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一种聚氨酯湿法调节超纤基布膜微孔的新方法

文档序号：846697 发布日期：2021-03-16 浏览：24次 >En<

阅读说明：本技术 一种聚氨酯湿法调节超纤基布膜微孔的新方法 (Novel method for adjusting micropores of microfiber base cloth membrane by polyurethane wet method ) 是由 孟刘邦 徐华伟 张继刚 高柄棋 陈东 倪雅军 于 2021-01-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种聚氨酯湿法调节超纤基布膜微孔的新方法,属于湿法制备超纤基布技术领域。具体实施方式为将聚氨酯浆料涂敷在超纤无纺布上,然后将其放入DMF/甲苯的混合液凝固浴中凝固,凝固后送入抽出槽进行甲苯减量抽出；上油处理,并在干燥箱中烘干,得到膜微孔均匀的超纤贝斯基布。本发明通过甲苯与DMF两体系间相互扩散速率的不同来调控聚氨酯凝固的速度及孔结构,从而节省了传统凝固调节剂的使用,改善了超纤基布膜的微孔结构,本发明制作的超纤基布不仅微孔结构均匀,连通性好,而且具有良好的透气性和舒适性；实现了降低能耗的目的。(The invention discloses a novel method for adjusting micropores of a microfiber base cloth membrane by a polyurethane wet method, and belongs to the technical field of microfiber base cloth preparation by a wet method. The specific implementation mode is that polyurethane slurry is coated on microfiber non-woven fabric, then the microfiber non-woven fabric is put into a mixed solution of DMF/toluene for coagulation, and after coagulation, the microfiber non-woven fabric is sent into a drawing tank for toluene reduction and drawing; oiling and drying in a drying box to obtain the microfiber Beth base cloth with uniform film micropores. The invention regulates and controls the solidification speed and the pore structure of polyurethane through the difference of the mutual diffusion rate between the toluene and the DMF, thereby saving the use of the traditional solidification regulator and improving the micropore structure of the microfiber base cloth membrane; the purpose of reducing energy consumption is achieved.)

一种聚氨酯湿法调节超纤基布膜微孔的新方法

技术领域

本发明属于湿法制备超纤基布技术领域，具体涉及一种聚氨酯湿法调节超纤基布膜微孔的新方法。

背景技术

超纤合成革是在聚氨酯微孔涂层的基布上经干法造面或后整饰而得，而基布一般由超纤无纺布经湿法浸渍聚氨酯浆液，再经凝固、水洗、抽出、上油及干燥等而制成，因此无纺布中的聚氨酯特性对超纤合成革具有较大影响，目前无纺布中的聚氨酯主要采用湿法相分离凝固成膜所得，因此湿法成膜的相分离环境对无纺布中聚氨酯物性有很大影响，而目前湿法成膜主要是在非溶剂水中进行，通过水与聚氨酯浆液中的DMF相互扩散，聚氨酯分子逐渐从溶液中聚集成凝胶，最后再析出成膜，然而由于水将DMF从浆液中萃取的速率较快，造成湿法膜表面凝固速度较快，影响聚氨酯膜里层的进一步凝固，也造成湿法聚氨酯膜表里均一性较差，尤其表层和里层的孔洞大小及分布差异较大，主要表现为表层致密少孔，而里层则为粗大不一的指形孔，影响内外层孔道的通畅，同时粗大不一的指形孔在力学性能上容易成为应力的集中点，在受力时成为最薄弱的环节，从而降低了合成革的物理性能，目前虽然一般采用凝固调节剂来延缓聚氨酯湿法膜的凝固，但仍无法使聚氨酯微孔的形状、大小及分布得以进一步地调控，因此为了能够做出理想的均一分布的聚氨酯湿法膜微孔结构，需要更进一步的技术改进，另外目前对常规DMF/H2O凝固浴体系而言，其再回收DMF的能耗较高，在国家倡导节约型经济的情况下，实现凝固浴中DMF回收能耗的降低，对节能减排具有积极的贡献。

