阅读说明：本技术 隧道通风竖井爆破开挖的多功能防堵疏通方法 (Multifunctional anti-blocking dredging method for tunnel ventilation shaft blasting excavation ) 是由 罗战友 李庆祥 黄曼 邹宝平 陶燕丽 陆敏明 杨晖 高金康 潘江波 程运信 孙涛 于 2020-09-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种隧道通风竖井爆破开挖的多功能防堵疏通装置,包括固定模块、防堵模块、疏通模块和连接模块,固定模块包括位于顶部和底部的固定外环,防堵模块由大钢筋环、小钢筋环、中心环和连接钢筋组成,小钢筋环均匀分布于大钢筋环内部,且通过连接钢筋与中心环相接,防堵模块上下布置,最上层的防堵模块连接顶部的固定外环,最下层的防堵模块连接底部的固定外环；疏通装置为穿插于每层对应的小钢筋环内的限位钢筋,限位钢筋由锚具固定于最上层和最下层防堵装置的小钢筋环内；上下相邻的防堵模块之间通过连接模块连接。以及提供一种隧道通风竖井爆破开挖的多功能防堵疏通方法。本发明能快速疏通溜渣井,节约施工工期和项目成本,具有较高的应用价值。(A multifunctional anti-blocking dredging device for blasting excavation of a tunnel ventilation shaft comprises a fixing module, anti-blocking modules, dredging modules and connecting modules, wherein the fixing module comprises fixed outer rings positioned at the top and the bottom; the dredging device is a limiting steel bar which is inserted into the corresponding small steel bar ring of each layer, and the limiting steel bars are fixed in the small steel bar rings of the anti-blocking devices at the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer by an anchorage device; the upper and lower adjacent anti-blocking modules are connected through a connecting module. And provides a multifunctional anti-blocking dredging method for blasting excavation of the ventilation shaft of the tunnel. The invention can rapidly dredge the slag sliding well, saves the construction period and the project cost and has higher application value.)

1. A multifunctional anti-blocking dredging method for blasting excavation of a tunnel ventilation shaft is characterized in that after blasting construction, rocks are discharged into a slag chute by manpower or machinery, large rocks are discharged outside the slag chute by the top, and when the top surface of the device is higher than the slag chute, an intermediate layer can be removed in a mode of unfastening a bottom supporting device, so that the device is always slightly higher than the slag chute; if the slag sliding well blocks up the accident, untie the ground tackle at device top and bottom, through the portable internal stone of jam of the spacing reinforcing bar of plug, reach the purpose of mediation jam body, if the jam body is arbitrary to be difficult to the mediation, the device can regard as the mediation platform, carries out the manual work and clears away the operation of jam body.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the multifunctional anti-blocking dredging device for blasting excavation of the ventilation shaft of the tunnel is installed by the following steps: after the slag chute is drilled through, the anti-blocking device assembled in the roadway at the bottom of the slag chute is lifted to the pre-explosion position of the working face of the slag chute by using the shaft construction lifting system, the device is fixed in the slag chute by using the fixing system, the limiting steel bars are inserted into corresponding circular rings on each layer, and finally the limiting steel bars are fixed by using the anchorage devices.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the device for realizing the multifunctional anti-blocking dredging method for blasting excavation of the tunnel ventilation shaft comprises a fixing module, an anti-blocking module, a dredging module and a connecting module, wherein the fixing module comprises fixed outer rings positioned at the top and the bottom, the anti-blocking module comprises large steel bar rings, small steel bar rings, a center ring and connecting steel bars, the small steel bar rings are uniformly distributed in the large steel bar rings and are connected with the center ring through the connecting steel bars, the anti-blocking module is arranged up and down, the anti-blocking module at the uppermost layer is connected with the fixed outer ring at the top, and the anti-blocking module at the lowermost layer is connected with the fixed outer ring at the bottom; the dredging device is a limiting steel bar which is inserted into the corresponding small steel bar ring of each layer, and the limiting steel bars are fixed in the small steel bar rings of the anti-blocking devices at the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer by an anchorage device; the upper and lower adjacent anti-blocking modules are connected through a connecting module.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a multifunctional anti-blocking dredging method for preventing a slag sliding well from being blocked in a forward blasting excavation stage of a tunnel ventilation vertical shaft constructed by a raise boring machine method.

