阅读说明：本技术 一种用于骨折手术的固定装置 (Fixing device for fracture surgery ) 是由 姜钰 王晓宁 黄鑫 朱颖波 吴克俭 于 2020-12-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请公开了一种用于骨科手术的固定装置,包括拉力螺钉和斜行垫片,斜行垫片具有第一通孔；拉力螺钉穿过第一通孔,与斜行垫片套接连接；拉力螺钉穿过骨折块进入主骨内,与主骨固定连接；拉力螺钉需垂直于骨折块与主骨之间的骨折线才能获得最大的加压效果,并维持复位。解决了现有技术中拉力螺钉因尾帽与骨折块外表面点接触导致拉力螺钉无法垂直于骨折线加压,拉力螺钉加压应力较小,难以维持骨折块复位,以及尾帽与骨折块点接触会导致应力集中,从而造成的骨折块医源性损坏的问题。本申请中斜行垫片能良好贴合各种骨折块表面,有效增加尾帽与骨折块外表面的接触面积,从而让拉力螺钉可垂直于骨折线进行加压,达到骨折块复位及加压的应力要求。(The application discloses a fixing device for orthopedic surgery, which comprises a lag screw and an oblique gasket, wherein the oblique gasket is provided with a first through hole; the lag screw penetrates through the first through hole and is in sleeve connection with the diagonal gasket; the lag screw penetrates through the fracture block to enter the main bone and is fixedly connected with the main bone; the lag screw must be perpendicular to the fracture line between the fracture block and the main bone to obtain the maximum compression effect and maintain the reduction. The problem of among the prior art lag screw lead to lag screw can't be perpendicular to fracture line pressurization because of tail cap and fracture piece surface point contact, lag screw pressurization stress is less, is difficult to maintain the fracture piece and resets to and tail cap and fracture piece point contact can lead to stress concentration, thereby the fracture piece iatrogenic damage that causes is solved. The oblique gasket can well laminate various fracture piece surfaces in this application, effectively increases the area of contact of hood and fracture piece surface to let lag screw can pressurize perpendicular to fracture line, reach fracture piece and restore to the throne and the pressor stress requirement.)

1. A fixing device for fracture surgery is characterized by comprising a lag screw and a diagonal gasket, wherein the diagonal gasket is provided with a first through hole;

the lag screw penetrates through the first through hole and is in sleeve connection with the diagonal gasket;

the lag screw penetrates through the fracture block to enter the main bone and is fixedly connected with the main bone;

the lag screw is perpendicular to the fracture line between the fracture block and the main bone.

2. The fixing device for the bone fracture operation according to claim 1, wherein the lag screw comprises a tail cap and a nail body, the tail cap is fixedly connected to one end of the nail body, and one end of the tail cap close to the nail body is a hemispherical convex surface;

the outer periphery of the nail body is provided with an external thread;

the fracture block is provided with a first threaded through hole

The main bone is provided with a second threaded hole;

the nail body penetrates through the first threaded through hole, enters the second threaded hole and is in threaded connection with the first threaded through hole and the second threaded hole.

3. A fixation device for use in bone fracture surgery as in claim 2, wherein said first threaded through hole and said second threaded hole are both perpendicular to said fracture line and in the same linear direction.

4. The fixation device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the periphery of the diagonal washer is circular, and the surface of the diagonal washer close to the tail cap is a concave surface, and the concave surface is in fit connection with the hemispherical convex surface.

5. A fixation device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the face of the spacer adjacent the outer surface of the fracture block is a chamfer which engages snugly with the outer surface of the fracture block.

6. A fixation device for use in bone fracture surgery as in claim 5, wherein the slope of said diagonal shim is

Wherein L is₁Is the diameter of the diagonal shim; c₁The longest diameter of the inclined plane of the inclined gasket contacting the outer surface end of the fracture block; k is a radical of₁The slope of the incline of the end of the diagonal shim that contacts the outer surface of the fracture block.

7. A fixation device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the face of the spacer adjacent the outer surface of the fracture is a sloped curved face which engages snugly against the outer surface of the fracture.

8. A fixing device for use in bone fracture surgery as claimed in claim 7, wherein said arc surface corresponds to a central angle α -180C₂/πr；

Wherein alpha is a corresponding central angle on a cross section of the cambered surface of the oblique gasket contacting the outer surface end of the fracture block; r is the radius of the cross section; pi is 3.14.

