阅读说明：本技术 一种有色金属表面强化处理方法 (Non-ferrous metal surface strengthening treatment method ) 是由 熊万军 于 2020-11-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种有色金属表面强化处理方法,其特征在于,S1配制石墨烯活化液；S2有色金属石墨烯湿法渗透,工件在预热炉中加热到200-300℃,保温1-3h,快速轮流放入不同活化槽的石墨烯活化液中进行活化处理,时间30-60分钟；重复进行上述预热并活化处理,直到达到渗透层厚度；重复次数至少2次,得到渗透工件；S3蒸煮处理,将工件放进纯净水槽中进行蒸煮30分钟,自然晾干。所述有色金属表面强化处理方法,用石墨烯溶活化液和石墨烯渗透着色液,进行对铝、铜材料活化和渗透着色处理,使石墨烯蠕虫离子渗入表面和对材料外层进行着色,得到表层硬内部软、耐磨性高的有色金属制件。(A non-ferrous metal surface strengthening treatment method is characterized in that S1 is used for preparing graphene activation solution; s2 non-ferrous metal graphene wet infiltration, heating the workpiece to 200-300 ℃ in a preheating furnace, preserving heat for 1-3h, and quickly placing the workpiece into graphene activation solutions of different activation tanks in turn for activation treatment for 30-60 minutes; repeating the preheating and activating treatment until the thickness of the permeable layer is reached; repeating for at least 2 times to obtain a permeable workpiece; and S3, cooking, namely, putting the workpiece into a purified water tank for cooking for 30 minutes, and naturally airing. According to the method for strengthening the surface of the nonferrous metal, graphene solution activating solution and graphene permeating coloring solution are used for activating and permeating coloring treatment on aluminum and copper materials, so that graphene worm ions permeate into the surface and color the outer layer of the material, and the nonferrous metal part with a hard surface layer, a soft inner part and high wear resistance is obtained.)

1. A method for strengthening the surface of non-ferrous metal is characterized by comprising

S1 preparation of graphene activation solution

1) Putting 40wt% of refined graphene flake powder and 36wt% of aqua regia into a reaction kettle, controlling the temperature at 70 ℃, stirring for 30 minutes, then starting ultrasonic treatment, and continuing to stir for 20-60 minutes to obtain a solution I;

2) adding sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 50 percent and the weight of 20 percent by weight into the solution I with the weight of 80 percent by weight, and stirring the solution I for 30 to 60 minutes at the temperature of 50 to 60 ℃ in the temperature control of a reaction kettle;

3) adding 2wt% of coupling agent, 5wt% of active agent, 4.5wt% of suspending agent, 1wt% of conductive salt, 1wt% of buffering agent and 20.5wt% of zirconium oxide, and stirring for 10 minutes at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ in a reaction kettle to prepare graphene activation liquid;

s2 non-ferrous metal graphene wet infiltration

1) Preparing two identical activation grooves, and putting the graphene activation solution into the graphene solution activation groove, wherein the temperature of the activation groove is not higher than 2 ℃;

2) firstly, carrying out surface sand blasting treatment on a non-ferrous metal workpiece;

3) multiple infiltration

Heating the workpiece in a preheating furnace to 200-300 ℃, preserving heat for 1-3h, and quickly and alternately putting the workpiece into graphene activation solutions of different activation tanks for activation treatment for 30-60 min; repeating the preheating and activating treatment until the thickness of the permeable layer is reached; repeating for at least 2 times to obtain a permeable workpiece;

4) taking out the permeable workpiece, and washing with tap water;

s3 cooking treatment

And (3) putting the workpiece into a purified water tank, steaming for 30 minutes, and naturally drying.