Background

The tunnel ventilation vertical shaft constructed by adopting the raise boring machine method has the construction process divided into four stages: a guide hole drilling stage, a reverse well expanding excavation stage, a forward blasting excavation stage and a slip form supporting construction stage; the two stages of guide hole drilling and reverse shaft expanding excavation are used for drilling the slag chute, the explosive is adopted in the forward blasting stage to blast and excavate from the designed top to the bottom of the vertical shaft from the designed top of the vertical shaft to the section size of the vertical shaft, simultaneously, the primary support is constructed, the blasted rock slag is manually or mechanically discharged into a roadway at the bottom of the vertical shaft along the slag chute and then is mechanically conveyed out of the vertical shaft, and the construction of the vertical shaft is completed by applying a slip form system to construct a secondary lining and a middle partition plate from the bottom of the vertical shaft to the top of the vertical shaft. In the forward blasting stage, the slag chute belongs to a slender structure, so that the slag chute is easy to block to form a blocking body when rock slag is removed, and once the blocking body is formed, the blockage is very difficult to dredge. The blocking of the slag chute is mainly caused by two reasons, namely, the rock slag blocks discharged into the vertical shaft are excessively large to form a suspension arch to cause the blocking of the section, and for the slag chute, the rock blocks with the diameter exceeding 1/3 of the slag chute are defined as large blocks; and secondly, the slag chute wall surrounding rock has a weak rock stratum, and collapse occurs under the action of forward blasting vibration and rock impact, so that the vertical shaft is blocked. In actual construction, the mode of adjusting blasting parameters and controlling the maximum block size of rocks is usually adopted to ensure that the large blocks do not enter the slag chute, but the blasting parameters depend on field conditions and blasting construction experience, so that the large blocks are difficult to completely prevent from entering the slag chute, and no clear and effective method for preventing the collapse and damage of the slag chute wall exists at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a slag chute anti-blocking dredging method for a tunnel ventilation shaft blasting excavation stage. The technology can prevent large blocks with the diameter larger than 1/3 of the slag chute from entering the slag chute, has a protective effect on the wall of the slag chute of the vertical shaft, and can prevent the slag chute from blocking the vertical shaft when the wall of the slag chute collapses and is damaged; when the slag chute is blocked, the device can be used for rapidly dredging the chute, so that the construction period and the project cost are saved, and the device has higher application value.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

a multifunctional anti-blocking dredging method for blasting excavation of a tunnel ventilation shaft is characterized in that after blasting construction, rocks are discharged into a slag chute by manpower or machinery, large rocks are discharged outside the slag chute by the top, and when the top surface of the device is higher than the slag chute mouth, one layer of middle layer can be removed by a mode of unfastening a bottom supporting device, so that the device is always slightly higher than the slag chute mouth; if the slag sliding well blocks up the accident, untie the ground tackle at device top and bottom, through the portable internal stone of jam of the spacing reinforcing bar of plug, reach the purpose of mediation jam body, if the jam body is arbitrary to be difficult to the mediation, the device can regard as the mediation platform, carries out the manual work and clears away the operation of jam body.

Further, the installation process of the multifunctional anti-blocking dredging device for tunnel ventilation shaft blasting excavation is as follows: after the slag chute is drilled through, the anti-blocking device assembled in the roadway at the bottom of the slag chute is lifted to the pre-explosion position of the working face of the slag chute by using the shaft construction lifting system, the device is fixed in the slag chute by using the fixing system, the limiting steel bars are inserted into corresponding circular rings on each layer, and finally the limiting steel bars are fixed by using the anchorage devices.