发明内容

本发明的目的在于提供一种聚氨酯湿法调节超纤基布膜微孔的新方法，以解决超纤合成革膜微孔形状、大小及分布不均匀的情况，同时实现凝固浴中DMF回收能耗的降低。

为达到该目的，提出以下技术方案：

一种聚氨酯湿法调节超纤基布膜微孔的新方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：

1）选取超纤维无纺布，将聚氨酯浆液涂敷在超纤维无纺布上；

2）将通过步骤1）处理过的超纤维无纺布放入DMF/甲苯的混合液凝固浴中凝固，然后送入抽出槽进行甲苯减量抽出；

3）对通过步骤2）处理后的超纤维无纺布进行上油处理，并放置于干燥箱中烘干，得到膜微孔均匀的超纤贝斯基布。

进一步地，步骤1）中所述的聚氨酯浆液的溶剂是DMF，聚氨酯的质量浓度在5%~30%之间，聚氨酯的模量在20~250之间。

进一步地，步骤2）中所述的DMF/甲苯的混合液的组成配比为甲苯占混合液的质量百分比的30%~95%。

进一步地，步骤2）中所述的凝固浴的温度为20~60℃。

相对于现有技术，本发明的有益效果在于：

1）当涂覆有聚氨酯浆料的超纤无纺布浸入DMF/甲苯凝固液中凝固时，凝固液中的甲苯会逐渐置换出聚氨酯浆料中的DMF，通过甲苯与DMF两体系间相互扩散速率的不同来调控聚氨酯凝固的速度及孔结构，从而节省了传统凝固调节剂的使用，改善了超纤基布膜的微孔结构，本发明制作的超纤基布不仅微孔结构均匀，连通性好，且具有良好的透气性和舒适性；

2）相比于将常规DMF/H2O凝固浴中的DMF和H2O分离开，将DMF/甲苯凝固浴中的DMF与甲苯分开更节省能耗，本发明采用DMF/甲苯作为凝固浴溶液，实现了降低能耗的目的。

附图说明

图1 通过实施例1制备得到的超纤贝斯基布的横截面SEM图；

图2通过实施例2制备得到的超纤贝斯基布的横截面SEM图；

图3通过实施例3制备得到的超纤贝斯基布的横截面SEM图；

图4通过实施例4制备得到的超纤贝斯基布的横截面SEM图。

具体实施方式

为将聚氨酯浆料涂敷在超纤无纺布上，然后将其放入DMF/甲苯的混合液凝固浴中凝固，凝固后送入抽出槽进行甲苯减量抽出；上油处理，并在干燥箱中烘干，得到膜微孔均匀的超纤贝斯基布。本发明通过甲苯与DMF两体系间相互扩散速率的不同来调控聚氨酯凝固的速度及孔结构，从而节省了传统凝固调节剂的使用，改善了超纤基布膜的微孔结构，本发明制作的超纤基布不仅微孔结构均匀，连通性好，而且具有良好的透气性和舒适性；实现了降低能耗的目的。 ">

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CN112501918A - 一种聚氨酯湿法调节超纤基布膜微孔的新方法 - Google Patents

一种聚氨酯湿法调节超纤基布膜微孔的新方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112501918A
CN112501918A CN202110030028.XA CN202110030028A CN112501918A CN 112501918 A CN112501918 A CN 112501918A CN 202110030028 A CN202110030028 A CN 202110030028A CN 112501918 A CN112501918 A CN 112501918A
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microfiber
polyurethane
woven fabric
micropores
toluene
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CN112501918B (zh
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孟刘邦
徐华伟
张继刚
高柄棋
陈东
倪雅军
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Hexin Keleli Microfiber Leather Jiaxing Co ltd
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Hexin Keleli Microfiber Leather Jiaxing Co ltd
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  • 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
  • 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
  • 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
  • 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
  • 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
  • 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
  • ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylformamide Chemical compound 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CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
  • YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene Chemical compound 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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0043—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by their foraminous structure; Characteristics of the foamed layer or of cellular layers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
    • D06N3/0004—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using ultra-fine two-component fibres, e.g. island/sea, or ultra-fine one component fibres (< 1 denier)
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
    • D06N3/0011—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using non-woven fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
    • D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
    • D06N2209/12—Permeability or impermeability properties
    • D06N2209/121—Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • D06N2209/123—Breathable