2. The method for strengthening the surface of nonferrous metal according to claim 1, wherein the steps S1 and S2 are replaced with:

s1 preparation of activated graphene powder

1) Putting 40wt% of refined graphene flake powder and 36wt% of aqua regia into a reaction kettle, controlling the temperature at 70 ℃, stirring for 30 minutes, then starting ultrasonic treatment, selecting ultrasonic frequency at 500 plus 600GHz, and continuously stirring for 20-60 minutes to obtain a solution I;

2) adding sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 50 percent and the weight of 20 percent into the solution I with the weight of 80 percent, and stirring the solution I for 30 to 60 minutes at the temperature of 50 to 60 ℃ in the temperature control of a reaction kettle;

3) heating to evaporate the solvent, and drying in a vacuum oven at 60 ℃ for 12h to obtain dry brown yellow activated graphene powder;

s2 non-ferrous metal graphene dry infiltration method

1) Preparing a roller with the diameter of less than 400 mm;

2) firstly, carrying out surface sand blasting treatment on a non-ferrous metal workpiece;

3) protective atmosphere

Putting a non-ferrous metal workpiece and graphene oxide powder into the roller, introducing inert gas such as N2, and discharging air in the roller and the graphene oxide powder;

4) rotating while penetrating

Heating the roller to 200-300 deg.C, maintaining the temperature for 30-60min while rotating the roller at 50-100 rpm;

5) and taking out the workpiece and washing with tap water.

3. The method for strengthening the surface of nonferrous metal according to claim 1, further comprising S20 coloring and permeating between the steps S2 and S3, comprising the steps of:

s21 preparation of graphene adsorption coloring liquid

Putting 90wt% of graphene activation solution and 10wt% of adsorbed metal powder into a reaction kettle under the temperature control of 50-60 ℃, starting microwave oscillation and stirring for 15 minutes, and storing in a closed container for 24 hours to prepare graphene adsorption coloring solution;

s22 coloring and permeating, heating the workpiece to 300 ℃ in a preheating furnace, and quickly putting the workpiece into graphene adsorption coloring liquid for treatment.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the graphene adsorption coloring liquid is charged with DC 36V and AC 220V for 30-60min, and ultrasonic oscillation is started during the whole process at an oscillation frequency of 500-600 GHz.

5. The method for surface-strengthening treatment of nonferrous metals according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbed metal powder is a high-fineness nonferrous metal powder of 200 mesh or more.

6. The method for strengthening the surface of the nonferrous metal according to claim 1, wherein the graphene flake refined powder has a sheet diameter size of 30 μm or less and a single-layer graphene thickness of 7nm or less, preferably under SEM scanning electron microscope observation.

7. The method for surface-strengthening treatment of non-ferrous metals according to claim 1, wherein the non-ferrous metals are preferably copper, aluminum, gold, silver, chromium, nickel, magnesium and alloys thereof.

8. The surface strengthening treatment method of nonferrous metal according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the nonferrous metal workpiece is an aluminum or aluminum alloy section, the effective infiltrated layer thickness after the surface strengthening treatment of the nonferrous metal is 10 to 50 μm, and the average hardness is more than 400 HV.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of metal surface treatment, and relates to a non-ferrous metal surface strengthening treatment method.

Background

Industrial applicability the demand for hard-surfaced and soft-surfaced, high-wear-resistant nonferrous materials is increasing year by year. The surface treatment process of oxidation and hardening of non-ferrous metal materials such as aluminum alloy and copper alloy is to form an alloy layer different from a matrix on the surface to achieve the purpose of hardening. Surface diffusion is a surface treatment process which develops rapidly, and the nonferrous metal surface diffusion method utilizes C, N, B and the like with small atomic size to permeate from the metal surface at high temperature to form a solid solution and a precipitate layer, namely a compound layer, with elements in a matrix so as to achieve the purpose of hardening. The prior art generally adopts a chemical treatment process, an ion nitriding process and a solid boronizing process. Whereas the surface coating method is excluded because the surface coating material is generally not as relevant to the composition of the substrate.

