阅读说明：本技术 弓毛材料以及拉弦乐器用弓 (Bow hair material and bow for stringed instrument ) 是由 中谷宏 于 2018-07-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种弓毛材料,其为在拉弦乐器用弓(1)的弓毛(5)中使用的弓毛材料,包含由聚苯硫醚树脂形成的毛。弓毛材料所包含毛的直径可以是0.1～0.3mm。(A bow hair material used for bow hair (5) of a bow (1) for a stringed instrument, comprising a hair made of a polyphenylene sulfide resin. The diameter of the hair contained in the bow hair material can be 0.1-0.3 mm.)

1. A bow hair material used for the bow hair of a bow for a stringed instrument, characterized in that,

comprises wool formed of polyphenylene sulfide resin.

2. The bow-hair material of claim 1,

the diameter of the wool is 0.1-0.3 mm.

3. The bow-hair material of claim 1 or 2,

the slope of a tensile force-elongation curve of the wool is 0.70 to 1.70N/%, wherein the tensile force is 0.2N or more and the elongation is 1% or less.

4. The bow hair material of any one of claims 1 to 3,

the change amount of the length dimension of the wool accompanying the change of humidity is 0.5% or less.

5. The bow hair material of any one of claims 1 to 4,

the wool has a shrinkage ratio of 0.5% or less with respect to the length of the wool at normal temperature when the wool is held at 70 ℃.

6. The bow hair material of any one of claims 1 to 5,

having a tuft comprising a plurality of said hairs aligned in a length direction,

the ends of the tufts are welded to form a mounting portion for mounting on the bow tail of the stringed musical instrument bow or the bow head of the bow rod.

7. A bow for a stringed instrument is characterized in that,

a bow comprising a bow rod and a bow having the bow material of any one of claims 1 to 6 attached thereto.

8. A method for producing a bow hair material for use in the bow hair of a bow for a stringed instrument, comprising:

a tuft forming step of forming a tuft including a plurality of longitudinally aligned bristles made of polyphenylene sulfide resin;

and a welding step of welding the end of the hair bundle to form an attachment part for attaching to a bow tail of the stringed instrument bow or a bow head of a bow rod.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a bow hair material used for the bow hair of a stringed instrument bow, and a stringed instrument bow.

Background

A bow for a stringed instrument used for playing a stringed instrument such as a violin has a bow rod, a bow hair, and a screw for adjusting the tension of the bow hair. The bow for the string pulling musical instrument is used for adjusting the tension of bow hair during playing. After playing, the tension of the bow hair is relaxed, and the force stretched by the bow hair is released from the bow rod. The stringed instrument bow is used in a state where rosin is attached to the hair of the bow.

Conventionally, as a material for the bristles of a bow for a stringed instrument, horsetail bristles have been mainly used.

Patent document 1 describes a bow using bristles made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a bow for a stringed instrument.

Prior art documents patent documents

Patent document 1: international publication No. 2017/163469

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved by the invention

However, the durability of the bow hair formed by mounting the horse tail hair is insufficient. Therefore, the user of the bow for a stringed instrument, who uses the horsetail hair as the material of the bow hair (bow hair material), needs to frequently replace the bow hair (hair replacement). Also, the size of the horse tail hair varies greatly with changes in humidity. Therefore, in a bow for a stringed instrument using horse's tail hair as a bow hair material, even if the tension of the bow hair is changed by rotating a screw, the tension of the bow hair may not be adjusted to a tension suitable for playing in a humid environment.

The bow hair material formed of PVDF has excellent durability compared to horse tail hair. However, in the bow for a stringed instrument having the bow hair made of PVDF, when the temperature of the bow hair becomes high due to an external influence, the bow rod may be deformed or broken. More specifically, the PVDF-made bow hair largely contracts with a temperature rise, the tension of the bow hair increases, and a force that is pulled by the bow hair is applied to the bow rod, so that the bow rod may be deformed or broken. Therefore, in the case of the bow hair material formed of PVDF, it is required to reduce the dimensional change accompanying the temperature change.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points. An example of the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a bow hair material for use in the bow hair of a bow for a stringed instrument, which is excellent in durability and is small in dimensional change accompanying temperature change and humidity change.

Technical solution for solving technical problem

The bow hair material of the embodiment of the present invention is a bow hair material used for bow hair of a stringed instrument bow, and includes hair formed of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resin.

In the bow hair material according to the embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the hair is preferably 0.1 to 0.3 mm.

In the hair of the bow hair material according to the embodiment of the present invention, the slope of the tensile force-elongation curve in the range where the tensile force is 0.2N or more and the elongation is 1% or less is preferably 0.70 to 1.70N/%.

In the hair of the bow hair material according to the embodiment of the present invention, the change amount of the length dimension accompanying a change in humidity is preferably 0.5% or less.

In the hair of the bow hair material according to the embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the expansion and contraction with respect to the length of the hair at normal temperature when the hair is held at 70 ℃ is preferably 0.5% or less.

In the bow hair material according to the embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that the bow hair material includes a plurality of hair bundles including the hair aligned in the longitudinal direction, and an end portion of the hair bundle is welded to form a mounting portion for mounting on a bow tail of the bow for a stringed instrument or a bow head of a bow rod.

The bow for a stringed instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a bow rod and a bow hair to which any one of the above-described bow hair materials is attached.

The method for producing a material for bow hair according to an embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing a material for bow hair used for bow hair of a stringed instrument bow, including: a tuft forming step of forming a tuft including a plurality of longitudinally aligned bristles made of polyphenylene sulfide resin;

and a welding step of welding the end of the hair bundle to form an attachment part for attaching to a bow tail of the stringed instrument bow or a bow head of a bow rod.

ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION

The bow hair material of the embodiment of the present invention includes hair formed of PPS resin. Thus, the bow hair material of the present embodiment has excellent durability as compared with horse tail hair.

In addition, the material for the bow hair according to the embodiment of the present invention has a small dimensional change with a temperature change. Therefore, in the bow for a stringed instrument using the bow hair material according to the embodiment of the present invention as the bow hair, the bow rod can be prevented from being deformed or broken by the force of the bow hair stretching applied to the bow rod due to the contraction of the bow hair accompanying the temperature change.

In addition, the material for the bow hair according to the embodiment of the present invention has a small dimensional change with a change in humidity. Therefore, in the bow for a stringed instrument using the bow hair material of the embodiment of the present invention as the bow hair, the change in the length of the bow hair caused by the change in humidity is small, and even if the length of the bow hair changes due to the change in humidity, the tension of the hair can be adjusted to a tension suitable for playing by, for example, rotating the screw.

Thus, the material for the bristles of the present embodiment is suitable for a specific use in the bristles of a bow for a stringed instrument.

The bow for a stringed instrument according to the embodiment of the present invention is preferably a bow including a bow rod and a bow hair to which the bow hair material according to the embodiment of the present invention is attached, because the durability of the bow hair is excellent and the dimensional change of the bow hair accompanying the humidity change and the temperature change is small.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a plan view showing a bow for a stringed instrument according to the embodiment.

Fig. 2 is a graph showing the results of the tensile test in examples 1 and 2 and comparative example 1.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing a part of the tensile test results of example 1 (PPS resin having a diameter of 0.15 mm), in which the results of the range including a tensile force of 0.2N or more and an elongation of 1% or less are enlarged.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing a part of the tensile test results of example 2 (PPS resin having a diameter of 0.20 mm), in which the results of the range including a tensile force of 0.2N or more and an elongation of 1% or less are enlarged.

Fig. 5 is a graph showing a part of the tensile test results of comparative example 1 (horsehair) in an enlarged manner, including the range in which the tensile force is 0.2N or more and the elongation is 1% or less.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing a part of the tensile test results of comparative example 2 (PVDF having a diameter of 0.21mm), in which the results including the range in which the tensile force is 0.2N or more and the elongation is 1% or less are enlarged.

Fig. 7 is a graph showing the results of the abrasion test of example 1 and comparative example 1.

Fig. 8 is a graph showing the adhesion of rosin to the bow hair.

Fig. 9 is a photograph of example 1 hair with rosin attached.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, the bow hair material and the bow for a stringed instrument according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.

[1. Bow hair Material ]

The bow hair material of the present embodiment is a bow hair material used for the bow hair of a stringed instrument bow. The bow hair material of the present embodiment includes hair made of polyphenylene Sulfide Resin (PPS Resin).

As the bristles made of PPS resin, bristles that are substantially circular in cross section and have a substantially uniform diameter (outer diameter) in the longitudinal direction can be used. Specifically, as the bristles of the bow hair material of the present embodiment, fibers (threads) made of commercially available PPS resin can be used.

The hair made of the PPS resin included in the bow hair material of the present embodiment has a rosin adhesion degree equal to or higher than that of horse tail hair (hereinafter, also referred to as "horse hair"). Therefore, the bow for a stringed instrument using the bow hair material of the present embodiment as the bow hair material can be used in a state where the rosin is attached to the bow hair, as in the case of using the horsehair as the bow hair material. Therefore, the bow hair material of the present embodiment is preferable as a bow hair material because the playing feeling and the sound of the bow for the stringed instruments using the bow hair material as the bow hair are similar to those of the case of using the horsehair as the bow hair material.

The diameter of the hair made of the PPS resin included in the bow hair material of the present embodiment is preferably 0.1 to 0.3mm, more preferably 0.15 to 0.25mm, and still more preferably 0.15 to 0.20 mm. If the diameter of the bristles made of PPS resin is within the above range, the playing feeling and the sound generation of the bow for the stringed musical instrument using the bow hair material of the present embodiment as the bow hair are closer to those of the case using the horsehair as the bow hair material. Further, if the diameter of the bristles made of PPS resin is in the above range, the diameter is preferably in the same range as the diameter of the horsehair. Further, if the diameter of the wool made of the PPS resin is 0.1mm or more, the material has excellent tensile strength.

The PPS resin included in the bow hair material of the present embodiment has a characteristic that the slope of the tensile force-elongation curve in the range of the tensile force of 0.2N or more and the elongation of 1% or less is preferably 0.70 to 1.70N/%, and more preferably 0.80 to 1.60N/%. In the bow for a stringed instrument using the hair with the slope of the tensile force-elongation curve of 0.70 to 1.70N/% as the bow hair, the musical performance feeling and the sound can be obtained close to the bow for a stringed instrument using the hair as the bow hair for the following reasons.

In the bow for the stringed instrument, when a tensile force is applied by playing, the elongation of the bow hair is close to the bow hair using the horsehair, and the playing feeling and the sound can be obtained close to the bow for the stringed instrument using the horsehair as the bow hair. Normally, a tension of 0.3N to 0.8N is applied to the bristles of the bow for a stringed instrument during playing. The elongation of the horsehair is 1% or less at a stretching force of 0.8N. Therefore, the range of the tensile force applied to the bow hair during playing is included in the tensile force range in the tensile force-elongation curve in which the tensile force is 0.2N or more and the elongation is 1% or less. And the slope of the curve of tensile force-elongation in the range of tensile force of 0.2N or more and elongation of 1% or less of the horse hair is 0.80-0.95N/%.