9. A fixation device for use in bone fracture surgery as in claim 2, wherein said first through bore has internal threads therein;

the outer periphery side of the tail cap is provided with an external thread;

the tail cap is in threaded connection with the diagonal gasket.

10. The fixing device for the bone fracture operation according to claim 1, wherein the lag screw comprises a tail cap and a nail body, the tail cap is fixedly connected with one end of the nail body;

the outer periphery of the nail body is provided with an external thread which is arranged far away from the tail cap end;

the fracture block is provided with a through hole;

the main bone is provided with a threaded hole;

and the external thread end of the nail body penetrates through the through hole, enters the threaded hole and is in threaded connection with the threaded hole.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of medical treatment, in particular to a fixing device for fracture surgery.

Background

The lag screw is very important for the fixation of fracture, and is widely applied in fracture fixation operation, so that the lag screw can be better pressurized at present, and the stress is prevented from being excessively concentrated by the compression stress of the tail cap of the lag screw, so that a fracture block is damaged, and the stress is dispersed by the circular gasket, so that the contact area between the tail cap of the lag screw and the fracture block is increased, and the bone damage caused in the compression process of the lag screw is prevented. However, the existing gaskets used in clinical practice are all round, adopt a form with parallel upper and lower surfaces, have good effect on long tubular bone fracture with regular outer surface shape, obviously reduce the effect on bone fracture with irregular outer surface shape such as acetabular bone, intertrochanteric bone, condylar bone and the like, also cannot be attached to the surface of a fracture block, and can also cause fracture reduction failure due to improper pressurization, thus increasing the risk of operation failure.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides a fixing device for fracture operation, and its aim at this fixing device for fracture operation can laminate in fracture piece surface, effectively increases the pressurization area, and lag screw passes through the pressurization of diagonal gasket perpendicular to fracture line, prevents that the fracture piece from shifting.

The application provides a fixing device for fracture surgery, which comprises a lag screw and an oblique gasket, wherein the oblique gasket is provided with a first through hole; the lag screw penetrates through the first through hole and is in sleeve connection with the diagonal gasket; the lag screw penetrates through the fracture block to enter the main bone and is fixedly connected with the main bone; the lag screw is perpendicular to the fracture line between the fracture block and the main bone.

The lag screw comprises the tail cap and the screw body which are integrally designed, and one end of the tail cap, which is close to the screw body, is a hemispherical convex surface; the outer periphery of the nail body is provided with an external thread; the fracture block is provided with a first threaded through hole, and the main bone is provided with a second threaded hole; the nail body passes through the first threaded through hole, enters the second threaded hole and is in threaded connection with the first threaded through hole and the second threaded hole.

The first threaded through hole and the second threaded through hole are perpendicular to the fracture line and are located in the same straight line direction.

The periphery of the diagonal gasket is circular, one end of the diagonal gasket, which is close to the tail cap, is a concave surface, the concave surface and the hemispherical convex surface of the tail cap, which is close to the nail body, are in fit connection, and the concave surface provides fault tolerance for installation of the tension screw.

When the outer surface of the fracture block is a flat surface, the surface of the diagonal gasket, which is close to the outer surface of the fracture block, is an inclined surface, and the inclined surface is attached to the outer surface of the fracture block, so that the contact area between the tail cap of the lag screw and the surface of the fracture block is indirectly increased.

When the outer surface of the fracture block is a non-flat surface, one surface of the diagonal gasket, which is close to the outer surface of the fracture block, is an inclined arc surface, and the arc surface is attached to the outer surface of the fracture block, so that the contact area between the tail cap of the tension screw and the surface of the fracture block is indirectly increased.

As above, wherein the first through hole is internally provided with an internal thread; the outer periphery of the tail cap is provided with an external thread, and the tail cap is in threaded connection with the diagonal gasket, so that the diagonal gasket does not displace relative to the tension screw in the fixing process, and the fixing effect is better.

As above, the hexagon socket hole is arranged at the top end of the tail cap, the tension screw is installed through the hexagon socket hole by using a tool such as a hexagon screwdriver in the installation process, and the hexagon socket hole does not need to further enlarge an auxiliary incision on a patient body when the tension screw is installed, so that the original incision space completely meets the condition of screwing the tension screw.

As above, the diagonal gasket may be set to be polygonal on the outer peripheral side according to actual needs, and when the diagonal gasket is easily displaced during the installation of the fixing device to affect the installation of the fixing device, the diagonal gasket may be clamped and fixed by using an auxiliary device such as pliers.