The chemical treatment process is to use a chemical treatment agent to make the surface of the nonferrous metal react with the chemical treatment agent to generate a passivation film consisting of oxides or metal salts. For example, the famous Dow17 process uses sodium chromate and magnesium fluoride to react with the surface of magnesium alloy to form a certain chromium salt and metal colloidal film on the surface of magnesium alloy.

The ion nitriding process is to arrange the nitrided piece in a sealed chamber, exhaust the air in the chamber and introduce N₂If necessary, adding H₂Or A_rGas, to generate glow discharge between the workpiece (cathode) and the sealed chamber wall (anode), the temperature of the workpiece is controlled by the current density on the surface, a certain current density is kept by adjusting the discharge voltage, and the temperature is kept for several hours. Such as Cu₁₀Cr is nitrided at 700 ℃ x 3 hours x (N2: H2=1: 1) to give a hard coating having a greenish brown surface of 10-10 μm.

The solid boronizing process is to bury the workpiece in amorphous boron powder (with particle size of 0.1-1.0 micron) in a graphite crucible, and heat the workpiece in an electric furnace to reach a specified temperature and holding time. Introducing inert gas A into the electric furnace_r. For example, AU-Cr alloy can obtain a hardened layer of about 20 μm under the boronizing conditions of 900-950 ℃ for 6 hours, and the surface hardness can reach 1500-1600 HV.

The carburizing process is to heat the workpiece in carburizing medium to certain temperature and for certain time to make carbon atoms penetrate into the surface to form hardened metal carbide layer with carbon concentration gradient, and aims at making the workpiece obtain high surface hardness, wear resistance and high contact fatigue strength. For example, after the TiAl-based alloy is subjected to surface carburization for 1193K/6h, a uniform carburized layer is formed on the surface layer of the TiAl-based alloy. The carburizing process is mostly used for ferrous metals such as low carbon steel parts.

Therefore, in the field of surface treatment of nonferrous metals, a surface diffusion process of nonferrous metals is urgently needed to obtain a nonferrous metal part with hard surface layer and soft inner part and high wear resistance.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a non-ferrous metal surface strengthening treatment method, which solves the problem that a non-ferrous metal product with a hard surface layer and a soft inner part and high wear resistance is obtained by a non-ferrous metal surface diffusion process to replace an electroplating process.

The invention is realized in such a way that a method for strengthening the surface of nonferrous metal comprises

S1 preparation of graphene activation solution

1) Putting 40wt% of refined graphene flake powder and 36wt% of aqua regia into a reaction kettle, controlling the temperature at 70 ℃, stirring for 30 minutes, then starting ultrasonic treatment, and continuing to stir for 20-60 minutes to obtain a solution I;

2) adding sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 50 percent and the weight of 20 percent by weight into the solution I with the weight of 80 percent by weight, and stirring the solution I for 30 to 60 minutes at the temperature of 50 to 60 ℃ in the temperature control of a reaction kettle;

3) adding 2wt% of coupling agent, 5wt% of active agent, 4.5wt% of suspending agent, 1wt% of conductive salt, 1wt% of buffering agent and 20.5wt% of zirconium oxide, and stirring for 10 minutes at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ in a reaction kettle to prepare graphene activation liquid;

s2 non-ferrous metal graphene wet infiltration

1) Preparing two identical activation grooves, and putting the graphene activation solution into the graphene solution activation groove, wherein the temperature of the activation groove is not higher than 2 ℃;

2) firstly, carrying out surface sand blasting treatment on a non-ferrous metal workpiece;

3) multiple infiltration

Heating the workpiece in a preheating furnace to 200-300 ℃, preserving heat for 1-3h, and quickly and alternately putting the workpiece into graphene activation solutions of different activation tanks for activation treatment for 30-60 min; repeating the preheating and activating treatment until the thickness of the permeable layer is reached; repeating for at least 2 times to obtain a permeable workpiece;

4) taking out the permeable workpiece, and washing with tap water;

s3 cooking treatment

And (3) putting the workpiece into a purified water tank, steaming for 30 minutes, and naturally drying.

