth of beef cattle is ensured, the feeding cost is reduced, the feeding time is shortened, and remarkable economic benefit is obtained. The corn bran is fermented by the zymophyte, so that the content of crude protein and crude fiber contained in the corn bran can be improved to some extent after fermentation, and sugar and enzymes generated in the fermentation process of the mixed yeast are favorable for animal feeding, and the palatability and the digestibility of the feed can be improved. The invention also adopts the compound bacteria to ferment the straw, soybean meal, alfalfa powder and ryegrass composition, thereby improving the contents of polyphenol, alkaloid, flavone, crude protein, crude fiber, amino acid and mineral elements in the feed. After the beef cattle is fed, the beef cattle can be better absorbed, the fattening effect is promoted, the daily increment of the beef cattle can reach 1.3 kg/head, the immunity of the beef cattle can be improved, and the occurrence of diseases is reduced; the beef has high content of crude protein and total carbohydrate, low content of fat and cholesterol and good quality; in addition, the beef has high myoglobin and oxymyoglobin content, good beef color and stability and high color evaluation.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The preparation method of the beef cattle feed is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1), mixing Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis and Candida utilis according to the ratio of 1: mixing the materials in a weight ratio of 2:1 to obtain mixed yeast, and adding purified water into the mixed zymophyte to prepare zymophyte liquid with the concentration of 1%. Taking 17 parts of zymophyte liquid, 50 parts of corn bran, 18 parts of rice bran and 5 parts of bone meal according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH to 6 by adopting alkali liquor, placing in an aseptic fermentation tank with the temperature of 42 ℃ and the relative humidity of 85 percent for anaerobic fermentation for 60 hours, drying by a dryer,pulverizing into particles with particle diameter of 3mm in pulverizer to obtain bran fermented product; the number range of the living cells of each strain in the zymophyte bacteria is as follows: aspergillus niger of 10²～10⁸CFU/g, Bacillus subtilis 10²～10⁸CFU/g, Candida utilis 10²～10¹²CFU/g。

S2), mixing the bacillus thuringiensis, the actinomyces tundifoliae and the streptococcus thermophilus according to the weight ratio of 1: 1: 0.5 weight ratio to prepare composite bacteria, and then adding purified water to the mixed composite bacteria to prepare the composite bacteria liquid with the concentration of 1%. According to the weight portion, 30-50 portions of silage corn straws are taken, smashed and sieved by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain corn straw powder, 20 portions of soybean meal and 25 portions of alfalfa are smashed, sieved by the 100-mesh sieve to obtain alfalfa powder, 18 portions of ryegrass are smashed and sieved by the 100-mesh sieve to obtain ryegrass powder, 1 portion of compound bacteria liquid is evenly mixed, the pH value is adjusted to 5.5-6.5 by alkali liquor, the obtained mixture is placed in an aseptic fermentation chamber with the temperature of 36 ℃ and the relative humidity of 80% for anaerobic fermentation for 50 hours, the fermented material is dried by a dryer at the temperature of 43 ℃, and then is placed in a pulverizer to be smashed into particles with the particle size of 3mm, and straw fermentation products are prepared for later use.

S3), mixing the bran leavening obtained in the step S1 with the straw leavening obtained in the step S2, adding 0.8 part of multivitamin, 1.5 parts of sodium chloride and 3 parts of conjugated linoleic acid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the beef cattle feed.

The invention also discloses an application of the beef cattle feed, wherein the beef cattle feed is adopted to feed beef cattle of 3-4 months of age, and each beef cattle is fed with 30kg of solid feed every day for 2 times every day.

The implementation process of the invention is; the beef cattle feed prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention does not contain antibiotics and hormones, is green and safe, and has balanced nutrition; the invention can ferment and convert agricultural resources such as bran, straw and the like through microbial bacteria, and when the invention is used in beef cattle breeding industry, the ideal daily gain effect of beef cattle can be achieved, the healthy growth of beef cattle is ensured, the feeding cost is reduced, the feeding time is shortened, and remarkable economic benefit is obtained. The corn bran is fermented by the zymophyte, so that the content of crude protein and crude fiber contained in the corn bran can be improved to some extent after fermentation, and sugar and enzymes generated in the fermentation process of the mixed yeast are favorable for animal feeding, and the palatability and the digestibility of the feed can be improved. The invention also adopts composite bacteria (bacillus thuringiensis, actinomyces tundifoliae, streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus bulgaricus, saccharomyces cerevisiae and enterococcus faecalis) to ferment the straw, soybean meal, alfalfa powder and ryegrass composition, thereby improving the contents of polyphenol, alkaloid, flavone, crude protein, crude fiber, amino acid and mineral elements in the feed. After the beef cattle is fed, the beef cattle can be better absorbed, the fattening effect is promoted, the daily increment of the beef cattle can reach 1.3 kg/head, the immunity of the beef cattle can be improved, and the occurrence of diseases is reduced; the beef has high content of crude protein and total carbohydrate, low content of fat and cholesterol and good quality; in addition, the beef has high myoglobin and oxymyoglobin content, good beef color and stability and high color evaluation. The added Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) has the functions of eliminating free radicals, enhancing the oxidation resistance and the immunity of organisms, promoting growth and development, and can be used together with generated alkaloid and flavone to further improve the growth speed of beef cattle and reduce the feed conversion ratio.