The device for realizing the multifunctional anti-blocking dredging method for blasting excavation of the tunnel ventilation shaft comprises a fixing module, anti-blocking modules, dredging modules and connecting modules, wherein the fixing module comprises fixed outer rings positioned at the top and the bottom, each anti-blocking module consists of a large steel bar ring, a small steel bar ring, a center ring and connecting steel bars, the small steel bar rings are uniformly distributed in the large steel bar rings and are connected with the center ring through the connecting steel bars, the anti-blocking modules are arranged up and down, the anti-blocking module at the uppermost layer is connected with the fixed outer ring at the top, and the anti-blocking module at the lowermost layer is connected with the fixed outer ring at the bottom; the dredging device is a limiting steel bar which is inserted into the corresponding small steel bar ring of each layer, and the limiting steel bars are fixed in the small steel bar rings of the anti-blocking devices at the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer by an anchorage device; the upper and lower adjacent anti-blocking modules are connected through a connecting module.

Further, the connection module comprises last splice bar, sleeve and lower splice bar, go up splice bar and be connected with the lower extreme of the big reinforcing bar ring of the stifled device of adjacent upper strata, go up splice bar and pass through sleeve and lower splice bar connection, lower splice bar is connected with the upper end of the big reinforcing bar ring of the stifled device of adjacent lower floor.

Preferably, the top and bottom outer rings are symmetrically provided with 4 limiting holes, and the top is also provided with 2 sets of symmetrical hanging rings.

Still further, in the anti-blocking module, the distance between the top layer and the uppermost middle layer and the distance between the lowermost middle layer and the bottom layer are slightly larger than the distance between the adjacent middle layers, and the adjacent middle layers are arranged at equal intervals.

The technical conception of the invention is as follows; the device is characterized by being assembled by a fixing module, an anti-blocking module, a dredging module and a connecting module in a prefabricated assembly mode, wherein the distance between a top layer and an uppermost intermediate layer and the distance between a lowermost intermediate layer and a bottom layer are slightly larger than the distance between adjacent intermediate layers, the adjacent intermediate layers are arranged at equal intervals, the fixing module is a fixed outer ring at the top and the bottom of the device, 4 limiting holes are symmetrically arranged in the top and bottom outer rings, and 2 sets of symmetrical hanging rings are also arranged at the top; the anti-blocking module consists of a large reinforcing steel bar ring, a small reinforcing steel bar ring, a central ring and connecting reinforcing steel bars, wherein the small reinforcing steel bar ring is uniformly distributed in the large reinforcing steel bar ring and is connected with the central ring through the connecting reinforcing steel bars; the dredging device is a limiting steel bar which is inserted into the corresponding small steel bar ring of each layer, the limiting steel bars are fixed in the corresponding circular rings of the anti-blocking device at the top layer and the bottom layer by an anchorage device, and the anti-blocking dredging module can dredge the blocking body by inserting and pulling the limiting steel bars while ensuring the stability; the connecting module is composed of connecting steel bars and sleeves, is located between layers and is used for connecting and assembling the anti-blocking modules.

The invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. this device is cylindrical stifled pull throughs, can effectively filter the bold that is greater than 1/3 swift current slag shaft diameter through top filtration system, prevents that bold rock from getting into the swift current slag shaft. 2. Inside this device runs through the swift current slag shaft, big reinforcing bar ring provided the flexible dado, prevented that the lump of rock after the swift current slag shaft wall collapses from blockking up the swift current slag shaft. 3. If the slag chute is blocked, the blockage can be quickly dredged by plugging the limiting reinforcing steel bars, so that the construction period is prevented from being delayed, and the manufacturing cost is saved. 4. The top anti-blocking module can play a certain role in protecting constructors during slag sliding operation, and the constructors are prevented from falling into the slag sliding well.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a multifunctional anti-blocking dredging device for blasting excavation of a ventilation shaft of a tunnel.

Fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a fixing module.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an anti-blocking module.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the device connection.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1-5, a multifunctional anti-blocking dredging method for blasting excavation of a tunnel ventilation shaft is characterized in that after a slag chute is drilled, an anti-blocking device assembled in a tunnel at the bottom of the slag chute is lifted to a pre-blasting position of a shaft construction working face by using a shaft construction lifting system, the device is fixed in the slag chute by a fixing system, limiting steel bars are inserted into corresponding circular rings of each layer, and finally the limiting steel bars are fixed by an anchorage device, so that the multifunctional anti-blocking dredging device for blasting excavation of the tunnel ventilation shaft is completely installed; after the blasting construction, adopt artifical or machinery to emit into the swift current sediment well with the rock, the bold rock will be got rid of outside the swift current sediment well by the top, when the device top surface exceeds the swift current sediment well head, the accessible unties bottom sprag device's mode, removes the one deck intermediate level, makes the device remain throughout and exceeds the swift current sediment well head slightly. If the slag sliding well blocks up the accident, untie the ground tackle at device top and bottom, through the portable internal stone of jam of the spacing reinforcing bar of plug, reach the purpose of mediation jam body, if the jam body is arbitrary to be difficult to the mediation, the device can regard as the mediation platform, carries out the manual work and clears away the operation of jam body.

After the shaft blasting excavation, the using stage of the device is accessed. After blasting and tunneling, the device is higher than the face, at the moment, rivets anchored at the bottom in the bottom plate fixing holes 2 are removed, the height of the device is pulled to be the same as the top surface of the slag chute through machinery, then slag chute operation is carried out, in the slag chute process, if a slag chute blockage accident happens, the anchorage devices 11 on the top surface and the bottom surface of the device are removed, blocked rock slag is dredged by pulling and dredging the reinforcing steel bars 7, and after dredging is finished, the reinforcing steel bars 7 are fixed in the small circular rings 4 again by using the anchorage devices 11. The operation is carried out in this way until the deslagging operation is finished.

A multifunctional anti-blocking dredging device for blasting excavation of a tunnel ventilation shaft comprises a fixing module, anti-blocking modules, dredging modules and connecting modules, wherein the fixing module comprises fixed outer rings positioned at the top and the bottom, each anti-blocking module consists of a large steel bar ring 3, a small steel bar ring 4, a center ring 5 and connecting steel bars 6, the small steel bar rings are uniformly distributed in the large steel bar rings and are connected with the center ring through the connecting steel bars, the anti-blocking modules are arranged up and down, the anti-blocking module at the uppermost layer is connected with the fixed outer ring at the top, and the anti-blocking module at the lowermost layer is connected with the fixed outer ring at the bottom; the dredging device is a limiting steel bar 7 inserted into the corresponding small steel bar ring of each layer, and the limiting steel bars are fixed in the small steel bar rings of the anti-blocking devices at the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer by an anchorage device; the upper and lower adjacent anti-blocking modules are connected through a connecting module.

Further, the connection module comprises upper connecting steel bars 8, sleeves 9 and lower connecting steel bars 10, the upper connecting steel bars are connected with the lower ends of the large steel bar rings of the adjacent upper anti-blocking devices, the upper connecting steel bars are connected with the lower connecting steel bars through the sleeves, and the lower connecting steel bars are connected with the upper ends of the large steel bar rings of the adjacent lower anti-blocking devices.

Preferably, the top and bottom outer rings are symmetrically provided with 4 limiting holes 2, and the top is also provided with 2 sets of symmetrical hanging rings 1.

Still further, in the anti-blocking module, the distance between the top layer and the uppermost middle layer and the distance between the lowermost middle layer and the bottom layer are slightly larger than the distance between the adjacent middle layers, and the adjacent middle layers are arranged at equal intervals.

In the installation stage of the embodiment, the anti-blocking module in the fig. 4 is connected with each other through an upper connecting steel bar 8, a sleeve 9 and a lower connecting steel bar 10 to form an anti-blocking device, the number of each layer of connecting steel bar is the same as that of the small circular ring 4, the welding point is positioned at the intersection of the corresponding large circular ring 3 and the small circular ring 4, the height of the installed anti-blocking device is 10cm higher than that of a slag chute, the height of a top layer and the height of a bottom layer are the same and 1m higher than that of the middle layer, the anti-blocking device is lifted to the top of a shaft from a bottom roadway through a shaft top lifting device, top and bottom fixing rings in the fig. 3 are respectively connected with the top and the bottom of the anti-blocking device through welding to serve as a top plate and a bottom plate of the device, the top plate and the bottom plate are fixed on surrounding rocks of a tunnel face and a ground slag outlet through fixing holes 2 on the top plate, and then fixed on the device through an anchorage device 11, so that the installation of the device is completed.