Further, step S1 and step S2 are replaced with:

s1 preparation of activated graphene powder

1) Putting 40wt% of refined graphene flake powder and 36wt% of aqua regia into a reaction kettle, controlling the temperature at 70 ℃, stirring for 30 minutes, then starting ultrasonic treatment, selecting ultrasonic frequency at 500 plus 600GHz, and continuously stirring for 20-60 minutes to obtain a solution I;

2) adding sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 50 percent and the weight of 20 percent into the solution I with the weight of 80 percent, and stirring the solution I for 30 to 60 minutes at the temperature of 50 to 60 ℃ in the temperature control of a reaction kettle;

3) heating to evaporate the solvent, and drying in a vacuum oven at 60 ℃ for 12h to obtain dry brown yellow activated graphene powder;

s2 non-ferrous metal graphene dry infiltration method

1) Preparing a roller with the diameter of less than 400 mm;

2) firstly, carrying out surface sand blasting treatment on a non-ferrous metal workpiece;

3) protective atmosphere

Putting the non-ferrous metal workpiece and the graphene oxide powder into the roller, introducing inert gas such as N2, and discharging air in the roller and the graphene oxide powder.

4) Rotating while penetrating

Heating the roller to 200 ℃ and 300 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 30-60min while rotating the roller at 50-100 rpm.

5) And taking out the workpiece and washing with tap water.

Further, between the steps S2 and S3, S20 coloring infiltration is also included, including the following steps:

s21 preparation of graphene adsorption coloring liquid

Putting 90wt% of graphene activation solution and 10wt% of adsorbed metal powder into a reaction kettle under the temperature control of 50-60 ℃, starting microwave oscillation and stirring for 15 minutes, and storing in a closed container for 24 hours to prepare graphene adsorption coloring solution;

s22 coloring and permeating, heating the workpiece to 300 ℃ in a preheating furnace, and quickly putting the workpiece into graphene adsorption coloring liquid for treatment.

Further, the graphene adsorption coloring liquid is electrified with direct current of 36V and alternating current of 220V, the adsorption coloring time is 30-60 minutes, ultrasonic oscillation is started in the whole process, and the oscillation frequency is 500 plus 600 GHz.

Further, the adsorbed metal powder is a high-fine nonferrous metal powder of 200 mesh or more.

Further, the refined graphene flake powder preferably has a sheet diameter size of 30 μm or less and a single-layer graphene thickness of 7nm or less as observed by an SEM (scanning electron microscope).

Further, the non-ferrous metals are preferably copper, aluminum, gold, silver, chromium, nickel, magnesium, and alloys thereof.

Furthermore, the non-ferrous metal workpiece is an aluminum or aluminum alloy section, after the surface strengthening treatment of the non-ferrous metal, the effective infiltration layer has the thickness of 10-50 mu m and the average hardness of more than 400 HV.

The present invention has the following advantageous technical effects,

the non-ferrous metal surface strengthening treatment method replaces the traditional non-ferrous metal material oxidation, hardening and electroplating surface treatment processes of aluminum, copper alloy and the like, and uses graphene solution activating solution and graphene permeating coloring solution to activate and permeate and color the aluminum and copper materials, so that graphene worm ions color the outer layer of the materials, acid is not used, only a small amount of alkali is used, waste gas is not generated, and the environment is not polluted.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for strengthening the surface of nonferrous metal of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Example 1

A method for strengthening the surface of non-ferrous metal includes such steps as,

s1 preparation of graphene activation solution

1) Preparation of sodium hydroxide solution

50wt% of sodium hydroxide and 50wt% of solvent are put in a container to react and stir for 30 minutes to prepare 50% sodium hydroxide solution for standby, wherein the wt% is weight percentage; the solvent is preferably water or ethylene glycol.

2) Preparing graphene activation solution

The formula is as follows: 30wt% of graphene flake refined powder, 2wt% of coupling agent, 5wt% of active agent, 4.5wt% of suspending agent, 36wt% of aqua regia, 1wt% of conductive salt, 1wt% of buffering agent and 20.5wt% of zirconium oxide.