The slope of the tensile force-elongation curve of the wool is 0.70-1.70N/% which is in the range of 0.2N or more in tensile force and 1% or less in elongation, and is close to the slope of the horse wool. Therefore, in the bow hair using the hair having the slope of the tension-elongation curve of 0.70 to 1.70N/%, the elongation at the time of applying the tension during playing is close to that in the case of using the horsehair as the bow hair. Thus, the musical instrument bow using the hair as the bow hair having the slope of the tensile force-elongation curve of 0.70 to 1.70N/% can provide a playing feeling and a sound close to those of the musical instrument bow using the horsehair as the bow hair.

The slope of the tensile force-elongation curve in the range of 0.2N for tensile force and 1% or less for elongation can be adjusted according to the thickness of the wool made of PPS resin. Therefore, by changing the thickness of the bristles made of PPS resin according to the preference of the performer, the musical performance and sound production of the bow for a stringed instrument using the bow hair material of the present embodiment as bow hair can be adjusted. Specifically, the slope of the tensile force-elongation curve increases as the wool formed from the PPS resin becomes thicker. When the diameter of the bristles made of PPS resin is 0.1 to 0.3mm, the slope of the tensile force-elongation curve is more easily in the range of 0.70 to 1.70N/%.

The tensile strength (tensile strength in the longitudinal direction) of the wool made of PPS resin is preferably 4N or more. If the tensile strength of the bristles made of PPS resin is 4N or more, the durability of the bristle material becomes better because the bristle material has excellent tensile strength. On the other hand, the tensile strength of the horsehair is 2 to 3N. The tensile strength of the wool made of PPS resin is preferably 12N or less, more preferably 10N or less. If the tensile strength of the bristles made of PPS resin is 12N or less, bristles made of PPS resin having a thickness preferable as a bow hair material can be used. Therefore, it is preferable to use the bow hair material of the present embodiment because the appearance of the bow hair is close to the appearance of the bow hair using the horsehair, and the playing feeling and the sound of the stringed instrument bow including the bow hair are close to the stringed instrument bow using the horsehair.

The tensile strength of the wool formed of the PPS resin becomes higher as the wool becomes thicker. For example, the tensile strength is 5 to 7N when the diameter of the wool made of PPS resin is 0.15mm, and 9 to 12N when the diameter is 0.20 mm.

The bristles made of PPS resin preferably have a number of reciprocations of 20 ten thousand or more for a stringed instrument bow with a breaking number of 20% or more as shown below.

In the present embodiment, "the number of reciprocations of the bow for a stringed instrument having a broken number of 20%" means the number of reciprocations of the bow for a stringed instrument having 100 to 220 pieces of bristles made of PPS resin as a bow hair material, wherein a weight of a total weight of 25g is disposed on a bow rod in an arch range so that a load distribution is substantially equalized in the arch range, and 20% of the number of the broken pieces in the bristles forming the bow hair is broken when D strings of violin strings are rubbed against the bristles.

If the number of times of reciprocating the bow for a stringed instrument, which is made of PPS resin and has the number of broken hairs of up to 20%, is 20 ten thousand or more, the durability of the bow hair material is improved because the bow hair material has good wear resistance. On the other hand, the number of reciprocations of the bow for a stringed instrument, in which the number of broken horsehair is 20%, is 10 ten thousand or less.

The size change of the wool formed of the PPS resin with temperature change is small. Therefore, the bow for a stringed instrument using the bow hair material of the present embodiment as the bow hair is preferable because it is difficult for the force of the bow hair being stretched to be applied to the bow rod due to the contraction of the bow hair accompanying the temperature change.

The bow hair temperature in the stringed instrument bow may become high due to an external influence from the outside. Specifically, the bowstring instrument bow is heated by direct sunlight or the like, or reaches a high temperature in an automobile in which the bowstring instrument bow is mounted, and the temperature of the bow hair may reach 70 ℃.

When the wool formed of the PPS resin is held at a temperature of 70 ℃, it can be in a normal state if the holding time is less than 5 hours. When the wool made of the PPS resin is held at 70 ℃ for, for example, 5 hours or more, the expansion/contraction ratio ({ difference in length before and after holding at 70 ℃/length before holding at 70 ℃) } × 100 (%)) with respect to the length of the wool at normal temperature is preferably 0.5% or less, more preferably 0.3% or less, and the smaller is the better. If the expansion ratio is 0.5% or less, the bow for a stringed musical instrument using the bow hair material of the present embodiment as the bow hair can prevent the excessive force stretched by the bow hair from affecting the quality of the bow rod even if the temperature of the bow hair is 70 ℃ or more.

In the present embodiment, the normal temperature is a temperature range of 15 to 25 ℃.

The size change of the wool formed of the PPS resin with the change in humidity is small. Therefore, in the bow for a stringed instrument using the bow hair material of the present embodiment as the bow hair, even if the length of the bow hair changes due to a change in humidity, the tension of the bow hair suitable for playing can be easily adjusted by, for example, rotating the screw.

The amount of change in the length dimension of the wool made of PPS resin is preferably 0.5% or less, more preferably 0.3% or less, and the smaller the amount, the better the degree, in the range of humidity of 20 to 95%, for example. If the change amount of the length dimension of the bristles formed of the PPS resin is 0.5% or less in the range of humidity of 0 to 100%, the tension of the bristles suitable for playing can be easily adjusted by, for example, rotating the screw even if the length of the bristles is changed due to the humidity change in the bow for the stringed musical instrument using the bow hair material of the present embodiment as the bow hair.

The color of the wool formed of the PPS resin may be white, or may be dyed in black, gray, gold, or the like. As a method for dyeing the wool made of PPS resin, a known dyeing method can be used, and is not particularly limited. As the hair made of PPS resin, for example, a bow hair material using black dyed hair can be used for the same purpose as in the case of using a bow hair material using black horse hair. The wool formed of the PPS resin can be differentiated in color according to thickness.