Abstract

本发明公开了一种聚氨酯湿法调节超纤基布膜微孔的新方法，属于湿法制备超纤基布技术领域。具体实施方式为将聚氨酯浆料涂敷在超纤无纺布上，然后将其放入DMF/甲苯的混合液凝固浴中凝固，凝固后送入抽出槽进行甲苯减量抽出；上油处理，并在干燥箱中烘干，得到膜微孔均匀的超纤贝斯基布。本发明通过甲苯与DMF两体系间相互扩散速率的不同来调控聚氨酯凝固的速度及孔结构，从而节省了传统凝固调节剂的使用，改善了超纤基布膜的微孔结构，本发明制作的超纤基布不仅微孔结构均匀，连通性好，而且具有良好的透气性和舒适性；实现了降低能耗的目的。

Description

一种聚氨酯湿法调节超纤基布膜微孔的新方法

技术领域

本发明属于湿法制备超纤基布技术领域，具体涉及一种聚氨酯湿法调节超纤基布膜微孔的新方法。

背景技术

超纤合成革是在聚氨酯微孔涂层的基布上经干法造面或后整饰而得，而基布一般由超纤无纺布经湿法浸渍聚氨酯浆液，再经凝固、水洗、抽出、上油及干燥等而制成，因此无纺布中的聚氨酯特性对超纤合成革具有较大影响，目前无纺布中的聚氨酯主要采用湿法相分离凝固成膜所得，因此湿法成膜的相分离环境对无纺布中聚氨酯物性有很大影响，而目前湿法成膜主要是在非溶剂水中进行，通过水与聚氨酯浆液中的DMF相互扩散，聚氨酯分子逐渐从溶液中聚集成凝胶，最后再析出成膜，然而由于水将DMF从浆液中萃取的速率较快，造成湿法膜表面凝固速度较快，影响聚氨酯膜里层的进一步凝固，也造成湿法聚氨酯膜表里均一性较差，尤其表层和里层的孔洞大小及分布差异较大，主要表现为表层致密少孔，而里层则为粗大不一的指形孔，影响内外层孔道的通畅，同时粗大不一的指形孔在力学性能上容易成为应力的集中点，在受力时成为最薄弱的环节，从而降低了合成革的物理性能，目前虽然一般采用凝固调节剂来延缓聚氨酯湿法膜的凝固，但仍无法使聚氨酯微孔的形状、大小及分布得以进一步地调控，因此为了能够做出理想的均一分布的聚氨酯湿法膜微孔结构，需要更进一步的技术改进，另外目前对常规DMF/H2O凝固浴体系而言，其再回收DMF的能耗较高，在国家倡导节约型经济的情况下，实现凝固浴中DMF回收能耗的降低，对节能减排具有积极的贡献。