The preparation method comprises the following steps:

putting 40wt% of refined graphene flake powder and 36wt% of aqua regia into a reaction kettle, controlling the temperature at 70 ℃, stirring for 30 minutes, starting ultrasonic treatment, and continuing to stir for 20-60 minutes to obtain a solution I;

adding sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 50 percent and the weight of 20 percent by weight into the solution I with the weight of 80 percent by weight, and stirring the solution I for 30 to 60 minutes at the temperature of 50 to 60 ℃ in the reaction kettle;

③ adding 2 weight percent of coupling agent, 5 weight percent of activating agent, 4.5 weight percent of suspending agent, 1 weight percent of conductive salt, 1 weight percent of buffering agent and 20.5 weight percent of zirconium oxide, stirring for 10 minutes under the condition that the temperature of the reaction kettle is controlled to be 50-60 ℃ to prepare the graphene activating solution.

The aqua regia is a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid according to the volume ratio of 3:1, and is used for oxidizing the graphene flakes and further oxidizing and miniaturizing the graphene flakes.

The graphene flakes react with strong oxidant aqua regia, and carbonyl, hydroxyl, epoxy and other groups are attached between the graphene flakes after oxidation, so that the distance between the graphite layers is increased to form graphite oxide. The graphite oxide is easily dispersed into a uniform single-layer or double-layer graphene oxide solution, namely a graphene activation solution, in water or an organic solvent through proper ultrasonic treatment. The ultrasonic frequency is selected at 500-600 GHz.

The preferred fine graphene flake powder is observed by an SEM (scanning electron microscope), the size of the flake diameter is below 30 mu m, the thickness of single-layer graphene is below 7nm, and the larger the number of the flakes is, the better the powder is. And (3) obtaining the thickness of the sample by using AFM (atomic force microscopy) testing, and calculating the number of the obtained alkene sheets by knowing the thickness of the single-layer graphene.

S2 non-ferrous metal graphene wet infiltration

1) Preparing two identical activation grooves, and putting the graphene activation solution into the graphene solution activation groove, wherein the temperature of the activation groove is not higher than 2 ℃;

2) firstly, carrying out surface sand blasting treatment on a non-ferrous metal workpiece;

3) multiple infiltration

Heating the workpiece in a preheating furnace to 200-300 ℃, preserving heat for 1-3h, and quickly and alternately putting the workpiece into graphene activation solutions of different activation tanks for activation treatment for 30-60 min; the above preheating and activation process is repeated until the thickness of the permeation layer is reached. Repeating for at least 2 times to obtain the permeable workpiece.

4) Taking out the workpiece and washing with tap water;

and after the washing water is collected, putting the washing water into a sedimentation tank for sedimentation, and after the sedimentation, neutralizing the water with sodium hydroxide after the PH measurement, wherein the washing water can be repeatedly used. Adding the precipitated graphene materials into the graphene solution according to the proportion not higher than one tenth, and mixing the graphene materials in the graphene solution infiltration tank for use.

S3 cooking treatment

1) And taking out the workpiece, and washing with purified water.

2) And putting the workpiece into a purified water tank for steaming and boiling for 30 minutes.

3) And taking out the workpiece and drying.

S20 color penetration is further included between the steps S2 and S3, and S20 color penetration includes the following steps:

s21 preparation of graphene adsorption coloring liquid

And putting 90wt% of graphene activation solution and 10wt% of adsorbed metal powder into a reaction kettle together, controlling the temperature to be 50-60 ℃, starting microwave oscillation and stirring for 15 minutes, and storing in a closed container for 24 hours to obtain the graphene adsorption coloring solution. The adsorbed metal powder is high-fine nonferrous metal powder of 200 mesh or more, such as magnesium powder. The shelf life of the coloring liquid adsorbed by the graphene is 3 months.