The bow hair material of the present embodiment may have a hair bundle including a plurality of hairs formed of PPS resin aligned in the longitudinal direction. Preferably, the bow hair material of the present embodiment is formed with an attachment portion for attaching to a bow tail of a bow for a stringed instrument or a bow head of a bow rod by welding an end portion of a hair bundle.

The shape and size of the mounting portion are only required to be capable of being mounted on the bow head and bow tail of the bow for the stringed musical instrument. Preferably, the shape of the mounting part is, for example, a substantially rectangular shape in a plan view having a width narrower by 2 to 3mm than the width of the bow head and the bow tail of the stringed instrument bow and a length of 3 to 5mm from the end of the hair bundle.

When the bow hair material of the present embodiment has the attachment portion, it can be manufactured by the following manufacturing method, for example.

First, a bundle of bristles including a plurality of bristles made of polyphenylene sulfide resin aligned in the longitudinal direction is formed (a bundle forming step). Then, the end portions of the tufts are welded to form an attachment portion for attaching to the bow tail of the stringed instrument bow or the bow head of the bow rod (welding step).

In the welding step, as a method of welding the end portion of the bundle of hair including a plurality of hairs made of PPS resin, a method using an infrared laser and/or an ultrasonic wave is given. The PPS resin is a thermoplastic resin, and the wool formed of the PPS resin can be easily welded by a method using an infrared laser and/or an ultrasonic wave. Therefore, the attachment portion can be easily and efficiently formed by welding the end portion of the bundle of bristles including the plurality of bristles made of PPS resin.

The attachment portion may be formed at both ends of the bundle of bristles or may be formed only at one end. That is, the attachment portion may have a first attachment portion provided at one end portion of the tuft and a second attachment portion provided at the other end portion, or may have only the first attachment portion.

In the case where the mounting portion has the first mounting portion and the second mounting portion, it is preferable that the plurality of hairs arranged between the first mounting portion and the second mounting portion are aligned substantially in parallel in the longitudinal direction. Thus, when the first attachment portion and the second attachment portion are disposed at the maximum interval, the plurality of hairs included in the bundle of hairs are less likely to cross each other. Therefore, the bow hair material can be easily attached to the bow tail of the bow for a stringed instrument and the bow head of the bow rod, and the stringed instrument bow using the bow hair material as the bow hair has good playability.

The length of each hair forming the hair bundle is preferably 400 to 750 mm. If the length of each hair is within the above range, it is suitable as a bow hair material stretched over a bow of any stringed instrument of violins, violas, cellos, violins, and their fractional mini-instruments.

The number of hairs forming the hair bundle is preferably 100 to 220. If the number of the individual hairs forming the hair bundle is in the above range, it is preferable to use one bundle of hair bundles as the material for the bow hair of one stringed instrument bow.

The bundle of bristles includes a plurality of bristles made of PPS resin. The plurality of hairs forming the bundle of hairs may be only one kind of hairs formed of the PPS resin, and may include, for example, two or more kinds of hairs different in quality of any one of thickness, color, and material. When the hair bundle includes two or more kinds of hair, the combination of the kinds of hair and the use ratio of the hair can be appropriately determined according to the playing performance and the sound of the stringed instrument bow, the application, the appearance of the bow hair, the preference of the player, and the like.

When the wool bundles contain wool made of other material than PPS resin, the wool made of other material may be horse wool, or wool made of resin such as nylon, polyester fiber, PVDF, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

The number of the hairs formed of the PPS resin among the plurality of hairs forming the hair bundle is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and may be 100%. By using a bow hair material in which the number of hairs formed of a PPS resin is 50% or more among a plurality of hairs forming a hair bundle, a bow hair having more excellent durability and less dimensional change accompanying temperature change and humidity change can be formed.

The bow hair material of the present embodiment can be attached to the bow tail of the stringed instrument bow and the bow head of the bow rod in the same manner as in the case of using horsehair as the bow hair material.

The bow hair material of the present embodiment has a first attachment portion provided at one end of the hair bundle and a second attachment portion provided at the other end as attachment portions for attachment to the bow head or the bow tail of the bow rod of the stringed musical instrument bow, and when a plurality of hairs arranged between the first attachment portion and the second attachment portion are aligned substantially in parallel in the longitudinal direction, the bow hair material can be attached to the stringed musical instrument bow by the following method.

That is, the first attachment portion is fitted into the bow head of the bow rod of the musical instrument bow and fixed by the wedge. Then, the second mounting portion is fitted into the bow tail of the musical instrument bow and fixed by a wedge. Thereafter, the bow tail was mounted to the stringed instrument bow.

In the case where the bow hair material of the present embodiment has the first attachment portion and the second attachment portion, the following operations (1) to (4) in the case where the horsehair is used as the bow hair material are not required. Therefore, by using the bow hair material of the present embodiment, the bow hair can be more efficiently and easily attached to the bow for a stringed instrument.

(1) Removing hair with excessive thickness, excessive fineness and injury from multiple horse hair, and selecting horse hair for use as bow hair.

(2) Making the selected horsehair into a bundle, tying the end of the bundle with a thread, cutting the tip and fixing with rosin.

(3) After one end of the horsehair bundle is fixed to the bow tail, the horsehair bundle is formed by combing through a comb to be aligned.

(4) The length and tension of the hair bundle are adjusted when the bow hair material is fixed to the bow for a stringed instrument in consideration of the dimensional change of the horsehair accompanying the humidity change.

When the bow hair material of the present embodiment is used, the operations (1) and (4) are not required regardless of whether or not there is an attachment portion for attaching to the tail of the bow for a stringed instrument or the bow of the bow rod.

The size of the horse hair changes greatly with changes in humidity. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the dimensional change of the horsehair due to the difference between the ambient humidity during the work of fixing the bow hair material to the stringed instrument bow and the ambient humidity during the actual use of the stringed instrument bow. Therefore, when the horsehair is used as the material for the bow hair, the operation (4) is required. In contrast, the wool made of PPS resin has a smaller dimensional change with a change in humidity than the horse wool, and the dimensional change with a change in humidity does not need to be taken into consideration, so that the operation (4) is not required.