发明内容

本发明的目的在于提供一种聚氨酯湿法调节超纤基布膜微孔的新方法，以解决超纤合成革膜微孔形状、大小及分布不均匀的情况，同时实现凝固浴中DMF回收能耗的降低。

为达到该目的，提出以下技术方案：

一种聚氨酯湿法调节超纤基布膜微孔的新方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：

1）选取超纤维无纺布，将聚氨酯浆液涂敷在超纤维无纺布上；

2）将通过步骤1）处理过的超纤维无纺布放入DMF/甲苯的混合液凝固浴中凝固，然后送入抽出槽进行甲苯减量抽出；

3）对通过步骤2）处理后的超纤维无纺布进行上油处理，并放置于干燥箱中烘干，得到膜微孔均匀的超纤贝斯基布。

进一步地，步骤1）中所述的聚氨酯浆液的溶剂是DMF，聚氨酯的质量浓度在5%~30%之间，聚氨酯的模量在20~250之间。

进一步地，步骤2）中所述的DMF/甲苯的混合液的组成配比为甲苯占混合液的质量百分比的30%~95%。

进一步地，步骤2）中所述的凝固浴的温度为20~60℃。

相对于现有技术，本发明的有益效果在于：

1）当涂覆有聚氨酯浆料的超纤无纺布浸入DMF/甲苯凝固液中凝固时，凝固液中的甲苯会逐渐置换出聚氨酯浆料中的DMF，通过甲苯与DMF两体系间相互扩散速率的不同来调控聚氨酯凝固的速度及孔结构，从而节省了传统凝固调节剂的使用，改善了超纤基布膜的微孔结构，本发明制作的超纤基布不仅微孔结构均匀，连通性好，且具有良好的透气性和舒适性；

2）相比于将常规DMF/H2O凝固浴中的DMF和H2O分离开，将DMF/甲苯凝固浴中的DMF与甲苯分开更节省能耗，本发明采用DMF/甲苯作为凝固浴溶液，实现了降低能耗的目的。

附图说明

图1 通过实施例1制备得到的超纤贝斯基布的横截面SEM图；

图2通过实施例2制备得到的超纤贝斯基布的横截面SEM图；

图3通过实施例3制备得到的超纤贝斯基布的横截面SEM图；

图4通过实施例4制备得到的超纤贝斯基布的横截面SEM图。

具体实施方式

下面结合实施例和说明书附图对本发明进行进一步地说明，但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。

实施例1

选取厚度1.0mm的PA6/PE海岛型超纤无纺布一块，将质量浓度15%、模量为60的聚氨酯浆液涂覆在超纤无纺布上，然后将其在DMF含量为40%的DMF/水的凝固浴中，于45℃下凝固完全后，送入抽出槽进行甲苯减量抽出，随后再经上油处理后，再在干燥箱中烘干，得到最终的超纤贝斯基布，其横截面SEM图如图1所示，观察聚氨酯膜微孔形状，内外孔径为大小不一的指型孔结构。

实施例2

选取厚度1.0mm的PA6/PE海岛型超纤无纺布一块，将浓度5%、模量为250的聚氨酯浆液涂覆在超纤无纺布上，然后将其在甲苯含量为30%的DMF/甲苯的混合液凝固浴中，于20℃下凝固完全，然后送入抽出槽进行甲苯减量抽出，随后再经上油处理后，在干燥箱中烘干，得到超纤贝斯基布，其横截面SEM图如图2所示，观察膜微孔形状，为内外均一的孔结构。

实施例3

选取厚度1.5mm的PA6/PE海岛型超纤无纺布一块，将浓度30%、模量为20的聚氨酯浆液涂覆在超纤无纺布上，然后将其在甲苯含量为95%的DMF/甲苯的混合液凝固浴中，于60℃下凝固完全，然后送入抽出槽进行甲苯减量抽出，随后再经上油处理后，在干燥箱中烘干，得到超纤贝斯基布，其横截面SEM图如图3所示，观察聚氨酯微孔形状，为内外均一的孔结构。

实施例4

选取厚度0.8mm的PA6/PE海岛型超纤无纺布一块，将浓度25%、模量为100的聚氨酯浆液涂覆在超纤无纺布上，然后将其在甲苯含量为80%的DMF/甲苯的混合液凝固浴中，于40℃下凝固完全，然后送入抽出槽进行甲苯减量抽出，随后再经上油处理后，在干燥箱中烘干，得到超纤贝斯基布后，其横截面SEM图如图4所示，观察聚氨酯微孔形状，为内外均一的孔结构。
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