阅读说明：本技术 一种18CrNiMo7-6钢的冶炼方法 (Smelting method of 18CrNiMo7-6 steel ) 是由 赵鸿燕 王伟 李克明 于 2020-11-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种18CrNiMo7-6高铁齿轮钢的冶炼方法,其特征是渣系配比为：CaF_2是60%,Al_2O_3是20%,CaO是20%,杂质元素含量FeO≤0.2%,SiO_2≤0.5%。电渣重熔结晶器直径是350mm,充填比是0.7-0.75,熔化率(kg/h)=(0.8-0.85)×结晶器直径。使用本发明方法生产的18CrNiMo7-6钢,钢锭表面无渣沟等缺陷,重熔后钢锭中C、Mn、Cr等元素头尾、及横断面偏差≤0.005%。冶炼的产品[O]含量达到了12-17ppm,钢中A、B、C、D类夹杂物评级都≤0.5级。(A smelting method of 18CrNiMo7-6 high-speed rail gear steel is characterized in that the slag system proportion is as follows: CaF 2 Is 60% of Al 2 O 3 20 percent of CaO, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of impurity element FeO, and SiO 2 Less than or equal to 0.5 percent. The diameter of the electroslag remelting crystallizer is 350mm, the filling ratio is 0.7-0.75, and the melting rate (kg/h) = (0.8-0.85) × the diameter of the crystallizer. The 18CrNiMo7-6 steel produced by the method has no defects of slag channels and the like on the surface of a steel ingot, and the head-tail deviation and the cross section deviation of elements such as C, Mn, Cr and the like in the steel ingot after remelting are less than or equal to 0.005 percent. Product of smelting [ O ]]The content reaches 12-17ppm, and the grades of A, B, C, D inclusions in the steel are all less than or equal to 0.5 grade.)

1. A smelting method of 18CrNiMo7-6 steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) charging: welding a steel electrode to be smelted and a dummy electrode together, and connecting the steel electrode and the dummy electrode with an electrode holder; the bottom of the crystallizer is provided with an arc striking ring, car scraps and slag charge 8-10% of the total slag charge which are made of the same material;

2) inert gas purging: closing the protective cover, introducing argon to perform furnace bottom blowing, and simultaneously opening a smoke exhaust device to exhaust air in the furnace for 5-10 minutes;

3) smelting: after slag melting is cleared, the melting period is started, and the melting rate is = (0.8-0.85). times.diameter of the crystallizer; the slag resistance swing in the smelting process is less than 0.5m omega, and the filling ratio is as follows: 0.7-0.75, the unit of melting rate is kg/h, the unit of crystallizer diameter is mm, and the unit of electrode diameter is mm;

4) feeding: adopting three stages, namely, quickly decreasing the power feeding, then slowly decreasing the power feeding, and finally keeping the temperature at constant power;

5) and (5) carrying out die cooling and demolding.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of metallurgical steelmaking, and particularly relates to a smelting method of 18CrNiMo7-6 steel.

Background

The 18CrNiMo7-6 steel is high-iron gear steel, and oxygen and oxide impurities in the steel can reduce the mechanical property of the steel and deteriorate the technological property of the steel, thereby influencing the service life of the gear, so that the oxygen control is more and more strict along with the speed increase of the high-iron. At present, the process route for producing the gear steel 18CrNiMo7-6 at home and abroad is electric furnace smelting-LF furnace refining-VD vacuum-steel ingot casting, and the compactness of a crystal structure of die casting or continuous casting is poorer than that of an electroslag smelted steel ingot, so that the performance of a final product is influenced. With the increasing speed of high iron, the steel is required to have higher purity and a more compact crystal structure of the cast ingot. The content of O required by users is less than or equal to 20ppm, and the content of O after electroslag smelting is 18-25 ppm.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems of low oxygen and high purity control of high-iron gear steel 18CrNiMo7-6 produced by an electroslag smelting process.

A smelting method of 18CrNiMo7-6 high-speed rail gear steel is characterized in that the slag system proportion is as follows: CaF₂Is 60% of Al₂O₃20 percent of CaO, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of impurity element FeO, and SiO₂Less than or equal to 0.5 percent. The diameter of the electroslag remelting crystallizer is 350mm, the filling ratio is 0.7-0.75, and the melting rate (kg/h) = (0.8-0.85) × the diameter of the crystallizer.

The 18CrNiMo7-6 steel produced by the method has no defects of slag channels and the like on the surface of a steel ingot, and the head-tail and cross section deviation of C, Mn and Cr elements in the steel ingot after remelting is less than or equal to 0.005 percent. The content of the smelted product [ O ] is reduced to 12-17ppm, and the grades of A, B, C, D-type inclusions in steel are all less than or equal to 0.5 grade.

Detailed Description

A smelting method of 18CrNiMo7-6 steel comprises the following steps:

using VD to smelt the forged electrode, and carrying out surface treatment on an electrode blank: and peeling or polishing the surface of the cast electrode.

Electroslag remelting adopts remelting under the protection of argon, and Al powder is not added for deoxidation in order to limit Al increase. Electroslag remelting: the slag system proportion is as follows: CaF₂：60%，Al₂O₃: 20%, CaO: 20 percent, the content of impurity elements FeO is less than or equal to 0.2 percent, SiO₂Less than or equal to 0.5 percent. Remelting under the protection of argon, wherein the flow of argon is 10-15L/min.

The specific process steps are as follows:

1) charging: the gear steel electrode to be smelted and the false electrode are welded together and connected with the electrode holder. The bottom of the crystallizer is provided with an arc striking ring, car scraps and slag accounting for 8-10% of the total slag.

2) Inert gas purging: closing the protective cover, introducing Ar gas to blow the furnace bottom, and simultaneously opening the smoke exhaust device to exhaust the air in the furnace for 5-10 minutes.

3) Smelting: after the slag is melted and cleaned, the melting period is started, and the melting rate (kg/h) = (0.8-0.85) × the diameter (mm) of the crystallizer. The slag resistance swing in the smelting process is less than 0.5m omega.

Filling ratio (electrode diameter/crystallizer diameter; unit of electrode diameter and crystallizer diameter: mm): 0.75;

4) feeding: three stages are adopted, wherein the power feeding is reduced rapidly, then the power feeding is reduced slowly, and finally the constant power is kept. The fast decreasing power, the slow decreasing power and the constant power are all conventional concepts in the field.

5) And (5) carrying out die cooling and demolding.

The slag system of the invention has low melting point and good fluidity in the remelting process, and contains 20 percent of CaO and Al₂O₃The effect of removing the impurities is good.

Smelting at a low melting speed, wherein the melting rate (unit is kg/h) = (0.8-0.85) × the diameter of a crystallizer. The filling ratio is large, the exposed area of the molten pool can be reduced, the oxygen absorption of the molten pool is reduced, the melting speed is low, the slag temperature can be reduced, and the electrode oxidation is reduced.

In order to prevent air from entering the furnace from a gap of the protective cover in the remelting process, argon is continuously introduced into the protective cover, and the micro-positive pressure in the protective cover in the remelting process is kept.

The content of the product [ O ] smelted by the method is 12-15 ppm.