Moreover, the bundles of bristles including a plurality of bristles made of PPS resin can be easily and efficiently bundled together by welding. Therefore, even if the bow hair material of the present embodiment does not have the attachment portion, the ends of the tufts can be tied with the thread and fixed with the rosin in place of the operation of (2), and the ends of the tufts can be easily and efficiently bound together by welding. Therefore, according to the bow hair material of the present embodiment, even if the attachment portion is not provided, the bow hair can be attached to the bow for a stringed instrument efficiently and easily as compared with the case of using the horsehair.

Moreover, the bow hair material made of PVDF is difficult to weld. Therefore, the bow hair material of the present embodiment can be attached to the bow for a stringed instrument more efficiently and easily than the bow hair material made of PVDF.

In the case where the bow hair material of the present embodiment has only the first attachment portion or does not have the attachment portion, the operation (3) is required. However, when the PPS resin-made bristles are used, which are substantially circular in cross section and have a substantially uniform diameter (outer diameter) in the longitudinal direction, the operation (3) can be performed more efficiently than when horse bristles are used as the bow hair material, as described below.

That is, the horsehair is a material having different curls and shrinkages, and has a large change in diameter in the longitudinal direction, and the surface has irregularities due to the epidermis. Therefore, the hairs of the horsehair bundle are easily entangled with each other.

In contrast, a bundle of hair including a plurality of hairs made of PPS resin is less likely to be entangled than a bundle of horse hair, and thus the combing work with the comb can be easily performed.

[2. bows for stringed instruments ]

Fig. 1 is a plan view showing a bow for a stringed instrument according to the embodiment. The bow 1 for a stringed instrument shown in fig. 1 is used for playing stringed instruments such as violins, violas, cellos, and violas. The bow 1 for a stringed instrument shown in fig. 1 has a bow rod 3, bow hair 5, a cord 7, a handle 9, a screw 11, and a bow tail (bow hair magazine) 13.

The bow hair 5 is arranged between the bow head 3A and the bow tail 13 of the bow rod 3. The stringed musical instrument bow 1 shown in fig. 1 is in a state in which the tension of the bow hair 5 is increased so as to be usable for playing the stringed musical instrument. The bow hair 5 has a band-like planar shape extending in the longitudinal direction of the bow rod 3, and one surface is disposed to face the bow rod 3. As shown in fig. 1, the bow rod 3 is warped with a predetermined curvature. Therefore, the distance between the bow rod 3 and the bow hair 5 is increased on the bow 3A side and the bow tail 13 side, and is decreased in the center in the longitudinal direction.

The bow hair 5 is formed by a plurality of hairs arranged in parallel and extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the bow rod 3. The bow hair 5 of the bow 1 for a stringed instrument shown in fig. 1 is a bow hair to which the bow hair material of the present embodiment is attached, and the bow hair material includes a hair made of PPS resin.

The number of hairs forming the bow hair 5 is preferably 100 to 220, more preferably 120 to 200. The number of bristles forming the bow 5 may be determined as appropriate depending on the application of the bow 1 for a stringed instrument, the thickness of each bristle forming the bow 5, the preference of the player, and the like.

The bow rod 3 may be formed of wood such as brazilian redwood, or may be formed of fiber-reinforced plastic. As the fiber-reinforced plastic, glass fiber-reinforced plastic, carbon fiber-reinforced plastic, or the like can be used. The bow stick made of fiber reinforced plastic has high strength and excellent weather resistance and dimensional stability as compared with a bow stick made of wood.

The bow 1 for a stringed instrument shown in fig. 1 can be manufactured in the same manner as a conventional bow for a stringed instrument using a horsehair as a material of the bow hair, except that the material of the bow hair 5 of the present embodiment is used.

In the bow 1 for a stringed instrument shown in fig. 1, since the bow hair 5 is formed using the bow hair material of the present embodiment, the bow hair can be efficiently and easily attached as compared with the case of using a horsehair as the bow hair material.

The bow 1 for a stringed instrument shown in fig. 1 includes a bow hair 5 to which the bow hair material of the present embodiment including the hair made of PPS resin is attached. Therefore, the bow 1 for a stringed instrument shown in fig. 1 has the bristles 5 having better tensile strength and wear resistance and superior durability than the bow for a stringed instrument having the bristles formed of horsehair. Therefore, the bow 1 for a stringed instrument shown in fig. 1 has a lower frequency of hair replacement than a bow for a stringed instrument including bristles formed of horsehair.

In addition, the bow hair material of the present embodiment including the hair made of the PPS resin has a small expansion ratio at a high temperature. Therefore, the bow 1 for a stringed instrument shown in fig. 1 using the bow hair material of the embodiment of the present invention as the bow hair 5 is less likely to deform or break the bow rod 3 due to the force stretched by the bow hair 5 being applied to the bow rod 3 by the contraction of the bow hair accompanying the temperature change.

In addition, the bow hair material of the present embodiment including the hair made of the PPS resin has a small dimensional change with a change in humidity. Therefore, the length change of the bow 5 accompanying the humidity change is small in the bow 1 for the stringed instrument shown in fig. 1 using the bow hair material of the embodiment of the present invention as the bow hair 5, and even if the length of the bow hair 5 changes due to the humidity change, the tension of the bow hair 5 can be adjusted to a tension suitable for the musical performance by, for example, rotating the screw 11.