The lag screw comprises the tail cap and the screw body, wherein the tail cap is fixedly connected to one end of the screw body; the outer periphery of the nail body is provided with an external thread which is arranged at the end far away from the tail cap; the fracture block is provided with a through hole; the main bone is provided with a threaded hole; the external thread end of the nail body passes through the through hole, enters the threaded hole and is in threaded connection with the threaded hole.

The lag screw and the diagonal gasket are both made of titanium-aluminum-niobium materials, and the titanium-aluminum-niobium materials have good compatibility with human tissues and small rejection reaction of human bodies to the titanium-aluminum-niobium materials; the titanium-aluminum-niobium has good toughness and corrosion resistance; the titanium alloy is inert metal, and is not easy to perform chemical reaction on human tissues; the titanium-aluminum-niobium alloy has moderate hardness, is not easy to break, and has little influence on human bodies after operation.

The beneficial effect that this application realized is as follows:

1. according to the fixing device for the fracture operation, the tension screw pressurizes the fracture block perpendicular to the fracture line, so that the fracture block is prevented from being damaged due to excessive concentration of the pressurizing stress of the tail cap of the tension screw; meanwhile, iatrogenic fractures caused by improper pressurization direction of the reduced fractures are avoided.

2. The fixing device for the fracture operation provided by the application directly uses the screw to pressurize, so that the pressure of the fracture block is more uniform, the pressurizing stress which can be endured by the fracture block is larger, and the pressurizing effect is better.

3. The fixing device for the fracture operation increases the contact area between the lag screw and the surface of the fracture block, and reduces iatrogenic fracture caused by stress concentration.

4. The fixing device for the fracture operation changes the contact form of the lag screw and the fracture block through the diagonal gasket, and indirectly increases the contact area between the lag screw tail cap and the outer surface of the fracture block.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art according to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fixation device for fracture surgery;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of reduction of an acetabular fracture;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a femoral fracture block reduction mode 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a femoral fracture block reduction mode 2;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a spacer for repositioning the surface of a flattened fracture block;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a spacer for repositioning the surface of an uneven fracture;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an acetabular fracture block spacer placement.

Reference numerals

10. Diagonal shims; 20. a tail cap; 21. a nail body; 30. a fracture block; 31. a main bone; 32. a fracture line.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a fracture surgery fixing device, which comprises a lag screw and a diagonal gasket 10, wherein the diagonal gasket 10 has a first through hole, and the lag screw passes through the first through hole and is sleeved and connected with the diagonal gasket 10; as shown in fig. 2, the lag screw passes through the fracture block 30 into the main bone 31 and is fixedly connected with the main bone 31; the lag screw is perpendicular to the fracture line 32 between the fracture block 30 and the main bone 31.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the lag screw comprises a tail cap 20 and a nail body 21, the tail cap 20 and the nail body 21 are integrally designed, one end of the tail cap 20 close to the nail body 21 is a hemispherical convex surface, and an external thread is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the nail body 21; the fracture block 30 has a first threaded through hole; the main bone 31 has a second threaded hole; the nail body 21 penetrates through the first threaded through hole, enters the second threaded hole and is in threaded connection with the first threaded through hole and the second threaded hole.

The first threaded through hole and the second threaded through hole are both perpendicular to the fracture line 32 and are located in the same straight line direction. The first threaded through hole and the threaded hole on the main bone 31 are perpendicular to the fracture line 32 and are located in the same straight direction.

The periphery of the diagonal gasket 10 is circular, and one end close to the tail cap 20 is a concave surface, the concave surface is in fit connection with a hemispherical convex surface of the tail cap 20 close to the nail body 21, and the concave surface provides fault tolerance for installation of a tension screw.

As shown in fig. 2, when the outer surface of the fracture block 30 is flat, as an embodiment of the present invention, the surface of the diagonal shim 10 close to the outer surface of the fracture block 30 is an inclined surface, and the inclined surface is attached to the outer surface of the fracture block 30, which indirectly increases the contact area between the tail cap 20 of the lag screw and the outer surface of the fracture block 30.

As shown in fig. 5, the model number of the diagonal gasket 10 is selected as a result of the following calculation:

wherein L is₁Is the diameter of the diagonal gasket 10, A₁Maximum thickness of diagonal shim 10, B₁Is the minimum thickness, C, of the diagonal gasket 10₁The longest diameter, k, of the bevel at the end of the beveled pad 10 that contacts the outer surface of the fracture block₁The slope of the ramp shim 10 contacting the outer surface end of the fracture block; the known tapered shim 10 has a planar end diameter L near the tail cap 20₁As a fixed value, the thickness value B of the diagonal shim 10₁Is a fixed value, C₁Measured by X-ray of the patient's fracture.