S22 coloring and permeating, heating the workpiece to 300 ℃ in a preheating furnace, and quickly putting the workpiece into graphene adsorption coloring liquid for treatment. And (3) introducing a direct current of 36V and an alternating current of 220V into the graphene adsorption coloring liquid, wherein the adsorption coloring time is 30-60 minutes, and starting ultrasonic oscillation in the whole process. The oscillation frequency is 500-600 GHz.

The whole production process of the process is internally circulated, and no wastewater or waste material is discharged.

The non-ferrous metals are preferably copper, aluminum, gold, silver, chromium, nickel, magnesium and alloys thereof.

The refined graphene flake powder is

After the surface of the non-ferrous metal workpiece is strengthened, the surface hardness is increased and no soft spot exists. From the metallographic structure, the effective permeable layers are all between 10 and 50 mu m.

Example 2

Mechanical energy is used for dry infiltration assistance, only modified steps are detailed, and other steps are the same as example 1.

A method for strengthening the surface of non-ferrous metal includes such steps as,

s1 preparation of activated graphene powder

1) Preparation of sodium hydroxide solution

50wt% of sodium hydroxide and 50wt% of solvent are put in a container to react and stir for 30 minutes to prepare 50% sodium hydroxide solution for standby, wherein the wt% is weight percentage; the solvent is preferably water or ethylene glycol.

2) Preparing activated graphene powder

Putting 40wt% of refined graphene flake powder and 36wt% of aqua regia into a reaction kettle, controlling the temperature at 70 ℃, stirring for 30 minutes, starting ultrasonic treatment, selecting ultrasonic frequency at 500 plus 600GHz, and continuously stirring for 20-60 minutes to obtain a solution I;

adding sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 50 percent and the weight of 20 percent by weight into the solution I with the weight of 80 percent by weight, and stirring the solution I for 30 to 60 minutes at the temperature of 50 to 60 ℃ in the reaction kettle;

thirdly, heating to evaporate the solvent, and drying in a vacuum oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain dry brown yellow activated graphene powder.

Or freeze-drying for 48 h at-60 ℃ by adopting a freeze-drying method to prepare dry brown yellow activated graphene powder.

S2 non-ferrous metal graphene dry infiltration method

1) Preparing a roller with the diameter of less than 400 mm;

2) firstly, carrying out surface sand blasting treatment on a non-ferrous metal workpiece;

3) protective atmosphere

Putting the non-ferrous metal workpiece and the graphene oxide powder into the roller, introducing inert gas such as N2, and discharging air in the roller and the graphene oxide powder.

4) Rotating while penetrating

Heating the roller to 200 ℃ and 300 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 30-60min while rotating the roller at 50-100 rpm.

5) Taking out the workpiece and washing with tap water;

naturally cooling to room temperature, taking out the workpiece, collecting cleaning water, putting the workpiece into a sedimentation tank for sedimentation, and after sedimentation, neutralizing water with sodium hydroxide after pH measurement, wherein the water can be repeatedly used. Adding the precipitated graphene materials into the graphene solution according to the proportion not higher than one tenth, and mixing the graphene materials in the graphene solution infiltration tank for use.

Penetration example data comparison

The technical performance indexes of the graphene oxide aluminum profile 1# treated according to the nonferrous metal surface strengthening method of the embodiment 1, the graphene oxide aluminum profile 2# treated according to the nonferrous metal surface strengthening method of the embodiment 2 and the comparative example of the surface-plated aluminum profile are shown in the table 1. The abrasion resistance is that the friction lining is placed into a bayonet of an ML-10 type abrasive abrasion tester, a load of 3.1kg is applied, the end part of a sample is contacted with metallographic abrasive paper (600 #) to perform relative frictional motion along with the rotation of the tester, the abrasion weight loss (g) of the friction lining is measured once the sample walks for 10.36 meters, the sample walks for 1036 meters, and the average value of all abrasion weight losses is calculated.