In addition, the bow hair 5 of the bow 1 for a stringed instrument shown in fig. 1 is likely to be attached with rosin to an extent equal to or more than that of the bow hair formed of horse hair. Therefore, the stringed musical instrument bow 1 shown in fig. 1 has a similar playing feeling and sound generation to those of a stringed musical instrument bow using horsehair as a bow hair material. Therefore, the stringed musical instrument bow 1 shown in fig. 1 is preferable because it is difficult for a player who uses the stringed musical instrument bow to feel different from a stringed musical instrument bow in which bristles are formed by horsehair.

The bow hair 5 of the bow 1 for a stringed instrument shown in FIG. 1 is a hair having a diameter of 0.1 to 0.3mm and made of PPS resin, and when a bow hair material is used which contains hairs having an elongation of 0 to 1% and an average slope of a tensile force-elongation curve of 0.70 to 1.70N/%, a musical performance feeling and a voice close to those of a bow for a stringed instrument using a horse hair as a bow hair material can be obtained.

Examples

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by examples. The present invention is not limited to the examples shown below, as long as the invention does not depart from the gist thereof.

[ tensile test ]

(example 1)

Three bristles, each of which was made of PPS resin and had a length of 250mm and a diameter of 0.15mm, was prepared, was substantially circular in a cross-sectional view, and had a substantially uniform diameter in the longitudinal direction, and a tensile test was performed one by the following method.

The tensile test was carried out at a test speed of 300mm/min at a temperature of 25 ℃. In the tensile test, a tensile force was applied until the wool was broken, and the relationship between the tensile force and the tensile length of the wool was observed. The results are shown in FIG. 2.

(example 2)

A tensile test was performed in the same manner as in example 1, except that wool having a length of 250mm and a diameter of 0.20mm, which was formed of PPS resin and was substantially circular in cross section and had a substantially uniform diameter in the longitudinal direction was used instead of the wool of example 1. The results are shown in FIG. 2.

Comparative example 1

A tensile test was conducted in the same manner as in example 1 except that a horsehair having a diameter of 0.1 to 0.13mm was used in place of the hair of example 1. The results are shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of the tensile test in examples 1 and 2 and comparative example 1. In fig. 2, the horizontal axis represents the elongation [% ], and the vertical axis represents the tensile force [ N ]. The value of elongation [% ] was calculated using the following formula.

Elongation [% ] (difference in length between before and after the test/length before the test) × 100

As shown in FIG. 2, the tensile strength (tensile force at the time of breakage of the wool) of the wool (example 1) made of PPS resin and having a diameter of 0.15mm was 5 to 7N, and the tensile strength of the wool (example 2) having a diameter of 0.20mm was 9 to 12N. In contrast, the tensile strength of the horsehair (comparative example 1) is 2 to 4N. This confirmed that the wool made of PPS resin had a higher tensile strength than the horsehair.

Comparative example 2

A tensile test was performed in the same manner as in example 1, except that wool (comparative example 2) formed of PVDF having a diameter of 0.21mm, which was substantially circular in cross-section and had a substantially uniform diameter in the longitudinal direction was used instead of the wool of example 1.

The slopes of the tensile force-elongation curves in the ranges in which the tensile force was 0.2N or more and the elongation was 1% or less were calculated for examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2, respectively, by the methods described below.

Among the above-described tensile test results for each wool, the results in the range in which the tensile force is 0.2N or more and the elongation is 1% or less were used to obtain a regression line by the least square method, and this was used as the least square approximation formula of the tensile force-elongation curve for each wool. Then, the average value of the examples and comparative examples was calculated from the value of the slope of the least-squares approximation formula of each hair, and the slope of the tensile force-elongation curve of each example and comparative example was obtained.

Fig. 3 to 6 show some of the results of the tensile tests of examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2. FIG. 3 is an enlarged graph showing the results of example 1 (PPS resin 0.15mm in diameter) including a range of not less than 0.2N in tensile strength and not more than 1% in elongation. FIG. 4 is an enlarged graph showing the results of example 2 (PPS resin 0.20mm in diameter) including a range in which the tensile force is 0.2N or more and the elongation is 1% or less. Fig. 5 is a graph showing the results of comparative example 1 (horsehair) in an enlarged manner including a range of a stretching force of 0.2N or more and an elongation of 1% or less. FIG. 6 is an enlarged graph showing the results of comparative example 2 (PVDF having a diameter of 0.21mm) including a range in which the tensile force is 0.2N or more and the elongation is 1% or less. In fig. 3 to 6, the horizontal axis represents the elongation [% ], and the vertical axis represents the tensile force [ N ].

The slopes of the tensile force-elongation curves in the range of 0.2N or more for tensile forces and 1% or less for elongations were 1.07N/%, in the case of 0.15mm diameter wool (example 1) made of PPS resin shown in fig. 3, 1.54N/%, in the case of 0.20mm diameter wool (example 2) made of PPS resin shown in fig. 4, 0.92N/%, in the case of horse wool (comparative example 1) shown in fig. 5, and 0.68N/%, in the case of PVDF wool (comparative example 2) shown in fig. 6.

Thus, the slopes of the tensile force-elongation curves of the hairs of examples 1 and 2 were in the range of 0.70 to 1.70N/% and were very close to those of the horse hair (comparative example 1). Therefore, it is estimated that the musical performance and sound of the stringed musical instrument bow using the bristles of examples 1 and 2 as the bow hair material are close to those of the stringed musical instrument bow using the horsehair as the bow hair material.

The slope of the tensile force-elongation curve in the range of 0.2N or more tensile force and 1% or less elongation was 1.07N/%, in the case of the wool having a diameter of 0.15mm (example 1), and 1.54N/%, in the case of the wool having a diameter of 0.20mm (example 2), and the slope increased as the wool became thicker. As is clear from the above, the average slope can be adjusted by changing the thickness of the wool made of PPS resin.