Example 2

The preparation method of the beef cattle feed is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1), mixing aspergillus niger, bacillus coagulans and lactobacillus plantarum in a proportion of 1: mixing at a weight ratio of 0.5:1 to obtain mixed yeast, and adding purified water into the mixed zymophyte to obtain zymophyte liquid with a concentration of 0.3%. Taking 15 parts of zymophyte liquid, 40 parts of corn bran, 15 parts of rice bran and 3 parts of bone meal according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH to 5.5 by using alkali liquor, placing in an aseptic fermentation tank with the temperature of 40 ℃ and the relative humidity of 80% for anaerobic fermentation for 24 hours, drying by a dryer, and then placing in a crusher to crush into particles with the particle size of 3mm to prepare bran leavening for later use; the number range of the living cells of each strain in the zymophyte bacteria is as follows: aspergillus niger of 10²～10¹⁰CFU/g, Bacillus subtilis 10²～10⁸CFU/g, Bacillus coagulans is 10⁴～10⁶CFU/g, Lactobacillus plantarum 10²～10¹⁰CFU/g and Candida utilis of 10²～10¹²CFU/g。

S2), mixing the bacillus thuringiensis, the lactobacillus bulgaricus and the saccharomyces cerevisiae according to the proportion of 1: 1:1 to obtain the composite bacteria, and adding purified water into the mixed composite bacteria to prepare the composite bacteria liquid with the concentration of 0.5 percent. According to the weight portion, 30 portions of silage corn straws are taken, crushed and sieved by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain corn straw powder, 15 portions of soybean meal and 10 portions of alfalfa are crushed and sieved by the 100-mesh sieve to obtain alfalfa powder, 12 portions of ryegrass are crushed and sieved by the 100-mesh sieve to obtain ryegrass powder, 0.1 portion of compound bacteria liquid is uniformly mixed to obtain ryegrass powder, the pH value is adjusted to 5.5 by alkali liquor, the ryegrass powder is placed in an aseptic fermentation chamber with the temperature of 30 ℃ and the relative humidity of 75% for anaerobic fermentation for 24 hours, the fermented material is dried by a dryer at 43 ℃, and then is placed in a crusher to be crushed into particles with the particle size of 3mm, and straw fermentation products are prepared for later use.

S3), mixing the bran leavening obtained in the step S1 with the straw leavening obtained in the step S2, adding 0.5 part of multivitamin, 1 part of sodium chloride and 1 part of conjugated linoleic acid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the beef cattle feed.

Example 3

The preparation method of the beef cattle feed is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1), mixing Aspergillus niger, Lactobacillus plantarum and Candida utilis according to the ratio of 2: mixing the materials in a weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain mixed yeast, and adding purified water into the mixed zymophyte to prepare zymophyte liquid with the concentration of 3%. Taking 20 parts of zymophyte liquid, 60 parts of corn bran, 20 parts of rice bran and 6 parts of bone meal according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH to 6.5 by using alkali liquor, placing in an aseptic fermentation tank with the temperature of 45 ℃ and the relative humidity of 90% for anaerobic fermentation for 72 hours, drying by a dryer, and then placing in a crusher to crush into particles with the particle size of 3mm to prepare a bran ferment for later use; the zymophyte liquid is prepared by mixing zymophyte and purified water, and the number range of living cells of each strain in the zymophyte liquid is as follows: aspergillus niger of 10²～10¹⁰CFU/g，Bacillus subtilis number 10²～10⁸CFU/g, Bacillus coagulans is 10⁴～10⁶CFU/g, Lactobacillus plantarum 10²～10¹⁰CFU/g and Candida utilis of 10²～10¹²CFU/g。

S2), mixing the lactobacillus bulgaricus, the actinomyces tundifoliae, the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fecal enteric sphere according to the weight ratio of 1: 2: 1: 0.5 weight ratio to prepare composite bacteria, and then adding purified water to the mixed composite bacteria to prepare composite bacteria liquid with the concentration of 5 percent. According to the weight portion, 50 portions of ensiled corn straws are taken, crushed and sieved by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain corn straw powder, 30 portions of soybean meal and 30 portions of alfalfa are crushed, sieved by the 100-mesh sieve to obtain alfalfa powder, 25 portions of ryegrass are crushed, sieved by the 100-mesh sieve to obtain ryegrass powder, 2 portions of compound bacteria liquid are uniformly mixed, the pH value is adjusted to 5.5-6.5 by alkali liquor, the obtained mixture is placed in an aseptic fermentation chamber with the temperature of 40 ℃ and the relative humidity of 85% for anaerobic fermentation for 60 hours, the fermented material is dried by a dryer at 43 ℃, and then is placed in a crusher to be crushed into particles with the particle size of 3mm, and the straw fermentation product is prepared for later use.

S3), mixing the bran leavening obtained in the step S1 with the straw leavening obtained in the step S2, adding 1 part of multivitamin, 2 parts of sodium chloride and 5 parts of conjugated linoleic acid, and uniformly stirring to obtain the beef cattle feed.

Test and effect comparison

Local black cattle 200 heads with weight of about 150 kg are adopted and randomly divided into 4 groups, each group has 50 heads, wherein, the feed prepared in the invention examples 1-3 is respectively selected in the experimental examples 1-3, and the beef cattle feed purchased in the current market is selected in the comparison example. The initial weight and the final weight of the experimental example and the control example are respectively measured, the feed consumption and the incidence rate are recorded, the average daily gain and the feed conversion ratio are calculated, the average daily gain and the feed conversion ratio are both freely fed, and the experimental period is l00 days.

The results of the tests, as shown in the following table:

as can be seen from the above table, compared with the control example, the test example shows that the beef cattle fed with the feed of the invention has the advantages of higher weight gain speed, low morbidity, good feed palatability and obviously better beef quality than the control group. The prepared feed can ferment and convert resources such as bran, straws and the like through microbial bacteria, and can achieve the ideal daily gain effect of the beef cattle, ensure the healthy growth of the beef cattle, save the feed feeding amount, save the occupation of a feed storage warehouse, reduce the feeding cost, shorten the feeding time and obtain obvious economic benefit when being used in the beef cattle breeding industry.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.