TABLE 1 comparison of technical data for graphene oxide aluminum profiles and electroplated aluminum profiles

Three elements of graphene infiltration:

(1) decomposing active graphene atoms by using a penetrant at a high temperature;

(2) the molecular distance of the surface of the workpiece to be permeated is increased due to high temperature;

(3) the active graphene atoms are absorbed by the surface of the workpiece and dissolved in the surface tissue.

And under a certain infiltration temperature, keeping a certain heating time, and continuously diffusing graphene atoms dissolved into the surface tissue from the surface to the deep part to reach the thickness of an infiltration layer.

The metal surface strengthening treatment method solves the problem of providing a non-ferrous metal surface diffusion process to provide a non-ferrous metal part with hard surface layer and soft inner part and high wear resistance by the following technical means,

1. step S1 activating atoms from graphene powder to less than 10nm

In the wet infiltration of the embodiment 1, 40wt% of refined graphene flake powder and 36wt% of aqua regia are put into a reaction kettle, the temperature is controlled at 70 ℃, ultrasonic treatment is started after stirring for 30 minutes, and stirring is continued for 20-60 minutes to obtain a solution I; and (3) allowing aqua regia to enter between graphite layers, and breaking van der Waals force among graphite oxide sheets through ultrasonic stripping to obtain a dispersion liquid, namely the graphene activation liquid, in which graphene oxide with the average size of less than 10nm is stably dispersed in a solvent.

In the dry infiltration of the embodiment 2, firstly, 40wt% of the refined graphene scale powder and 36wt% of aqua regia are put into a reaction kettle, the temperature is controlled at 70 ℃, ultrasonic treatment is started after stirring for 30 minutes, the ultrasonic frequency is selected at 500-600GHz, and stirring is continued for 20-60 minutes to obtain a solution I;

adding sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 50 percent and the weight of 20 percent by weight into the solution I with the weight of 80 percent by weight, and stirring the solution I for 30 to 60 minutes at the temperature of 50 to 60 ℃ in the reaction kettle;

thirdly, heating to evaporate the solvent, and drying in a vacuum oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain dry brown yellow graphene oxide powder. Or freeze drying

Firstly, oxidizing graphene flakes by aqua regia, and simultaneously destroying Van der Waals force among graphite oxide flakes by an ultrasonic stripping method to obtain a graphene oxide dispersion liquid with the average size of less than 10nm, and evaporating to obtain activated graphene powder.

2. Multiple cycles of graphene infiltration

Example 1: heating the workpiece in a preheating furnace to 200-300 ℃, preserving heat for 1-3h, and quickly and alternately putting the workpiece into graphene activation solutions of different activation tanks for activation treatment for 30-60 min; the above preheating and activation process is repeated until the thickness of the permeation layer is reached. Repeating for at least 2 times to obtain the permeable workpiece.

Example 2:

3) protective atmosphere

Putting the non-ferrous metal workpiece and the graphene oxide powder into the roller, introducing inert gas such as N2, and discharging air in the roller and the graphene oxide powder.

4) Rotating while penetrating

Heating the roller to 200 ℃ and 300 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 30-60min while rotating the roller at 50-100 rpm.

In the above example 1, wet infiltration, and in the example 2, dry infiltration, when the nonferrous metal is heated to 200-300 ℃, the van der Waals force between the surface molecules is reduced, the molecular distance is increased, and the graphene has oxygen-containing groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl and epoxy, which are bonded between the atoms of the nonferrous metal through covalent bonds.

The non-ferrous metal surface strengthening treatment method replaces the traditional non-ferrous metal material oxidation, hardening and electroplating surface treatment processes of aluminum, copper alloy and the like, and uses graphene solution activating solution and graphene permeating coloring solution to activate and permeate and color the aluminum and copper materials, so that graphene worm ions color the outer layer of the materials, acid is not used, only a small amount of alkali is used, waste gas is not generated, and the environment is not polluted.