On the other hand, the slope of the tensile force-elongation curve of the hair of comparative example 2 was 0.68N/%, and it was found that the hair of comparative example 2 was more easily elongated than the horse hair (comparative example 1) in the range of the tensile force applied to the bow hair during normal playing (0.3N to 0.8N) (see fig. 5 and 6). Therefore, the musical instrument bow using the hair of comparative example 2 as the bow hair material was different from the musical instrument bow using the horsehair as the bow hair material in the sense of performance and the sound, and was large in the sense of incompatibility.

The wool of comparative example 2 was made of PVDF having a diameter of 0.21mm, and was thicker (diameter of 0.21mm) than the wool made of PPS resin (diameter of 0.15mm (example 1), diameter of 0.20mm (example 2)), but the average slope was small (easy elongation). It is found that in order to obtain a hair made of PVDF and having the above average slope in the range of 0.70 to 1.70N/%, it is necessary to thicken the hair to such an extent that it is not suitable as a material for a bow hair.

[ abrasion test ]

The bow hair 5 was prepared from 150 pieces of the hair of example 1 (hair made of PPS resin having a diameter of 0.15 mm) by a general method performed when horsehair was used as the material of the bow hair, and the bow 1 for a stringed instrument shown in fig. 1 was prepared, and the abrasion test was performed by the following method.

The arch hair 5 is set such that the distance between the central position of the arch hair 5 in the longitudinal direction and the arch bar 3 (the shortest distance between the arch hair 5 and the arch bar 3) is 8 mm. 0.05g of rosin was applied to the bristles 5 of the bow 1 for a stringed instrument.

Then, the surface of the bow hair 5 of the bow 1 for a stringed instrument, which is opposite to the bow rod 3, is disposed so as to face the D-strings of the violin strings, and the length direction of the bow rod 3 is fixed to the electric slide bar so as to be substantially orthogonal to the extending direction of the D-strings of the violin strings. The string pulling position (position where the D string of the violin string rubs against the bow 5) is made substantially at the center of the fingerboard and bridge of the violin.

Then, the bow 1 for the stringed instrument is bowed by the electric slide bar, and the bow hair 5 is rubbed on the D string and the bow 1 for the stringed instrument is reciprocated. The bow speed of the motorized slider bar was 50 mm/sec. The arch-transporting range (in other words, the range of the hair 5 in contact with the string D) is set to a range of 5cm centered on the separation point of the length from the tail 13 to one third of the total length of the hair 5. As the pressure applied to the D string by the bow 1 for the stringed instruments, a weight having a total weight of 25g was disposed on the bow rod 3 in the above-mentioned pantograph range so that the load distribution in the above-mentioned pantograph range was substantially equal.

Next, the hair of example 1 used as the material of the bow hair 5 was observed for the relationship between the number of broken pieces (number of broken pieces) and the number of reciprocating times of the bow 1 for a stringed instrument (number of stringed reciprocating times). The results are shown in FIG. 7.

An abrasion test was performed in the same manner as described above, except that the horsehair of comparative example 1 was used instead of the hair of example 1. The results are shown in FIG. 7.

Fig. 7 is a graph showing the results of the abrasion test of example 1 and comparative example 1. In fig. 7, the horizontal axis represents the number of reciprocating string-pulling times [ times ], and the vertical axis represents the number of broken hairs [ pieces ].

As shown in fig. 7, it is understood that the wool (example 1) made of PPS resin and having a diameter of 0.15mm is less likely to break than the horsehair (comparative example 1). Specifically, the number of reciprocations of the bow for a stringed instrument when 30 hairs used as the bow hair material were broken (20% of the total bow hair) was 480000 times in example 1 and 82000 times in comparative example 1.

This confirmed that the wool made of PPS resin had better abrasion resistance than the horsehair.

[ expansion test ]

(extension test based on humidity difference)

Two pieces (sample 1, sample 2) of the PPS resin-made bristles having a diameter of 0.15mm were prepared (example 1), and the stretching test was performed by the following method.

The length of the wool of example 1 was measured before the test. Then, the hair of example 1 was held under the conditions of 35 ℃ and 20% humidity (drying conditions) for 48 hours, and the length of the hair was measured in the same manner as before the test, and further held under the conditions of 35 ℃ and 20% humidity (drying conditions) for 96 hours, and the length of the hair was measured in the same manner as before the test (after 144 hours). The results are shown in Table 1. Next, the hair after the drying was kept at 35 ℃ and 95% humidity (wet condition) for 48 hours, and the length of the hair was measured in the same manner as before the test (after 192 hours). The results are shown in Table 1.

The stretching test was performed in the same manner as described above except that the horsehair of comparative example 1 was used instead of the hair of example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

The stretching test was performed in the same manner as described above except that a PVDF-made wool (comparative example 2) having a diameter of 0.21mm was used instead of the wool of example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

For the lengths of the hairs of example 1 and comparative examples 1 and 2 measured in this manner, the maximum value, the minimum value, the amount of change (difference between the maximum value and the minimum value), and the rate of change ({ difference between the maximum value and the minimum value/length before test) } × 100 (%) were obtained for each sample. The results are shown in Table 1.

[ Table 1]

As shown in table 1, the wool made of PPS resin (example 1) and the wool made of PVDF (comparative example 2) shrunk under both dry and wet conditions, but the rate of change was 0.3% or less.

In contrast, the horse hair (comparative example 1) contracted under dry conditions and elongated under wet conditions. Further, the horsehair (comparative example 1) has a larger rate of change than those of example 1 and comparative example 2.

This confirmed that the wool made of PPS resin and the wool made of PVDF had better stability in length dimension under humidity change than the horse wool.

(extension test at 70 ℃ C.)

Two pieces (sample 3 and sample 4) of the PPS resin-made bristles having a diameter of 0.15mm were prepared (example 1), and the stretching test was performed by the following method.