Measurement of C1: measuring the distance between the two side edges of the longitudinal section of the diagonal shim 10 and the intersection point of the fracture surface, knowing that the minimum thickness B1 of the diagonal shim 10 is a fixed value, the shorter length of the two side edges of the longitudinal section is B1, the two side edges of the longitudinal section are perpendicular to the plane of the diagonal shim 10 away from the fracture surface, and the plane is perpendicular to the fracture line, as shown in fig. 2, on the fracture X-ray plate, matching the diagonal shim model synthesized by computer software in a corresponding proportion with the fracture image, determining the position of the diagonal shim, namely determining the two side edges of the longitudinal section of the diagonal shim 10 and the focus of the fracture surface, and automatically calculating the norm value of C1 by the computer software.

As shown in fig. 3, when the outer surface of the fracture 30 is uneven (for example, when the femoral fracture 30 is reduced, the outer surface of the fracture 30 is a cambered surface), as another embodiment of the present invention, the surface of the wedge shim 10 close to the outer surface of the fracture 30 is an inclined cambered surface, and the cambered surface is in contact with the outer surface of the fracture 30, which also indirectly increases the contact area between the tail cap 20 of the lag screw and the surface of the fracture 30.

As shown in fig. 6, the model number of the diagonal gasket 10 is selected as a result of the following calculation:

wherein L is₂Is the diameter of the diagonal gasket 10, A₂Maximum thickness of diagonal shim 10, B₂Is the minimum thickness, C, of the diagonal gasket 10₂The longest diameter, k, of the cambered surface at the end of the diagonal shim 10 that contacts the outer surface of the fracture 30₂The slope of the arc at the end of the diagonal shim 10 that contacts the outer surface of the fracture 30; the known tapered shim 10 has a planar end diameter L near the tail cap 20₂As a fixed value, the minimum thickness value B of the diagonal shim 10₂Is a fixed value, C₂Measurable by X-ray of the patient's fracture;

the measurement of C2 is consistent with the measurement method of C1, and is not repeated.

α＝180C₂/πr；

As shown in fig. 7, wherein α is the corresponding central angle on the cross section of the cambered surface of the end of the oblique shim 10 contacting the outer surface of the fracture block 30, and r is the radius of the cross section, which can be measured by X-ray film of the fracture of the patient; pi is 3.14.

As another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, it is more preferable that an internal thread is provided in the first through hole; the outer periphery of the tail cap 20 is provided with an external thread, and the tail cap 20 is in threaded connection with the diagonal gasket 10, so that the diagonal gasket 10 does not displace relative to a tension screw in the pressurizing reset process, and the fixing effect is better.

The tail cap 21 top has interior hexagonal hole, and lag screw uses instruments such as hexagonal screwdriver to install through this interior hexagonal hole in the installation to interior hexagonal hole need not further to enlarge the supplementary incision on the patient's body when lag screw installation, and original incision space just satisfies the condition of twisting lag screw completely.

As another embodiment of the present invention, it is more preferable that the periphery of the diagonal gasket 10 is polygonal, and when the diagonal gasket 10 is easily displaced during the installation of the fixing device to affect the installation of the fixing device, the diagonal gasket 10 is clamped and fixed by an auxiliary device such as forceps, so that the installation is more convenient and stable, the fracture block is not easily damaged, and the fracture condition of the patient is not easily aggravated.

As shown in fig. 4, the lag screw comprises a tail cap 20 and a screw body 21, wherein the tail cap 20 is fixedly connected with one end of the screw body 21; the outer periphery of the nail body 21 is provided with an external thread which is arranged at the end far away from the tail cap 20; the fracture block 30 has through holes; the main bone 31 has a threaded hole; the external thread end of the nail body 21 passes through the through hole, enters the threaded hole and is in threaded connection with the threaded hole.

The lag screw and the diagonal gasket 10 are both made of titanium-aluminum-niobium materials, and the titanium-aluminum-niobium materials have good compatibility with human tissues and small rejection reaction of human bodies to the titanium-aluminum-niobium materials; the titanium-aluminum-niobium has good toughness and corrosion resistance; the titanium alloy is inert metal, and is not easy to perform chemical reaction on human tissues; the titanium-aluminum-niobium alloy has moderate hardness, is not easy to break, and has little influence on human bodies after operation.

While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.