The length of the wool of example 1 was measured at ambient temperature before the test. Then, the hair of example 1 was held at 70 ℃ and 30% humidity for 5 hours, and the length of the bow hair material was measured in the same manner as before the test, and further held at 70 ℃ and 30% humidity for 21 hours, and the length of the bow hair material was measured in the same manner as before the test (after 26 hours). The results are shown in Table 2.

The stretching test was performed in the same manner as described above except that a PVDF-made wool (comparative example 2) having a diameter of 0.21mm was used instead of the wool of example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.

For the length of the bow-hair material measured in this manner, the difference (mm) between the maximum value and the minimum value and the expansion and contraction rate ({ difference between the maximum value and the minimum value/length before the test) } × 100 (%)) were obtained. The results are shown in Table 2.

[ Table 2]

As shown in table 2, the shrinkage of the wool (example 1) made of PPS resin was 0.3% or less. The wool made of PPS resin has a smaller expansion and contraction rate in the length dimension than the wool made of PVDF (comparative example 2).

This confirmed that the wool made of PPS resin had better stability in the length dimension at 70 ℃ than the wool made of PVDF. Further, the PPS resin is preferable as a material for the bow hair because the stability of the length dimension of the hair is good.

As shown in table 2, no difference was observed between the results after 5 hours and the results after 26 hours in the wool made of PPS resin. From this result, it was found that the wool made of the PPS resin could be brought into a normal state without reaching 5 hours under the conditions of a temperature of 70 ℃ and a humidity of 30. Further, it is found that the degree of expansion and contraction of the staple formed of the PPS resin in a normal state is very small, and that no problem in quality occurs when the staple is used as a staple material.

[ rosin adhesiveness ]

Similarly to the abrasion test, the bow for a stringed instrument 1 was produced by using bristles (example 1) made of PPS resin and having a diameter of 0.15mm as the material of the bow bristles 5. The arch hair 5 is set in such a state that the distance from the center of the arch hair 5 in the longitudinal direction to the bow rod 3 (the shortest distance between the arch hair 5 and the bow rod 3) is 8 mm.

Then, with respect to the bow 1 for a stringed instrument, rosin is made to contact the bow hair 5 and reciprocate in a predetermined range in the longitudinal direction of the bow hair 5, and the mass of the adhered rosin is measured every time reciprocating, and the adhesion of the rosin is observed. The range in which the rosin is reciprocated by contacting the bow hair 5 is in the range of 15cm in length. The results are shown in FIG. 8.

Rosin adhesion was observed in the same manner as described above, except that the wool of comparative example 1, the wool of PVDF having a diameter of 0.21mm (comparative example 2), and the wool of nylon commercially available (comparative example 3) were used instead of the wool of example 1. The results are shown in FIG. 8.

Fig. 8 is a graph showing the adhesion of rosin to the bow hair. In fig. 8, the horizontal axis represents the number of reciprocations (number of applications) [ times ], and the vertical axis represents the weight gain [ g ].

As shown in fig. 8, it was confirmed that both the wool (example 1) made of PPS resin having a diameter of 0.15mm and the wool (comparative example 2) made of PVDF resin having a diameter of 0.21mm were likely to have rosin adhered to them to the same extent or more as the horse wool (comparative example 1). In contrast, the hair made of nylon (comparative example 3) hardly adhered the rosin.

The rosin was brought into contact with the bow hair 5 of the bow 1 for a stringed instrument using a hair (example 1) made of PPS resin having a diameter of 0.15mm and reciprocated a plurality of times, and the rosin was attached to the bow hair 5. When a violin was played using the stringed instrument bow 1, the sound was confirmed, and it was confirmed that the amount of rosin adhering to the bow hair 5 was sufficient. Then, one piece of the hair of example 1 was collected from the hair 5 of the bow 1 for a stringed instrument, and photographed by an optical electron microscope. The results are shown in FIG. 9.

Fig. 9 is a photograph of example 1 hair with rosin attached. As shown in fig. 9, the pine resin was adhered substantially uniformly to the wool (example 1) made of PPS resin having a diameter of 0.15 mm.

[ Performance characteristics ]

As the material of the bow hair 5, a bow for a stringed instrument 1 was prepared in the same manner as in the abrasion test, and pine resin was applied to the bow hair 5, using a hair of 0.15mm in diameter made of PPS resin (example 1), a hair of 0.20mm in diameter made of PPS resin (example 2), a hair of 0.25mm in diameter made of PPS resin (example 3), a horse hair (comparative example 1), a hair of 0.21mm in diameter made of PVDF (comparative example 2), and a hair made of commercially available nylon (comparative example 3).

Then, the violin was played using the string-pulling instruments with different bow hair 5 materials with the bow 1, and the playability was evaluated. The performance and evaluation are performed by professional performers. The results are as follows.

(example 1) the feeling of fingering is light.

(embodiment 2) the sound is clear and crisp and easy to play.

(example 3) was perceived to be alive. Is most suitable for the color clarified song. Not for tracks requiring fine operability.

Comparative example 1 had a moderate elastic feeling and a strong strength.

Comparative example 2 although the sound was clear, the feeling of elasticity and the sound were hard during the performance.

Comparative example 3 on the performance, there was a sense of disagreement of sand and noise.

From the above, it is understood that the bristles made of PPS resin (examples 1 to 3) can not only obtain the playing characteristics comparable to those of the horsehair of comparative example 1, but also can obtain the playing characteristics exceeding those of the horsehair, and thus have new value for players.

Industrial applicability

The invention can be applied to the bow hair of the bow for the string pulling instrument.

Description of the reference numerals

The bow for the string pulling instrument, A3 … bow rod, A3A … bow head, 5 … bow hair, 7 … kinking, 9 … kinking, 11 … screws and 13 … bow tail.